The Inter Ocean from Chicago, Illinois • Page 4

to gutcr (Decern TEBM3 OF StTBBCRIFTIOK. BTJtOLK COPT CXSTt bt mail-in adtauce rosTAOB pbbfaid. Daily Edition, on year R-n0 For two montha 100 Dally and BuniUr, ent rmr i0t iuiky sVtttlnm, om Saturday liirs poslomo ddi in fall. including county lid Stat. emit by express money order, draft, Fostome order, or In rsirlstered letter, at oar risk.

TO CITX BCB8CBIBER8. Dally, delivered tt nnto per week Daily, deL, bandar lne 17 oenU per week Daily, deL, Sunday lne eta. per month i Addraaa TUB INTER OCKAN. Cor. Madison and Dearborn ats, Chicaca, Hi.

EASTERN OFFITE-B AND TIMES BLDO, NEW YOBK. L. H. CBALL. Manager.

Persona deslrlne THB INTEB OCEAN served at their bomea ran secure It by postal card request or order through telephone No. A Where delivery le irregular plwise mal Immediate complaint to this oXtios, FOSTAOE. DOHESTia and 12-pare paper 1 eeot Saturday paper (M paces) cents Sunday paper Joenta FOBEIQN. .10, and 12-pare paper. cents Kto 30 pases cents BtoM pave 4 cents Over 81 paees.

eenu CHICAGO, WEU.NESDAK, FEU. 17, 189a. TWELVE PAGES AMUSEMENTS. AOADIMT McCarthy's Mishaps at and ALHAMBBA The Two Bisters at 1 and CASINO BaTerlys Minstrels at 1 and CHICAGO OPEBA HOU8E.M arraret Mather and 8 CLARK ST Acne Herndon at i COLUMBIA. Bells at and The Enstcn at 1 and Harry Lacy at and 8 Maltle Vtckera at A Night Frolle at and i day and svenlni Burlesque attends OBAKD BATMARKET BAVLIWS BOOLKY'8 LIBBT PRISON MADISON STREET.

MoTIOKEB'S Ltllpntlans at and NEW Paul KauTar at and PEOPLE'S. Chanf rau at I and The Two Silver Keporta. Two report bare now been submitted to the House of Representatives from the Committee on Weights, Coins and Measures on the new Bland bill. One is from the majority, in support of the measure; the other from the minority in opposition to it. The former was evidently prepared with great care.

It reads like the speeches of Senator Jones, of Nevada, who has a remarkable felicity in the presentation of an argument. It is immaterial who penned it The occasion called for the very best argument which eould possibly be made, and one on which the advocate) of free coinage would be willing to rest their case. The explanation of the bill includes an explanation of the proposition to change the ratio between gold and silver in this y-'country providing the ratio is changed in France, a collateral point hardly entitled to much consideration. The argument begins with a discussion of "The, Silver Dump." The familiar warning in' not unfairly stated when it is said that it is often alleged that the free coinage of silver would make this country the dumping ground for the surplus silver of 'Europe. In trying to answer this objection the report considers the supposition lhat a "ship-load of silver" should be brought over here, observing The snip-load of silver brought to our mints by the foreigner would be coined Into standard dollars, and these dollars returned to him, but he could not go to our Treasury an 1 uiand gold for them.

Nor could he compel one of our citisens to swap bun a gold dollar for a silver dollar; that is a voluntary trade that no law ought to Interfere with. Should the foreigner take coin notes for his bulllou Inatead of coin, the same thing happens. He can take hia coin not to the Treasury and demand redemption, but that Bote Is redeemable in coin, and the Secretary ef the Treasury could band him back the coin struck from his ship-load of bullion. The foreigner then would ascertain that he had committed the blunder of bringing silver to eur mints) when It is worth cents on the dollar leas than it was at home, and that he loses this 3 cents and cost of transportation beside What. then, will he do with his money He must either Invest -It in property here or go home with it.

He could not buy gold with it or gold exchange, unless gold and silver were at rtar: hi thia rase there could be no reaaoa for preferring the one metal to the other. If gold went to a premium he would hsve to pay the premium on his exchange, thns entailing on him additional loss oa his enterprise of sending us ship-load silver. The radical defect in this argument is the assumption that the importer of silver Would have to deal only with the govern xuent It is true that the res nary could protect itself as suggested, but it is to be remembered that the coin or United States Bote) given to the importer would at once to into the channels of exchange. The Importer could not carry it around with ajim, and would not if he could. We will ay that the amount of the importation was an even million.

The money received wonld be either deposited in bank or wed in purchase of domestic property or foreign exchange. He would make an enormous profit on the shipment or else the price of gold would be enough above par to cover the margin between the intrinsic value of the silver dollar and the gold dollar. The government, even in that cose, might secure, by checking the outflow from it own. coffers of its own gold whenever it saw fit to do so, bnt Con gress is legislating for the people, and it is their interests that moat not be sacrificed or pat at the mercy; of silver speculators. Bnt even if the argument of the report Were in itself sound it would furnish no justification of the Bland bilL That argument is that the foreign silver would not be dumped on our shores; that, practically, the silver offered at the mints would be tho home product aa produced.

On this supposition tho effect of the bill would simply be to transfer the margin of dif ference between the coin value of a silver and its metallic value to the silver kings of tho far West, at the expense of the government and without any benefit to the people. Tbe minority report, submitted by Mr. of Massachusetts, is far from be ing fair and satisfactory statement of the true American doctrine on money. Mr. Williams, like Mr, Bland, is a Democrat.

ejnly one is a prairie flower, the other a bit of moss from I Ty month Bock. The Inter Ocean does not deem it of much practical Importance what position the minority does take, for tbe reason that if the bill should pass both the House and the Senate wfll not become a law. If necessary the President will Teto ft. Tbe reasons given by Mr. Williams are not by any means identical with tbo the President would give.

