The Dispatch from Moline, Illinois • 4

North Vietnam's Desertions Rise Em Mil0 MONDAY, JULY 10. 197 jp ii nail (Dim 7 ror Convention Will Say Who's Right mi NOVAK tVANfc So it can be said that both sides are right: Daley's delegate selection process did violate party rules but did conform to state law. Likewise, it was in conformance IStA" s3S The donnybrook over the California delegation to the Democratic National Convention and over Mayor Daley and 58 other uncommitted Chicago delegates involves such a tangle of party rules and state statutes that lawyers could stay up all night arguing the merits. Mayor Daley's group is charged by its challengers with violating the party's guidelines requiring that delegate candidates be selected at well publicized public meetings and that they represent blacks, women, young persons and Spanish speaking Americans in proportion to their numbers in the general population. Daley Co.

by implication plead guilty to these violations, but assert that it doesn't matter because these and other party rules have no standing under Illinois law and because the Daley delegates were duly elected in the primary according to law. AMA On Pot The recent 121st annual convention of the American Medical Association's House of Delegates in San Francisco modified in some degree the stand taken on the marijuana issue at a similar meeting three years ago. Previously, the AMA voted unequivocally against legalization of HOW) IT, msm, MM tTif A flc6WaW OBltSAK! Analyzing Those Loopholes with California state law that that state's entire national convention delegation of 271 persons should go to the winner of its presidential primary, Sen. George McGovern. Further, California's winner take all law did not specifically violate party guidelines, since these guidelines "urged" rather than "required" a state's delegation to be proportionally distributed among candidates according to the primary vote.

But the anti McGovern forces have been insisting in effect that the win-ner-take-all law in California violates the spirit of party guidelines and that therefore at least 151 of the California delegates should be taken away from McGovern and assigned to other candidates. Now that the U.S. Supreme Court has declined to enter this thicket to resolve the issues definitively, it all comes down to a decision by Democratic National Convention itself. And with the courts out of the picture, members of the convention have full authority to what's right and wrong in the credentials dispute, and whom shall be seated, under what terms. Just as state legislatures are free to disregard a party's rules and determine by statute how convention delegates are to be chosen, so the party conventions are free to disregard state laws in passing on delegates' credentials.

So that's the way it is, and when the credentials decisions are made in Miami Beach, the legal niceties will be ignored as the McGovern and anti-McGovern forces fight it out in terms of pure political power. By ROWLAND EVANS AND ROBERT NOVAK WASHINGTON The melting away of a North Vietnamese regular army unit in combat near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) separating North and South Vietnam has been scrutinized in high government circles here as an event of potentially major significance both militarily and politically. The unit, a antiaircraft artillery battalion, has been reduced in strength more than 40 per cent by casualties and desertion in recent weeks. The desertion has raised official eyebrows in Washington. Hard intelligence information shows that nearly one fourth of the battalion, more than 50 men, have deserted since June 1.

Until now, mass desertion lias been a stranger to the ideologically committed legions of Hanoi, whereas the South Vietnamese army (AKVN) has been plagued for years by scandalously high desertion rates. But in the recent weeks of Hanoi's failing offensive, there are repeated instances of North Vietnamese troops on the northern front throwing down their arms and returning over the DMZ to go home a trend shown in exaggerated form by the vanishing antiaircraft artillery battalion. The rising desertion rate sets a pattern indicating the North Vietnamese army is not what it used to be. Apart from recent headlines telling of Communist troops turning and running under bombing attack, the last few weeks have seen something new and startling: North Vietnamese regulars running away from ARVN infantry attacks. Supply Problems Add this decline to monumental supply problems now encountered by Hanoi and the possibility of a major Communist offensive this autumn becomes remote indeed.

