The Inter Ocean from Chicago, Illinois • Page 67

Part Seven. Sunday Inter Orean. Part Seven. The NO. 267.

SUNDAY, FREEZING UP A TRUST Novel Form of Opposition to the Southern Salt Monopoly. FROST IS A FACTOR Quicksands Stop Working of the Deposits in Louisiana. By Freezing the Shafts, the Greatest Salt Beds in the World May Be Opened. Special Correspondence of The Inter Ocean. NEW ORLEANS, Dec.

is likely to be a salt war in Louisiana this winter. The National Salt company, or trust, as it has put up the price of salt very considerably, after having secured control of all the salt-producing plants in the North and West, and has notifled the salt-mining concerns of Louisiana that they must either come into the trust or do battle with it. It is reported that the oldest, largest, and most productive of the 1 Louisiana mines, that. at Avery's, or Petit Anse, island, has already joined the trust, and while this rumor is denied by the company it is a fact that one of its directors is also a director in the National Salt company. In the meantime, the price of salt has been advanced in Louisiana as it has been in the rest of the country.

The National Salt company Is supposed to represent the evaporated salt interests, while the Louisiana concerns produce rock salt. There are three salt mines in Louisiana, all in the peculiar, so-called islands which are found on the gulf coast, which, as a matter of fact, are not really islands, but merely hills or prominences rising out of the gulf marsh. There are four of these islands: Orange, better known as Jefferson's island, being owned by Joe Jefferson, the actor; Petit Anse, or Avery's, island; Grace Coteau, now known as Week's island, and Belle isle, the only one which has preserved its original name. They rise from 160 to 180 feet above the sea and the neighboring marsh, and are from 2,000 to 3,000 acres in area. There is a top soil from eighteen to eighty feet thick, beneath which is a practically solid mass of rock salt.

This is the most remarkable mineral deposit in the world, for excavations have so far not reached the bottom. Here and there the pure salt leaps out of the surface of the ground, and all the country around is filled with licks, at which deer and cattle were wont of old to congregate. Will Freeze the Shafts. It was not until the civil war that mining was carried on at Avery's island. The Southern Confederacy, being cut off from the sea, was left without salt.

Avery's island supplied its need, and practically all the salt used in the Confederacy was mined here, being carried in immense wagon trains across the Mississippi to the armies in Virginia and Tennessee. Today salt mining is carried On at three of these islands -Avery's, where large mining operations are under way, with an output of 300 tons a day, consumed mainly in the South; Belle Isle, and Week's island. The Myles company cn Week's island is a local concern, which for many operated the Avery mine. It is now sinking a shaft and has not yet begun to produce salt. The Belle Isle mine is operated by a Chicago company known as the Gulf Salt company.

It has been somewhat unfortunate in its operations. In sinking a shaft a quicksand was struck, with the result that the mine was flooded. This is not so serious a matter as the flooding of a mine usually proves to be. The water. is being pumped ont and evaporated, and yields a handsome quality of salt by evaporation, but the evaporation process is not so cheap as simple mining, and the company is anxious to get rid of the troublesome water and return to mining.

It to do so by a refrigerating process which will be put In operation during the next few weeks. The ground will be frozen to a depth of 230 feet if necessary, and the shaft sunk through it. This is absolutely necessary to get through the wet sand, which is so lacking in- substance that it is impossible to sink a shaft through it. The freezing process is very simple. Twenty-four four-inch pipes are sunk in a circle, some twenty feet in diameter, and through each a saturated solution of chloride of calcium is forced at a temperature far below zero.

The pipes will freeze the earth, sand, and water for several feet around them, and through the frozen ground the shaft will be sunk and properly protected and walled in. The plan has worked well in Pennsylvania and Michigan, but has never been tried in Louisiana before. Enterprise of Great Importance. If it is a success, it means tar more than the successful operation of one salt mine. It may mean a complete revolution in the salt business, and defeat the efforts of the National Salt company to control the salt mines as well as the production of evaporated salt.

