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by the Royal Sovereign, Vanguard, Elephant, and Lion, it will receive an addition of S570 men, and 312 guns, making in all 23,629 men, and 2780 Lord Howe has long been preparing his code of Signals. It is an acknowledged axiom in the Navy, that the fewer Flags all the neceffary fignals can be composed of, the fimpler and eafier they become. Sixteen" Flags-have long been in ufe. Lord Howe is faid to have reduced the number to Twelve, consequently he mull have much Amplified this very ufeful and intricate branch of naval trctics. It is a ferious fail, that till of late years, the Officers of the British Navy paid but little attention to the ftudy of confequent- ly any particular movement, of.a large fleet! was made very flowly, as it took time to comprehend the nature of the evolution meant.

Now the motions of our Iargeft 1 fleets are accomplifhed with a celerity that increafdfc their formidable power. An alarming mutiny was on the point of breaking out on board the Barringten Eaft Indiaftian, in her paffage to Europe, which was timely difcovered and, by the judicious and fpirited conduct of the officers and gentlemen eft board, the ringleaders were fe- cured, ptfriifhed, and brought to England in irons. Government, it is faid, hascontracted with the Eaft India Company for 4000 tons of Clipping, to carry out convicts, ftores, and troops to New Holland; from whence the ftips will proceed to China to bring home cargoes; and this accounts why fo few (hips have been taken up by the Court of Directors. The price of wheat by the laft return has fallen in the average per quarter 6d. and Hands at zl.

14s. 7d. The average price per bufhel, throughout the countryi from Aug. 9, to.Aug. 14, was follows in Northumberland, as Cambridge, 6s.

Huntingdon and Lincoln, 6s. Effex and Suffolk, 6s. 6d.in London and Norfolk, 6s. Cumberland, 6s. Suffex and Kent, 6s.

gd. Bedford, 6s. North. ampton, Berks, York, and Durham, 6s. i id.

Rutland, Bucks, and Cornwall, Middlefex and Hertford, 7s. Not tingham, Wilts, Oxford, and Lancafhire, 7s. Surrey, Leicefter, and Hants, 7s. Gloucefter, 7s. Devon, 7s.

South Wales, 7s. Warwick and North Wales, 7s. Derby, Hereford, and Worcefter, 7s. Stafford, Monmouth, Somerfet, and Dorfet, 7s. in Salop and Chefhire, 7s.

1 in. Weftmoreland, 8s id. A private letter received laft Saturday from Evemam in Worcefterfhire, gives the following difagreeable intelfigecne: The hops of this country turn out fo bad, at well as thofe of Herefdrdfhire, that I really think the duty will not produce 4000I. for thefe two counties. In poling, the (hoots fprang up well, but I am afraid fome of our grounds were over.poled, and high winds havebruifed many of the hops.

We here reckon we have but a moderate crop when an acre will fetch Ho more than thirty pounds. The planting of hops has of late years fo much increafed, and the average produce fo much exceeded the confumotion, that with me they have been rather a lofing than a profitable article." A paragraph having appeared in the Papers, ftating, that, when Vifcount Stormont becomes EarJ of Mansfield by the de- mife of the prefent Earl, a curious queftion wouldarife, viz. What title would his eldeft fon bear, as cuftomary by the courtefy or England, fince the Barony, the prefent Earl's fecond title, would become extinct at his death Admitting that the Earldom will ar- above ftated, to Vifcount Stormont, it' cSariot be conceived how any queftion can arifeK Werethe noble Vifcount ever to be Earl of Mansfield, the title of Vifcount Stormont would become his cond title, by which, of courfe, his eldeft fon would be diftinguiQied. An inftance of the kind happened in the reign of James the Second, when the Earl of Danby's eldeft fon, then an officer in the navy, conftantly went by the title of Vifcount Dumblaine, which was his father's firft and fole Scotch title, in preference to hisfecond and. thirdEnglifh titles, Vifcount Latimer and Baron Ofborne.

