Evening star from Washington, District of Columbia • 34

Descendants of Civil War Heroes Enter War of 1917 A FIFTY years ago the wounds of the war between the states had not begun to heal. The bitterness between Yankceland and Dixie was no softer than It had been two years before, when Lee laid down his arms at Appomattox. In 1S67 the armies were practically Intact, their leaders alive and, perhaps, the last idea occurring to the opponents was that either would ever be, in another generation, fighting- together elde by side under one flag. Now over all waves one Old Glory and under Its eheltering folds the Blue and Gray will carry its victories across the ocean in another triumph for liberty. And this Memorial day may well mean more in patriotic sentiment and fervor than has any before.

In the streets of the National Capital today there Is a new and bustling scene. The city is the nucleus of the war preparations. Officers in snugly fitting uniforms are seen every moment Slurrying about the departments. The blue and gray have been superseded by the khaki tine, which is worn by spry, snappy men whose fathers and grandfathers faced each other across battle smoke more than fifty years ago. Of all the names which stand out conspicuously in the annals of the civil war.

those of Grant and Lee are the most prominent. And today two grandsons of Gen. Grant and a nephew of Gen Lee are officers in the service. Maj. U.

S. Grant. 3d. engineers, is now stationed in Washington and in active duty in the War Department. His father, the late Gen.

Frederick Dent Grant, was the son of Gen. U. S. Grant, and for a loner time was in command at Governors Island. Maj.

Grant is a West Pointer. He is married and has three I rag (Copyright, 1917. by Frank NEW ORLEANS. La. A BIG part of our food for the future will come from the low, wet lands along the Mexican gulf.

I motored this morning through a 7.000-acre plantation. which has risen from the bed of a swamp. This great farm is within five miles of New Orleans and in the very heart of the Mississippi deltaFive years ago it was covered with water, and it adjoins a territory which is more dreary than the darkest parts of the Dismal Swamp of Virginia. On one side of it is Lake Pontchartrain, and on another are forests of cypress rising out of marshes and swamps. Today there are still a hundred acres of the original swamp on the property, and this has been preserved to show the miracle made possible by pumping and draining the flooded lands of the delta.

This land is covered with trees and ihe water extends far up their trunks. The remainder of the tract is as dry as a bone. The water, the marsh and the trees have all disappeared, and the soil is so smooth that it crumbles to dust in your hind. There is hardly a stone or pebble in the whole 7,000 acres, and its fertility such that it surpasses that of the valleys of the Mosopotumia, the Nile or the Ganges. The tract has been cut up into small farms, and tens of thousands of orange trees are growing upon it.

Between the rows, crops of various kinds have been planted, and an army of negroes and whites is working the fields. My visit to this farm was to investigate the potential bread basket that Uncle Sam has way down here at the mouth of the Mississippi. Our war with the Germans and the high prices of grain and meat demand that the food lands of the United States be increased. Before the troubles in Europe began we were already importing coin and beef from Argentina and mutton from Australia. Our population has been growing faster than our food supply, and trie gieat American stomacn had already surpassed in size the materials needed to fill it.

With the new immigration from Europe at close of the war, the demand will be lartrer than ever, and it is absolutely necessary that we increase our agricultural empire to the fullest extent. We are doing something toward this by reclaiming the dry lands of the west, but their possibilities are nothing in comparison with the potential food wealth now lying in the swamps of the south, and especially in the Mississippi delta According to the scientists of the geological survey, there are in the neighborhood of 80.000.000 acres of good land in the United States which is more or less covered with water. This, at the lowest calculation, represents a country bigger than Great Britain and Ireland. It is equal to the three states of Indiana. Illinois and Ohio, and it is ten times as big as that little garden patch which we know as Holland.

The of our swamps is also ten times a- rich a.s that of the Netherlands. Nevertheless. Holland is now feeding almost six million people, and at the ratio our swamps could feed sixty millions, or ten millions more than half of all the people in the country today. A great part of these swamps lie in the south, and vast drainage projects are under way to reclaim them. I know of one little tract in North Carolina.

