The Times from London, Greater London, England • Page 11

THE TIMES, TUESDAY, JANUARY ltll AERONAUTICS IN 1911. FOREIGN PROGRESS. By English, people, at all events, not much pVNV uir is to be derived from looking back upon the aeronautical record of the peat jeer. The world baa witnessed many remarkable feats the science and art of flying hava each made considerable progress the practical value of the aeroplane has been demonstrated a it has never been demonstrated before. But, so far as Knglanri is concerned, even the most optimistic, whether of the public, which has to believe what it is told, or of the expert, whose business it is to know, must regretfully acknowledge that the fair promises of 1910 haw not been fulfilled in 191 1.

Kbknch Enthusiasm v. British Calm. It is the French who have achieved most of the records it is the French who have won the big prises it is the French who hava led the way in treating the asreplsite as a serious instrument of war. For various reasons and by various methods the French still retain their inestimable advantage of an early start. Whether the English will ultimately catch them, as they have caught them in the realm of mo tonus.

matter, at present, of pious opinion. There is, indeed, good reason to hope that they will. We have at least as great scientific knowledge, we have certainly greater ogincering ability, we have equally courageous men. What we lack, apart from experience, enthusiasm that faculty of tha imagination a hu prompts a people like the French to devote Hi aa idea and to shrink from no aacrifices because it believes the idea to be sound. With as tie enthusiasm does not come until the idea lus been shown to pay.

There is little hope for aviation in this country until public opinion believes it to be worth while." Now. if the British public were not preoccupied with politics it would have a serious and legitimate grievance with regard to the maimer in which it has been misled by the greater' number of those who write and speak on aviation. If half that has been asserted were true, flying would already be a recognized means of social intercourse, and the result of every flying competition, as formerly of every motor competition, would be a rush on the part of the public to buy machines of the successful type. Nothing of the sort is the case, and the public shows no sign of rushing at alL The public very prudently, is waiting until flying seems worth doing for the ordinary man. What the ordinary man wants is to be able to competition closed on Asm! 5, the British airman Valentine and Cody also nwjlliiinl the course.

Fortunate in it immunity from the faster of the two. But was a highly trained and educated man, won because he flew with bis head. To naval training, him. he had at study of aviation 1 New York. 1.265 miles, nerf armed bv a the flying time of 28 h.

end the iember 17 to November 6) brain work as to the hick which he not flying that he won in three races his nommatioi for the Legion of Honour and nearly 21.000. Among other important National Circuit, in which a race of 1,100 miles from Berlin to Kiel, Mssjieiniig. and other towns and back was won by Konig on a biplane with a passenger, the flight from St. Louis to 6)bvR the Atlantic to the Pacific, in which 4.23 1 miles in the flying time of 82h. 4mm.

Nothing shows the nrosreas in flviryr which has been made in the past four years more impressively than the following list of re ISO. ilbur WriajhMbhf uL'e). Watt. 1909. Paolaaa fhesiaaeh IJAXU miles an hour.

i i o. lytuanr (monoplane. S7 mile aa hour. 1011. import (monoplane).

85 miles an hour. Distance in a Si.nouc Flight. 190s. Wilbur Wright (biplane), 77 miles. 1909.

Fanaaa fbtnlnncL 14 5 miles. 1910. Tabnteau 1911. (Sob (monoplane). SS miles.

Duration or a Single (biplane), 3S5 1908. ilbur Wright (biplane). 2h. 20nuh. 23a 1909.

Krmin (biplane), h. 1 Train. fiSare. 1910. Kimun (liir lanei.

Rh. ISmin. 1911. Fonrny (bipUae), llh. lmin.

SSaec. DraATioN of a SmoLa Fuuiir wna OyrrAjeatiai 1909. Wilbur Wright (biplane). Th. SSmin.

7isee. 1910. Cammerman (biplane), 4a. anav 111. Snvelaek (monoplane).

4h. 33min. Notes. Bresoet fbfolene) has earned with him a diatanee of three aulas, MDe, Datriea 2h. 38mm.

To Kagllst Channel awM1 times to the end of 1910. Aviation Mxmxos. Except in Germany, the United States, and Russia, which until last year were behind other countries from, the point of view of popular interest in aviation, the aerodrome meet fiv where be likes and when he likes without organised as a sennetfonal show has, being cither a hero or an acrobat. He cannot fortunately, become obsolete. The it on at least two occasions Amenaa, hopes doomed to disappointment.