Moreover, the realization that the Communist regulars run from trouble and even desert (just as ARVN troops do) is a tonic for ARVN morale. Reliable U.S. advisers report crack ARVN units in the present Quang i counteroffensive actually show a zest for engaging the enemy. The impact in Washington could be even more significant. War critics here have long pointed to the ferocity of the Communist soldier and the docility of the ARVN trooper as proof that Hanoi's troops represent a real nation and Saigon's only a corrupt regime.

But that dubious logic i demolished by the 1972 military campaign, where both sides have had their share ignominious retreat and courageous advance. The diminishing North Vietnamese reputation as the Prussians of Indochina is attested not only by confirmed intelligence but also by Hanoi's Little by little the analysis rolls in, to the considerable disadvantage of Sen. George McGovern who, even as he has now embraced the cause of Israel more hawkishly than anyone since Gen. Dayan, will By WILLIAM F. BUCKLEY JR.

own words. Even before recent setbacks, the May edition of the North Vietnamese army magazine published some remarkably candid admissions of inadequacy by non -commissioned and junior commissioned officers, most of them lacking combat experience. These officers the magazine admits, "often revealed shortcomings in. knowledge and experience concerning leading, organizing and commanding the fight. Even cadres with combat experiences who were recently to the battlefield as reinforcements have not easily adjusted to battlefield combat demands." Second-Rate Leaders The article frankly relates the tendency of North Vietnamese units to retreat and exhorts leaders to "prevent the desire to stop and relax." Furthermore, the magazine admits "there have been cases in which cadres did not closely adhere to combat guidance ideologies and inflexibly applied unchanged combat methods" a reference to the suicidal frontal assaults against heavily forti-f i ARVN positions through -out the offensive.

Besides second-rate lead-ership, the invading Communist troops have been hampered by deepening supply problems with Hanoi's own words again confirming intelligence data. A June 10 broadcast by Hanoi-based Liberation Radio conceded that some artillery units encountered "an acute shortage of food and water." The army's daily newspaper of June 15 revealed the difficulty in "shortcomings in transportation of supplies from distant places" and added that procurement ol food in front-line sectors is "still far below requirements." Were it not for President Nixon's blockade of the North and the massive U.S. air support in the South, the North Vietnamese invaders for all their new shortcomings might well have swept through South Vietnam. Nevertheless, the fact remains that Hanoi's well-armed regulars are now afflicted by the woes so long associated with the ARVN: desertion, breaking under fire, poor leadership. It is, of course, much too early to say, but that vanishing battalion may have been a signpost of real deterioration in the army of North Vietnam.

And that would be of profound importance in this endless war. Ml Li: Is surely, sometime before Elec -tion Day, deliver a paean on the tax loophole. A fortnight ago Mr. Stewart Alsop reported that a big McGovern backer from California, who had made a fortune in computers, consulted his computers, feeding them one of Sen. McGovern's formulas for bringing wealth to the needy, and discovered that $42 billion was missing.

I.e., that just one of the redistributionist schemes proposed by Sen. McGovern was under-financed by a mere $42 billion. The backer was not the man best suited to question the reliability of computers so it is not known whether he will finally back off from his computers or from his candidate. Now the Economics Division of the Mellon Bank in Pittsburgh, in its newsletter, makes a few gentle comments about the loopholes Sen. McGovern is forever talking about.

unless accompanied by other positive measures, imply a repudiation of the objectives which originally led to the establishment of the preferences." It is quite literally that simple: Should Congress, or should it not, encourage married couples, home owners, the sick, the economically venturesome? Candidate McGovern will in due course need to face up to the consequences of his rhetoric. When he does so, I for one, wish that he might say something truly radical. Namely that it is not the proper business of government to attempt to manipulate human economic behavior by a tissue of built-in biases in the tax law. The trouble with the idea of making justice via tax laws is that one never really knows what it is that one is accomplishing; who it is that one is hurting. Prof.