A few years ago it was celebrated as the largest lake of that state, its name was Lake Mattamuskeet. it covered fifty thousand acres, and almost every part of it had water deep enough to have drowned lie Cardiff Giant if stood upright within it. Today a colony on that land has the title oi New Holland. The tract has been divided up into farms, and one of the pumping stations of the world keeps it as dry as is for cotton, tobacco and corn. The surplus water is carried off into the Atlantic ocean through Pamlico sound.

Other big drainage projects are going on in North Carolina. South Carolina astd Florida. The lower part of Florida. which is three hundred miles long almost as big as Indiana, is made tp. of lowlands, covered with water.

CAPT. FITZHL'GH LEE, Son of the Confederate general, Lee. (Coryright by Harris Irving.) little girls, the youngest a baby just toddling. A great-grandson of Gen. Grant recently joined the army in New York.

This young man, Ulysses S. Grant, 4th, had been employed in the office of J. P. Morgan, but resigned to join the colors at the breaking out of war a few weeks ago. He is a cousin to Maj.

U. S. Grant. Gen. Robert E.

Lee's nephew. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee, has a son a captain of cavalry at Fort Bliss. Tex. Capt.

Fitzhugh Lee, who is a West Pointer, was at one time stationed at the White House as presidential aid, but is now seeing active service and will probably have some experience in the battle lines These are being drained by private parties and by the state. The Everglades, containing something like four million acres, art1 a drowned prairie of wonderful fertility. They are being drained by the state, and they will eventually be turned into a semi-tropical garden patch for feeding the north. More important than all. however, are the swamp lands of the Mississippi valley, which contain altogether something like twenty million acres of the richest soil upon earth.

I am told there are nearly ten million acres in southern Louisiana alone, and that vast tracts, easily reclaimable, lie in Mississippi and the other states farther north. Under these swamps is the cream of the soil of the United States. The Mississippi-Missouri, the longest river of the world, is one of the greatest robbers on earth. For countless ages, year after year, it has been tearing down and carrying away the soil of the vast Mississippi basin and dropping it down here on the ancient bed of the sea. The geologists say that the Gulf of Mexico once extended northward to the mouth of the Ohio, and that all the land between there and New Orleans has been built up by the earthwashings brought down by the river.

Even now. the stream carries on the average something like four hundred million tons every year. From the Missouri alone comes one hundred and twenty tons every second, or more than ten million cubic yards every day. Four hundred million tons every year! The amount Is so great that we canDRAIMXG THK DELTA. not comprehend it in figures.

If it were loaded on cars at rtfty tons to the car, it would take eight million cars to carry the load, and the train would be long enough to reach twice around the earth and almost twice through the center. If a flume three feet wide and three feet deep could be built from the earth to the moon, that trainload of dirt would be almost enough to fill the great box to the top, and it might all come from the silt brought down by the Mississippi within the space of twelve months. As I have said, this soil the cream of our country. It comes from thirty different states, and from an area equal to one-third of the Union. The deposits range in depth up to two or three thousand feet, and on the top of it vegetation has grown and decayed until it is covered with a layer of humus a foot or so deep, which contains a maximum of nitrogen, one of the most costly kinds of plant food.

According to Herman E. Baer. a soil chemist of the Illinois University, the soil of southern Louisiana has enough plant food to produce a thousand crops of corn at rtfty bushels to the acre without artificial fertilization. I have recently traveled over a great part, of this country. In coming from Memphis to New Orleans on the Illinois I passed many plantations of rich black loam which are close to the swamps, and the so.I makes the best crops of cotton and corn.

The Queen and Crescent railway from Birmingham to New Orleans goes through a large area of swamps, and are other extensive regions that will have river and rail transportation when the is reclaimed. I have also come lip the Mississippi from Gulf of Mexico through the flood of silt flowing out into the ocean. The water is as thick as pea soup. The ocean is muddy for miles before you reach the mouth of the Mississippi river, and a little further up the banks of the river are covered with gardens and orange groves. Tho highlands of the delta about New Orleans are said to be more thickly populated than Holland or Belgium, and the swamps when reclaimed will undoubtedly support a vast number of people.