Much hard 111611 were driven by tne jeers of the crowd to teamwork will have to be done, many lives, awwmp nunim ejuv wm annn amso perhaps, will have to be sacrificed, many The foolish conduct of certain airmen in this the youncsters who represent exhibitors at 3 cnfifed. 'ff fjy show, before a maenme is evolved which will persuade the public in this country hat flying aaa come to stay. Cboss Cootby Fucbts. The principal feature of the year, though probably not the most important for the progress of aviation, has bean the prolonged crosscountry flights which have traversed various countries, and especially on the Continent of Europe. Cm March 7 Eugene Renaux flew with a passenger from Paris to the top of the Puy de Dome, a distance of 210 miles, thereby winning the prize of 4.000 offered by M.

Michnlin. which had been open far nearly three years. The journey, which included one landing en route to fill up the petrol tank, occupied hours 20 minutes. April 12 Pierre Prior flew without stopping from London to Paris in 3 hours 66 minutes. The leaser cross country flights from place to place in the same country, both by to be regarded as matters of course, though i involved feats of skill and endur 1 if the public had had time to become exerted about them.

The first great international contest of the year, and one which, owing to the aad incident attending its start on May 21, attracted the attention of the whole world, was the flight from. Paris to Madrid. For this flight of 727 miles 23 airmen entered and six started. Only one, the French mechanic Vearinea, succeeded in reaching Madrid, Ins actual time in the air being 12b. ISmin.

and his joanev being performed with only one unpre rnedrtated landing. The death of M. Berteaux, by a monoplane while the airman. Train, was endeavouring to rise above the crowd, drew attention to the necessity of protecting ftpectators, so far as puaafble, from the risks inevitably involved by the flight near them of machines at a moderate height from the ground. A few days later, on May 28.

the start took place of a race from Paris to Turin by way of Rome, a distance of 1,300 miles. Of the 21 competitors who entered 12 started. Several military officers also took part in the portion of the contest lying within French territory. After every kind of misfortune, including bad weather. Naval lieutenant Uonneau, soon to become better known to the British public as "Beaumont," reached Rome (911 miles) in 2L Smin.

He was followed by Garros in 1 'Gli. by Fray, and by Vidart. Frey alone attempted the final stage to Turin, and in dome? so met with a serious accident. Next month came the so called European Circuit, which, starting from Paris on June 18, lasted, owing to unfavourable weather, nearly three weeks. The route, of about 1,000 miles, induded France, Belgium, Holland, and Eng aeddents marred the opening day.

'ewwito of the contest soon net cent, of the survivors. Twelve oompo reached ir" and eight returned i The European Circuit, remarkable test as it was of the courage and endurance, not only of competitors, bat of those whose duty compelled them to follow it on wheels, was in many ways as unsatisfactory a i wo amasn had was placed upon the Hfeeted en route. This gave an unfair advantage to those firms of conatructosa which could afford to strew the course with spare inachinae. motors, propellers, and wings, and handicap? he heroism of, for example, the mechai Train, who eomnletod the first five stages the race, although equipped with no greater trophy of spare gear and tools than could be carried in a small bag. Hence the condition, laid down for the fourth great race of the year, the Circuit of Great he same motor, as also to arrive with (main previously marked portions of their iiAchine intact rendered this contest a far better and more sporting tost both of machine and of man than those winch had The Orctiit of Greet Britain was a a eoaras of 1.010 miles througn Scotland for a prise of 10,000 ofhred bv the My Mod.

start took place at Unds on July 22, when 17 oat of the 30 competitors successfully covered the first atage to Vieodon. and ended on Job with the return of Beaumont, with a at 20Jn. lmjL hat flymg tune of Sen. 30mm. flsec Before sne shocked by the death of M.

Bertanx, that Mguaauan was necessary iot tne exhibition flights over crowds, an passed with this object utry before the Coronation. While recognr the good sense of the Royal Aero Club's itude in dealing with the matter, it is impossu to pretend that the fears expressed lest the progress oi aviation should be impeded by this legislation, which has since been adopted try several other countries, have been justified. The Cordon Bennett Aviation Cop was won at Kastchurch for toe United States by Wey mann, who covered the 94 miles at an average speed oi 78 miles an hour. Military Aviation Abroad. For the first time in history toe aeroplane has bean employed in war.

in reoruary, during the Mexican rebellion, machines were used by civilians to obtain information and carry despatches for toe American side. During the military operations in Tripoli Italian officers observation of artillery fire, and some less useful bomb dropping. Both in toe French and in the German manoeuvres aeroplanes were used to a sufficient extent to satisfy the military authorities of their value. The result mav be seen from the fact that while the French Budget estimate lor aeroplane purpose in iiu 80,000. for this year the estimate The total French expenditure on last year was about 700,000.

