The Inter Ocean from Chicago, Illinois • Page 33

1 shawl-wrapped mother frequently haa clearer and more sensible Ideas of Ihe work done in and for her little ones than does the boulevard mother, or, at least, ao aay the teachers. -w A Bellla-erent. It Is very rarely Indeed, too, that tbe via 'tors from the slums, act in a manner other than the most -respectful and cordial. Occasionally an excited or- a slightly intoxicated -darky ''mammy enters the school domains with tao avowed Intention of "cleaning out the hull or of "bastin' the teacher right good." when a fancied wrong or. injustice has been done to child of her heart and rearing, but such cases are exceedingly rare.

Kittle 3reonan, who has. taught tn the Jones school, situated In tie very heart of the "toughest" neighborhood In the city, standing, as does, on the corner of Harrison street and Plymouth court, for over thirteen consecutive years. says that only once, in all that has she peen called upon to seriously argue witn aa enraged woman. "I pay my an you no right to send jdj boy home to wash him," an excited col ored woman declaimed to her. In this instance.

you no good to my boy. He always kind an' good to me. "Well, then, if he-1 so kind and good to you." replied Miss urennan. arter bearing wltb the woman's abuse until she deemed' it for the sake of the listening pupils. Ao be longer patient, "take btm home with you, and leave the building at once." Two days later the'woman was back again.

anxious to make end such visits are aid to terminate, almost invariably. In a Similar manner. The "alum mothers" realise thoroughly the good Intentions of the teachers and' are quick to show their appreciation of their efforts. In the Jones school, at least. It would no longer be necessary to aend that darky boy home to be washed; the school bathrooms, in which every pupil la allowed a -weekly bath, have done -away with a prolific cause or friction between parent and teacher, Nowadays the teachers are sometimes com pelled to pass by a soiled urchin, apparently because tsey cannot yield to the tacit plea ror an extra plunge into tbe tempt ing Data-tuD.

rsrests' Meetlasrs. Miss Mau4 principal of the Kln- sle school, whlch-Js Just scross the river on La Salle aveauev says that tbe pareats of ber pupils also visit ber occasionally, but not so much as she' would like. "Parents' meet- ngs," something sur the style of the gath- ings which have proved so effective In the Schiller, Perkins Baam. and other schools, are being planned, it Is whispered, for several North Side schools. In the Kozmlnskl school, with Richard' Waterman for nrincl- pal.

such meetings ari already In full awing. "There can be no doubt about the good they do." is Mr. Waterman's opinion. "I do not know that a parents' -meeting which would embrace all grades would be so effective, because the members of Such a gathering would have but the one fact of their children attending tbe same school in common, but the meetings of those. parents whose children are In the same grade or room are Invaluable.

We are making quits feature of them now, end Intend to keep a doing so. Too much cannot be said la tavor of Intelligent parental visitation. In my opinion Tbe Kozmlnskl school. It will be remem bered, is tbe school which the housework and cooking is being tried at present. The workers st this school, which Mr.

Waterman earnestly declares Is endesver-rng to be not "a mere teaching machine, but an institution." strongly favor parental vis as they do all. other precreaalve ideas along the line of their labors. Miss Edith Nelson. late president of tbe Tcachera club. and a grade teacher at the Kozmlnskl hall of learning, thinks that it would be absolutely AW Impossible to overrate the effect of better understanding between tbe parents and teach ers of the public school she exclaimed, enthusiastically.

her face glowing with the recollection of her last parents' meeting." "those fathers and mothers brougnrout.tbe very ldeaa we want-, ed them to discus; and which bad la mind. I wish every school In the city might have a series of such meetings." And al most every teaches buestloned expressed like laeas in inisregara.j Do I believe. that Chicago fathera anl mothers ought te visit the schools?" counter-questioned Mr; A. '8. Trude of the school board, meditatively.

"Why, certainly I do. I don't do It very often myself. It is true, but believe It ouglt to be done. How? Oh. Just as Indlvldsals -fed Inclined.

I think more visiting, however done, would be better for all concerned, however. I am decidedly in favor of It." The discussion of the school visit threat ens to speedily die of Inanition, in fact, so universal seems te be the sentiment which approves the parental visit. That ths opportunities ef naughty, careless. or disobedient children te annoy or cause trouble for their teachers would certainly be greatly lessened It they never knew at what moment father and mother might appearand see for themselves just how young people were behaving. Instead ef merely receiving reports of any ill-doing la a frequently expressed opinion.

Teachers would be misjudged less frequently, and -matters would be straightened out la all ways." "Ths casual visit repeated a principal prominent la school work. ''Well. I hardly know about that.1 'I think the parents would certainly understand the work of the school and the teachers better, but I am not so certain about the effect upon the children. How would such visits affect the class They wftuld have as effect at all. The work of the session would go on unhindered." Old-Tlsse In this statement, which would seem to be true of most of Chicago's schoolrooms.