The geographers of the geological survey have already made topographic maps of a large part this territory. They have gone over it section by section, exploring the swamps on foot, on horseback and in boats, making their charts. The charts are peppered with figures, each of which shows the height of land or depth of water under the spot which it marks. They give every hill and hollow, and every stream. The bayous are drawn to a scale, and the whole district is so shown that the civil engineers can easily make working plans for its drainage.

This is being done by the national CAPT. PHILIP H. SHERIDAN, Son of Gen. P. H.

Sheridan. (Copyright by Harrl. Ewinj.) of Europe. His father was a (treat cavairy leader and the son no doubt inherltg the trartitlonal Virginia love for horses and riding. Kobert 15.

Lee has no grandsons in the army, one of them, Kobert E. I.ee. being a lawyer, and Boiling, the second grandson, is a physician in These two young men are s5n.s.of Gen. W. H.

P. Lee, who was one or the great Confederate leader's children. Eve7? schoolboy is familiar with Sheridan Ride." and will be interested to know that young Philip II. Sheridan, son of "Little Phil." is a captain under Sam now. Capt.

oheridan has been stationed for some Oimdlceir Way government. In addition, the states are enacting drainage laws to enable tM'ir people to drain the swamps for themselves. Here in Louisiana the land owners of any drainage district can form an organization and issue bonds to raise funds for leveling, digging ditches and building a pumping plant. plans must be approved by the state engineer and the interest on the bonds is paid by an annual drainage tax. which ranges from 52 to per acre.

After the work is completed, the cost of keeping the land drained is, it is said, between 50 and 75 cents an acre per annum. The drainage pumps have to be operated something like twenty-five' days of the year, and the land produces so many crops that the tax is said to be nominal. There are now something like twentvnve companies at work draining the swamps not far from New Orleans. The projects are of various sizes, and they cover upwards of a half million acres. Some of the tracts are devoted to small farms, others to orchards and others to grain, corn and cotton.

Thev are now working on one tract of 16,000 acres, which is to be piven over to ranching and stock raising. I am told that manv thousands of acres are involved in the plans of the companies at work, and that a large part of the money invested is that of the bankers and other capitalists here at New Orleans. In conneotion with this subject I have had talk with Walter Parker, the general manager of the New Orleans Association of Commerce. He tells me that 5,000 acres form the most economic unit for drainage, and he estimates that it costs about $35 an acre to put in levees, canals and pumping plants. This cannot include the clearing of the land of trees and stumps, which is no small matter.

9 -Said Mr. Parker: "This region is developing rapidly through the object lesson shown by the success of the drainage works established in the city of New Orleans. We find that if we have leZ 0t height and strength aiound any district we can put in pumping plants and lower the water to more lieiow the surface of the earth by pumping it into lakes and Streams that have their outlets in the Mexican gulf. After that, such iracts are in the same position that New Orleans is now Before we installed our present drainage water was found within a few inches of the surface anywhere in the earth is dry to excavation of six or more feet, and we are beginning to build cellars and basements. "Moreover, the swampy tracts thus reclaimed will have wonderful transportation facilities.

South Louisiana drains into the gulf through a network ot navigable bayous, rivers and lakes and we have made navigation canals to connect this network with the harbor at New Orleans. In this way every bit of the new farms has easy access to the city by boat, and from here by river and railroad to all parts of the world." I asked Mr. Parker as to the prices of( land. He replied: "Swamp land is worth from $5 to $25' per acre, and drained lands can be bought for from $100 to $30o an acre It depends very much on the location and the surroundings. This is low in comparison with the lands of Eevpt Holland.

In the valley of the farms bring as much as $750 an ln IIolJand from $600 to $1,000 is paid for good land. In Holland tine cost of reclamation is much greater than here. The dikes there have to hold back the sea. with its daily tide of thirty-one feet. I understand that 38 per cent of the cultivated the tnfe.h>U,Ch klnKdom are below the sca at h'gh "de.

On the basis of the population of the reclaimed lands of Kurope. the territory about New Orleans, if it were drained, would support a population of ten or fifteen millions of people, and on the basis of Holland alone it would furnish I 8 today. The guide who took me over the property told me that the taking out of the cypress stumps and burning them cost from $75 to per th8 'he seven6; miles of shell road, which here and there through the plantaV hulMgreat deal of these swamps contain cypress trees, and these trees have the JOHN" A. LOOAW. 3D, Grandson of Gen.