Germany is expected to spend this year about 480.000. In the French manoeuvres 45 machines were engaged, and a German naval officer who was present reported that they flew in a wind in which no dirigible could have gone out. France, which at the end of 1910 had only 32 machines, will shortly possess 174. She has at present five dirigibles, and will have 11 by There is a flying school at Dobenta, to which 50 officers are attached, and another at Mots and others are projected at ThionviHe and Saerbruek. Germany has 12 dirigibles, hot all of them effective.

Russia has a school at Sevastopol with 23 pilots, of whom 12 took part in manrcovres. She is building three dirigibles. Italy has 15 trained officers and schools at Aviano and elsewhere. She also has three dirigibles. Rumania has eight aeroplanes, Austria only three and two dirigibles.

There are signs ootn in trance and in 304,000. fere lone come to a separate military arm. At present France places in charge of her schools the best men she can get from whatever branch of her military forces. At Chalons, for instance, the chief is a naval captain at Douai, an infantry lieutenant at Saint Cyr, an engineer at tarn pes, a captain of colonial infantry at Biskra, a cavalryman. Fifty officers and 50 non commissioned officers are seconded at a time.

At present 150 officers have taken their Aero Gab certificate. The training consists of (1) two or three months of general theoretical instruction, including ascents in balloons (2) a course of detailed instruction in frying, culminating in the Aero Club certificate (3) a finishing course for picked officers, culminating in the certificate of military airman," and involving cross country flying between points 30 miles apart, reconnaissances, and despatch carrying and dropping (4) methodical training for long journeys. The French recognise that a man may be able to fly and yet not necessarily be of any serious mihtary value. The military airman is therefore trained in observing the operations of all the other arms. As for the nm enmmasanned officers, they are regarded aa chauffeurs, whose duty it is to convey their masters, the officer observers, from place to place, as retired.

The French, rightly, as it would seem, consider that for pro loneed i ininnananfina the officer should confine himself to his proper work, leaving the acrobatic part of the boakssss to a driver of leas exalted rank. Tax Poeraow nr Gwut Bnranr. While the backwardness of this country in military aviation is generally acknowledged, though the blame is variously apportioned, the Government has during the past year shown signs of rsaHring its responsibility in or the year was about kw mueJt of this Air aad it is is to train 100 officer airmen. Hew far the prtwuat the military requirements of the nation the immediate lutore is a oanvnm question which cannot be diactved here. present mkj ana ua ui dWjbk wwjit of an ousa the "trade," which, in taw finds itself in financial stra to mrannm thn tnduatrv.

These condi tions are certainly severe and it remains to be seen whether a machine can be built to fulfil all of them. But the trade," which has HA.WKE AND OLYMPIC. TBE SUCTION THEORY. TO TUB EDITOR Off THK TIMES. uDy with Vortex's letter.

Mine was an explanation of why the so called suction theory was pot oi sard His letter seems to be an indmliim nl wttw if ahonirl not have been frequently asserted that it can turn out as good forwanr. jfjr, stated that the uusbmm i could not be calculated, but that experiment VvlnZrMiJ militarv determine whether the probable cause. eithAritiet announce their intention of making as explained, was potent enoogu to snake the the competition international, with a view to securing, as it is their duty to do, the production of the beat machines that any one in the world can build, than the home industry complained that this would merely be giving the prize to the French, who had won too much notiri F.rxrliaVt tah alrenHv The conditions. as now fixed, which were published in The PLEASURE TOURS. TO THF RIVIERA orient Lure PUBLIC APPOnrmEKT.

Times of December 15, represent a be hoDed. useful expenditure of the taxpayers which, it is to and the survival of the fittest the British builders. The recognition by the Government ot tne importance, tor purposes of war, of fostering native sources of supply, while it leaves untouched the vital question of organization for design, and ignores the special requirements ot tne navy aoogetiaw, is. at all events, a valuable sten forward. SO long as it does not blind them to the results of foreign efforts more seriously and systematic ally conducted than their own.