Friedman has over and over again demonstrated that efforts by the government to give the little man a break by this or the other welfare subsidy end by hurting him. A true break with economic interven-tionism would see McGovern coming out against rinky-dink tax laws, against all deductions (except obviously justified deductions), in favor of the elimination of the progressive feature of the income tax, and in favor of a maximum tax rate of 20 per cent. marijuana. This year this position was not reversed, and the governing House of Delegates did not accept the recommendation of the AMA's Board of Trustees in favor of legalization of smoking marijuana in private. But the House of Delegates did recommend "that the personal possession of insignificant amounts be considered at most a misdemeanor," while at the same time proposing a "policy of discouragement" in the use of marijuana.

Leading up to that position was acceptance by the delegates of the trustees' conclusion that "there is no evidence supporting the idea that marijuana leads to violence, aggressive behavior or crime." Included in the resolution was a statement that no statistical evidence has been found linking the use of marijuana with heroin or other hard drugs. This partial departure from past AMA attitudes on this controversial subject is in line with positions being taken by other organizations, like the American Bar Association, and is bound to have an effect on public thinking. is that there were exactly 106 such cases, and that a study of them reveals that the overwhelming majority either a) paid taxes to foreign countries receiving the usual tax credit; or b) paid state taxes, or c) had deductions sanctioned by law. Sen. McGovern also did not mention that there are in fact 15,000 American citizens who reported incomes in excess of $200,000 who DID pay income taxes, at an effective tax rate of 44 per cent.

Nor does Sen. McGovern stress the use of loopholes to people who are not necessarily rich. For instance, the joint return permitted husband and wife, in the absence of which loophole the government would realize 6 to 10 billion dollars in additional revenue. The new tax law of 1969, regularly disparaged as a rich man's tax law, deserves to be criticized for any number of reasons, all of them, however, more complicated than those Sen. McGovern comes up with.

Thtot tax law reduced the rate of income taxation by 82 per cent High Indignation Do you remember the one about all the people who reported gross incomes in excess of $200,000 in 1970 who paid zero taxes? High indignation set in every time Sen. McGovern mentioned the matter. What he did not mention If you're voting McGovern, ana I'm voting Humphey, why are we going to the for those earning $3,000 or less; by 43 per cent for those earning Scenario For Democratic Convention The Word From Abbie Hoffman reduction of 1.7 per cent for MIAMI BEACH The madcap Yippie leader Abbie Hoffman has promised the By JACK ANDERSON toll-free call to Vice President Spiro Apew. Phone freaks whisper, wheeze, whistle and beep into telephones, duplicating the electronic mechanisms which trigger long distance calls. The telephone companies are apoplectic about the practice.

"We've got Agnew's unlisted number. We may even want to put a call through to Moscow. The greatest phone freaks in American will be convening right here in Miami a said Hoffman. Footnote: Republicans are genuinely worried about Hoffman's threat, but they point out that, despite preconvention publicity in 1968, Hoffman and more moderate leftists were able to turn out only about 10,000 demonstrators. Democrats to limit his followers in Miami to 4,000 this week.

But he also said he would rally 100,000 yelping Yippies to disrupt the GOP convention in August. The brash and bubbling Hoffman confirmed to us that he has met confidentially with Democratic National Committee officials and has agreed to try to keep things cool this week. "We have promised the Democrats no trouble," Hoff -man conceded. "After all, they got us the campsite at Flamingo Park. Besides, their candidates are not what you'd call a healthy show of villains." For the Republicans, how marveled.

"All that electronic security stuff, zurrrrrn, wheeeeee, eeeeeeoho. I felt I had to get a look at the nests of these birds, to understand them." Phone Freaks Hoffman is not limiting his harassment of the GOP to Pat Nixon. His Phone Freak Convention will give a top prize to the man who places the first those earning $50 100 thousand; and an increase of 7 per cent for those earning $100 thousand and over. But the figures are tiresome, when put beside the principal point, which is that over the years Congress and the Executive have done what they thought best to affect the allocation of resources. The Mellon Bank's economic newsletter sums it up: It's That Simple "For example, it (the tax law) is used to encourage home ownership, to lower the cost of borrowing to state and local governments, to increase the value of retirement and unemployment benefits, lower the cost of medical care, and to encourage private philanthropy.