But the fact 4s, that the prefent Vifcount Stormont can never be Earl of Mansfield; for the Earldom was conferred on the venerable Chief Juftice, with remainder to Louifa, the prefent Vifcountefs Stormout, and to her heirs male by the faid Vifcount. So that upon the Earl's death, this lady will become Countefs of Mansfield in her own right. With refpect to her eldeft fon, as the Barony of Mansfield will be extinct, it is apprehended that he can be only, as at prefent, the Hon. David William Murray, till, by the death of his father, he becomes Vifcount Stormont, or by that of his mother, Earl of Mansfield. There are a great number of bad half- crowns in circulation they look exceedingly well, but are only cafed over, and are fuppofed to be the manufacture of Denton and Parker, who were not long fine executed for corning.

The City bad better rebuild London bridge than repair it; no repair can give it uniformity of beauty if equal in expence to the rebuilding befides the horrid apppearance of its irregularity, its moft accurfed. abufe in flopping the water-way, defeating the pro- grefs of the flood two hours each tide, and being dangeroufly navigable at all times. The Engineers employed in tha commencement and completion of the navigation the Forth and the are fnp- pofed to have ferved their times to fome firft- rate barbers, their works betraying fo much Mil in locks and blocks. The intention of joining the Forth and Clyde, was in agitation in the reign of Charles the Engineers have been employed, and immenfe fums in what is termed its completion. If its perfection depends upon having as many locks as miles, it is a wonderful perform ance but they are a.

difgrace to the true principles of engineering, as there fhould not have been one lock in the whole undertaking. Extract a letter from Ipfwicb, Aug. 14. For the better regulation of the coal trade in the counties of Suffolk and Effex, the fitters and fhip-owners, at the port of Sunderland, united with the merchants and buyers of coal at the port of Harwich; have determined to fix a factor at the latter place, to-tranfact the bufinefs for them, after the fame manner as at London At a meeting held by the coal merchants at Miftley- Thorn in Effex, on the zoth of laft month, Robert Trotman, Efq; in the chair, Mr. Hartley, of Long Orton, near Peterborough, was unanimoufly approved of, apd appointed factor for the Harwich markets.

Similar regulations will, we hear, be adopted at every other port in the kingdom where coals are imported from the North. This factor being made refponfible to the Upland mer chant for the quality, and price of the coal- fold at the place where imported, the commodity will neceffarily come fairly to market; and the inland dealer will, by this means, have it in his power to detect impofition wherever intended. On Wednefday died, after a lingering illnefs, Mrs. Patrick, of the Falcon, of this town." ExtraSl of a letter from Chelmsford, Aug. 20.

The annual lamb fair, now ellablifhed at Latchingdon, near Maiden in this county, of through the grazing and farming lines, as a very beneficial inltitution it will be held on the 27th inft. to give a rea- fonable interval between that and Ipfwich fair, from which many droves of lambs are expected in addition to the produce of the fine Norfolk flocks now kept in Dengey Hundred. A good fhew of Welfh cattle, cart, and other horfes, are likewife looked for." Extrntl of a letter from Cambridge, Aug. 20.. Monday laft Samuel FraDcis, Efq; was elected Mayor of this Corporation for the year enfuing, and Mr.

Richard Gates was chofen Common-Councilman, in the of the late Mr. Samuel Stanner. The Rev. John A. is pre- fen ted by his Grace the Duke of Dorfet to the Rectory of Welford, near Stratford upon Avon.

A gentleman has invented a machine, by which 20 or 30 needles can be ufed eafily as one, in putting ornamental work on muflin, callico, or any other manufacture, Or in working figures or flowers." Ext rail of a letter from Hereford, Aug. 18. On Monday laft an extraordinary cir- cumftance happened in Bye-ftreet: A maid fervant was looking at a man apparently Wind, and who had foliated charity as-fuch from feveral perfons, when fhe recognifed in a child conducting him the features of her nephew, about fix years old, who had been miffing from the neighbourhood of the Hay about two months, to the great concern of his parents. The man was immediately cured and, on examination, it appeared he had inveigled the child from a place at fome diftance from his home, but had conftantly ufed it well. He had loft the fight of one eye, and the other was defective but hp feemed to have no other intention than that of ma-king the boy an afliftant in procuring charity, by leading him when he found it convenient to be totally blind.