Dlrigibles. With few exceptions, the larger type of sir ship has again proved a failure. In England the If aval Airship 'No. 1. the Lebaudy, and the dement Bayard have come to an untimely end.

(iemianv has had hve expensive wrecks. The French dirigibles, on the other hand, have been unusually successful, the beat naiaaance being that of the Adjudant Beau, In France the dirigible is regarded as tiaOy an aircraft for night work. Casuaxttks AMD Cebttftc ates The death roll of airmen and passengers has risen from 33 at the beginning of the year to 107 at the end. Of the 74 who met their deaths in 1911 27 were French, including 11 officers and one woman, MUe. Denise Moore 13 were German.

12 American, and six English. Against this increase in deaths must be set the lan increase in the number of airmen and airwomen. The French certificates, which a year ago numbered 3,45, now number about ow, including eignt women tne onusn, 168. of which 123 we including two women Iodine 70, including three women. and the American about THE FEMINA CUP.

MLLE. DUTRIET7S SUCCESS. (rSOM OUB OWN CORRESPONDENT.) PARIS, Jaw. Mile. Dutrieu, the present holder of the Femina Cup awarded every year for the longest non stop flight by a woman, yeate became the holder of the trophy for the cm year by accomplishing at tarn pes a fine flight oi 254 kilometres (160 miles), which was only brought to an end by the carburettor of the motor becoming troxen.

At the same time a plucky attempt to i the prize from her was being made at Com piegno by MUe. Jane Herveu, who covered on a monoplane ss auomewes io muesj in 2hrs. 4 lmin, Mile. Dutrieu' time was 2hrs. The Critorium of the Aero Club de France goes to Gob for his non stop flight of 740 kilometres (462 miles) on December 24, which NAVAL AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE.

MOVEMENTS OF SHIPS. Special Service. The Lkviathan. crwaer. Cant.

E. P. C. Bark, flying the sag of Rear Adm. K.

E. Bradford, with the araSMSS Baa wick. Cast L. Chntoa Baksr, Dostoau Capt. I Halsey, aad Baaax, Capt.

J. 7. B. Green, arrrred at SU Vincent (C.V.) on Sunday. NAVAL' APPOINTMENTS.

The following appointments were mads at the Admiralty yesterday: Commander. J. C. W. Henley, to the Panwa or Walbs, addiHnnsJ.

aa flag commander to Acting Vice A dm. C. Bnraey, to date December 90. Lieutenants. O.

Codrington, to the Pianuiasi. additional, for dsethorpea W.T. Station, to date March 27 A. E. Durham, to the Aovkstcbb oa reducing, to date December 2 8.

Forbes, to the Sapphire and W. H. P. Bourne, to the Quamz (T.) and for ships of Fourth Drrkrioo of the Home Fleet, to date January H. Fitxberbert, to the nnn.

aitsitionaL as nar Beat. to Rear Adm. C. r. Stardee, to date January 5 I F.

Richardson, to the AxaoOAXT, additional, lot instruction in submarine B. A. Nlcolaoo, to the ItotcBximxm, additional, temporary, to data January aad flac lietrt. to Bear Adm. H.

L. Tottenham, to date J8ubcutenant. O. B. Coltart, to the Aaao gant, additional, for ins (ruction in submarines, to StaflPaymasier.

J. P. Batefifl, to the ST. Vnrcxjrr, additional, as secretary to Bear Adm. C.

B. Madden to date January S. asm Psononoits. (retired) J. F.

Steart has been ik of Capt. oa the Bathed List, to IVwmber 31. Lieutenant. A. B.

Harris has been placed oa the Retired list, with the rank of Commander, to date January Stuff Pa vmaster J. H. Griffiths has been advanced to the rank oi Fleet Paymaster, to dsns December 3L i the Betlnd Lict. to date December 31. Lieutenant, R.N.B.

Bedfern has been placed a the Retired list, to data December SI. Capt. R. Sterne has been awarded the Naval death of Capt. Stratford Take on December 9.