Dor do they represent the sentiment of the country, for they are essentially monometallic, gold being repreaented as the one monetary basis of tbe United States, which Is not the case, and must not be. The two reports serve, however, as a striking preset! La tioa of the immense chasm between th two wings of the IVrnocratio party. Senator Hill was erected Dec, 188a His alary as United States Senator began starch 4. 1801. II took his seat Jan.

7. IU has occupied that sent and gives about tea days all told to the Berries, of too United States, bnt he draws 5,000 a year for Tt 1 Just the same while be runs bis political machine In New fork. Bill's definition of a public office is that it Is a private snap and not a publlo trust. City Re-venue and Expenditure, About this time every year Chicago confronted with the municipal problem of bow to make both ends meet in tbe adjustment of expenditures to Income. Under our outgrown State constitution, and statutory limitations baaed thereon, there is a wide margin between maximum revenue and the minimum appropriations consistent with the imperative requirements of tho publlo good.

Tbe Comptroller, Mr. May, figures out the net Income from all sources for all purposes, apart from school funds, to be only J8.3U0.CO4. while the estimated requirements of all the departments, the schools excepted, are $13,299,773, a difference of $4,909,109, in round numbers, the enormous sum of fire millions of dollars. What is to be done? The constitution of tho State does not allow the city to increase its bonded debt, and thus meet its re-quiremeuts for permanent improvement by issuing bonds, as would naturally be done in the absence of. lhat constitutional prohibition.

The Comptroller of the city has prepared a table showing how. he thinks the estimates should be cut down, but even after bis pruning knife bad done its work the estimates far exceed the in come, and some of his cuts would be simply intolerable. He- propones, for example, a cut of more than one-half in the estimates of the department of public works, when the truth is thnt the head of that department, Mr. Aldrich, had already cut his estimates to the lowest notch consistent with health and comfort. Clearly the Council must devise some way to increase the revenues of the city.

Everything that can be done by special assessment should be, and some way should be devised to increase the revenue from what are known as miscellaneous sources. With the World's Fair upon us it will never do to put any of tbe great departments of tbe city on half rations, or anything like it. Tbe Cordage Trust Tareatened. The Inter Ocean 's exposure of the profits made by the National Cordage Trust and of its attempt to perpetuate its mo nopoly by means of tbe National Union Company, which was to gain control of all the retail agencies for distribution to the farmers, has had one important re sult. It is for the alliance to make this result beneficial or to render it compara tively useless.

The largcft cordage manufacturing es tablishment in Europe now baa its agents in this country. They are looking over the field of operation, and if their report be favorable the European firm, "Tbe Bel fast Bope Company" by name, will once rest $500,000 in an American twine and rope factory. Against a rival of such magnitude the National Cordage Trust can not prevail. It will have to compete with it. And competition re duces prices.

The intelligent members of tbe alliance now can see why the National Cordage Trust finds It worth while to furnish money or other aid to the National Union Company. If the Union Company get control of all or most of tbe retail stores in tbe fanning districts then neither tbe Belfast Rope-making Company or any other twine-mskhrg firm -can get its goods before tbe -farmers. Having a monopoly of all the existing resources of manufac ture in the United States, tbe cordage trust seeks to gain a monopoly of all the methods of distribution of its manufac tured product. In such case no rival would be feared by it. It was for tbe purpose of preventing any such competition as is threatened by the Belfast Rope-making Company that tho cordage trust gave -its support to the National Union.

But it can not be ex pec-ted that the alliance will co-operate with tbe cordage trust in excluding a possible rival from tho market. The Ohio Idea. Professor Swing was not exactly correct in telling the Ohio Society that "no person knows what is meant by the 'Ohio but he was so broad in bis interpretation of that idea, making it embrace all the good things of this country, that no Buck eye would hare called him to order or suggested the use to which the term had been applied. And, being a Buckeye, the Professor would naturally not care to be con fined to the narrow boundary that was first given the "Ohio idea." This was tbe plat form of tbe Greenback-Labor party, which in proposed that all tbe National debt not stipulated as payable in coin should be paid in currency. It was put forward by that party first in Ohio, and became generally known in several political campaigns.

where it was advocated as the "Ohio and afterward as the rsi baby" of De mocracy. But all Buckeyes will naturally agree with Professor Swing that the "Ohio idea' was "foreseen by the Hebrew statesmen when a Judean dreamer saw in a vision a group of persons to whom heaven was in some far-off time certain to give all ad joining states for an inheritance, and any number of adjacent heathen for a possession." This is a fair vision for the Ohio man, who a few years ago was said to be everywhere, and ready to take possession of all tho good thing that fell from the Pres ident's table in the way of commissions. That impression was truer than many people really believed. It is doubtful if any other State la the Union can find so many of its sons directing the helm in other States. As the Professor said, Ohio in the early day "stood for all the- potencies of nature," and it attracted not only the cavalier from Virginia bnt the Pilgrims from New England, and with better truth might It be said that on Ohio soil met these two purest strains of American blood, to form tbe typical American, than in Illinois, ss Henry Grady eloquently located the fusion in bis oration on Lincoln.