While the rock salt has been mined only in the islands, this has been because the salt can be better reached there; but it is well known that this wonderful salt deposit Is not confined to the islands, but extends along the entire gulf coast of Louisiana and perhaps into Texas. Instead of there being a few thousand acres of rock salt, the deposit covers from 3,000 to 5,000 square miles, underlying all the Louisiana sea march and being many hundreds, perhaps thousands, of feet in depth. Whatever the origin of this salt bed, there the salt lay until the great alluvial deposit brought down by the glacial movement from the north, and still later by the Mississippi, carried it, with a of earth from eighteen to twenty feet deep. is through this deposit that the shafts must be sunk to reach the rock salt. In the marshes the salt lies much nearer the surface than in the Islands, but it has never been mined there because the marshy character of the soil renders the sinking of a shaft impossible.

But if the Chicago company and the New York engineer succeed in their project of freezing the soil into sufficient consistency to allow the sinking of a shaft the same process will permit a hundred other shafts to be sunk in the surroundIng country. Indeed, there will be no place on the Louisiana gulf coast, from the Atchatalaya to the Saline, where one cannot. strike a salt mine, if the soil can be sufficiently hardened from its porridge-like condition to stand a shaft. And if in the meantime the National Salt company, either by securing control of the Louisiana mines or inducing the owners to co-operate with it, advance the price of salt to $30 a ton, or anywhere near it, the temptation to sink the mines will be very great. Profits in Salt Mining.

Salt. is more easily mined than coal and costs no more; so that the profit will be immense. The difficulty in the way has been the character of the soil overlying the salt NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY GLEE CLUB'S ORCHESTRA. The Glee and Mandolin club of North- Leslie R. Larsen and Hal Bangs, have an- music is leader of the Mandolin club; W.

A. the first student ever chosen to this position. than ordinary ability. In addition to the western university will this year make a nounced a long list of concerts, to begin Stacey is vocal soloist, and Paul W. Schlord He has a inished musical education, is a regular features the organization will carry more trip than any of the former Jan.

1. Walter G. Logan of the school of '1s leader of the Glee club. Mr. Schlori Is brilliant planet and director of more a banjo club of six instruments.

organizations have made. The managers, Special Correspondence of The Inter Ocean. TUSCOGEE, 1. Dec. Edward Arnold, a -haired man with deeply furrowed face and bent form, came to Tus: cogee this week in search of his wife and daughter that he had not seen for twenty years.

In his eagerness to reach the lost women he leaped over the guard rail of the coach before the south-bound train had come to a standstill. and, rushing out on the platform, asked the first man he met haw to get 1 to a point on the Verdigris river seven miles southwest of Claremore, which is a town in the Cherokee nation. He was told that he would have to take the southbound 'Frisco train to Claremore, and there hire a wagon, and he lost no time in continuing his journey. Later in the day the driver employed by him returned alone to Claremore. Arnold had directed the man to a dilapidated log cabin, the location of which he had marked on a map.

There was no one at the cabin except a hunter, who knew the two women that had called the place their home. The elder of the two, he said, had gone to Vinita to appear in a divorce suit she had brought against her last Choctaw husband. Her daughter had gone to some point on the Grand river near Fort Gibson with some fisher folk. The old man seemed dazed at first. Then he bought a canoe and went in search of his only child.

This trip was futile, and he returned to Tuscogee to wait for the girl's return. The story of Arnold's life is so tragic and so sensational that it seems hardly credible. He belonged to a prominent and wealthy family of Cincinnati. He was married in St. Luke's church on Thanksgiving day, 1880, to Evelyn Paget, a beautiful girl, the daughter of a banker.

One of the groomsmen at the fashionable wedding was Charles. Meade, 1 man who cherished in his heart a grudge against the bridegroom. For their wedding tour Mr. and Mrs. Arnold made a trip around the world, spending much time in Egypt and the Holy Land.

On their return they established themselves in a handsome home, where a little daughter was born in November, 1881. The night that the child was born Arnold, who was cashier in a bank, was summoned across the river to Covington, to the bedside of the lying president of the institution. It was stormy night and the tram cars had stopped on account of the heavy snow. Arnold was compelled to walk, and on his way he met Charles Meade, the groomsman at the wedding of the year before. Meade Invited bla friend to take a drink of hot Scotch to warm him for the unpleasant tramp through the snow.

From the moment the liquor passed his lips Arnold remembered nothing until he awoke, stiff and sore, in a cell of the Covington prison. He had been found holding a revolver over the prostrate form of a policeman. Testified Against His Friend. At the preliminary examination Meade, with apparent reluctance, testifled that Ar- PAGES 67 TO 74. FOOTBALL IS SCORED High School Principal Denounces Game as Inhuman.