Orders have been green tor the Beams aad BarroKAJrr, g.b. 'a. aad Watkewitch, surveying tcsscI. to be paid off and recnm missioned for farther aervlee on the Chine StaStea on the arrival of the the HAWKB, ermaer. abooJt the end of are to embark in the Hawks at Portsmouth on drawDnem the Nore.for the river service, stesiaiini Txau MooKHXs, Woodcock, Boars, aad Saxd pipxr.

are also to embark in the Hawkx. fas erniser will than proceed to Deeoaport and there take oa board relief rating, far the Thwha g.h., aad aw the itvar service stsaiw mm Wmaana, Woon taax. aavn, Niohtdtqaxje, aad Knasu. AfltOaa ace la tatora to be known as fletflU ennaera. i ermaera aarvnuj tne rvarca mvtnea or too Fleet at the Norn have beaa detached tram the ahrp greapo at Chatham aad formed sate a THE AIR BATTALION.

The Director of Personal Servkao at the War Office inarriring through the General Officer, of that the pressures would balance and that the ship win net aw arte under them. The matter was pot to the teat in the experimental tank, and the results showed that the vessel would swerve. The relative merits of the explanations most be left to others to decide. His letter says the Hawke was never in the position of my side byside ships. Mine says that they were.

This is a matter of ev idence. I adhere to my statement. But, whether the were in this nosition: and the results were in th my suggested disposition of the lours zauniuuy. J. H.

biles. University, Glasgow, Dec. 25. TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES. Sir, The letter at Vortex re the Olympic aad Hawke couiaion case a couple of day ago I completely endorse.

It would not seem that cold common sense hoold need to seek the aid of science to prove that the action of water divided and deflected outwards from the entering bows of a steamer aad the particles compressed aad still forced in the same direction by the continued pressure of the following body, would be repulsive rather than attractive, aad it is significant to mark that the Judge declared that the experiments made were incon Wtth the experience of some 30 or 40 years at my back as pilot and master of large river steamer. waters of Chin where, if anywhere. the varied and mult itudinoos water craft at very Uosest range, daily and hourly to the number (without exaggeration) of many thousands I can speak with the benefit of practical experience by few or none and from such experience positively that there is no such suction as is claimed fat the above ease, aad if the deeaaon aa that theory it is entirety wrongful. There must be some explanation of the matter, but that. I am.

Sir, yours, MASTER MARINER." Dec. 2a EDITOR OF THE TIMES. TO 1 Sir, Sorely if ever any one has hit an absurdity a the head your correspondent Vortex ''has done so to the "suction myth advanced in this case. If the "auction theory was a practical reality there ought to be nothing almost but perpetual eeniaifina in such rivers as the Thames, the Tync the Tay. the Mersey, and the Med way.

write merely as a. practical man and an engi wbo was a peev tiger in the Olympic during a previous voyage, who was on deck at the same spot in daylight when another large vessel paflsod quite close, aad who has studied the evidence and the arguments aad when I state that I am amazed at what I consider to be the unfair and ridiculous decision arrived at by the Court of Admiralty I am only conveying what 99 out of every hundred similar practical men think on the subject. view of the facta is plain: the largest ship in the world lull of valuable lives cautiously threading its way tarouga the com paratively narrow channelled Southampton waters when the Hawke was espied a considerable way off coming up fast behind her. The Hawke apparently rapidly overtook the Olympic, bat instead of slowing da until the Olympic had successfully in front of her the Hawka imed the Olympic while she so far as the man in the street appears to be the whole story. Cea it be forgotten either that the Olympic was meed oa its regular serious service like a mail train, while the Hawke had seemingly only to spend certain number of hoars trials was cat as it wej tor the day aad at play in comparison, aad coal easily have stopped or slewed down aa Vortex shews until, the danger rone was passed Vortex has pointed out, it, as mast be sathered, the Hawke knew all about the section leory, bow did she not stop or slow down before te came near the Olympic The Olympic again apparently knew nothing about toe suction my aad waen sne yaCAMCTKS FOB fCgff Lssvhag VomOmjJa.

5. IS. Feb. 2, IS sa'ewt. pJSLJ Jfl.

R.M.s.p. gggfii tours sstMw: MOROCCO. npHos. COOK a SON PROGRAMME WINTER SCKSHDOB," roa JHJYPT end THE KILE, pauatna. itaxt.

rxnta. bivixba. Arnica. spaoc ACSTBALASTA. POKTCGAI yy? INTER SPORT SwTTggBT.SP, aOBWAT.

CaSADa. te. nMaencsTT aanjosTaoPXBaix abba TOUND THE WORLD TOURS. The TranaatUnUc, sad g. Ceesaau Efeat Iraaalc CHARITIES, flTPT HOSPITAL.

