Evening star from Washington, District of Columbia • 47

EN strolling along highways and byways and in exploring paths through field and wood or oven in field and wood where no path leads the Rambler says "llowdy" to many people, and in the course of the years he has made an unusual number of acquaintances and, he hopes, a few friends. In that sentence he had almost written "good friends." but the pen was saved from that slip, for all friends must he good friends. When you ramble in this way, and rambling Is a form of delightful vagihnnilji' vnn TTWft nhnnt nil tho tvnox of men there art-. Perhaps that word "type" is a trifle too large and perhaps the words "varieties of men" or variants of men" would be better, for the difference among people, if you keep your eye on human or mortal essentials, seems after all to be rather slight. There are differences in accent.

intonation and vocabulary, dress, carriage and manner, differences in birth, environment and experience, in degree of understanding, reading, observation and the habit of thought, a id difference in degree of self-approvsil or self-esteem and in the thinness of the disguises which selfesteem puts on, but. taking off the physical and the mental vestments of a man and getting down to his hare self, you are apt to find him very much like yourself and therefore very much like all other men. In uncovering the real man a great deal depends on your manner of approach. Gdherally a man will take the color of his manner from yours. Fair and outspoken words will nearly al ways Dringr tne same in repiy.

rne assumption of superiority in WAITING AT THE DOOR ASSISTANT Ka in front r.f Aful wood tire, his arm resting on the marble mantle, a bronze bust of John Paul Jones peering over his shoulder, he was an engaging picture of young American manhood. Through the wide windows rays of dazzling light, reflected from the snowclad expanse of the White House grounds across the street, caught the clean lines of his face and figure and threw them into sharp relief. They, the air of alertness they conveyed, the natural pose, were the sort of thing one sees in the work of leading Amer- ican illustrators more often than In real life. The fa pe was rt ictilarl interestinc. Breeding showed there.

Clearly cut 1 features, a small, sensitive mouth, tiny 1 lines running from nostrils to the o.uter lines of the lips, a broad forehead, close-cropped brown hair, frank, blue i eyes, but, above all, the proud, straight, upstanding set of the head placed the nian. And as be stood there he talked of war, of preparations for war, and the 1 lack of them, of the nation's history, 11 its historv: of the preservation of the national ideals. He talked not as a man who urges war, or i who believes in war: nor yet as one i who could be classed as a militarist; but rather as one whose ideal is peace, who yearns to keep this republic free forever from the bloody scourge that afflicts the parent nations: but yet as 1 one who knows the needs of the coun- try's defenses and, knowing, would i have them made in fad what they are in country's insurance against war and aggression. A colorful figure in national life is 1 this young man. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, assistant secretary of the navy.

Of the same parent stock as 1 that other cousin severa I degrees political ca- reer has followed somewhat the same lines Both began in the New York legislature, both became national fig- ures by serving as assistant secretary of the navy. The one. much older, moved thence to the volunteer army, to the governorship of New York, to the vice presidency, and then to the presidency. How far along the same road this younger Roosevelt is to travel lies with him and with the god of chance. Again, like the elder Roosevelt, he is a Harvard graduate of the type of the university man in politics.

Of moderate means, with assured position in New York spciety, a practicing lawyer, he, early fn his life, elected to be neither dollar chaser nor a man of fashion. wealth no more than social distinction attracted him. One or the other, as rule, attracts young men so placed as he. where sheer idleness does not seize them. But to him had come as heritage a l.een desire td work And in public service he has found an outlet for his energies.

He is a man who will do much and dare much. His recent spectacular campaign the senatorial nomination in New York last autumn shows this. That campa-rgn was a digression from the bits task he has In hand with tho navy. And it is a big tusk No mero chair-warming executive is the assistant secretary. t'pon him fulls a mass of routine work that requires him to be always in touch witli al! the great naval organization ft is work that suits Itoosevelt.