The Western Beserre was peopled by the descendants of tbe Fugrhas, and the Ohio Valley received its pioneers from the Pilgrims and from the revolutionary soldiers of Virginia and their descendants. Both groups were the sturdiest pioneers that were to be found on the continent and to gether they set out to take possession of the West. It was quite natural then that Ohio should become the mother of the West, and that eve a to-day store Bsckeyes can be found fat tbe West than those who claim any ether State as their birthplace It was meant as it charge of favoritism and narrow provincialism when, a many of Presi dent Hayes appointments were said to hare fallen to Ohio men, bnt fat reality it was a tribute to Ohio that so many of her eons were so conspicuous fat other States a be recommended for effioo by their neighbors and fellow BepubUcaas. Professor Swing being himself Bucia- THE DAILY rNTEB WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY IT 1892; ye, and coming from old Clermont County, where the underground railroad had its beginning in the days of agitation, he is well fortified with sturdy Ohio kleas that bar done much to build up this great West, and be. was therefore pardonable in refusing to be confined in his discussion of that subject to the one "Ohio Idea" that never bore fruit and now remains without even, a memory.

Ohio has stood by honest money at all times, and last year buried tho free and unlimited coin age of rilver craze as it years ago buried the "rag baby" which "Kise Up William Allen" tried to moke the country believe exemplified the only "Ohio idea" worth consideration and embodiment in the laws of the country. The Curtis Case. An unusual degree of interest attaches to the Curtis murder trial now in progress in San Francisco, not only for the reason that Curtis is well known to the theater-going public throughout the country, but for the reason that there are many peculiar if not mysterious circumstances attending the prosecution of tbe case. It is not surpris ing that extraordinary efforts should be made to convict him of the killing of Officer Grant, as it is natural that all the energies of the police force should be directed against the defendant; but the persistent circulation of odious n-port to the degradation of Curtis' character, the singular tactics adopted to shape evidence against him, and the determination with which the theory of his guilt is urged in police circles has given to the prosecution of this case the spirit of persecution rather than that of an im partial investigation to discover truth. The defense outlined by the attorney for Curtis on Monday was that long ago in timated.

The defense will attempt to establish the fact that the officer was killed by the man who robbed Curtis, the robber being at the time in tbe custody of the officer and on his way to the station. Curtis testifies that he had In his possession $240 that he expected to pay to a creditor; that he left his wife at the theater and went out for a brief stroll in the fresh air, that he was approached- by a man who professed to know him and claimed to have acted in a company with him; that they walked along together until the man set upon and robbed him, the officer appearing in the midst of the scuf fle and arresting both men; that the shots were fired aa the three were going toward the station, and that he, Curtis, being in a state of intoxication, believed that he was being fired at and ran. There are said to be witnesses to give testimony in circumstantial support of this allegation. The prosecution has advanced tbe theory that Curtis, whose right wrist was encircled by the officer's "nippers." had drawn his revolver with his left band and so shot the officer. It is in evidence thnt Curtis is ambidextmns.

The only motive for the killing that can be attributed to Curtis is that of drunken fury, but this is uot thought to be adequate by those wlto know Curtis well. Tbe defense is a plausible one, and there is no testimony to refute it, the only weakness about it being the inability of Curtis to give any clew to the man with whom he was in company and by whom be was assaulted. There is a belief that tbe prosecution has not made ont a case, and the jury will find it no easy matter to avoid giving Curtis tbe benefit of the doubt that mast -be twitted- by the story of the defense. InveatlKate by All Means. The editor of the New York Voice, who has for years been regarded as an ally of the Democratic party under the mask of prohibition, has laid a mine under tbe Pustoffice Department and fired it- He is now very ninch disturbed because Post master General Wanamaker is still deck and the people continue to receive their mail as before.

The editor of tbe Voice bas been squeaking for some years, imagining that his is a Voice crying in the wilderness, but he has only been shouting with his heed in a barrel. He has rninly tried to get Republicans to subscribe for bis paper and pay for slander upon them selves, but aa this is against all natuml law, he has failed in his effort. He has secured lists of Republican names in several campaigns, and it is said on very good authority that the Democratic committee have stood willing to pay the price if be could only induce Republicans to read the Voice. The paper has been sent to postmasters all oxer the country with instructions that it be given ont to certain "subscribers," a list of whose names accompanies the bundle. But the "sulisxTibers" denied their right to that name and, knowing how some newspaper publishers are given to sending papers for a time and then sending the bill, which they are able to collect under tbe law if the subscribers acknowledge the debt by accepting the paper, these subscribers refused to take tbe Voice out of the postiffice.

The editor of the Voice, not being able to understand how self-respecting people can refuse to read slanders upon them selves, holds the Postoffice Department directly and as one of the "offensive partisans" he has selected the postmaster at Bement, 111., whom he claims to hare trapped. The facts in this case as given to Tbe Intier Ocean by a citisen of Bement, in no way con nected with the postmaster, are these Some time ago a list of about fifty names of farmers wss sent to the Voice in com pliance with the request of the' editor, The subscriptions were to be paid for out of a fund raised for such purposes. These names were sent without tbe consent of the persons named, and know-ins; the law regarding their liabu Ity for the subscription price if tbey received the paper most of fhetnt refused to take ft out of the office. Some of them even wrote to the publishers, but the paper continued to come in then names as Others simply refused to take the paper and left it with the postmaster. Out of this list there were four beads of families who were wfllins to accept the paper if sent free, but members of their families refused to take tho Voice when they called for tho family mail.

One person fat one of those divided families cornel slued to the publisher thai ho had not received tbe paper, and tho publisher made tho charge that the Postoffice De partment was run as a political snai.iiiire to suppress "tho great prohibition organ." This is tho whole case. It is one 'of the 'rights of the' citisen to subscribe for newspapers or to accept those sent to him. It bt also tho light of the publisher or any: ether individual to send out asmnch legitimate mail matter as he wfll pay old adage that yea can lead a-astrse to water but can not make him drink applies to the pub lisher, and especially to the Voice. It may bt rarried through the naajhj as Ion as 'the pay. -tho postage, but it can not mak itself heard If tbe people to whom "jt is will not listen.