SAYS IT DEMORALIZES He Declares Players Lose Interest In Their Studies. Long Communication Is Published an Educational Organ-Pupils Are Indignant. deposits. If that obstacle can be overcome by a simple refrigerating process then all the mililons of acres of rock salt in Louisiana can be brought to the surface as easily and as cheaply as coal is mined. The 1 Louisiana mines are worked in drifts or tunnels like coal mines, or the famous salt mines of Austrian Poland.

Pillars of salt are left in place to support the roof, and the salt is so hard that no timbering is necessary, as in the coal mines, to prevent caving. The great enemy is, of course, water, for the slightest stream of water which finds its way Into the mine honeycombs and dissolves the rock salt. In both the Week's island and Avery mines borings have been made to a depth of 1,500 feet, to make sure of the deposit of salt. and at that depth the purest salt was still found, with not the slightest evidence that the bottom had been reached. Local borings at Week's island have shown that not less than two cubic miles of salt underlies that island, or something like a billion tons.

This is not by any means all there is at that point. The deposit may be a hundred or a thousand times as great, but boring 1,500 feet down and two miles in each direction has shown no limit or diminution to the deposit of rock salt, literally free from all impurities. IS A RECORD YEAR. Football Season Left a Grewsome Trail in Killed and Wounded. The football season of 1900 left such a trail of dead and wounded men that for rough play and casualties it stands alone in the annals of football history, says an exchange.

Four men were killed outright, four more were injured so seriously that they may die, and 129 others were taken from the field and nursed back to health in hospitals. As is usual in the case of casualties c.n the gridiron or in the prize ring, those men who were killed or seriously injured were unfit, either on account of their size or some physical weakness, for the work they tried to do. Of the thousands who played football on teams that employed coaches and trainers not one was seriously hurt. Sprained ankles. broken noses, and muscle bruises were the limit for players who understood the game, for the simple reason that, until were able to withstand hard knocks, they were not allowed by the coaches and trainers to recelve any.

It was in the smaller towns and little colleges that the rough element of football found its. victims in players who had either not been taught to fall properly or whose bodies had not been hardened for strenuous exertion. of the large number that recovered In hospitals from slight injuries, the big Eastern universities furnished their quota, for hardly a man on any 'varsity team went through the season without an Injury of some sort. The dead, crippled, and maimed make grewsome list as follows, as the cost of two months of athletic fun: J. L.

Pearson, Lake Forest university; died Sept. 28, 1900. E. H. Townsend, Saco, died Oct.

L. C. Duff, Stanford university, California; died Nov. 17, 1900. Charles Hanarby, Andover, died in October, 1900.

A. Scott, Ogdensburg, N. Injured Nov. 6. R.

Atkinson, Newburyport, Injured Oct. 10. C. Schmidt, Nazareth school: injured Nov. 1.

J. Williams, Hartford City, injured Nov. 14. One of Many. Office Seeker-1 think my campaign work should entitle me to an office.

Leader I never heard of you. What did you do? Office Seeker Well, I spoke" cn twenty-one different occasions. phia Fross. Very Doubtful. "The Sultan is going to have a warship built in one of our big "Say, I wonder if he'll send ever one of the girls from the harem to christen it? Cleveland Plain Dealer.

QUEST FOR LOST WIFE Edward Arnold, a Fugitive Twenty Years, Now a Millionaire. RETURNS TOO LATE Woman He Loves Is Married to a Poor Choctaw Indian. Former Cincinnati Banker, Accused of Murder by a Friend, Tells Startling Story. nola, after drinking, seemed to lose all sense of time, place, or his own identity, and that without cause be drew a evolver from his pocket and deliberately mi dered the polledman. Other evidence corroborated the testimony given by Meade, and Arnold's statement that he had never seen the revolver went for naught: He war bound over and friends set to work to save him from a hangman's noose.

The wealth of his father and his still devoted wife was not spared in preparing for his defense. Notwithstanding all that was done, Arnold WAR Indicted upon charge of murder. Although Arnold reiterated the assertion of his innocence, there appeared to be no hope for him. Arnold was a model prisoner and was consequently granted some liberties not accorded to others. A week before the trial be managed to make his escape, and the reward of $5,000 offered by the Covington police, in addition to the $1,000 offered by the county, still stood until the 8th day of the present month.