Reasonable men can disagree on whether or not the individual income tax law is the proper vehicle through which such objectives should be accomplished. But it is clear that proposals to abolish the existing set of tax preferences, Bible Verse What time I am afraid I will trust in the Lord. Psalm 56:3. By ART BUCHWALL WASHINGTON Everyone has his own scenario for i week's Democratic National Convention. The way things have been going with the party, one scenario has as much validity as the next This is the one that I have written and if it comes true, remember, you read it here.

It Is the fourth day of the convention and the Democrats have been unable to decide on a presidential candidate. The fight to seat delegations has taken up three days and those people who were ruled ineligible have refused to give up their seats to thosa who were officially designated as delegates to the convention. Almost every state delegation has two people sitting in every chair. No one dares leave the floor for fear that someone will grab his seat. When someone tries to speak he is hooted down by the opposition faction, Larry O'Brien, the chairman of the party, has the podium ringed with the National Guard so no one can grab the microphone.

Speeches Unheard The nomination speeches have not been heard, but the candidates have been nominated McGovern, Humphrey, Wallace, Chisholm, Jackson and Muskie. and thrash it out for several hours. The only man whose name is proposed as the compromise candidate is a very famous, but controversial, figure on the American scene. He has announced many times that he is not a candidate for the presidency or the vice presidency, and has said under no conditions would he accept a draft. Yet, the leaders argue he is the one person who can save the party.

This young man, whose name had been associated with a very embarrassing incident, is a household word now. Because of the deadlock at the convention, he is the only one who can possibly beat Nixon In November. The compromise candidate is not at the convention. He has purposely stayed away so people would believe he was not interested in the nomination. O'Brien puts In a call to him.

Everyone, in turn, gets on the phone and tells him he has to be the candidate. The compromise candidate speaks to George McGovern, Humphrey, Muskie and Wallace. They urge him to run. The candidate finally agrees to a draft and says he will take the next plane to Miami. And that's how Bobby Fischer, the U.S.

chess champion, became the Democratic presidential nominee for 1972. There have been no demonstrations for the candidates in the hall because everyone is afraid if he gets up and marches they won't let him back in his section again. On the first ballot McGovern picked up 1,235 votes, well shy of the 1,509 he needed. The rest were split between the other candidates with the uncommitted refusing to vote for anyone. The second and third ballot found no one budging.

By the tenth ballot of Wednesday's all -night session, the convention was hopelessly deadlocked. The state delegations caucused right on the floor, trying to get people to change their minds. But it was impossible. On NBC, John Chancellor and David Brinkley became short -tempered and refused to talk to each other. Howard K.

Smith and Harry Reasoner on ABC were also not speaking to each other, and on CBS, Walter Cronkite wasn't talking to himself. It was obvious to everyone in and out of the convention hall that a compromise candidate had to be found one who had not already been nominated. Behind The Podium But who? The Democratic party leaders call a recess behind the podium. They argue THE DAILY DISPATCH Edgar A. Shipley Russ Kiesele Len II.

Small President fcaitor-Fubiishcr Managing Editor everv afternoon except Sunday by Molina Dlscutch PnhiitMnn ever, Hoffman had no such compassion. "We have promised them tsouris!" Hoffman said. The Yiddish word means trouble, woes and worries. "I've told everybody to come if they want to, but if they can come to only one, to come for the Republicans in August," he told my associate Les Whitten. "Right now, we're just paddling through, waiting for Big Dick." Earlier, Abbie made an un-publicized visit to Key Biscayne where he'd heard Pat Nixon was at the Nixon compound.

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744 4344; East Mollne, 755-3401; Geneseo, In God I have put my trust, I will not be afraid of what man can do unto me. Psalm 56:11. t. 4.