From his boyhood he has been in love with the American navy. He knows its history as few men know it. Cmorioan historical research- for he is 4 a studious long been his rec- I and in odd moments for years he has worked on a compilation of the iP manner or condition will develop the combativeness in a man, and any suggestion of inferiority in station is apt to call down on you a patronizing reception Those who have followed the Rambler for years in his wanderings must know that he lias carried his camera into many places posted with that inhospitable and forbidding sign "N'o Trespassing T'nder Penalty of the Law" and has concerned himself with many bits of family history which strictly are none of his business. And having rambled for years, and hoping to ramble for many more years, and not yet having had a dog set on him, lie feels that his experience in meeting strange persons in strange places gives him a reasonable excuse for expressing opinions on the matter mentioned here. He has met a few rich people and a great many poor people.

A few of these rich people have been wi-i- tin.l been very, very poor. Some of his acquaintances have been wise people and some of them fools. Some of them have been very keen and bright and some very dull and heavy. Some have been very proud and some very humble. Some have been arrogant and supercilious.

but even these are interesting in a way if you can study them or rather reflect on them in an impersonal way. The Rambler has met a number of people he does not like and feels that he never could like, but it may be that the fault is not in them, but is because of some defect in the Rambler's apprehension or appreciation of them. The Rambler has met a great many people he does like and will always like. The Rambler has met with many experiences in this pleasure-work, the memories of which are priceless. Not everything heard and seen on these rambles goes down in the notebook to be spread before the public's eye.

Discretion and good feeling have to be mixed in with this work of rambling and writing. In looking at a tumble-down house in the midst of IB OF POHICK CHURCH. SECEETA1 biographies of the early American 1 naval commanders. He has what is said to be the most notable collection of American naval niis a id ii i. acuuiiu-nunu uuuk stores and auction rooms are favorite haunts of his when working on this collection.

Ever since Mr. Roosevelt became assistant secretary of the navy the country has heard at intervals from him on the subject of a naval restrw from which to draw men in time of need to man the fleet at war strength. Not long ago the first step in the creation of a naval reserve was taken when, at the instance of Secretary Daniels, a hill was introduced in Don- Kress providing that enlisted men of the navy, on completing their term of enlistment, would pass to a reserve i subject to call when their services were needed, they, in the meantime, to keep in touch with the Navy Depart- tnent. This, however, is but one step. Many more need to be taken before complete provision is made for that personnel that would be required if war comes.

rhe fact must be taken into consider- ition that in any military organiza- X1 ion a great many trained men are leeded to round out the organization ho are not fighting men. a The importance of efficiency in sup- j. dying any military force, whether it )c fighting on land or sea, is recog- )ized in this modern day more than a i VM'I ufen rti.wgiiiicu IICIUM1. perience has shown that an army or navy which is well supplied with all that it needs for its well being, with ts due proportion of all auxiliaries, is the better army or navy. The man behind the gun, naturally, 3 the vital figure in all flighting.

But he man who supplies the man behind the by supplying one means til manner of supplies, from munitions war to just as important to the winning of battles. This is something which Mr. Roose- velt long ago realized. His ideas, then, on the creation of a real reserve for the navy are much more comprehensive than have heretofore been set forth. It was in his talk as he stood before the grate fire that he elaborated them freely.

"In all discussion of the national defense from exterior attack," he began, "we must start with a full understand- ing that that defense naturally falls nto twu branches: The defense at sea a by the navy and the defense on shore by the army. But there also is a middle around, a twilight zone, as it were, in the matter of coast defense, where it is impossible to draw a line of demar- at ion between the functions of the lavy and the army. "Hence the necessity for complete nil inns cri-nnomiian l.utu'Aon II ill of defense in preparing lo do the work for which they were reated and in doing it. It in unfor- lunate that in our system we have lever in the past realized the necessity 1 'or that co-ooperation until after war las begun. "Only by co-operation in advance anil I.

reparing plans in advance for a com- it rehensive scheme of defense, in which sea and land branches are involv- can this or any other nation secure rom either branch anything approach- in the maximum of efficiency. It is not lifficult to imagine the. possible lines attack of an enemy approaching a hese shores. And it ought not to be ii lard to have each fighting unit, a vhether of sea or land forces, trained i ml instructed as to precisely what it ihouid 'to in the event of an enemy iliempiiiiR- to put into errect any one the several alternative plans of at- a ark. ti "The wars in which the United States ias been engaged in the past have been costly have been a prolonged an unnecessary length of because never have we been ade- luately prepared for them and never TH Wj -SSlv'o-' Vw A JB 'Wl JOHN SA neglected box hedges, a common picture, which tells a sad story of faded grandeur or comfort and of a prosperous family gone to seed, a man does not want to look at the broken shutters or the cracks in the poor old walls, but he wants to reconstruct in his imagination that dear old house when cheerful fl'jmoa nnH nlavpH in thp fire place and happy people danced on those creaking floors.