John A. time at Fort Myer. but is now stationSrlsr ws Jrner of Rhode Island avenue aud 17th stree As a lad he built snow forts and play ed about neighborhood; later attended military school, then the army, rising to a captaincy. Gen. Joseph Wheeler was noted in the civil war, and also he took troops aaiaiaiajaiaiaiaiaiaiajaiaiajaiajaiaiaiaiaiaiararag a tk? Smaftk peculiar property of notrot tin Bas long thpv are covered with water.

onlv whtn has been draped that the stumps will rot. an then they last a loner time. thrown In this property the land va.J.5en it so as to form a levee betvi een and' Lake Pontchartrain. an'! stations were installed. lhe was then pumped off and great di were dus- The engineering is stun That the water all Hows into these ditches, which are kept clear by the pumps.

The pumps will "Ise hundred million gallons of water a day, and thev lift this water from the canals over the wall into Lake Pontchartrain from whence it runs off into tne Mexican gulf. The drainage is such that, after a big rain, nu- puivips bogin to draw the water from the farthest part of the property wlthln four minutes after ihe engines are stated They keep the land dry any surplus water not needed for the crops and the trees. To give you an idea of the capacity of these pumps, the new Cat skill anueduct, which New York has about completed for Its future watersuppb. will have a capacity of just fly dred million gallons a day. and these plantation pumps could supply more water than New Tork is now using, with millions of gallons to spare.

These pumps are now kept busy for a great part of the time. They will have to do less and less as the needs of plant life reduce the volume of water, and the cost of pumping will steadily decrease. The average annual precipitation of Louisiana Is less than, fiftythree inches, and it is well distributed throughout the year. rhe advantage of the pumping arrangements is that thev can leave just as much or as little water as is required for the various whole tract that 1 have described lias been planted to "ranges. It has been divided up chards.

which have been sold to purchasers in different parts of the I The trees are of various ages, from little sprouts recently planted to 1ju. trees two or three years old. Tney slem to grow well, and the prospect Ts that they will eventually form one great orange grove-of 7.000 acres right, here within five miles of the center of PwenT'over-the farm. expressed my doubts as to the success oforang groves so far north, and my guide took me to an adjoining estate, which belongs to a New Orleans merchant upon whfeh there is a grove of several hundred orange trees now in bearing. These trees are still loaded with fruit, notwithstanding the frost of last spring ruined the vegetable gardens and sent the thermometer to six degrees bel freezing point.

The oranges were of the Creole variety, and were delicious. The reason of their withstanding the frost is the fact that the trees are budded on the citrus trlfoliata which is not affected by frost. This variety tree will grow no a native of the country about New Tt is deciduous; that is. sheds its loaves and remains dormant during the winter. The sap goes down to the roots and takes a i est durii fc the cold months, comitier up again in mirinp It has been found that certain he.P"pecies of oranges can be budded onto this citrus variety, and that the new tree yvlll resist the frost.

This seems to prove that oranges can be grown here Indeed. I an. told that some were planted by the Jes.l.t frUhers as far back as 1i2i, and that for time seedling oranges were plentiful in the southern part of the state. There was a grove set out in I860 the traces of which still remain, and seven years after tbat an orange grove of 125,000 seedlings was planted fifty miles tie Tow New Orleans. This was operated for some years on a large scale although mddern horticultural methods were unknown.

1 believe some of the trees are still In existence. The peot here arc enthusiastic as to the citrus fruit prospects. They expect form a fruit organization something ethaf of southern California, and handle the Louisiana fruit after the same methods that have succeeded so well on A Gallant Speech. ANDERSON," said a critic. tvH "has temporarily returned to the stage to play for the benefit of the soldiers.

is as beautiful, or almost as beautiful, as she used to be. I dined with her last year at her charming Wnglish residence at Broadway. dinner she complained that she was n'ight before my she K-iid 'I counted four gray hairs. Navarro, her husband, spoke up dear.1 said he. 'as long as gray hairs ian be counted they don't count.