Ikes the great difference between the Instruction methods of the past and present generations; Not so many years' age the father or mother who visited the school in which his child was being educated was very likely to be delighted with the spectacle of his or her darling being systematically- "shown he sr she was requested to speak to the "children, at all events, and a Impromptu pro gramme Nowadays, despite the occasional coafeation of an old-fashioned grade teacher that a mild version of thia Idea Is still exploited enee ia a while, sueh occurrences are very rare. In some schools ths rules which forbid visitors to talk to teachers or pupils, to ell how they used to be taught." as a witty grade teacher recently suggested, are exceedingly strict. The visitor looks on, snd looks on merely. Only when very distinguished or famous in some wsy is the caller lnrlfed to take other than a silent pert in the proceedings, and then only at the request ef the school principal. And this rule holds good even to-ths tiny visitors who alternately amuse- as plagae tbe-teachers in certain districts.

In those localities where the public school Is sll that the neighborhood knows at that clean-linesa which-is both beauty and godliness ia tbe eyes ef the earrounding San vis iter are numerous tnssssv I 4. 9- HMMiiwimmmm CONTAIMm -S Editorial Pagei ra mmMtm yOJj. NO. 298. CIIICAGO, 8TIN1AY, JjysrUAJUSt 16, 1808.

FORTY PAGES. PAGES 33 TO 40. i 1 BOGUS MONEY IN USE Makers of Bad Bills Show a Skill "Worthy of a Better Cause. THEIR ART IS GROWING Fine "Work of thin New $100 Silver Note Passed in aaoff the Fiarai rarer aad the Bis; Jobs They Hare Beem Implicated la. Perhapa the greatest tribute ever paid to the counterfeiters' art la this Tlcinity was the practical calling in sereral day ago by the Treasury Department of the entire new Issue $100 silver certificates.

It amounts to a confession on the part of the government that the counterfeiter has almost caught up STVEN THE PEDDLERS ARE 8USPICIOUS. with it, and that it is practically impossible to turn out a bank note or silver certificate that cannot be copied well enough to Insure to the counterfeiters extensive circulation before detection. The counterfeit it a splendid piece of work, and even a careful examination by one not an expert will not bring out its defects. To detect it a man must be thoroughly familiar with the genuine bill. The workmanship of the counterfeit is almost perfect, and there is no crude engraving to catch the eye, a in moat counterfeits.

It is impossible to estimate at the present time the number of these bogus bills that have been passed for they bave been worked off indifferent parts of the country simultaneously. They appeared in Phll-- adelphla, Chicago, and El. Louis at the same time, and a little later began to come to light in Michigan and Pennsylvania. It would appear ttoat they were accepted without hesitation when presented. one raise 4 (he slightest question as to their genuineness until one of them fell into the hands of a man who Is supposed to know a counterfeit without seeing It.

When the treasury employe whose touch or instinct warned him the he' was- bandiing a counterfeit looked at it, he was ready to make oath that for once in his life his skill had gone back on him. The wonderful workmanship, the quality of the paper, and the threading, gave the bill an appearance of genuineness that was startling. Featares of Bosraa Bills. A man who baa made a study of counterfeits aaid to ao Inter Ocean reporter the other day that this latest one has a quality rarely possessed by bad money. The moce closely it is examined the better It looks.

Aa a rule, counterfeits cannot stand very close and careful examinations txosn an expert? but the new stiver certificate makes a better shewing after It has been examined a few moment than It does when it Is first looked at. Its general appearance Is almost perfect, a thing hard to believe after reading a list of the defects picked out by the treasury officials and sent broadcast In the land as a warning to bank-era, merchants, and others. Once an expert, with his knowledge of all the thousand and one little points about the genuine becomes satisfied that a bill ia a counterfeit, he can speedily pick out for the Information of the general public, a dozen or more flaws by which the counterfeit can be distinguished from the genuine. Hence the long list of defects wblch baa been sent out as a warning against the new counterfeit. It may be well to state at the very outset that the treasury expert who prepared the list of flaws made one serious mistake.

He says In the printed warning that the "Washington" is not crossed. The la crossed, although In some of the counterfeits the line Is very faint and scarcely discernible without a glass. On the other hand, others of the counterfeits show no signs of this, flaw at all, and the "T'a" are aa well crossed aa BARTENDERS INSPECT TWE1W BILLS. those In the original bill. For the purpose Of comparison the bill from which the warning sent oat was prepared was studied alongside of several other counterfeits of the same Issue.