No Irian is obliged to suffer insult and annoyance becathe home: publisher has secured, his name' and persists in sending him papers htr doer not want to read. It is hia right to leAfe rathe pontoffice all advertising circular which he may not consider fit reudingrfor his family, and he has a right to, regard a newspaper in the same light if that, Is his judgment. The Voice may even be regarded in this without any criminality on tbe part'of tbe man who refuses to take it from the post-office. The editor of tbe Voice may be disappointed in his efforts to reform the world according to his own peculiar ideas and at the expense of the Democratic National Committee, but the postofiice depart- mem is run in we interest oi wrc pwpie and not particularly for the circulation of his nsrwtr Th rlian-n acmliiat tlie not- i office department Is one of the flimsiest ever batched by virulent partisanship. But by all means let the matter be fully investigated.

The people may learn in the end who bare paid for the thousands of copies of the Voice sent gratuitouMly to Republicans In nearly every county in the Northern States. Let the investigation be thorough and let all the facts come out. Inveetlsrr tin the Tariff Law. The Republicans in Congress did not vote upon the question of making the committees on agriculture and manufacture examining boards to report upon the effects of the McKlnley bill on farms and factories. Yet it is not to be supposed that they refrained from voting because they dreaded investigation of the effects of that bill, which is a luminous pinnacle of Republican policy.

They declined to go on record as aiding in the accomplishment of any part of that truly Democratic economy which exemplifies itself in withholding a few thousand dollar, from where they are needed to free the military school of the Nation from sewer gas, and in wasting twice as many thousands on "investigations" of subjects with tbe details of which everybody already is familiar. No protectionist fears investigation of the effects of the McKinley bill. Tbe more fully they are displayed the more benefi-ial they will appear. But the Democratic "iu-veMtigation" is not intended to investigate. It is intended to pick out a few dissatixfied persons nud to hear their complaints, and to accept their grumblings as evidence.

Tbe plan will not be successful. The Republican on the agricultural and manufacturing committees are in a minority, it is true but the are. members of the committee, nevertheless; sad a members will bo able to ok questions and to call wit nesses. Moreover, tltere is majority of weight, aa wtJT a of numbers, and in mental weight the Republican on the two committees do 'not 'form a minoritv. But on this point' the Democratic party win be better informeif as tbe work of tbe committees ptjpgreaKes.

Chief Justice) Craig of the llllolns Supreme Court is a Democratic presidential possibility, (ienerul Pannier has dlsmixsed hi political tuasost, Prisate Secretary l'lrterlng. and is out of the rce. Palmer could never have secured even (he 1 feunoeratic nomination for Senator had It not been for the persistent ttootning of Mr. Pickering. Th lllluoi.

Democrat must acaro up another candidate and tbey are trying to spilt the difference, between Palmer and Morrison by taking Justice Until, i i i. Rum-beentter)- ''and-1 Tammany debauched town" I the war the Itev. Dr. Charles Iarkhurst describes New York In hia sermon to New York people. And the people listened as though they felt It to be true.

Still Tammany want to name the President of tbe United Ktates, and think that It can Induce the country to accept a State stealer for that high honor. The mischief the McKlnley taw Is doing to other countries in moving manufacture to thl side of the ocean meet with large sympathy from free trailer. The Intention of the law was to benefit, tbe people of tbe United States. Because we have fattened foieign manufacturer for year I no reason we ahould continue to do It. The wizard.

Edison, Is trying to get tele phonic communication with the sun. and claims that when It la established he will be able to hear the spot break oat on the son. He will next transfer this to hi phonograph and the boys will be able to drop a nickel In the slot and hear old Sol roar. The tariff is the Issue. It I tune the Democratic House of Renremrtatlvea bad it on the chopping block, t.

Ixiuis Republic. All right Let Brer Springer roll np hi sleeve aad bring hia sheep to "the chopping block." It Is a most courageous undertaking. Perhaps some of the Washington suilramen would like to luclude "future" hi politics, along with wheat and pork. The "futures" of a lot of them won't pay more tlua 1 per cent an honest dollar. One-third of the meat sold In Parts Is the flesh of horse and mnle.

"When the American hog get fairly acquainted with the French capital he will reform present arrangement. "Wooden headed Mugwump" It the pleasing name the Atlanta Constitution gives to the friend of rover" Cleveland. The A. Is climbing up II111 lively. But It will climb down.

Senator Hill may set the hen bnt will she stay set In June? A nest of addled egg and other roosters crowing won't be pleasing amuse ment for the ambition old bachelor of New York. Emperor William wants to come to the World's Fair. Let him come. He wfll be able- to spea? fetsnatrre tongue in every ward In Chlcag and to loyal Americans. Governor Hilt dee not fa say remarkable degree illustrate the maxim, "Has wants little here below," but he stands a good chance of getting jut that In 1893.

When buying wheat for May or betting oa aa absolutely suraotp-tng be sure to rr serve enough mouey fdr car fare home and to pay the week's latwdry rbUL Senator Brtoe may hare promised the Ohio delegation to Tern many, as it is asserted. But i caul lie uauver uie uuu Hia Is "the and Tammany Is rampant, bat. wait until Crover alt down on them along 'in June, Senator Hill wont have time to ootno to Chicago ea tho 22a. He is arranging1 to cone later on. Tbe CarroBMli.

Chicago, Feb. 15. To tho Editor. The dtixeot and property owners residing in tho vicinity of the late carrousel, located on West Madison hear Ashland boulevard, render yon their sincere thanks for the great missionary work your paper has ac complished through your reporters, and your arguments hare ibeen so eoaviatcing that two of onr; great moral reform institutions hers dosed their -doors, although tho manager of one reqtdred a gentle bint to do so from our Mayor and Chief of Police. Two week agd Madison street at night.