What followed after the escape can best be told in Arnold's own words. After returning from his fruitless trip to the cabin, he talked quite freely of his experiences. He sald: eluding the vigilance of my guard my fret thought was to visit my home and see. my wife and daughter. I realized that they would search for me there, however, so I hurried to the bank.

It was night. The watchman recognized me and let me in. knew the combinations and took a part of the money I had on deposit, leaving a note instructing that the balance be given my wife. I was soon back into the darkness of the night, a fugitive from justice, hunted by men and fearful that every shadow was a pursuer. "Finally I reached San Francisco and shipped aboard a whaling vessel.

We were in the arctic two years, and when we returned my share of the catch amounted to a good sum. Saving only money. enough for necessary expenses, I sent my earnings to my wife, with only a line Put your trust in After the first cruise I was most unlucky until ten years later, when, in 1895, again sent a sum of money with the words "Put your trust in In the spring of 1896 the captain and crew of the steam whaler of which I was first mate decided to go to Alaska, from the Interior of which stories of fabulous wealth reached the coast. We did so, and our party gradually separated. I was phenomenally successful, and am now rated a millionaire.

"In the rush in the spring of 1898 came Charles Meade. I recognized him the moment our party, which was coming out, rescued the members of his party from a snow avalanche. Two of Meade's companions were dead when we took them out of the drift, and Meade was fatally crushed, In the presence of my friends he confessed that he had had a grudge of long standing against the officer, and conceived the plan of drugging my liquor, killing the policeman, putting the revolver in my hand, and shifting the blame on me, thus wrecking the happiness of my wife and myself. Telegraphed the Good News. "My trust in God had not been without reward.

I continued my journey and at Seattle I hastened to the telegraph office and sent messages to my wife, but they were not delivered. Later I learned that in a bank tallure in the panic of 1893 my father and fatherIn-law had both become bankrupt and had since died. My wife, dependent upon her brother, had gone with him to some place In the West. a Seattle attorney, ex- Congressman Lewis, I went East and presented the evidence of Meade's death and his confession to the authorittes, and the Indictment against me was dismissed the day before the recent election. Then began the search for my family.

Last Monday, while I was in Kansas City, I learned that my wife and daughter were living in a small cabin on the Verdigris river. I sent a telegram to the postmaster at Claremore to spare no expense in having a message I sent delivered at the little cabin on the Verdigris, but it seems I was too late." TEACH NEW RELIGION Two Apostles of Doctrine of Manifestation In City. COME FROM PERSIA Beha Founder of the Novel Sect, Died in 1892. His Disciples Aim to Carry Out the Teachings of Christ-Will Preach Here. Two teachers of the Doctrine of the Manifestation, a religious faith which aims to carry out Aterally the teachings of the Christian religion, are in the city spreading their gospel among the citizens of Chicago.

The believers of the new doctrine pin their faith upon Beha U'llah, the founder of the new religion, who is believed by his followers to have been a "manifestation of the everlasting father." Beha U'llah died in 1892, leaving behind him some 600 volumes, which constitute the new testament of his followers. His mantle fell upon his son, Abdul-Beha Abbas, the "comforter." who is now in Acre, Syria, and who is the head of the new religies. The two teachers, who arriyed here Thanksgiving day, are staying at No 14 Loomis street. Their names are Haji Mirza- Hassan and Mirza Assad U'llah. There are said to be about 600 believers in the new doctrine in Chicago, and the two teachers have been holding meetings at various places in the city.

With them is an Interpreter, Mirza Hussien Rouhy. Their meetings, it is said, have been largely attended. The two teachers are Persians, one of them, Hassan, being a lineal descendant of Ma homet, and the other, Assad U'llah, a brother-in-law of Abbas Abdul-Beha. Hassan is a merchant in Cairo. The two teachers, It is said, are paying their own expenses, and their sole object is to gain converts to the new faith.

The title of the followers of the new religion is Behais, and in Asia they claim to number about 18,000,000. The tenets of the faith are simple, and do not conflict with any of the bellets of the Christian churches. The believers accept the Old and New Testaments as their old testament, and accept the writings of Beha U'llah as their new testament. His writings, it is said, contain predictions covering the next 100,000 years, and are sufficiently comprehensive to satisfy the most critical converts. Beha U'llah, the second manifestation, as he is called, came upon earth in 1817.