A Errors la the Art Work. They were-found to be exactly similar in good points as well as bad points, excepting In the matter of the No cross could be keen itr the government bill, with the naked An ordinary magnifying glass failed to reveal but under a powerful glass the 11ns showed up distinctly. It Is a safe as sumption after this to aay that -the in the word "Washington" Is crossed in ail the counterfeits. The main fault with the bill is the portrait, of James Monroe. It Is an excellent facsimile of the one on the genuine bill, and not one maa In a thousand would detect any difference unless his attention was called to It.

The defects are ef the most Insignificant character. In the genuine note the cheek bones of the Fresident are pronounced. In the counterfeit the engraver has made aa jssTort to give the same effect in his copy. sssisa. but ui only partially succeeded.

The left cheek bone la not risible at all, while the right la brought out a little, not ao much aa in me genuine note. The result of this Is to aire Monroe's face the appearance of being long and thin. This la the first impression one gets after looking at the picture, but at each suecesslTe glance the face seems better and less different from the original. In the hair, too, there is faulty work. In the genuine bill the hair is brushed straight back, and, despite the angle at which the head Is set, the hair on the left aide can be seen as well aa that on -the right.

The fine lines can be distinctly made out with the naked eye on the sides and top. la the coun terfoil the hair is not drawn with lines, but is solid work, and none can-be seen on the left side. It is clearly shaded, howeTer, and locks remarkably like the original. The hair is worst -on top of the It runs into the background, while on the genuine bill It stands out in relief. It la the faulty picture which has bad more to do with the detection of counterfeits than anything else.

An officer of the United States secret serrice, when asked to explain this almost universal defect In counterfeits, said: "Remember In the first place that the coun- i tuaJ manufacture of bogus money as he can get along with. The 'shovers rarely know who la making the money, or where it Is made, so they can be engaged without number. But the makers are at the mercy of one another, so the fewer In charge the bet ter. So it rarely happens that more than. one engraver is in a gang.

Now, it Is a fact that the figure and letter engraver, no matter how skillful he may be, cannot do perfect portrait work. Neither can the portrait engraver do perfect line work. Each excels In his own specialty. In the making of a counterfeit note there la about ten times as much line work to do aa there la portrait work, so that the engraver who Is in a counterfeiting gang Is almost Invariably a figure and letter man. He doea perfect work In hla line, but he can't do the portrait work, hence the faulty pictures in all counterfeits.

Ferfeet Counterfeits Isaposslble. "Now the government haa a staff of engravers, the best to be found in the land. They have specialists for the portrait work and specialists for the letter and number work, so that the American bank note la a model of engraving. Some of these days an expert portrait man la going to get In with an expert letter and number man, and then we're going to have trouble. One satisfaction is that it's never going to be possible to make a perfect counterfeit, and no matter hew good the note may be, it cannot go undetected for long.

In several accounts of the new $100 counterfeit published, it has been stated that it was trade by a photographic process. Thia ia not so. It Is aa engraved note, printed from a metal plate. The faulu In the bill, outside of those in the picture, are few. The name "James" ia different from that in the' genuine bill only in the size of the loop.

There Is a full loop in the genuine, while It Is scarcely more than an "Li" twined around in the logua. The name "James Monroe" la In letters so minute, that this la scarcely noticeable, even when one ia making comparisons. The plate from wblch the bill Is printed Is a quarter of an inch short, and the seal of the gcvernment is of a lighter shade of carmine than the genuine. That about winds up the faults of the counterfeit. The lettering, numbering, parallel ruling, and lathe work are pretty nearly perfect The result of the Hlteoovery of this counterfeit is astonishing.

Banks and business houses decline to take $100 silver certificates or the new issue. It was recorded In the newspapers several days ago that a man in lacing his money in a wager down South ottered the stakeholder $1,000 In $100 silver certificates. Both the stskeholder and the other bettor objected to the money because "there are so many counterfeits of that iasuc that no one but an expert can tell the difference." The maa had to send to Washington to bave his $100 bills changed, because the local banks and business bouses refused to haudle Methods ef the -The new $100 counterfeit and the $5 counter feit mentioned are both made in the same way. Two pieces of paper made only In Japan are used. They are printed separately, one being used for the back, tbe other for the front.

Bits of fine spool silk are scattered on tbe blank side of one piece, the other piece is carefully placed over it, and then the whole is subjected to very heavy pressure. When taken out and trimmed the notes make, ao far as tbe paper is concerned, very dangerous counterfeits. Toe principal man In the gang which was turning out the $5 silver certificates was captured a short time ago, and 'with him the lithographing stones which were used to color the counterfeits. The reat of thf plant was destroyed before the secret-service man could seize It, and the rest of Ihe gang escaped. The most Interesting counterfeits ever discovered in this country were the $10.