A am sad umievara. was thronged with young and, young. men. some oi them acting In licentious and lewd manner; last night the- street was quiet and orderly. No young people standing on' (he street corners.

No steam-organ music to keep people awake. The Inter Ocean has had tbe courage to send its reporters sad find out tbe kind ol people who attended these, places of' amusement and pnlilish what occurred at different rimes. Your paper ought to be patronised by all people of this great city who believe in law and order. E. HOPKJ3S.

JOHN nORKHAS'B NOTIONS. (Secoad cterles.1 fH Wealth end 1'nvertv. The ancient reeks acted very wisely In many thing, but In nothing more wisely than In refusing to speculate about -what we term "wealth," a If it were aa Individual essence. There 1 some reaeoa to believe that tbey recognised the absurdity of trying to euro social and political evil by formulating laws to actount for the fact that one man I rich nm one man rich and a hundred or a thousand poor by a study of the causes of valne, rightly by ng UnpTtgreglt of deslraMUtle collected under one individual central, by virtue of individual jiurioe. They rightly based their speculation In regard to socio-political question upon tbe actual cortipouent of the state and of society, naiiiely, men.

And In eonslilerlng men la their economic relation with the state snd society, they divided them Into two classes, "rich" men and "poor" men. The "rich" men they termed "iluuu" from which come onr "plutocracy," and other term of similar bnMrt. The "poor" man they termed "pene," from whlct come "rennry," the condition of poverty, and postllily "penny" the money of the poor. The Oreek very properly held that It was the relations of these two ctnjse of men to each other and not the relation of ether to Insensate thinga, that wa of Importance bt social and political ecouutuica. The recks were equally fortunate, as they were In roust matters of definition, la the manlier In which they designated these contrasted classes.

It wa quite Impossible under their definition to. hsve any doubt ss to who was rich and who was poor, for It depended on one vital. Invariable and a w.netHm. i i.e man ww nau work for tbe suport of himself and hi an-ly wail he wt to Uve wiinout laimr, ne was ncn. This distinction Is ahsolntely philosophical nd exact.

The gradations of "rich" and poor" may be almost Infinite, bnt the fundamental distinction la never lost. There are "poor," poorer, poorest. In abumlance, and "rich," richer, richest. In constantly Increasing plngulmde. but always the differ ential quality remains the man who need not work to live 1 "rich," while he who depends upon the exercise of his mental or physical powers for a livelihood 1 "poor." That Is all there I of It.

These two conditions, and tbe fact that both are heritable, consulate tbe baud of all valuable speculation In regard to poiltlco-econotuica. From them arise some curious questions, which stand like threatening ghost across the pathway of Inquiry and insist upon being considered, no matter bow much we desire to avoid them. Among these are auca wicked and dangerous "Why Is one man 'rich' and another "What la tbe due proportion of rich men and poor men In society? "What Is the proper ratio between the poorest 'poor' and the richi-st Theae are hard questions which the world has tried In vain to solve by tbe study of material force when In truth, tbey are de pendent solely on Individual and collective tendencies. It Is easier to discourse atsiut "wealth." bat truth lie wholly In the "personal equation." The nrst question has received a great deal of attention under tbe heading "Tbe tituse of l'overty." It aeems somewhat strange that the Inquiry shoUld have generally assumed thia form, since "poverty" Is at tbe beat a negative qnestton. The term Is often used with very little repard to accuracy In Its HlKulncance.

yet it is one of the easiest of economic term to define. "Poverty" I the economic condition of that class ol "por" nx-n whose labor fails to supply. In whole or in the reasousiile necessities of themselves and their families, who aa a consequence, either (it suffer from want of such necessities. VJ) become the recipient of public or private charity, or, 13) swell the ranks of the criminal i-laxwu. In speculating upon the subject from thl aiaudpvinU we usually find the "poor," that Is.

those whoilj or In part dependent upon their own labor for a livelihood, divided luto tU ThsM who lack a sufficiency of the necessaries of life; 2t Those who have the nerenseriea of life; (3) Those who have the necessaries of life and also reasonable com forts; (41 Those who have reasonable comforts and a uteasure of luxury. These enrions gradations of the poor mau'a life rtm almost whimsical and ye', they are of Inlnitely more value to the student of a political economy worthy to called a science, than all that ha ever been written on tan "wealth of nations," "laws of trade," the "rights of labor," and the "volume of currency." In truth. It 1 to a knowledge of their proportions, or a general conviction that the aeifregate of the lower classe 1 dangerously great, that we must look for all substantial progress In social and political econ mica. As a matter of fact, the Interest of society In economic science Is. for the present at leatt, confined to the lhtre lower strata: 1.

Those whose labor supplies them with the bare necesiitlea of life only. 2. Those w'uoae labor falls.ln whole or In part te furnish even necessaries. 3. The habitually criminal cUsses.

This seems at first a startling statement, but when we consider tbe fact that It um the proportions which these classes sustain to each other and the aggregate population that the health and safety of society depend. It will be seen that It is not only true, l-ut naturally and reasonably so. It Is from those who lack the common necessaries of life that the criminal classes are mainly recruited, and this rlass itself Is hi turn constantly recr.ted from those whom sickness or mlsf-xine precipitates from the clas labor ufncet for their necessities until some mishap Inter vene It I in the proportion which tiise three classes sustain to the whoie tuMy the population that the ecret of social health or disease, progress or retrogression, always It is not the fact that A has more than be require, bnt that has not enonxb. st is fraught with danger to society. Thl is admitted by all, and philanthropy, statesmanship, snd political economy have bent their energies to prevent the resulting evils, each in a different way.

