Guardian from London, Greater London, England • Page 2

1098 THE GUARDIAN, DECEMBER 24, 1895. Ono very satisfactory element in the week is and that persons now holding the Govern of Oam.d». Nowhere the United States be more immediately or more severely felt, but though the Canadians are quite alive to what may be before them, they have neither preferred peace to honour nor shown any disposition to throw the burden of frontier defence on the mother country. There has not been a whisper about the advantages of incorporation with thoir great neighbour, not a suggestion that England is to blame for the sudden outburst of American passion, not a complaint of the expense which Canada must certainly incur if she wishes to be safe against some sudden rush following rapidly upon a sudden outbreak of war. In the admirablo words of tho Toronto Globe Grave as is the situation thus croatcd for Canada it is ono which she accepts absolutely without murmuring.

8ho will not complain that she will bo involved in tho consequences of a dispute with which sho has no concern, because it is of hor own free choice that she remains a mombor of a world-wide Empire with world-wide responsibilities." A colony which can speak in this way is a colony that is worth defending. More than that, it is a colony which it will be hard for an enemy to take, and harder still for it to keep. What thoro of permanent intorost in the week, apart from the controversy with tho United States, must bo loft or another occasion. United President's Mossago was road at oiico on Tuosday in tho Sonato, but in the House of Representatives Mr. llecd (the Spoaker) did not take it up till five o'clock and even then would not lot Mr.

Crisp, the lato Democratic oatch his eyo to introduce a Bill establishing tho Commission proposed by tho President. Tho reason seems to be that the Republicans thought that so important a policy should be in their own hands, and should not convoy moro advantage than could bo helped to tho Democrats in tho election campaign. On Wednesday, Mr. Iteed oallod on Mr. Ilitt (Republican, formerly Chairman of tho Foroign Affairs Committee), who introduced a BUI empowering tho President to appoint a Commission, and appropriating for its expenses.

Mr. Bontelle (Rcpubl'om), who, it appears, thinks the President's messago a moro dovico to ooncoal tho blunders of tho Administration, suggested that it should bo referred to a committee, but Mr. Crisp supported tho Bill, which passed unanimously, and tho House adjourned till Friday. No business was done then, hut on Saturday Mr. Rood appointed tho various committees.

The Uouso then adjourned till yesterday. In tho Sonato on "Wednesday Mr. Ilitt presented a Bill for tho repeal of the disabilities against tho Confederates, as this was a time whon all should co-oporato in the dofonco of their countrv, but Mr. Piatt suggested that it had hotter wait till Mr. Uitt's Bill had boon considered.

Mr. Chandler presented a Bill for strengthening tho military armament of tho country, by the provision of 1,000,000 moro rillos for tho infantry, 1,000 pieces of field artjllory, and not exoooding 5,000 fort guns. Tho Bill, which authorises to bo impropriated for those purposes, was roforred to the Committee on Military Affairs. On tho motion of Mr. Davis, it was agrood to ask tho President for information on tho correspondence that had taken plaoo with tho British Government, and on tho allegations that the latter had established post-oiHces and post-roads with a viow to tho occupation of Alaska also whether any atfcompt had boon made by Grout Britain or Canada to claim part of Alaska.

On Thursday Mr, Morgan. Chairman of HIH Foroign Relations Ootnmitfcoo, rnovod to rofor Mr. Hilt's Bill to tho oommittoo, premising that CongrosH ought not to adjourn for tho roooss till tho Bill had boon roported back to the Senate. Mr. Sherman doolarod that the President had takon up tho right position, and that tho United Statos should protect smaller nations, and inform Europe that this Continent was ocoupiod by Christian nations, and was not to bo parodied out like Africa.

At tho Hiuno tlnvo ho expressed a belief that there would not ho war, and that the matter could bo adjusted poaooably. Mr. Lodge thought that tho tiino allowed for tho proposed Boundary Commission to report should bo Umitod, and ho gavo notioo of an amendment to tho effect that tho Commission should report on April 1st. Ho did not think that tho Monroe doctrine could bo uphold as international kw, hut ho boliovod that it should bo supported, as tho Declaration of Indopondonoo had boon supportod, us tho doctrine of tho United Statos. Mr, I 'oorhets did not boliovo in tho danger of wnr, hut thought that tho dignity of tho United States demanded that they should not without further delay.

Mr. Allen objected to tho second reading of tho Bill. Ho did not expect wnr, and thought that Mr, Ivodgo's umondmnnt was mount moro as political war than anything olse. Mr. la iv ley thought that thoro was not much case for war, as thoro was no information on tho subjoot.