He was committed for further The Rev. Mr. Wefley makes few profe- lytes to his doctrine on the prevention of fui- cide. The mind that loathes or and has ftifled or fubdued the dread of eternity, may well be fuppofed to reflect with contempt on all the indignities which can be offered to the miferable pfifon from which it longsto efcape. Thefe may outrage the feelings of thofe who are thankful for the bleflings of life, but cannot fhake the purpofe of him whofpurns it from him.

And as perfons reduced to that unhappy ftate of mind are evidently unfit for the purpofes.Sof fociety, perhaps the wifeftcourfe is to luffer them to depart unnoticed and unlamented. Saturday evening as a boy was pafling by the rubbifh-hole belonging to Newport Market, he was ftruck upon the fhoulder by fomething which appeared to him to be thrown from an oppofite houfe, and in looking round perceived it to be part of a human foot; this occafioned a fearch to take place, and among the rubbifh was found another foot and two hands, fuppofed to belong to fome female who had been recently murdered in the neighbonrhood. From the circum- ftance of the boy being ftruck, it is moft probable thawholewill be traced out, and the perpetrators of the murder, if there has been one, brought to punifhment. The unhappy female of the clafs of thofe mproperly called Ladies of Pleafure, has lately made two attempts to put an end to her wretched life; the. laft by throwing herfelf into the Thames near Cneifca, from fhe was refcued by a young man, who was juft gOUig to bathe.

is but melancholy; and while we abhor the vice, we cannot but pity the miiery of thefe beings. PHILOSOPHT. The fingular life and fate of CAGLIOSTRO renders fome account of the philofophical fyftem of the vifionary feet, to which he is faid to have belonged, an intereiling article. It is well known that this man was the friend and aflbciate of a German Count, who was a Member of the Society of the Rofycrucians, of whofe tenets the following account is felected from the beft authorities. The Rofycrudans, or brothers of the Rofycrofs, is a name afftimed by a feet or cabal of hermetick philofopheis, who arofe, as it has been faid, or at leaft became firft taken notice of in Germany, in the beginning of the fourteenth century.

They bound themfelves together a folemn fecret, which they Wore inviolably to preferve and obliged themfelves at their admiflion into the Order, to a ilrict obfervance of certain ellablifhed rules. They pretended to know all fcienccs, and affected to be maftersof abundance of important fecrets and, among others, that of the Philofopher's Stone; all which they affirmed to have received by tradition from the ancient Egyptians, Chaldeans, the Magi, and Gymofophifts. Their chief was a German Gentleman, called Chriftian Rofencruz, educated in a monaft.ery, where he learut the languages. About the clofe of the fourteenth century, he to the Holy Land, where falling fick, at Damafcus, he tonfulted the Arabs, and other Eaftern Philofophers, by whom he was fuppofed to be initiated into this wonderful art. At his return into Germany, he formed a Society, to whom he communicated the he had brought with him out of the Eaft, and finally died in 1484.

The whole of this account is generally rejected as fabulous. They have been diitinguifhed by feveral names, accommodated to the feveral branches of their doctrine. Becsiife they pretend to portrait the period of human life, by means of certain noft.rums, and even to reftore youth, they were called immortales. As they pretended to know all things they have been called illuminati; the Society forming this branch of the feet is now held at Avignon, and the two brothers who a few weeks ago defired the French King to put himfelf at the head of his army, at the command, as they faid, of certain fpi- rits, and have been very properly taken iuto cuftody for their temerity, were a brace of its members. The Rofycrucians, becaufe they have made no appearance for feveral years, but have kept together incognito, have been called the brothers.

Their Society is frequently figned by the letters F. R. C. which fome interpret fratres roris cocli; it being pretended that the matter of the pher's Stone is dew, concocted, exalted, Some, who are no friends to Free Mafonry, make the prefent flourifhing Society of Free 'Ma- fons a branch of Rofycrucians; or rather the crucians themfelves, under a new name or relation, viz. as retainers to building.