It ha sometime been hinted that tbe two facta are but seporstt part ef one truth; that If A ha more than he requires, must have less Jiati he treed There is probably no such equation ef wi.nt and surplus as some would have us but tht fact the whole world's hhrtsvy es where very rich men are found very ir men are sure to abound. Whether thl the result of accident or law we may be better able to Judge rereafter. The Interest which society has In the classe mentioned Is not wholly, nor. Indeed, chiefly, en their own account If those wbosjfsnd relapse into placidity before the fellow has labor falls to provide the necessaries ofr-Hfe would content tneniseives write starwrug and dying, society would pay very little heed to them. There little danger In a dead man, and burial in1 the potter's field Is not aa onerous tax.

If. therefore, when a man ceases either iron inability or lack of Inclination to earn the necessaries ef life, he would quietly starve and disappear, there would be little need for the study of economic relations. The difficulty fat that these people persist In living, and whereas, deed, they would be ne trouble te the world at all, alive they are a constant menace. Not only do the habitual criminals murder and rob and steal, and do all1 other vicious and annoying things, but It costs a great deal of money to apprehend and try and punish theisu Onr ertminal popahttiow 3m equal to that of. a second-class city.

Perhaps tt will even reach one of the first-class. It costs a much to feed, clothe, and guard a criminal as tt dees to snpert a good ettixea. Be society le Interested tn him te the extent ef a good, many millions of doaBtra a year tor his mere coouBemeat and support. The does set end here. The poorest poor and wickedest wicked stm propagate their species, and, as ilk begets like, children are bora hungry, debased, and almost criminal.

The bias of waal and erlsae tadeuV bly stamped vinos their aatarea, sad they si most inevitably swell the ranks mt thea who prey epos the mere prosperous classes ef ss cjeiy. laocas sUlL they perpstnata. tloa d1ras, Which demoralise sad destroy ethers sa well ss themselves. Tbe spores which mn easts from the aostrlU of th poor And lodgement in the veins of the rich. Infection de-strovs the high ss well as the low.

If the Afalthuataa doctrine could be earned a little farther, and the world eoahaj be as sured that tbe Door man whose labor Talis to yield him a support would thereupon die, sad nt dependent wife snd children die with htm. tbe "science" of political eeosotny would be areauy aianpaned as tbe world would eoa- eern Itseir very little about Dorertv. A It k. rery fortunately for the "lower classes," ss we can them, th "better classes" ore compelled by the Instinct of self preservation to tudy their conditions, sad society Is Impelled to better them, not wholly for the sake of the poor, but especially for the sake of the rich. Thu tbe collective happiness, the general welfare, which is the true test of all National policy, depeuds directly upon th number of those whose labor falls to provide a sum- cleiicr of the necessaries of lifo su.i tho un.

dency to Increase or diminish the ratio it sustains to the aggregate of population. It is from tbe contemplation of these fact that we deduce the principle which lies at the very foundation of all true political economy. Notion No. 34 la social, In physical science, fear 1 the chief motive of progress. A tbe flrst step toward securing the general health Is the careful study of dlsesse, so the secret of good government and healthful economic eouditlons la to be found, not In a study of the rich man's wealth, bnt by a thorough oompreheusidu of the poor man's poverty.

JOHN WORKMAN. Coprrishted. 1HB2. by g. H.

Nixon. AMUSEMENTS. CENTRAL MUSIC HALL. When Ignace J. Paderewski ptepped upon the stag at Central Music Hall but evening, he was given a kindly welcome such as is ac corded one who.

still a comparative stranger, has made a pleading impression. As th evening progressed the applause continued and grew in volume and when the player had interpreted tbe lart number upon tbe programme, he wa twice recalled and made to listen to such evidence of approbation as would have been music even to a Napoleon. The audience that thus paid tribute to this genius from foreign shore was one of the urgent that ever assembled in the large hall named. The programme that wa presented was one of great interest, being thoroughly eclectic in its composition and, therefore, var ed and full of contrast. It technical difficulty a'one was sufficient to appal an ordinary pianist, unless he vm so ordinary as to imagine nothing too difficult for him.

The several numners. in the ordr played, were the Bethoven sonata op. 63. Schumann's Pnpilions, Liszt's transcription ot Schubert' "Erf King." four Chopin number, th second Ballade, an etude, op. 25, a nocture and tho Valae in a sharp minor, pBderewski a "Melody" and "Min-uvt," and Liszt's second Hungarian Rhapso-die.

Fadereweki is a veritable Titan at the piano. Ordinary canon of criliciam are made valueless by tbe memory of his skill, and enthusiasm aroused his art and magnetism is so great that it is difficult to refrain from employing term cuioistic that they would aeem ridiculous when applied to a human interpre'er of melody. Paderewski master tbe keyboard aa he doe his audience. His command of both is so complete, absolute that the mind marvel at skill so perfect, at art so imperial. Padarewski's value as an interperter centers first in his unique and calm personality with it wealth of magnetism, and then broaden a soul.ulneaa guide the fingera that have mastered every pha-e and form and degree of clinical accomplishment.

Paderewski is rich in repose and contrast, powerful in his control of the instrument. He is exact, correct, a slave to detail and fine, a king in ceutfa and force. Breadth of DurDoae and delicacy of extcution are allied a tenderly an the tints of a rainbow, lie attack ttM piano with the power of a conquering hero, then touches it with tha tenderest of caresses. Not a I thirty-second of a note is overlooked or care- lestdy handled, not a tone, nor its variation is ighted. In giving tone value and tone dior to the individual compoaeta he is a master, as he is in all he does.

Tha word marvelous applies to every phase of his endeavor, be it of execution or of sentiment, and then, too, there is a certain sens of reality in many of his resd.ng that put to bam tbe interpretations of mind less ioity. In Paderewski are united all the qualities of passion, of intellectuality, of poetry, of abandon, and the deep, unassailable sense of artistic environment Ahat nave been found singly in o.her interpreters considered g.eat in day gone by, and he never ailow hia musical personality which fills his art to obtrude through that art. He never take a technical liberty for the mere purpose of technical display. It is true that in the sharp minor Valae, of Chopin, he douoled the time toward the end, but tbe number seemed all the brighter for it. His plarimz of the Erl Kins wa notably great and impressive.