$20, $50. and $100 treasury notes worked out with pen and Ink by Emmanuel Ninger. These notes are marvels of skill, and for a loog time the secret service officers were unable to get the slightest clew to tbe maker of the bills. As counterfeits go they are not very good, because, being made entirely by band. It was net possible to keep defeats out.

They have the advantage cf looking as good aa genuine bills st a casual glance. But they will not bear close inspection. Ninger passed a great many of theec bills, but never matte much money out of it, because It took him ao long to make them. It has always been a mystery why Ninger devoted himself to counterfeiting. The work be did was of a remarkable character, but with the greatest industry he couldn't write out more than one bill every two weeks.

He was living almost in poverty at Flagtown. N. when his skill might have made a good living for him In an honest The Ninger counterfeits were all -done on poor paper. Niager wasn't up to date in the matter of paper as other counterfeiters. He hadn't heard of the process of Imitating Crane's patent fiber pa per with silk thread and Japanese paper.

He made scratches In blue and red ink In Imitation of silk. Tbe counterfeits mentioned Above are all of comparatively recent production. Soma of the older counterfeits are Just aa good, far aa workmanship Is concerned, but they are done on an inferior quality of paper. No finer piece of engraving was ever turned out than tbe $100 national bank note, which the veteran William E. Brockway end his pal.

Charles Smith, produced some years ago. There were fewer mistakes in this bill than In any other counterfeit -ever made, a tact which was partly responsible for the capture of the who made it When. compared l-with the genuine bill, from which it was cop- led. It was Impossible to detect any difference, save in tbe quality of the paper. A few little Daws can be noticed, however, when one has an expert to pick them out.

Aa latereatiae Bit of Behind this counterfeit is an. ltneresting story. At the time the genuine note was issued the American Bank Note company was doing work for the Bmlth was the Ssjad engraver of the company and he made tbe plate from which the genuine $100 national bank note of that Issue was printed. Smith was an honest. Industrious man 'and lived in Brooklyn with his family.

He had for a neighbor a Captain Spencer, said to be a seafaring man. Captain Spencer was no other than Brockway, and Brockway moved into Smith's neighborhood with a -deliberate intention of corrupting him. He succeeded, and for weeks Smith worked on a counterfeit plate. He naturally made as good a plate for Brockway as he had made for the government, and when the bills were printed there was little difficulty In passing thenk A. L.

Drummond, then chief of the secret service, suspected Brockway, but knew that the ok man had not' made the. plate. Brockway unconsciously led Drummond to Smith, and the detective recognised Smith as he head engraver of the American Bank Note company. A few days later there waa a raid on smiin i House, tne plant waa round la the cellar, and Smith and Brockway were nested, y-V. v.

VISITING OF SCHOOLS Do Chicago Parents Fulfill of Their Chief Duties? One THE TEACHERS SAY COME Intelligent Visitation Pronounced a Boon to Instruction. Beaefleeat lastltatlaa Is Arlslar la go-Called Pareats Meetings Types of It your children. are tn a Cchlcago pub to scliool when did you, aa a parent, solicitous for: their Welfare, last visit the institution tliat la trying to majce good men and women or xnemr Didn't know you were wanted? Why. in deed, you are, although, of course, there are RAO-TAG VISITORS WHO WATCH THE CAME OF. EDUCATION.

some who contend that the parent who visits his er ber children at school Is no great help to their teachers. However, a canvass of the people who are supposed to know what they want discloses a sincere dealre that the in telligent parent and the intelligent teacher shall meet in that place where each has put Ms heart. From the superintendent of schools down to the youngest and leaat experienced grade teacner me aesire lor more pireouu Tuning seems to be strongly held. Superintendent Albert O. Lane, bead of the public school system In Chicago, declares himself as enthusiastically In favor of "Intelligent visitation." The Parent with Consplatat.

"If the right kind of parents would visit the schools good results would unfailingly follow, of that I am sure." he said. In speaking of tbe subject, "but I am afraid that many of the parents of cur children only visit the schools at present when the young people have got Into trouble, and It la necessary to get them out of it. or when they have some complaint to make. Now. thla should not be.

Our teachers, especially the more progressive and earnest among them, are always trying to bring about the co-ope ratlou of the parents of their charges, and the "parents' meetings" and receptions which bave been regularly held at many schools of late have done much good. Yes. I believe that no small amount of good might be done If the parents would visit intelligently and in a friendly spirit." "The pareats do visit In my district." said Albert K. 8abin. the assistant superintendent, whose district lies between Harrison street nd the river on the West Side, "and especially is this true in There tbe mothers, especially, take great interest in the schools and the work of the teachers, and are fond of dropping in upon the latter in a most delightful way.