And it is certain there are fome Free Mafons who have all the characters of Rofy-Crucians; but how the-aera and original of Mafonry, as traced by Mr; Anderfon, and that of Rofycrucianifm, as fixed from Naudseus, who has written exprefsly on the fubject, coniift, we leave others to judge. Notwithftanding the pretended antiquity of fycrucians, it is probable that the Alchemifls, Pa- racelilb, or who fpread felves through all Europe, at the clofe of the 16th century, afl'umed about this peiiod the ambiguous title of Rofycrucian brethren, which commanded at-firft, fome degreerj it feemed to be borrowed from the arms of Luther, which were a crofs placed upon a rofc. But the denomination evidently appears to be derived from the fcience of Chemiftry. It is not compounded fays Marflieim, as many imagine, of the two words rofa and crux which fignify rofe and crofs, but of the'latter of thefe words, and the Latin word ros which fignifies dew of all natunA bodies, dew was deemed the moft power dilTolvent of gold; and the crofs, in the chymical language, is equivalent to light, becaufe the figure of crofs exhibits, at the fame time, the three letters of which the word lux, or light, is compounded. Now lux is called, by their feet, the feed or menftrum of the red dragon, or, in other words, that grofs and corporal-light, which, when properly digefted and modified, produces gold.

Hence it follows, if this ethnology be admitted, that a Rofycrucian Philo- fopher is one, who, by the intervention and aflift- aace of the dew, feeks for light, or, in other words, the f'ibftance called the Philofopher's Stone. The true meaHing and energy of this denomination did not efcape the penetration and fagacity of Gaflendi, as appears by his Examen Philofophiae Fluddianae, feet. 15. torn. iii.

p. 261. and it was more fully explained by Renaudot, in his Conferences Publiques, torn. iv. p.

87. At the head of thefe fanatics was Robert Fludd, an Englifh Phyficiaii, Jacob Behmen, and Michael Mayer. The common principles, which ferve as a kind of centre of union to the Rofycrucian Society, are the following. They all maintain, that the diffolution of bodies, by the power of fire, is the only way by which men can arrive at true wifdom, and come to difcern the firft principles of things. They all acknowledge a certain analogy and harmony between the powers of nature and the doctrines of religion, and believe that the Deity governs the Kingdom of Grace by the fame laws with which he rules the Kingdom of Nature; and hence they are led to ufe chemical denominations to exprefs the truths of religion.

They allhojd, that there is a fort of divine- energy, or foul, difTufed through the frame of the Univetfe, which fome call the ARCHEUS others the Univerfal Spirit, and which others mention under different appellations. They all talk in the moft fuperfluous manner of what they call the fignatures of things of the power of the ftars over all corporeal. being6, and their particular influence upon the human race, of the efficacy of magic, and the various ranks an 1 orders of demons. In fine, they all agree i 1 throwing out the moft crude incomprehenfible notions, and ideas, in the moft obfeure, unufual EXTRACT from tfo PROCEEDINGS of tfa. ASSOCN ATION -'-for DISCOVERY of the INTERIOR PARTS of AFRICA.

Paper of Monday March 20tL A few. days afterwards Mr. Lucas took leave of the Governor, to whofe civilities fie had been much indebted; and having accompanied a fmall caravan as far as Lebida, embarked coafting vefTel at the neighbouring village of Le- gatah, and went by fea to Tripoli; where fhaw, upon whom he waited, and to whom, with many acknowledgments he returned the not only received him with great kindnefs, but exprefftd his hope tiiat better fortune would attend him another year. April 6th. From Tripoli he failed for Maka, and after a tedious quarantine, which the fufpidon of the plague at Mefurata had much prolonged, he took his departure for Marfeilles, and qij the of July, arrived in England.

fjft. Fezzan, whofe fmall and circular domain is placed in the vaft wildernefs, as an ifland in the midft of an ocean, is fituatedto the fouth of Mefurata. A journey of eight days, through diftrlcts but little inhabited or improved, though fertile, conducts the traveller to the town of Wad- am, where every requifite for the of caravan is found. Frome thence, in five hours, he arrives at the forlorn village of Houn, on the edge of the defart of Soudan, on whofe black durate foil, the bafis of which is a foft ftone, no vegetable but the Talk, is feen to grow. To, tbUs tree, which is of thefize of the fmall olive, and bears a fprig of yellow flowers, the hufbandman pf Fezzan is indebted for the hard and lemon-colouied wood, of which he forms the handles of his toojs, and the frames of his large inftruments.