He spent years fitting himself for his life work. He commenced teaching in 1844, and speedily thousands were attracted by his wisdom and the broadness of his views. He had been preceded by a prophet who corresponded to John the Baptist, and who was known as The Bab. The Bab prepared the way for the master, and Beha U'llah's life was one round of teaching. His followers are firm in their conviction that he was the "manifestation of the everlasting father." They explain the fact that he left a son by saying that Christ did not condemn marriage, and had he lived longer might have been married himself.

The Behais believe that the several prophets, such as Confucius, Mohammed, Zoroaster, and others, were inspired to visit the different races of people. The Behals do not condemn the teachings of these prophets. The bellevers have no church, and do not believe in church organization. They claim to have returned to the first principles of Christianity. The two teachers who are in Chicago bring with them a message from Abdul Beha which has been translated into It concludes as follows: Blessed ye are, Blessed ye are: owing to My excessive Love towards you, I bare sent some souls of My beloved who are sincere and faithful in the Cause of God, to those redons to visit you that their breasts may be dilated with joy In conversing with you about the Love of God.

"I ask God that their presence will be praised and create pleasure and joy, that the Sign of Light will abolish darkness and ElBeha is upon you. ABBAS." A meeting of the followers in Chicago will be held Sunday afternoon at 3:30 in room No. 404, Chicago Opera- House block. CHILDREN TO AID A CHARITY. North Side Boys and Girla Will Appear In a Christmas Extravagansa.

One hundred North Side children will appear in a fairy extravaganza next Friday evening at Unity church, Dearborn and Walton place, for the benefit of the American Home Finding association. The Christmas drama of "The Sleeping Beauty," written by Miss Keating, has been arranged by Miss Ida Lucien Woods, under whose direction it will be given. The boys and girls will appear as kings and queens, princes and princesses, lords and ladies, good fairies and bad fairies. Their costumes will ba rich and picturesque and the stage settings will be elaborate. Miss Woods, who has a wide reputation as a dramatic instructor, has selected children of unusual talent and beauty, and the, entertainment will be of much interest.

The tableaux will -be a special feature and fine music will be provided. The cast is as follows: Queen Wassabelle, Marguerite Goulding; Queen of Pumpkin Land, Mercillie McIntyre; Princess Amoretta, Olive Doyle; Goody Grope, Elma Doyle; Zephyr, Grace Embleton; Queen of Roses, Violet Barry: Fairy Avorita, Josephine Degan; Fairy Amabella, Nellie Fix; Lady Flirtilla, Sue McMillen; Duchess of Dismallise, Frances Degan; King What Wezee, Rogers; King of Pumpkin Land, Donald Meany; Prince Bellemore, Willie Williams: Lord Longtymeage, Harry Wild Leisher. Between the acts of the extravaganza several good specialties will be interpolated and an exhibition drill will be given at the close of the play. The officers of the Home Finding association are: Professor Charles Waldo Foreman, A. president; Swan Linderoth, first vice president; George K.

Hoover, D. general superintendent; the Rev. James W. Lee, A. secretary; McKenzie Cleland, A.

LL. counselor. The Ineffectual Past. Virtue had triumphed, for it was now 11:13. "Wretch!" cried the heroine, fronting the adventuress.

"Learn that it takes something besides a past with a fromage de Brie bouquet to make a person the whole cheese!" Salvos of applause greeted this just and witty rebuke, the curtain fell, and people retired to their homes full of the thought that it had been good to be Detroit Post. The Young Diplomat. Mother--No, Johnny, you have encugh. Johnny--Mother, it is impossible enough of your pie! He gets another piece. script.

Up to the Requirements. Employer See here, young been in this office only a week, broken three chairs. New Boy- Well, you advertised strong boy, didn't nal. Power of Oratory. "You call him a powerful when he spoke of the abyss that nation, the people yawned!" "Certainly.

He made the people see the abyss yawn, and you fectious yawning is." Detroit High-school boys in Chicago are in a state of nervous apprehension and anger. A fight has been started against football in the high schools, and a storm of indignant criticism has resulted. Oliver S. Westcott, principal of the North Division High school, has started the antifootball agitation. The North Division school's team won the championship of the High-School league this year.