I think -that thia.matter of visiting varies greatly In different neighborhoods, however." Mr. James Hannan, whose district lies Just beyond that of Mr. Sabtn, confirmed this statement. In some of the schools under his charge the parenta visit a great deal; In others not at alL Other division superintendents talked about the same way. The fashionable districts of the North and South Sides, and tbe neighborhoods la -which the schools are the only bright spots In a great area of surrounding dinglness.

seems to lead In the matter of parental visiting. Theae Do the Vtaltlasr. "The loclaPlnstlnct is more strongly developed in the people of lb two classes who dwell in these opposite localities, I suppose," remarked the principal of an unusually well placed school; "the fashionable women have the calling Instinct firmly ingrained. I fancy, and the unfashionable women who visit the teachers of their children are also accustomed to be sociable, although in a somewhat different manner. -1 have bad the care of exhools In both neighborhoods, so that I know BER BOYS HAD BEEN 8 EXT BOMS TO WASH.

whereof I apeak, and the tenement-bouse mother shares wftb her boulevard sister the Jiablt of 11 ling the public schools. The moderately circumstanced mothers visit very little: tbe fathers not st alL Professional men do far more scnool visiting than those of any other class." All of these people, teachers and principals ray. are welcome to the schoolrooms of Chicago. The society woman who pontes in her well-appointed carriage leaves her card upon the principal's desk, languidly inspects tbe class work, and graciously- remarks, in departing, that-the ehtldren and methods are "so Interesting, you know," is' just as cordially welcomed aa the Italian or Bohemian mother who throws a ebawl over her "bead and alipa into tbe great brick-Vulldln which inspires Her with such awe and reverence ef Abe city which can build such grand edllloes the oansatlon of her children. And the WOMAN AND THE BIRD Fashion's Cruel Decree Dooms the Songster to Extinction.

-4 MURDER IS EVER GROWING 'Wearers of Fancy Bonnets Insist Upon Having Fancy Plumes. Amdahem Societies raahle to Step the Sloasrhter Dene Is the Hasao Women are now wearing mere birds, featb era. and wings on their hats tban ever before. This will probably be discouraging news for ths members of the Audubon society, and', in deedt to all lovers of birds. The society baa been agitating ita theories for a year, but somehow these theories haven't taken very deep hold on the proverbially tender heart of riKC FEATHERS MAKE FIVE HATS.

womankind. Women are queer creatures. They are great reformers and go la for all sorts of reforms, so Ions as the reforms do not affect their personal appearance. "About nine hundred and- ninety -nine future generations will have passed away before woman's true spirit of righteousness overcomes her some men say. Of course, such critics are mortly crusty eld bachelors: but even If they are half way right, dealers In feathers and birds will not havs to go out of business very soon.

Women gather by hundreds to discuss the complexities of- life, and their beads form aa ornithological exhibit that would do credit to museum of natural history. Sorosis com placently discusses for hours st a time wheth er America hat or has not formed a distinc tive school of literature while her three or four hundred members aod their heads, bedecked with aigrette. bird of paradise, owls, teres, sea gulls, and what not of the feathered" tribe, approvingly These women never stop to consider that the question in bond will settle itself and that they, by con eerted action, might be tbe means ef stepping America from tailing Into the condition of a country without song birds. The members st the Rsiny Day club curtail their skirts and reform their footgear, but It never seems to occur to tbem that -they could at the came time reform their headgear, stripping It of plumage, which represents the loss of millions lives. Political societies and dubs debate at length the restriction ef Immigration, the tariff bill, tbe effect of wealth upon society, tbe annexation of Hawaii, the attitude of the government toward Cuba, and such question when they could do ths country a deal more practical good by making an effort to protect bird life In order to further agri cultural pursuit.

It baa been estimated that birds save to agriculture alone annually more than $100.000,00 In the United Statea. One thing only will atop the destruction of bird life. That. isn't the influence which goes forth fronv the varioua Audubon societies throughout the country, though it has set tbe ball In' motion. It is woman influence.

She' has "but to show disapprobation and millions of birds will be spared every year. More, and more women every day-are refusing to wear birds on their hats on the ground of humanity, but they are comparatively few in numbers and little can he expected from Individuals In changing fash ion a. diptafea, Concerted action ia needed. and ao far it haa not come. One haa only to look at ths bate and bonnets on tbe heads of women one pasaea In a walk down Michigan avenue or State street to see this for one 'If.

i w. 4 Mllllaerr Desam4 Is GrowlagV. -Whn a buyer for one of tbe largest millin ery establishments In this city was asked to state the exact facts of the effect' of tbe Audubon society's crusade she said: "I don't know whether tbe Audubon society la responsible for It or not. but one thing is certain, and that la that more fancy birds and feathers are being used la millinery now than have been used la eight or nine years. The Indications ere that even more will be used nsxt year.