Up to Germany. 44 ERMANY. with her Infernal mlllCz. tary despotism, caused this awful world war. and hence Germany will nave to bear the brunt of the indemnities and reparations." -Ambassador Gerard was replying to toast at a Boston banquet.

He went "Germany, at the yvar's end. will be like the German private in the civil polecat one night got Into a tent where a German private slept with a dozen other privates. The German woke up and looked about him helplessly. but his comrades every one chiminv, he exclaimed. der rest asleep und I got ter shmcll it over to Cuba and fought well in that conflict.

If ever there was a "game" warrior, it was little Joe Wheeler. He went along with his men, put on no frills and Was not above climbing trees, even in his old age. if by so doing he could get a line on the enemy. Lieut. Joseph Wheeler, his son, is a member of the coast artillery and stationed at far-off Hawaii.

Gen. Nelson A. Miles is one of the few officers of the civil war still active. He was a very young man at the time of the surrender, and was given charge of Jefferson Davis, the captive President of the Confederacy, who was imprisoned -at Fort Monroe. Qen.

JAMES LONGSTREET WHELCHEL, Grandson of Gen. James Longstreet, now cadet at West Point. I Com sum Sinni? FOOD economies are the order of the day. Food dictatorships have been the order of the war in Europe for two years past. They may be necessary in the United States as a military measure of a temporary character, but they never will be popular.

The prizes the privilege of wasting food as dearly as the Englishman prizes the political liberty which makes his house his castle. Yet, under the urging of the Department of Agriculture, there is a prospect that the American people will waste less food. That is the first step in national economies. The next step is the wider use bf nutritious cereals, such as corn. The shortage in the wheat crop enforces the need of using other sustaining foods.

Wheat is the aristocrat among cereals, and always will retain that place. But since the war that the United States is waging on the side of the entente allies is for democracy it may be that the democratic habit will become prevalent as to the consumption of the cereals. in the existing world shortage of wheat, corn is the life-saver. Rye is very good, and" in Germany rye bread serves the same purpose as wheat bread. Germany raises large crops of rye.

In England and France there is less cultivation of this cereal, and its use is not common. Germanv produces, in normal circumstances. above 400.o00.000 bushels of rye. as against 35.000,000 bushels in France and a few million in the United Knigdom. Austria-Hungary's production averages about 125.000.00u bushels.

So it may be assumed that even under war conditions the central powers between them have not far from 500,000.000 bushel3 of rye available for consumption. European Russia alone produces more than double the amount of the German rye crop. Probably it equals the total production of both Germany and AustriaHungary, but while the Russian eye is available for food purposes in the land of its production, there is no chance of transporting it to other countries of the allies even if they were educated to its use as food. The United States Is not a large producer of rve. The crop for the last three or four years has averaged somewhat under 50.000.000 bushels annually, and much of the product is distilled into liquid form for seasoned drinkers, who prefer it to corn distilled in the same manner.

Should Congress pass laws forbidding the use of grain for alcoholic beverages during war time this would make some million bushels available for bread. But even as the situation now stands, there is plenty of rye in the country which can be converted into bread, and there are some big wheat flour mills in the west which also manufacture large quantities of rye flour. Vet all the cereals sink into insignificance when it comes to the quantity of com produced. The world produces on an average above 4,000,000,000 bushels of com annually. In some years 75 per cent of this quantity is grown in the United States.

The three-billion-bushel mark was almost reached in 1915. when the actual production was 2.995,000,000 bushels. That was a pretty good year for the American farmer, for it was the year of the bumper wheat crop. The farm value of the corn that year was $1,723,000,000, but in the following year, although the crop had dropped to less than 2,600,000,000 bushels, the value on the farm was $2,296,000,000. This year the experts say there will bo dollar corn, but nobody can yet guess what the amount of the crop will be.

Whatever it is, it will be worth taking into consideration in its relation to food economy. Notwithstanding the comparative cheapness of com and its value as human food, the estimated consumption for this purpose in the United States is about 200.ooo.000 bushels annually. Not more than 50.000.000 bushels are exported, and in some vears a much smaller quantity. Tho bulk of the crop is used for feeding stock. Refore lie became Secretary of Agriculture.