Mr. Westcott has put his objections to football into circulation through the School Weekly, a local educational paper. Some of the comments which he makes are as follows: "It is assumed that whoever opposes the inhuman and Inhumane game of football is opposed to athletics. It has really come to pass that when a person speaks of athletics he means football. For this very reason, it for not various others more cogent, it would seem that football should be dropped until this enforced synonomy dies a natural death.

should a conference of alleged educators stand almost solidly for the retention of a game which promotes brutality, unstudious habits, and general school and personal demoralization? No arraignment can be possibly too strong for so vicious an influence. The football players are not as a rule boys to be taken as patterns. If, when selected, they are somewhat studious, their associations soon destroy their studious inclinations and their time is spent in everything but mental improvement. Says Game Is Worse than Boxing. football field is more brutal than the ring for the prize fight.

In the latter the contestants have been especially trained for what they are to face. Neither expects blow below the belt and each has been taught the art of selt-defense. But the contestants in football are kicked, wrenched, pounded without any opportunity of defense, even in their most helpless positions. "The argument which is occasionally advanced that, being on the football team promoted scholarship, is almost too puerile to be noticed. It is said that the regulations of the board of coutrol of the county high schools Induce some players, otherwise inferior students, to work more arduously so as to maintaln their place with the team.

Admitting this to be true, one cannot help reflecting that the ability of the student is thus conceded, and the further reflection canont be resisted that the student might well be guided to loftier heights of scholarship and intellectual attainment with worthier motives put before him- motives which would rouse his ambition, cultivate his self-respect, and preserve him from the fearful loss of time and vital force necessitated by the football method. The fact that an occasional football player takes a commendable rank in his studies is only the exception, which proves the rule of inferiority, and careful observer will soon note that such a student almost invariably tires of his companionship and withdraws from the team. "The demoralization occasioned by football is not confined to the players themselves. Pupils are perfectly willing to slight school work only in order to look on and see the representatives of another school belabored and worsted. Not only are the players themselves so steeped in this intoxicant that during their waking hours football interests absorb them utterly, but the lookers-on are inoculcted with the virus and seem to have no conscience whatever in neglecting their most important duties.

Prefers Valentines and Jokes. principal says that each boy must have the written consent of his parents and a physician's certificate before he be allowed to play. This very statement is sufficient to indicate that in his heart of hearts he regards the game as dangerous, and the conference adopted a resclution to that effect. "He admits, furthermore, that the football field does not promote athletics in the sense of improving bodily powers, but says he tavors the game because it furnishes a lent outlet for the ebullition of vouthful vivacity which otherwise would find rent in mischief on the school grounds, perpetrating jokes on teachers. I am free to say that valentines and April-fool jokes are, in my judgment, not to be classed with football as menacing dangers.

Even if athletics included well-digested course at a gymnasium and were not confined to foctball, it is at least a mooted question whether boys thus dealt with will be always more serviceable in any emergence. The men who most easily withstood the hardships and privations of the Spanish war are said by the officers not to have been the hardy sons of toll, whose life had been out of doors, but rather the clerks and indoor men of the eity, whose will always controlled their muscles. "Many a long century ago did the poet Euripides discover the same period, witLess: Of all the thousand ills that prey on Hellas Not one is greater than the tribe of athletes." Trustee Brennan called upon Superintendent Cooley yesterday and labored hard to convince him that the playing of the game by the pupils of the public schools should be forbidden. The superintendent emphasized the remarks he made at a meeting of the school management some time ago, and said that the game should be placed under proper supervision. "My experience with the game," said Ruperintendent Cooley, "has never led me to believe it harmful.

The game will be played, no matter what action we as a board may take, and in my opinion the proper thing is to put it under the immediate supervision of the department. In this way many of the agreeable features of some of the games can be ohyiated." had pie to have Boston Tran- man, you've and you've for Jour- orator? Why, confronts actually know how inJournal. Practice Makes Perfect. Angela (to whom Edgar has been proposing)-Tell me, Edgar, did you ever say anything like this to any woman before? Edgar (In a burst of honesty) -My dear girl, do you think that it could be done like that the first -Harper's Bazaar. Shrapnel and Shell.

When shrapnel bursts the bullets go forward; in common shell the fragments fly in all directions..