ift The Rambler has collected thousands of pictures and has great piles of those things which photographers know as "negatives." The heaps of glass sometimes look to him like junk. The tons of negatives interfere with orderly housekeeping, but it is hard to part with them. Only a small percentage these pictures have ever appeared in a newspaper. The Rambler looks on those as personal souvenirs and relics and not as objects of business. Every time he puts his hands into these piles of negatives he draws out one that brings up recollections of a a laborious and weary trip, per- 1 haps a.

gladsome sort of fairy trip. The road might have been cold, bleak i find dreary and deep in mud; it might have been blister-hot and ankle-deep in choking dust, or it might have been a road lined with roses and apple blossoms. A few nights ago the Rambler drew forth at random from the glass pile four negatives on which are pre- served the features of friends made on rambles. The old lady is, or was, Mrs. Lucinda Dogan.

The Rumbler has 1 written many stories about her as "The Belle of the Battlefield." Mrs. 1 Dogan lived at Groveton, the bloodiest, 1 ghastliest point of the second battle of Bull Run. She owned the Peach 1 rree farm and the land through which that part of the railroad cut ran where was the heaviest fighting. Many times T7 A II Franklin D. Roosevelt Te Fleet Now Short 25,0 Thousands More Nee the Government's Naval History and Its tave wp taken any forethought as to he use of our fighting forces as a cotnlined whole.

"Co-ordination of effort did not exist the revolutionary war, for example. 2ach state had its own navy and its army, and combined efficiency was ecured only by tremendous effort. So took us eight years to blunder hrough that war to ultimate success, curing that war we had under arms at arious times in this country a force learly ten times as great as the force ent against us, and yet we suffered a lumber of defeats. "During the war of 1S12 wc had fully en times as great a force under arms England sent against us, and yet England was able to seize and burn our rvi 1 TIk. i l- 5 ious.

We had not taken forethought nd had not prepared and had not uianged for that intelligent co-operation rhich is vital to efficiency. "Now, laying aside for the moment his question of regarding the whole roblem of national defense as a single roblem, let us consider the needs of he fleet with regard to its personnel. "The flrst fact that confronts us is hat we are short some 25,000 men of he force necessary to man our exist rig navy on a war footing. Where arc vc going to get them? By voluntary nlistment, of course, hut with no asurance of getting trained men, and nodern naval service requires much raining. Since the present enlisted trength of the navy is about 50,000, he imposition thereon of one recruit or every two trained men gives too rreat proportion of the untrained.

"One reliance we have is the naval nilitla of the several states, aggregating now some 7,000. Some of this nllitia is well trained; some not so veil trained. But even then we have shortage of 18,000. "The bill which Secretary Daniels ad'ocates will, if enacted into law, help is partly out of the difficulty in prodding a means of keeping in touch discharged enlisted men and geting them back to the fleet in time of leeu. "This problem of reserve personnel for he navy is different from the problem a reserve for the army.

There is a eflnite limit set on the navy. That imit is In the number of ships we have equiring men. In the army there is no uch limit. Some authorities tell us hat we would require half a million len in the army; other authorities run he estimate up to ten million, not an xtraordinary figure when we consider he population of the country and the xperience of other nations. But in the avy we need a number based solely the size of our fleet, and warships re not built in a day.