However, there la a sentl- SOME OF THE WORST OFFENDER 8. meet aglanst the fashion, for frequently a customer comes In and says that she will not wear an aigrette or any kind of wings or plumsge except those of domesticated birds. Nine times out of ten shs selects the breast 1 or wings of some bird that was wild when' killed, haa it put on her hat, and goes away i sansneo. ens does not ask ua what the ornament Is. and we do not take It on ourselves to enlighten for we- would-only lose a sale for our pa In a.

The only anti-bird wear-era that, we really dread are the women who oppose wearing birds on moral grounds. They will not look at anything except ostrich feathers snd wings and feathers that they sea eansM halAMa kll. T7 sss awiu vivus vwunflUill.rA IMI US. tunately for the feather dealers, and ua for tunately for the world at large, such women are rare. 4IPheaaanta are mors used than any other Diras uus season, and I'm sure there eaa be no barm ia wearing them.

The men who sell the birds to the hotels and restaurants sell the-akins to dealers in feathers, so the birds sre not' killed primarily for their plumage. arrets are also used in enormous quan titles. They come from South America, and are nearly all dyed blacks Sea gulls, owls, terns, birds of paradise, and bumming birds are always more in demand than anything else, for they are not only worn on hats and but they are also extensively used In dressing the hair. We buy aigrettes by tbe ounce, by tbe bunch, by the dozen, and, in short, id every conceivable It would be impossible to give you any statistics of our purchases and aalee in birds and feathers offhand, but we bave bought and sold them, not by hundreds, but by thousands, snd ours is only one of many houses in this city that deal largely la millinery. Flaaaasre ef -Food Birds.

"These people who harp on the cruelty of the fashion of using birds for millinery purposes are narrow minded. If this fashion should suddenly be wiped out, think pf the thousands and tea thousands of persons who would be left without employment. About half the fancy birds 'used are made of the plumage of birds and fowla killed for food. I know thia, because I have been In this business a great many years, and bave been In London and Paris many times to, buy for wholesale dealers. The feathers of the domesticated birds are first dipped in a very strong solution which bleacbea them almost white.

Then they are dyed and they take all colors beautifully. too, and are made id sre made and dye the up Into birds. Men prepare plumage, and women make it up. The reason we import so many of our birds and feathers is that the French lead the world in the art of dyeing, and making them up. Feathers are like heads of hair; no two take dye alike.

They have to be carefully selected for dye ing purposes. There seems to be something in French water favorable to dyeing feathers, and In no country in the world can such beautiful gloss and shine be given to black ostrich plumes -snd tips. 'All of these aigrettes, owls, gulls, snd terns yon see In the cases were killed in this country: the skins were sold te London dealers and purchased from them by the French, whe prepared them. and we imported our own birds from Paris. It will be a long time.

I women give up fancy birds and feathers." Another buyer for a large concern seidi "There ia a perfect fad for wearing birds and feathers among It amounts almost to a erase. Nearly every day. however, a woman or two cornea In who refuses to wear anything except ostrich feathers: but such women do not hurt the business, for they are too few and rar between. we import nearly our entire stock of birds, snd I vol to tell yon frankly that very, very few of the thousands and thousands of birds win as and feathers that we sell are from domesti cated birds. They are wild birds that come from all parts of tbe world.

I do not believe in denying that fact, though I see no harm Hi women wearing These people who op pose the fashion are a lot of folks who have nothing to do. and they must and sometmce. So they rant about killing the birds for their feathers, it Isn't likely that they will hurt the business much, for waving plumes and soft, fluffy birds and stiff winga are too be coming to the average womaa.2- Mr. Harriet Beecher Stowe once When -you get Into a tight place and every thing goes against you. till It seems aa if you could bold on minute longer, never give up then, for that is Just the place and lime the tide will turn." snd she found oc casion to repeat it The Audubon society finds itself in the tiaht place, so far as.

this bird and feather fashion is concerned. but the members are confidently holding oo to their principles and work, for thee believe, that the tide Is about to They are cbnvlbeedthat tbe "destruction ef birds for thediafiguremeat "of. women's beads' has about reached the. too notch. They do net claim that it will abate perceptibly very sooi, ror this cannot be expected when some leata-rs sell for more than their weight in gold.

Work of Asisss Societies "It Is impossible to tell Just what Influent ihe York of the Audubon society has had upon the public." said a man high in the Cornells of the society. "We try to stop tbe wholesale distraction of birds by creating a sentiment against the fashions of wearing all except the feathers of the ostrich and domesticated fowls for ornamentation. Sentiment cannot be meas ured, but our society has grown steadily, snd we take that as a good indication of interest in the work. Then, too. frequent requests are coming from women's clubs for talks on birds and their- destruction.