8JL, KEMPS help. PRINCE ALEXANDER OF TECK PRBADsOTPQHT seamen 8EAMEN HOSFTTAL, Oram mu CJLG. CHARING CROSS HOSPITAL, W.C. ST. MARK'S HOSPITAL for CANCER.

KI8TULA aaS Otaw DtSZASEH ef tfes KBCTUM. nty raad. K.C. SOWDBX. 8eeratarr.

Baxr uaosaTLY ETRO PO LITNOTTAUKipriand nmd, UBCrn.T NXBDSO. aad VBBV So'uciT J. BOCBAKaX. flscsstair aad Hl Govwao Did, however, the Hawks know anything about "swetioa ''theory If aha did. why was it oery to bring aa American all the way from tea to ollompt to prows that there in the "suction idea after all? Was dge of this sucti to the experts of the greatest maritime nation in the had te be inenrred for the Olympic in the The Olympic is a Britam v.

been a foreign ship, say either German Oner, what would have been the inter iional effect of saeh a derision aa that of the Admiralty Court in the eireox It scarcely possible to sink the Olympic hot Fortunately the accident took place in broad dayhght, the sea was eafaa and the weather fine. waters better at least than his jadges, bat he is the aaa who la held to be at faaJt, wbDe toe see aors are whitewashed by the Oawrt, If there was a esse for appeal before another tribunal, this appears to be that case. ENGINEER. THE PILOT QUESTION. TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.

Sir, la year same of yesterday yon publish aa interesting letter from Sir Edward Seymour on the abject of the Hawke Olympic collision. He seems to think it is unjust that a merchant vessel in charge sosassusary suot saoaia aa rree or au ttaoaaty far damage deae to others through the errors of the pBot. But surely nothing can be mow unjust than to compel the owner, of a merchant vessel to entrust her to a nswteator whaoo character and prefreaifaasl abilities the owners are not painsltsd to teat in any way, ana then ask them to pay fur Ins misdeeds. The teas solution of the difficulty fa to abofiah pilotage altogether, and let merchant vessels, like men of war. decide for themselves balloons and kites, (b) airships, (e) aeroplane.

The fa aw ihf amass at the legal pea 'JfSZ twT farmer pflotag. is arway. voluntary, aad a seat at aeroplane pflota. Offiear. taking wp captive haSte te, tne esrem of a aim uaea voasa QABCKB HOSPITAL (Free QTJEMBCHABLOTTa8YrXO.nr HOSPITAL.

FrallS UBGB3TTLY WBTOBP. WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL 3T. PETER'S HOSPITAL for Stone. Finis ill I Hal CAUTIONS AND NOT1CE8. CAUTION.

BRAXD aad Oo.s ESSENCE of BEEF rXAUTI ON. GKNUrNE CHLORODYNE. Each bottle JU t. tta iiB tiuss assadrto awato wMs. sam.

icmlrt BBbw5t la. udTav at. asdel; PUBUCATIONS. STERILE MARRIAGE IU Oaase aad Curative Treatment. By a ate Senior PhyrtcU to a Htsadal tor FURNITURE.

Re the late LOUISA LADY ASHBURTON. The fate LAST STEWART. The late SIB FREDERICK GRAHAM MOON. The late Honourable AT JOT ANDBB TOBXaVh "AS3(iSisa lt'BNTTTKaAMIEFFaTa" TnTBTY00BBn aoons EiT ''iamdVrartaas TnCsur rcix CATALOGunsyrucrf 5sr no Hyanf hi awaaW Saatda CITY OFLCIWOSPITAL FOR DISEASES OF THE CHEST, waaDoaAnbs LBcacrr. rjTHB METROPOLITAN sad BMLZZP AUCTION SUMMARY.

The following Ustef Sales by Auction torn to day te imtary 8 fasahawea fa eompUad from the ad is. lias teat columns of TXe Twass at to day 's oats, which lould he ronsaltrit for details Page aad eeJasna re given fer fsrWaahtg I II acjao stocx QHavTMO with EASE and COMFORT. All Sam who COALS, COKE, Sc. OOCT KB ELL'S COALS. QEO.

J. COCKERELL and Tower House, COCCUQBUHOCtlK 00AL atTu. THE TIMES EDUCATIONAL STJPPLKMKNT.