So our problem reality is simpler than that of the rmy. "When 1 said that we would require, bring our lighting force up to war trength, 25,000 men, I was referring nly to the actual combatants. But for war of any considerable duration, aking into consideration the limita- 11 ions imposed by the size of the fleet, ti would require many more. io negin wiin, wnen we nave ur 75,000 men to sea, clue caution 1 require us immediately to set bout preparing at least 25,000 more fill ranks thinned by inevitable cas- laities. Casualties is a term covering nany things in addition to death and Ir BffBimf Uk ItTEX.

and for hours at a time the Rambler has sat under a black locust tree in front of the little house at Groveton and jotted down reminiscences as they came from the lips of Mrs. Dogan. She was living there with her brood of children when Jackson and and Pope met in one of the long and fierce encounters of the civil war. When the guns ceased she, with her daughters carried water by the bucket to the wounded men, who, writhing and moaning among the dead, thickly strewed her fields. Many of the things which The Star readers have read about Bull Run, the Stone bridge, the Henry hill, the Chinn place, the Matthew farm, Groveton Corners, Sudley and the fighting along the Warrenton pike between Centerville and Gainesville came from Mrs.

Dogan and were jotted down by the Rambler. But, the old lady is now at rest, and has been for several years. The girls sitting at the old if still in the land of the living, are now grown, perhaps the little child is married and has children of her own. The Rambler has not seen Lnem since, somewhat against tneir protest, he made the picture. The doorway is the south one of Rollick Church five or six miles southivest of Mount Vernon.

The Rambler stopped that way. It was a spring morning. It was too early for the xverage run of church-goers. Sunday school would not take up for an hour or so, and these young people were the first arrivals. Perhaps they have sometimes talked over the stranger ho took their sent them prints as per the Rambler certainly preserves a clear memory of the meeting.

The old gentleman on the horse with i sack of meal is a friend made at Dumfries, a village full of burled ruins 3 nr says ui lis What the Reserve Sht DO Men of Enough to Brii ded for Auxiliaries, Shore 711 PefoKlicKmantc wk; TTUI Present Status in Case VjHK; FRANKLIN D. Assistant secretary ounds received in action. Death from th atural causes, men taken prisoner, lis isability through illness, all these ce )me under the head of casualties. fig ro "This, however, is only a beginning. here are many sorts of duty In a aval establishment aside from the iere fighting: of the ships.

Shore pa- tri rol, motor boat patrol, operation of is ireless plants ashore, the manufac? jre, purchase and inspection of masrial. including clothing, food sup- fy lies, fuel, ammunition and guns; the ac latter of transportation by rail of tri aval forces and equipment; mine lay- mi are but a few of the duties ch which stands on Quantico creek be- tween Washington and Fredericksburg. rhe old gentlemen and the Rambler have talked about many things, such is horses and dogs, hunting and the props and things that are very hard In write nhnut few nprsnns i seem to care to read about them. The quaint old man under the cape was a friend of the Rambler quite a a lumber of years ago. The snapshot a was made in the streets of Alexandria though the subject of the picture lived somewhat back from that city.

His a name was John Sarten and he was a food Confederate soldier, brimfull of I war stories. The Rambler has lost 1 of him, and, as he was pretty well along In years when the picture i was taken, perhaps he, too, has gone Car, far away. a 1 Farms Washington Is Built On. THE Rambler has received from George Otis Smith, director of the' a geological survey, a map called a 1 'View of the City of Washington in 1792 and in 1911." A view showing 3 he farms on which the city was laid is overprinted by a map of the i Washington of 1911. The old "view" printed in green and the overlay in 1 mown.

One can see at a glance the elation of the streets, public reservaions and important buildings to the arms or fields which were hero be- 1 'ore the city was. In describing by vords the bounds of the early farms is not easy to do this by streets, the city plan was, of course, letermined without reference to farm boundaries, and a farm line may cut liagonally across many streets and squares. The map is of great in- 8 erest. In sending it to the Rambler, Director smith wrote: "As a citizen especially concerned in he development of Washington, you 1 IRS. LUCIXDA DOG AX, WHO LIVED OX (Sir A1 ixjii a ii 9 Duld Be and How It Shoi ig Its Personnel to a and Coastal ich Deal With Maritime of Reserve of til ha Wi im se ac 'mm fei --Vf tni a me op.

an. cut tio oul per 0f of the navy. in sh( at would fall upon the naval estab- del ihment when all the ships have re- err ived their full complement of men. nal 'These duties, quite as important as rhtlng, should be performed without bbing the fleet of regular officers and c'a en to perform them. They are duties a 1 at can be readily taken over in a rge degree by a reserve, provided at reserve lias had its measure of aining and knows precisely what it per to do.