-This la a straw show ing which way the wind tends. The Audubon society would like to impress cn women the fact that they can get infinite variety in color and form In 'the plumage of birds and fowls killed primarily for food. We hear a great deal of talk about the thousands of people who would be thrown out of employment-if women would stop wearing birds and eat hers. The restriction of feathers to those of domesticated birds would result in a greatly Increased industry, because they would re quire so much more treat men tin the way ef preparation, dyeing, and making up. Owla are also very fashionable now, and they are among our most useful birds, be cause their food consists of animals Injurious to agriculture.

The three kinds of owls srost worn sre the barred or hjot owl. the barn owl. and the short-eared owl. and they are all found in thia vicinity. Some of them are forty Inches across their outstretched wings and twenty Inches In length.

Anybody can understand why a woman wants to wear the graceful algrefte of a beautiful colorad bird, but why a woman wants to set an owl, bead, claws, snd all. of such dimensions cn her head is rest finding out. and yet many do it- Owls swallow mice whole A pair of these birds retted In the tower of tbe Smithsonian insti tution in Washington. About the nest was found 100 pellets, containing the skulls of 464 small mammals, of which 225 were skull of destructive field or meadow mice. Perhaps If woccn knew that owls were so destructive to the enemy of women, the mouse, they would not countenance tfte killing of them to ornament their hats.

"Ths a hols trouble lies in the fact, I believe and hope, that women are Ignorant concerning the real use of birds to BlgTalae ef Peatkers. 7 We can hardly expect the destruction of birds to stop when the feathers of some bring their weight In gold. According to the Daily Mail the chief feather brokers in London re cently- offered tbe following for ealo at auc- tion: Parrot 120.200; kummiax biras." M.S0Q: birds of paradise. 6.900; creeper and 4.700: Jays. 6,400: pigeons.

owls. 1.200; kingfishers. 900; tmpeyan pheas ants. 900; trejan. 600; magpies.

600: hawks: 600; cocks of the rock and of the Jungle, 600; ethers, unnamed. 16.900. The aigrette feath ers at thla sale alone comprised 148 lots, ranging from 25 ounces each downward. It was the ospreys. which Is merely the trade name for aigrettes, that excited the keenest Com petition.

Unfortunately for the herons, they sre aristocrats of feathered creation. The greatest number of the lots told st this auction brought more than 1 an ounce; many sold at 11 10 shillings and upward, while-the highest price paid per ounce was 4 10 shillings. This price did not break the record, however, for recently at another tale a choice South American variety of aigrettes brought 6 an ounce. These feathers, it should be explained, are not" 'dusted, and as they lose in weight by that process tbe actual cost to tbe purchaser is higher than the figures named. Next In value to the aigrette came the birds of paradise, certain of the eklns bringing 1 each.

The parrots didn't prove such good seller. The beat of them were sold for a few pence, and there Is something ssddenlag In the fact that 240 of these Innocent feathered creatures were ruthlessly killed in their tropical homes to be sold at the Vate of 1 penny each." The IMaa-et Keptaae. I A determlBation ef Professor Barnard with tbe Llik telescope place the diameter of N- tuae at- S2.90O miles from J.W to 4.S0 mile Use tbaa ia staled ia most text books. "GOVERNOR'S HOUSE" Illinois' Executi-ae Mansion Dux ins Its Forty-Odd Years. AT LAST WORTHY ITS USB Its Timely Redemption from Condition of a Literal Sahstaatlal aad Artlatle Isaprowo sweats the Governor, Mrs.

Tanaer, mm Legislatare Have Wreoght. Kpaelal Correspoadrae of The Inter Oocaa. SPRINGFIELD, Jan. 14. The state manor-bouse the Springfield borne, of the) Governor of Illinois which has so long been "mansion in naste only, haa at last bee rescued from decayand resurrected Into life.

By a process of repairing that was all but rebuilding the old house has been made a habit able and healthful home, and by the ruid- AAA hf mwt i.t I. I i i I ujc imor I bn given harmonious beauty In decorat ing and furnishing. In its day, forty years ago. the mansion was the pride of Springfield, a dignified and pretentious building, considered a fit resldeaeo fcr the Governor of a great state with a million inhabitants and several miles of railroads, but as the state advanced la wealth as greatness its manor-house retrograded, an- til the third state in the Union had the forty- third executive residence. -While the els) colonial pile haa always maintained its en--gaging outward appearance it haa for maay years let concealment, like a worm ths bed, feed on its vitals concealment of things decaying, consuming, disintegrating, steneey, because of a bad roof and worse interior drain plpoe.

It has been a consumptive patient, without treatment, for the past thirty years, at least. Repair of ita exterior began with the Legislature fit 1866, when an appropriation cf 16.000 was made for repairs. At that time the roof waa patched, and It has beem patched at various times since. It is probable that tbe plumbing and drain pipes sickened at -about tbe same time, for the condition of the bouse last summer Indicated the presence of an insidious disease of long Blending. 'x: rorty-Rlve Tears Ante.