It was a tragedy told in tones, a legend unfolded in meuxty. It was played with all the grandeur of nature and all the soulfulneas of poetry. Th Chopin etude he played to de- ngntiuuy mat to audience demanded it rrrv eti'ion, a request cheerfully coinDlied with. Alter ui inopin uL-e in sharp minor, he played for an encore the Chopin Vale in A flat, Hi own "Melody" and "Minuet were genuine gems of melody and grace, th latter particularly be ing happy and full of dainty weetneeb in c.asAic form. Indeed, hi Jielodv sun.

zestod a modern Chopin, as hie "Minuet" aid a nineteenth century Haydn, the terms being employed in their most complimentary sens. Hi interpretation of the Liszt Rhnpsodie was a revelnt.on in itself, a revelation of rhapsodic beauty and dash. Tli next concert with an entire change of program me will be given to-morrow after noon. HAYMARKET. There is the momentum of robust sensation in the new play, "Jack Royal of the 92d, now to be seen at tbe Haymarket, by means of which the sobriety of emotional audiences is bowled over, snd that emotionless but energised young horse trainer, Mr.

Harry Lecy. is swept forward to a new popu arity. It i a melodrama, in which the excitements of tbe civil war and those of labor agitations are about equally balanced, the hero being no lew successful in pacifying strikers, quelling a riot, routing a mob, or putting down the rebellion. At an achiever of the im possible and the doer of deeds of which no other being is cansbte. Jack Royal is the ne plus ultra of dramatic heroes.

He i a prodigy of nerve and precision, a marvel ot prophcte certitude, a paragon of all the element that in the chemical laboratory of supreme vir.ue congeal into ics; snd he confront a howling mob of bloodthirstv lufOana with the same unruffled composure with which he delivers an automatic kiea upon the Hps of bis ardent sweetheart. Wo have had in the lighter clas of play example of bias LnglUhmaa who. temuorarilv throwing off habitual languor to knock down a troublesome blackguard, wearily adjust their cuffs I got done tailing. But these suggestions of i imperturoanie nervous composure are raving esiauajasts compared, with the serene oonconeern of danger and superb self-control of Mr. Lacy' Jaek Royal.

On leeis like flinging Bat aloft and splitting throat in triumphant glorias when in the third act Mr. Lacy as th. redoubtabe Jack iioyal make love to Kate Dels plum with the pre cise mechanism of a town clock Banking tn hour ef nooov and wtth the ardor of frost enveloping an icicle. Thia is tho very excel. en of re pone, and as repose is one of the chief aims of art, Mr.

Lecy may with more then accustomed confidents proclaim, himself the nonpareil of artists. The tact is, however, that this artist has never been seen to bettor advantage than in the melodrama that the aetata anther (Nyau Crinkle, say ear-bussing rumor) aeems to hare fsshioned expressly With a view to a hero as insensate to emotion a Mr. Lacy himself, is. Being temperamentally fitted with a part Mr. Lecy acquits himself in a way to escape the gad of his enemies the critics and even dodge into their praises.

Not to act i sometime viitoe, snd Mr. Lacy ia very virtuous in "Jack 'Royal off the 92d." play ia one of mixed qualities, with popular merit predominating. It i adapted to the sensation laving emotion i of the pub-lie, has 'some strong- effeets that reminds one of msnj good plays' that -have erred their tune ss estertainer, including that Bad oldT txpedlamf that Intoxeited anJ please whet El ot Gray shouted "Up Lameer, or something similsr to the honor of -Roaedale." Thee device are well ettployed, however, as are those of the strikers, the mob, and the march of volun- leer to the war. The play is well con-trueted ineidenially and lie -points are adroitly and consistently mad. It dialogue i good, its action brisk and sometimes x-eiung.

and there is a pa.ata.oie sort of eoea edy that occasionally calches tbe glint of wit. The plot i somewhat recklessly con be characters do not indicate that knowledge of positive human nature of which we believe the venerable author to be pOkeed, snd the drsmstio value of tbe story it not proportioned to the sensationalism of the conspicuous, incidents, but, for the end to which it was created, "Jack Royal of the 92d" is a good play, for it prorty well a.u:ed of popular succet. One of the best scenes of the ilav ia that snowing tne Iron oris in operation, the red glare of the forge falling over the numerous fUnnt abirted men buiy at anvil or smelter, and presently illuminating tbe gnm and grin.ey face of the de-tructian-bent mob throuith which Jaek Royal drives hi plunging team to drag bs first completed cannon to tbe train. This, by tbe way, it one of Jack's achieved feats, getting sway single-handed the caonort thataaisfu-rinted mob is determined shall not leave the works. But popu ar audiences delight in the accomplishment of the impossible, and Nym Crinkle is a playwright wise in hi generation.

Mis Liaeth de Baroa is a praiseworthy actress, bright, intelligent, earnest, and plays the part of Kate admirably. Good work, so far as there is opportunity for good work, is done by Myron Calica, Hurry Hotto, J. U. Fi zpatrick, Claud 11. Browns, Jamej trick-aye.

Mis Kate Hawthorn, and by Frank Hatch, the company being well eontituted. Mr. Lacy find use for hi two beautiful borse. The play is well and effectively produced, and is applauded by large audiences at the Haymarket. AN AMATEUR COM PANT.