Mr. Teller thought that Congress should uphold tho Prosidont. Ho never expected to soo a Prosidont in oflloo who would not uphold tho Mouroo dootriuo us an American doctrine. It was not a question of International luw, and what they now wanted to loam wus whether tho Monroo doctrine was applicable to tho present case. Mr.

Hltt's Bill Anally wont over until tho followiug day. On Friday tho Hew W. Melburii, chaplain of tho Senate, during prayers said Grant, wo beseech Thoo, that wo may bo saved from imbruing our lunula in oaoh other's blood. Lot tho spirit of justloo and magnanimity prevail among tho rulers of both nations and among tho kindred people of tho two lands." On tho motion at Mr. Mitchell, tho Sonato directed that the Invocation bo iusorlbod in full on tho vooord -an unusual mark of respect.

Mr. Allen subsequently introduced a resolution for an inquiry Into tho advisability of tho free ooinago of silver, in viow of tho strained relations which had arisen out of tho Vonezuolan affair. Amotion that this proposal should ho referred to tho Finance Commlttoo wan dofoatou by SH) to 21. Tho motubers of tho sllvor party voting in tho majority, Mr. Alton's resolution was finally agreed to without a division, tho movor agreeing that tho words roforrlng to tho danger of war should bo omitted.

Mr, Morgan thon proposed an amondmont form of the Houso Bill on the Commission, which was acceptable to tho Foroign Venezuela and British Guiana. Mr. Piatt argued that any delay would be construed in England as hesitation, and thought It would not be well to change the House Bill. The Senate should notify Great Britain that America was behind the President Mr. Sherman observed that the controversy was an ancient one, and the United States had only recently taken notioe of it.

The United States-themselves had disregarded the Monroe doctrine in annexing Texas and California. There was no need of haste, which the President's Messago did not ask for. He thought the proposed amendments would improve the Bill. Mr. was in favour of peace if it could be attained ably.

The two Governments, however, had reached a place at which they could not agree, and neither could yield to the other. Their first duty, as they stood upon the briuk of a crisis, was to provide for an increase in the national revenues. Mr. Lodge would not movo his amendment as to the limit of time at which the Commission should make its report. Tho Commission ought to be confirmed by the Senate, as it would strengthen the President's hands.

Those peoplo in London who were trying to create a panic iu America by selling American securities would not deter the American Congress from doing its duty. After further debate Mr. Chandler said that he hud changed his mind, and now believed that the House Bill should be passed without amendment, and all power placed in the President's hands. Whether Mr. Cleveland or some other distinguished member of his party were a candidate for the Presidency, there could bo no question of foroign policy in the campaign, for on that point Americans wero united.

Nor would they be deterr.id by a conspiracy of foreign capitalists to depress American stocks. Mr. Tillman asked Mr. Chandler whether, if tho resolution were passed by the Senate and the gold reserve disappeared, he would still vote for the resolution. Mr.

Chandler would vote for any sacrifice to sustain tho national honour. Mr. Turpie, a member of the Committee on Foroign Relations, declared that the Bill bound the Commission to pass upon matters of fact, and decide what was the boundary. He did not believe that tho Commission should be given so great a power. Moreover, tho passing of the Bill would ho an affirmation that the Venezuelan boundary camo under the Monroo doctrine He predicted thrno confederations of American North, Central, and South, which would bo strong enough to prevont even menace of oppression on the part of other Powers.

The original Bill sent up to the House was thon adopted without alteration, and tho Sonato rosolvod to adjourn at its rising till tho Oth prox. Later in tho afternoon a Message was received from the President as to tho financial question. Expressing apprehension of renewed depletion of tho gold reserve, intensified by tho unusual timidity in business cirolos, he pointed out that tho present scare of perplexity caused by dangerous and fatuous financial operations may be oxpocted to recur as long as tho financial system is not amended. If, too, this difficulty is increusod by the step just taken in foreign policy, that only shows that patriotic sentiment is an inadequate substitute for a sound financial policy. Undoubtedly tho nation is solvent, hut account must bo taken of even unreasonable fears, and therefore Mr.

Cleveland urges Congress not to separate for the recess before doing something to convince the apprehensive of the ability and determination of the nation to meet all obligations. The Senate then resolved to meet the next day, but no important business was done, and the Senate again adjourned till to-day. The President has signed tho Commission Bill, which is now law. Tho reason of tho President's seoond Mossago is the financial effect of its prodooossor. On Wednesday Mr.