The. "Governor's bouse." as it waa originally called, was built during the administration of Governor Matteson, between the years 1S5S and 1856.. Matteson was a Democrat. and a man of wealth and taste. While his wealth was acquired by means that finally got him into trouble in the courts, he was a hospitable gentleman.

His wife was a most lovable woman, and no more popular couple ever lived in Springfield. The Springfield -historians say that Matteson built the Governor's house out cf his own funds, and that-; -the state repaid him later. This is partly true. The Legislature paid for building and furnishing the. house in three appropriations, during four years.

When tbe first appropriation was exhausted, it is probable that Governor Matteson advanced the funds ncos-sary. to continue tbe building work. The state auditor's reports show that the first expenditure of public money for a Governor's Mtouse was appropriated by the Assembly of uovernor. auditor; and treasurer a commission to. carry out 'tao the 16.000 provided, S4.600 was spent for the site a city block of about five acres and J10.4S9.TS -for labor and ms'e rial." The auditor's report show.

the head; of eontlnaent fund for 1SS4. an item of 15.000 paid to E. Moore, "for contingent fund, to be used in building the Governor's Moore was a state officer' and one of Matteson's henchmen. The Assembly of 1S53 appropriated 115,967.26 for "labor and material." The oantingent -fund for 1856 show an item of "to defray debt in part made by construction of Governor's house," and the same fund for 1866 shows an item of- $2,600, paid "to John Moore for contingent fund, to be used la completing Governor's Three small items of expense on the house, in this fuse. -aggregate 66S.

The Legislature of 186? appro- -prlated lz.5e6.6 "for labor and material in completing tbe Governor's house." From these figures it appears that the site and fin- ished house cost I5Z.611.S6. but ita actual cost may have been from 16,000 to $8,000 less-thsn this sum. There are no means of determining the cost of the house nor the actual cost of its maintenance down to 1873.. The auditor's reports, down to 1873. show items of expense under the head of "Governor's contingent fund." charged to the repair or maintenance of the Governor's bouse, which were.

In truth, chargeable to the Governor's-salary. And -the appropriations for the maintenance of the house were supposed to contain an average of $4,000 per year for the Governor's salary. The constitution of 184S fixed the Governor'a salary at $1,600 per year, which waa increased to $6,000 by tbe constitution of 1870. To dip a little into ancient history, the members of -the constitutional convention of 1848 deter- -mined the Governor's salary by the testimony of ex-Governor Mirian Edwards, a scholarly gentleman who was believed to live in the best style, and who had been the leader of capital society from 1826 to 1830. The' members of the convention, granting -that they were, by a large majority, "plugs," from a social standpoint, and desiring to provide for future Governors sufficient salary to properly maintain a gentleman, called, upon a recognized gentleman and high-liver to fix She price at which a real Illinois "blood could -exist In the most approved fashion.

In a speech before the convention ex -Governor Edwards stated that a gentleman could, live well in Springfield, entertain his friends, and maintain a carriage en $1,200 per year. The constitution -makers, with a hope, perhaps, of being Governors themselves, raised. the estimate $300. The convention did not know that it had accepted aa a Judge of hew a Governor should live a maa from- whoso table tbe Syrophoeniciaa woman could never havs got aa Idea on crumbs. Howaehol ExsesHi.

-V The state has' always pal-I the Governor'a household expenses, except for the table. these expenses Including fuel, light, servants hire, furnishings of all descriptions, and the care and maintenance ef the grounds and From 1848 to 1873 the Assemblies never granted that $1,600 per year waa sufficient salary for the Governor, and they al- -ways figured on his getting about $4,000 per year out of the contingent fund and the appropriations for the maintenance of the mansion. The constitution of 1848 was generally observed by the breach of Ita provision, and -the matter of the Governor's salary was but an Incident. Thus it Is probable that the Governor's house did not cost la "labor and material" what the auditors' reports show. At the close of Matteson's administration there had been expended on the house aad site $43,027.07.

above $9,000 of which appears la tbe auditor sccounts under the head of "Governor's contingent fund." Itlspossiblethat the cost was $52,000, but it Is probable that It was nearer $40,000. and in either ease tbe will of the people, through their representatives, was expressed. Governor Mattexon lived In thehouseoearly all of the last two years of his term 1856-67. One of la daughters was married la the house to Mr. John McGlnnlss, and both are now living In Europe.

Matteson waa succeeded by Governor Bis- sell in 1867, who died in the house during ths as.1 a. I in. 1 1 II a "ewe umu tne coming ei uovernor ates in 1861. Lieutenant Governor John Wood. who succeeded Biasell.

lived at a hotel. At -v.