"Tama Wilson had begun to educate the farmers of his own state on the economic value of feeding com to their live stock, and particularly to hogs. continued it during his long term as head of the Department of Agriculture. The Iowa farmers profited by this advice, until substantially the whole com crop was turned into pork, and Towa. in the census return, usually shows up with 10.000,000 swine. With hog products at their soaring prices, it might seem that there would be no economy in using any of the corn crop for human consumption, but the fact is patent that the United States can raise plenty of corn for live stock, and still be able to provide more than 200,000,000 bushels for human consumption.

Food experts in educating the American people to the great variety of uses of corn as food are doing an immense public service. There are large sections of the country where the value of corn meal mush and milk as a diet is unknown, but there are other sections where very sturdy people have been nourished on it. The same is true of hominy and other corn products which have homely names. Nor are hoe cake, corn pone and the dozen other corn breads limited to the south. They are just as nutritious and taste lust good north of Mason and Dixon's line.

The use of eorn for human food is almost unknown in European countries. When Jeremiah Rusk was Secretary of Agriculture he undertook to educate the European public to the value of corn as a diet. Congress made a small appropriation, and an enthusiastic champion, known as "Corn Meal" Murphy, was sent abroad to advance the movement. He gave dinners and banquets to the foreign officials and trade bodies at which champagne was served "as a side dish," one of the reports said. The campaign seemed likely to prove LIEUT.

SHERMAN MILES, Sob of Gen. Nelson A. Miles. Miles married a Mies Sherman, niece of Gen. Sherman, who made the famous march through Georgia.

Their only son, Sherman Miles, is a captain of field artillery, and stationed in California- Gen. daughter, Mrs. Reber, has two boys who are too young for the army yet, but will no doubt follow in the footseps of their grandfathers. Perhaps the greatest military genius the civil war produced was Gen. Stonewall Jackson, a man whose ability to get the best of his enemy was equaled only by his puritanical piety.

His loss at the battle of Chancellorsville was the heaviest blow, by death, that the south ever received. His daughter, VirXMrfcaiaft 5 A "PRAIRIE a success, since the banqueters were enthusiastic over the virtues of corn bread served with champagne. But there was no means by which the mass of the European populace could have champagne with their corn meal, and the importation of corn products from the United States did not materially increase. There are communities along the shores of the North sea who despise the use of herring as food and look down on people from other countries who are willing to have them for that purpose instead of for bait. In the same way the common people of Europe look down on those who use corn meal for food.

Educated Europeans are equally intolerant until they learn the virtues of the cereal, which they call maize. Many a cultured Englishman, coming to the United States, is horrified to see hotel patrons eating roasting ears of sweet corn, but whenever he is persuaded to try them himself he becomes a devotee. The broader question now relates to means of inducing the Epropean population to use corn aB food. There is some pertinence in the query why it is so urgent for the United States to supply the allies with wheat to the complete exclusion of corn. The answer is.

that even military discipline would require time to induce Tommy Atkins and the French poi'lu or peasant soldier, to a corn ration. This may be true, but if the civilian population is hungry it might be left to take the choice between a corn diet and growing hungrier. Should there be any widespread use of corn as food during the remaining years of the war, the bulk of it would come from the United States, so fas as supplying the allies goes. Austria-Hungary raises about 200,000,000 bushels annually, and Rumania, which is now under German military control, 3 00,000.000 bushels. Germany is not a corn-raising country.

It is not unlikely that, under stress of military persuasion, the Germans and are using corn for food in larger quantities than previously but, as has been stated, rye is their principal substitute for wheat. Among the entente allies Italy is the only country which produces corn on a large scale. Her crop usually exceeds 100.000,000 bushels. Some of this is used up in food products, but not under such homely forms as the hominy and corn pone of the United States. Austria-Hungary, notwithstanding her own production, is an importer of corn, as is Germany.

France raises a small crop of her own; it rarely exceeds 20.000.000 bushels, and ordinarily she imports about the same quantity. The United Kingdom, which is not a corngrrowing country, does not import large quantities in proportion to the population. The imports range from 75,000.000 to 100,000.000 bushels. Next to the United States, the Argentine Republic is the chief corn-producing country in the western hemisphere. Her crop sometimes exceeds 300,000,000 bushels.