Chauncey Depew mid that war with Gre.it Britain would have four (1) Canada would bo conquered (2) Brithh commerce would be destroyed, and dangerous social conditions would follow; (3) the unprotected American coasts would bo ravaged, securities and financial obligations would sink in value, and a third of the industries of tho United States would go into bankruptcy (4) tho United Statos could not be invadod owing to the distanco from England. On Thursday evening (at a dinner given in celebration of tho centenary of Jay's treaty of oonimorce between England and tho Unitod States), ho estimated tho depreciation in American securities during tho previous throe days at Friday brought about a regular panic in Wall-street, owing to the sales of American stocks by European holders. No sooner had themarkot will not possess the first requisite competent court of tioni and whioh will he needlessly offensive to Great Itaf notvjuclieial Ufft The Iferafd -took up a TkS la distincfdpposition to the President. If the Monroe £33? 3, it will be more misused where it is not really applicable, to the ment to Mr. Gladstone: wttwucreu is no rauiy appncaDie, wm DO more pea(je and safety of the nation than the foreign whioh was meant to prevent.

The World has r. wie eTaphe4 American sentiment is at a turning point. Once turned rong way, no power on earth can holditback. IntheAmfiW mind, you, more than any score of other men and more wrong uv VJI uii vuu nuiwi iv AU tne American ana more the Government, epitomise the British people. A word of peace and fellowship from you will aid to oheck, clamour, sootho passion, encourage sober thought, ana may avert a calamity." Mr.

Gladstone I dare not interfere. Only common sense is required. oponed than G0.000 sharos wore offered for sale. Prices immediately went down to 0 per and the panic spread to domestio shares as well. Thoro was a continuous rush to sell till noon, intensified from time to time by the failuro of important houses, four in all.

After noon tho position improved somewhat, but salos went on to the close, when prices had fallen on the average 10 per cent. Business only goes on two hours on Saturdays, and tho fall was by no means so sorious as biiforo, many thinking that tho worst was ovor. It was, however, chiefly homo stocks whioh wont down. In financial cirolos tho blamo of this convulsion (whioh somo critics estimate to havo caused American investors alroady a of is chiefly laid on Mr. Clovolaud, one authority pioturosquoly describing the air of Wall-street as "blue with curses on the President.

The opinion of financiers, and indeed of New York iu general, does not of course extend everywhere, and somo people seem indeed to welcome tho crisis as a means of esoano from the tyranny of the gold bugs." What measures of relief Congress will adopt is not cloar, though some action must evidently ho taken. If one cynical interpretation of tho President's action bo ho Ins dosired to give an object- lesson of tho insecurity of the prosent system of American finance, ho is hardly likoly to bo satisfied with the result, for alroady proposals for tho reimposition of proteotivo duties, if not for the free ooinago of silver, aro current. Tho gonoral tono of public uttoranoos hud been at first almost uniformly in favour of the President. On Wednesday of the five morning newspapers in Now York whioh (to quote the Times correspondent) may fairly be called leading "Two support the President unrosorvodly, two express them- solves unresev Times two whioh cannot pay more with advantage." Some influential voices have been raised in the States in con. demnation of the President's policy.

But one thing seems clear" The Monroe doctrine is considered a treasure whioh must be defended at all oosta; the only question is whether the President has not dragged it in where it is not attacked. Several cor. respondents in the Times presB this strongly. Warnings are also given as to the feelings of kinship supposed to draw America olose to England. Several writers urge that suoh views are hold only by a small proportion, and that with most people in the States a war with England would be more popular than any other war.

In Canada the first impression seems to have been that there was danger of invasion, and that Canada must be prepared for it. The Brazilian Senate and the Chamber of Deputies on Thursday adopted a resolution approving President Cleveland's Message on the Venezuelan question. The press is divided. Continental opinion is generally that the use made of the Monroe doctrine is contrary to international law, but that England will meet with no actual support. She will be obliged, it is added, to give up meddling with Armenia.

French feelings are tomewhat divided for there is a similar territorial dispute between French Guiana and Brazil, and one of the guerilla leaders has recently been guilty of gross cruelty towards a French pilot who had come into his hands. It is also suggested that there can he no moro talk of tho Anglo-Saxon Federation, with which the world has been threatened. The primary convention of the new diocese cut off from that of Maryland met at St. Andrew's, Washington, on the 4th Bishop Paiet iu the chair. The diocese having been named Washington, tho Bishop intimated his choice of the present see and took leave of the members with rogret.

The Rev. Dr. Elliott was then olected president, and it was resolved to hold the election of Bishop the following day. After eleven ballots, the Rev. Dr.