Yesterday afternoon an audience of good sis and choice character witnessed the first appearance of the new Amateur Drsmatio S.ock Company in a pleasing performance of Bronaon Howard's "Young Mr. Winlhrop." The play wa beautifully mounted, artistic car governing tbe stag treatment of tbe several cenes. and the company give the interesting play with so much intelligence and ability that th hope of good result from thi amateur organisation may be cheerfully entertainud. Mrs. M.

A. Loring acted the part of Mr. Richard Chstwyn with profesiu jnsl skill and a remarkable command of comedy, and wa deservedly qom parable to the somewhat celebrated actress who assumed thi role when tbe was regularly given in this ei.y number of year ago. Mr. Keeper in the title role wa very praiseworthy sough she did not dress the pert beeomingiy.

Mr. Kendall Weston would perhaps do belter for a time to confine hi work to stag direction, though a Douglas Winthrop hia acting wa correct and at time impressive. Miss Laura liucklin was charming in the juvenile rot of Edith, her beauty and grace well becoming the char acter. Mr. Kinn, though youth cropped through his through mask of age.

was quit good as Burton Scott, and Mr. Hail was excellent as Dr. Millbanks. Miss Oibson and Mr. Spencer were agreeable.

Tbe performance was in every way encouraging, and the cnarity for which it was given will realize a substantial benefit. BOSTON'S NIW THEATER. Bostob. Feb. 16.

Sptcial TtUgram. ston's tenth theater, tha new Bowdoin Square, was opened last night by Nellie Mo Henry in "A Night at the Circus." The house was crowded, and the opening wa as success ful and auspicious aa th managers could have desired. The theater will seat about 1.600. It is built on tbe site of Maynard'a Stab'e, once the most famous resort for por. in Boston.

Tb entrance is imposing. Tho vestibule is roomy and handsomely 'decora tod. The lobby leading from it is high-studded and prettily decorated. Iron it tbe lobby stair lead to the balcony. Th inte rior decoration are plensiug and restful to the eye, tbe principal, work having been confined to th rosctnium and th the finish being in old ivory tints.

The stage is th largest in the city, with tbe exception of the Boston Theater. William Harris and Chares F. Atkinson are the managers. At the close of tae second act to-night-' Manager Harris was-called forth and made neat little speech. Mr.

C. H. BachalL, the architect, wa abo called out, and was presented with a hand-omely framed testimonial from the Plasterers Union in recognition of hi courtesy and fair treatment. WILL KETIRB FROM OPERA. Nsw Yosk, Feb.

16. Special Telegram. Maurice Orau made the announcement to-day that he and Henry E. Abbey bad decided to retire from the operatic field at the end of the season, and bad so informed the director of the Metropolitan Opera Hons. Mr.

Grau said that while be and Mr. Abbey were aatistial with the artistic and financial success of their operatic enterprise this year, tbey concluded that it wou.d be too much for' them to undertake to carry on all their large theatrical and musical enterprises for another Tin sill Du.k.all..J Ml. great stars next year. GENERAL MENTION. Tbe Chicago Conservatory will give a pupils concert to-morrow evening at Central Musio Hail.

Agnes Herndon is attracting large audiences in "La Betle Marie" at the Clark Street Theater. Miss Herndon asurnee a dual role of Jean Ingieside and Marie da Bois in a stylo that pleases her audiences. J.ne support en- i list Frank Kilday. LP. Hick.

Boss Paxtoa, Caroline E.berta, Belle Tucker, and other. Little Lottie Briscoe, a child actress, is one of the most interesting personage of the com. 1 pany. Mattie Vicker presented her new piece, "The Circus Queen." to large audiences Sunday at Havlia'a. Th circus far evidently far 1 in the background and used largely for bill- board effect, The ''interruptions are cer tainly happy in lebeving the monotony of the entertainment Mia Vicker saves the piece by her own sprightly personality, and assumes four characters.

The specialties of the Sy bells was a popular feature. A change for the better has again taken place in the Madison Street Opera House, and once more a plea-ing burlesque company is playing a two weeks' engagement at that now popular hotre. Th May Russell company appeared there yesterday afternoon and even- ing, giving two of the most enjoyable par- formancee seen at that boose. There sre nearly forty good-looking and sprightly women and ten funny comedians and specialty artists. The duo of brunette's, The Prises' and "Jack' Ante" are amusing.

A large and. thoroughly appreciative audience greeted Henry Chanf rau in "Kit, tho Arkanaw Traveller." at the People' Sunday af ernoon. Tbe old familiar play aeems to re- rain nu it lonuor iuaiitj era. due no donbt to the fact that young Chan. frau teeks to retain all the eVll-known features in his characterixation of "Kit" mad widely popular by hi father.

A company of more than average merit ia seen in toe east Littlo Edna, a precocious little maiden, captured -the audience at once. It is four years since TT mras lut Man an illA finnth Side. Tb Bostoninns will appear at tha Chicago Oners House next Monday night for one week only, and. contrary to the usual custom. will give a wedaetday.

matinee aa well as one on Saturday. Owing to numerous request, Hood," the opera by Harry Tt Smith and Rrina'd TVs Rm which received its premiere at too tnicago vpera xiouse, ana nas suDeequenuy been -so successful in New York, Boston. Philadelphia, and London, will bo given all I- tire iwi, a am peiwjasei oi toe wver-litvorite -r Bostoninns remain the same as heretofore. except tnat a nee prima donna, Mia CasnuijrH D'Arville, aa recently joined tbe company. Salter Boys Going Into Training.

Sab Fbasgooo, Cbl; Feb, IS. The steamer San Juan arrived to-day rem 'Panama and way porta. She brought hot little news front Central America. Among her passengers were" twenty-five sailor boy from New York on their way to join the training ship ladepeod. at stare island.

A Chicago letter carrier aayst "Hood" Bares parilla cured me of aenacnlar.