Having croffed the Defart, w'hich furni'fhes no for the paffage of which four days are requifite, the traveller accepts the refrefhments of a miferable village that affords nothing but dates of the vyo.rft uality, fome brackifh water, and a fupply.pf ndian corn, of the fpecies called Gaffah. From Zegen, by wbich name the village is dfftinguifhed, a fingle day conducts him to the town of where the large remains of an ancient caftle, biu'lt upon a hill, and other venerable ruins, that In of extent are compared to thofe of Lebida, irdprffs on his mind the jnelancholy idea of departed great- nefs while, on the other hand, the humble qwe.Il- ings of the modern inhabitants, and the rich vegetation of their neighbouring fields, prefent to Eis eye an ample ftore of all that is the fuftenance of man. Dates, barley, Indian coijn, pumpkins, cucumbers, apd apricots, and, for meaner purpofes, the white and Spanifh broom, are defcribed as buf a partjof the numerous vegetables which reward of the people. The animals in whjcK moft abound are faid to be the common fowl, and brown long-haired and long-tailed ftiecp. From Sebbah, a journey of two days tranfporta the traveller to Goddona, a fmall town of fiinijat produce; and from thence, in two days more, he arrives at Mourzouck, the capital of the kingdom of Fezan.

4 This city is fituated on the bank of a fmall river, and is fupplied with water from a multitude of fprings and wells. Being formerly built with, ftone, it retains the appellation of a Chriftian town and the medley which it pfefents to the eye, of the vaft ruins of ancient buildings, and of the humble cottages of earth and fand, which forni the dweH- ings.of its prefent Arab inhabitants, is fihguIaHy grotefque and ftrangc. A It is furrounded by a high wall, which only furnifhes the means of defence, but affords to tjhe Government an opportunity of collecting at three gates, a tax on all goods (provifions excepted) that are brought for the fupply -of its people. Its diftance from Mefurata, which borders on the coaft, and with r'efpect'' to which its fituation is nearly is about 3)50 miles. Eaftward of Mourzouck and fituated in i.

of fertility, is the town of which the remnants of ancient the number and iize of tin: cifterns, and the con(tructiori of the vaulted caves, perhaps, as repofitorirs for corn, exhibit fuch veftiges of ancient fplen- dour, as will probably attract, and highly- reward the attention of the future To.the fouth of Zueela, and nearly at the fame diftance from the capital, is the town of -Jerma, which like Zueela is dittingnfflied by the numerous herds, efpecially of fheep and that are ''fecn around it by the various and abundant its adjacent and by numerous and tBajeftic ruins that exhibit to the ignorant inhabitants of nts clay-built cottages, inferiptions. of which' they know not the meaning and veftiges of greatnefsto which they are perfectly indifferent. Teflbuwa, a confiderable town, is alfo-fituated to the eaftward of the but feems to have 'no claim to particular attention. Near this town a river which the Shereef defcribes as overwhelmed in the moving fands, but which he remembers a deep and rapid ftream, had formerly its ccurfe. More remote from Mourzouk, being dtftant from it in a N.

E. direction, about 120 miles, is the large town of Tefla. Here the caravan of pilgrims from Bornou and Nigritia, which takes its departure from Mourzeuk, and travels by the way of Cairo to Mecca, uf ally provides the ftores of cjrn and dates, and dried me it, which are requifite jt its dreary paffage. S. E.

from the capital, and diftant from it abput fixty miles, is the fmall town of Kattron, which fjems to be remarkable for nothing but the which it breeds of the common and Indian corn, which the' neighbouring lands afford. Very differently diftinguifhed is or ra- t'ler the province of Mendrah, for though much of its land is a-Tcontinued level of hard ar)d ir en foil, the. quantity of Xrona, a fpecies of foflil alkali that floats on the furface, or fettles on the banks, of its numerous fmoaking it a higher importance than that of Of this valuable produce great quanties a.re an-.