Satterloe, rector of Calvary Church, New York, was electod on the Gth. The new diocese of Lexington also held its primary council on the 4th. Tho Bishop of Kentucky, from whoso jurisdiction the new see has been taken, was requested to continue in charge of the new diocese till the consocration of a Bishop. After eleven ballots, the Rev. L.

W. Burton, rector of St. Andrew's, Louisville, was chosen Bishop of the new see. The Bishop of Pittsburgh has issued a letter to his clergy warning them against Christmas festivities in which the figure of Christ is obscured by that of Santa Claus. At least he pleads against Christmas trees and distributions of toys in the church itself.

Tho Bishop of Central New York has addressed a communication to the clergy, choirmasters, and choristers of his diocese, through the columns of the diocesan papor, in which he complains of the unseemly and irreverent behaviour of certain church choirs sometimes in the church, more often in the vestry, which he has repeatedly reproved without "Having repeated my I'eproof, my own course is clear. I must do what I can to maintain tho decencies and dignities of divino service. Let it be understood, therefore, that henceforth, rather than be subjected to this abuse, and made an involuntary party to it, I must prepare myself for my devotions in some place detached from the church building, and be convoyed to the front door where other worshippers enter." Thursday the. supplementary credit for Mada- gascir was presented to tho Chamber. In addition to the oi iginally voted is now demanded, part being for barrack and victualling expenses of the garrison till next midsummer.

The Science Franraise states that 765,700 persons in Franco dorivo their income from tho public either iu the shape of salaries or pensions. Iu tho period 1873-93 the number of State functionaries has increasod by 132,000, and tho expense by aro reflecting are the Herald (anti-Jingo Independent) and tho Sun (Democratic anti-Cleveland and Jingo). Tho ono whioh comes out squarely against the Prosidont's policy ia tho World, whioh may bo called Independent Democratic. Its loading articlo is headed A Grave and oos on to President Cleveland's Message to Congress on he Vonezuolan matter is a blunder because it ia based upon a wrong conception, because it is not sustained by international law or usage, and because it places tho United States in a false The next day the Sun fell into lino with Mr. Cleveland's sup- portors, but tho World maintained its opposition.

Inquiries whioh it instituted by telegraph of twenty-eight of the governors of tho forty-live States, show that all but tvro including some of the Relations Oommittoo. provided that tho throo mombors should tiuTrtbuZ be appointed by tho President, with tho advice and oonsout of the attacked the Commission as a prejudging of the question, which debate on tho additional credits for tho African compaign was ooncludod on Thursday. The Premier (Signor Crispi) said he had once again been accused of niegelomauia, and endeavours had been made to throw the responsibility for the Arabalagi affair on him Tho African enterprise was not his work, and he would even have wished for a different African policy, aB he had rosolutoly declared in 1882, on the occasion of the invitation tendered by Great Britain to co-operate with her in crushing the insurrection of Arabi Pasha. However, after 1885, he was obliged to recognise that, since the Italian flag had been hoisted at Assab and Massowah, it was necessary to remain there and to improve the position. The Ucciali Treaty did honour to the policy of Italy, since it gave her the Ethiopian plateau, and it, was possible that Menelek had violated it, because by it he was forbidden to engage in the slave trade.

As far back as last summer the Government had asked General Baratieri what he required to enable him to preserve the fruita of victory, givinir him in this respect the most extensive facilities. Signor CriBpi declared that he had never dreamed of the conquest of Shoa, as that would have been madness. General Baratieri was well aware of the limits defining his sphere of action, and that was, doubtless tho reason why he thought he should not require any reinforoementa. The defeat at Ambalagi could notbe attributed to the Cabinet. For the moment, Signor Crispi asked only for the means of providing for necessities, promising not to allow any expansion, and promising also to insure tho honour of the short, neither cowardioe nor rashness.

(Loud Signor BHn then spoke in support of the following ordor of the day submitted by him The Chamber, disapproving the polioy of expansion followed by the Government in Afrioa, passes to the discussion of the law." Signor Crispi intimated his agreement with a motion presented by 8iguori Torrigiani and Menotti Garibaldi worded as follows "Tno Chamber, confident in the ability of the Government to preserve the prcstiae of our arms to re-establish peace in Africa, and to provide for the future, at the same time, however, recording its opposition to a polioy of expansion, takes note of the declarations of the Government, ana passes to dtbate on the clause8 of the Bill." After a demand had been put forward for the voting on the motion in sections, and not as a whole, 8ignor Crispi deolared that the Government retained entire confidence in General Baratieri. The first portion of the motion down to to provide.