The domestic consumption is not great. The native population uses corn as food, but a large proportion of the people of Argentina are from the Mediterranean countries, and are not accustomed to this diet, even when they are themselves the producers. In 1914, when Argentina produced approximately 263.000.000 bushels, she exported about 140,000.000 bushels. The balance was used for stock feeding. This year it is understood that crop conditions will make available a considerable quantity of corn for export to Europe, If the allies want it.

Argentina exports corn to the United States, notwithstanding our own abundant crop, but this is because of certain qualities which make Argentine corn useful for glucose and similar products. Canada, from the nature of the ellmate, Is not a corn-producing country. Substantially the whole production is rinia Jackson, married a Mr Christian ind the son of the marriage is Thomas Fonathan Jackson Christian, who eradiated from West Point a few years igo and began at once to serve in tne irmy of his country. Gen. Jackson's widow died about two rears ago at her home in I harlotte, N.

Young Christian is a first lleuten of cavalry, and is stationed now at Fort Collins in Colorado, where he letailed for training the students Lhe State Agricultural College. Gen. John A. Logan has a grandson, i major In the 29th Ohio. Logan son lohn A.

Logan, 2d. was an officer in the Philippine war and was killed in battle there about seventeen years ago. MAJ. ULYSSES S. GRANT, 3D, Grandson of Gen.

U. S. Grant. laiajaisisiaiaraisrajsiaiaiaiaiaraiaiaEiaraiaiajarai CHOOSER" If THE COBJi BELT OF confined to the province of The crop averages thirteen to fourteen million bushels, although la" it dropped to half that amount. Canada consequently, has no corn for export to the allies or to any one Inatead, she imports nine to ten millions bush els.

chiefly from the Lnited States. While the value of corn as a means of relieving the world food shortage i. undeniable? it will be seen that prospects are not favorable for educating aluminum as The manifest of a munltiona-cairving Ship will nearly always, if not always, show that aluminum is one of the items of the cargo. A person does not usually think of this very light metal as one of the metals of war. The popular idea of aluminum is that it is used exclusively tlie manufacture of cooking utensils and toilet and fancy articles.

Aluminum is invaluable in making business, being used to a large extent in the purification iron and steel. For a good many years it has found an important use in the building Of bed plates for the engin of torpedo boats, and when the era of constructing submarine boats set in the uses and consumption of aluminum were multiplied many umes. the development of the automojile an 1 auto-truck industry aluminum has been in demand, for various parts are made of this metal. The war has made a demand for aluminum which could not have been foreseen. The aeroplane opened a new sphere of usefulness for t'ais light and strong metal, and, of course, the demand for it has been ureatly augmented by the mighty increase in the construction 01 flying machines.

Aluminum is also extensively used in the equipment of the soldier's mess kit and water bottle, the latter having generally supplanted the old-fashioned canteen and is now made of aluminum. Aluminum Is the third most malleable and the sixth most ductile of the metals, and. because of its ductility and its efficiency as an electrical conductor. it has come to enjoy a great degree of popularity in certain kinds of electrical work. Aluminum wire will carry more electric current than copper wire of the same siae.

though copper wire is tougher. However, there are many uses for aluminum wire where its tensile strength is sufficient for the work it is called on to do. Aluminum conductors find many uses in telegraphy and telephony. This light and white or gray substance is a metallic chemical element found generally distributed throughout the world in combination with other substances, but never met with in the free stale as are gold, silver, copper, iron and oilier metals. Aluminum, which has appeared in chemical literature of various periods under the names of "alumine," 'alumina." "alumiuin" and was of great academic and laboratory interest from the early part of the eighteenth century until about the middle of the nineteenth century, when it began to find a place in the economic industries of the world TJt is metal is obtained from many soiffces.

one of which is corundum, found iii India and in the United States. It is found largely in clay and principally in commercial quantities in ihose clays called kaolin and china clay. From bouxite Is obtained also a large amount of aluminum. Bouxite. which the chemists call a "hydrated oxide of aluminum." Is found in extensive deposits In Georgia, Alabama and Arkansas and In the oounty of Antrim.