'It is obvious that the creation of a eat organization of this character be accomplished more readily be- ter re war than hostilities have tually begun. It can be done at ex- emely low cost 111 time of peace, and crr alntained at a minimum charge, a tas arge that would be low Interest on ser A riay be interested in the inclosed map. Uthough the 1792 'view' was not sufIciently accurate to register exactly vith the present-day map of the city, his combination by an overprint cerainly shows some remarkable changes ii fha i-enfnrv and nnnrtpr Tn the extreme eastern section of the Id city of Washington the map shows triangular tract bounded by Florida Lvenue and the Benning road on the lorth, the Anacostia marshes on the -ast and a line beginning: at Florida ivenue between 12th and 13th streets ast and running south by east to the eastern branch and cutting diagonaly across the jail and old workhouse eservation, including the jail, but not ncluding the old workhouse builidng, he line passing behind them to the iver. Robert Morris and Nicholson ippear as the owners of that land in 792. The next tract on the southwest is farm of Abraham Young, and a louse.

presumably Young's house, is shown where South Carolina avenue, Massachusetts avenue and 15th street ast intersect. Another dwelling house shown at a point which is now the louthwest corner of the intersection of Fennessee avenue and street northeast. On the west of this farm lay a tract -ailed Hop Yard, which appears di-ided into two farms by an east and vest line, which the south line of Linoln Park follows. The norinerly part if this tract is given to George Walker vhose house is shown as having been tear the corner of and 6th streets nil iiir.mi. uc pa.iL vix nup "ard is shown as owned by Abraham roung and George Walker.

The eastrly line of this tract starts from near th and I streets northeast and passes outheasterly to the Eastern branch, triking the shore of that stream about Pennsylvania avenue does. From he east side of Lincoln Park the line oughly follows the course of North --C 'i? i' 4 THE GROVETOX BATTLEGROUND, a TES MEEDS Lild Be ii War I lcleus Now Exists in I Nation's Ships as a Factor. ti capital sum which inevitably would a ive to be expended should, the work organization be postponed until after ar is in being-. "Every intelligent, physically able gl an who knows how to operate a otor boat is a possible valuable re- rvist. Every bright lad who lias arned to operate skillfully a wireless ti ant is another.

Every sea fisherman, 0 customed to boat duty, is still an- tr her. I need not elaborate upon the ti issibilities. for they must be appar- to every one. The merchant ma- si ie. small though it 1b.

could, with oper training, contribute thousands tl the reserve, much the same as it cp in England. ai 'Please remember, in this discussion the reserve I have in mind. I am not Iking of the naval militia of the ttes. That is quite a separate and el tentially useful organization, mainined by the several states. The rerve I now speak of is distinctly a ieral reserve.

er in In the civilian branches of the gov- ar are a number of disassociated ganizations that should become part the naval reserve. Notable among is the revenue cutter service of 2 Treasury Department. In all our P1 trs many of the revenue cutters, with Mr personnel, have been taken over Pr' the navy as part of the fleet, and they have given a splendid JjjjJ 2ount of themselves. Highly trained, vays active, the revenue cutter of- 3rs and men are a great naval asset. The lighthouse service in the De- rtment of Commerce, with its fleet lighthouse tenders, officered and nned by skillful men; the bureau of vigation in the Department of Com- foi rce, with its force of wireless in- kn ictors and its control over wireless qU in time of peace; the bureau ho fisheries in the Department of Com- rce, with its small fleet of vessels th trained men in charge; the coast an i geodetic survey, with its consid- ible fleet and its trained personnel; Coi life-saving service in the Treasury mfl rtment with itn rtf hravA i wonderfully able surf boatmen? these make up the nucleus of a no gnificent reserve for the navy.

kn With the exception of the revenue service, all of these organizans are maintained absolutely with- an thought of the usefulness of their sonnel for naval purposes in time war. f.in That is what I mean when I say that the scheme of national defense there be a co-relation of the several and bureaus of the govunent which may contribute to the 1 cion's defensive strength. In and out of the government servare thousands of other skilled spelists who might well be enrolled in laval reserve, such, for example, as who understand the military use electricity, who are familiar with handling of explosives, who are telegraph operators or signalmen. tor na" for Out of all this splendid human ma- for ial, lying ready to our hands, much it already in the service of the goviment, it should not be a difficult mo to create an adequate naval re- crs ve, a reserve that, with a minimum oui jttk OXE OF THE RAMBl Carolina avenue to the river. On the joutheast front of this and to the Eastern branch, about he width of one east-and-west square, a strip of land on the Sastern branch.