Ireland; In French Guiana, in SJyrla, Hesse, Austria, France. Italy and India. In the early part of the war it was Young John A. Logan, 3d. enlisted a few years ago in state troops, last summer was sent to the Mexican border.

and is now ready to start out on any campaign. In his regiment is a son of one of the "Fighting McCooks." Mrs. Logan, widow of the general, lives in Washington with her daughter, Mrs. Tucker. This John A.

Logan, 3d. is the only one to bear the entire name to succeeding generations. The fame of Pickett's charge at Gettysburg is known the world over. Two grandsons of Gen. George E.

Pickett, are now in the United States The older is Geroge E. Pickett, 3d, who is an officer in the Corpv. while the younger lad. Christlancy, in the artillery. George as a graduate of the Virginia Military Institute.

Both are sons of Capt. George K. Pickett, 2d. who died when on service in the Philippines. Gen.

Hooker, who was in command of the Union army at the battle of Chancellorsville, has a grandson in the Marine Corps. The Confederate general. James Longstreet, has a son. James Longstreet, 2d, a captain in the army, and another soi MaJ. Lee Longstreet.

who served in th? Cuban war as a volunteer. He has also two grandsons at our grea' military Longstreet Whelchel, a student now at West and John Esten Whelchel, who entered Annapolis last summer. J. E. B.

Stua-t. a grandson of great Confederate cavalry leader, who is a student at the University of Virginia. is also taking military trainingwith a view to entering some branch of the service, as is also Beverly Mosby Coleman, a grandson of Col. John F. Mosby.

Gen. Marcus A. Wright of Tennessee has a son. John, who is a captain in the army, and serving now in the southwest. ARGENTINA.

the allied countries immediately to Ita use. In the meantime there is no reason why this European ignorance should affect the consumption in the United States. A wider use of corn among the American people is a food economy of the most practical sort. Corn meal mush and corn pone and hoe cake and corn bread are one means of bringing down the cost of living not only during the war, but when tha war is ended. C.

M. P. A WAE METAL reported that a Californian had discovered a process and perfected a machine for the manufacture of aluminum dust in such form as to serve aa an ingredient of an explosive. It was reported then that he was selling about pounds a day to England and Russia. With the exception of oxygen and silicon, aluminum is the most widely distributed of the chemical elements, is produced on an enormous scale in this country, and perhaps the largest reduction works in the United States are in Pittsburgh.

Davy, the chemist, first noted the presence of aluminum, but the first isolation of the metal was made in 1S28. When it was brought into commercial use in 1855 its aelling price was $90 a pound. Fifteen years later its market price had fallen to $12 a pound, mainly because of the increase in the production of the metal, and there was one year, either 1900 or about that time, that the price of aluminum was only 29 cents a pound. A Trickster. I KG CONSTANTINE is a trlck? ster and the allies will accomplish nothing in Greece till they kick him off the throne." The speaker was Cosmos Morcavorato, the archeologist.

now in New York. He continued: "King Constantino is a trickster and he always gets away with it. He's as bad as the two sharpers. "Two sharpers, getting stranded In a country town, decided to gouge the populace by means of a hog raffle. They got up a poster that said: 'To be raffled, a fine Berkshire hog.

Tickets, 25 "The raffle went well. The two sharpers made a lot of in fact. Then came the day when the result was to be announced. The sharpers read over their list of victims and selected the man they thought most gullible and meek. To him they wrote: "'Dear sir: We are happy to inform you that the raffle of the magnificent hog was held last evening and you were the fortunate winner.

We hold the animal at your disposal, and shall be pleased to forward same on receipt of your authorization so to do. We beg to congratulate you on the acquisition of this truly magnificent pedigree "But the winner had hardly received this letter, the first thrill of delight had hardly warmed his breast, before he got another missive: 'Sir: We regret to inform you that your bog died very suddenly last night at 9:30 o'clock. We do not know the exact cause of death, but would impute same to the hog cholera now epidemic in this district. Owing to the existing sanitary regulations, the animal had to be buried without delay. shall be glad to receive your cheque for $12 by return, being the amount of veterinary and interment expenses "The trickery was as transparent a.s Constantino's, but, like the allies, the duped man was afraid to investigate, lest worse befall.".