It is marked down as land of the Widow Wheeler, relict the Eastern branch ferryman about whom the Rambler has often written, rhe Widow Wheeler's house is shown be in the line of Virginia avenue where and 12th streets intersect. Arjoining these farms on thhe west roR nnc ho onmer itf nrhlph vas near what became 2d and streets lortheast. The north and south boundiry of this farm followed genrally course taken by 2d and 3d streets louth to the Eastern branch, and included within its limits the navy yard, he marine barracks, the Old Naval iospital. Stanton Square and the reseration on Pennsylvania avenue east beween 4th and 6tli streets. This propirty is put down in the name of Wiliam Young and a house is marked in he line of Sth street between and streets southeast.

ak The next farm on the west was Abbey Janor. On this farm came to stand he Capitol, which was built on the sminence called Jenkins' Hill; the of Congress, the office buildngs of the House and Senate, Union itation and about one-holf of the Naional Botanic Garden. It was the farm Daniel Carroll of Duddington, and his louse stood back on the south side of 2 street between 1st and 2d streets outheast, east and north of Garfield It remained standing until a few ears ago. This tract extended from treet north to the Eastern branch, its vest line generally following the of Goose or Tiber creek to 2d ind street northwest, and then to A A YAH annual or biennial training, would fitted to render first-class service i time of need. Who of them would ot consider it an honor to be enrolled i a naval reservist? Who would not illingly labor to fit himself to give a laximum of service? "But securing the personnel is not 11.

The next step is to secure the material, the equipment, and to ecurc this should be the duty of whatver body is charged with the duty of rganizing and directing this branch the national defense. "Uniforms ami food supply constiute the first factor here. Uniforms nd personal equipment should be fut ished for every reservist, and compete plans should be prepared and eady always to insure the proper proisioning of the force when called to erve. "The second factor may be termed he tools of the reservists. This inludes reserve wireless plants and owned and to be taken ver when needed: motor boats to be eated the same way: other means of ansport.

including rail lines and auimobiles. 1 do tjot mean that these hould be bought, but that arrangelents should be made in advance for teir use for naval purposes when retired. Torpedoes, cables, guns, these re all parts of reserve material which lould be ready for sudden call. "The third factor is a reserve of lips themselves. Of course, it is easy toueh to take the list of merchant larinc vessels and say that every thereon is a potential naval rerve vessel, for the government could ly it in time of war, but that is not lough.

That is the blundering in which we have always operated past wars, and it is an expensive id unsatisfactory method. "Always we should know exactly hat vessels are suited to navy needs, -ecisely on what terms they can be ken over, where they are located, and ecisely what is their condition. This iter can be ascertained by periodical in- ection. Every merchant vessel that I be of military service in time of ir should be an American naval rerve vessel. If her construction is such at she will require no alterations lor Lr purposes, so much the better; if me reconstruction is necessary, that so should be known and plans be ready the work to be done.

It should be own also just how many men are re- rt ired in each department to operate her; much fuel she burns and of what nd; details of her wireless equipment the like. To sum It all up, we have in this jntry abundant resources in men and iterial for every naval need in time war. But those men and material are t' organized and not even listed. We ow nothing about the whole subject re in a general way. When we consider the dreadful waste loss that invariably results from atnpting to create a new organization In i stress o.

war, and contrast with the nplieity and ease of making the organ- a in advance and of obtaining the owledge ot' precisely each step which tst be taken to weld the whole into a mendous war machine, it seems little of criminal that we abstain from ng the few necessary things to estab- 1 this real reserve. This is not asking men to give up 8, civil employment to prepare for it is not diverting an ounce of fj-j rchant maritime tonnage from in) iceful trade; it is not militarism in sense; it is simply doing that vc iich all history teaches us we ought Kt do; preparing, at trifling cost, our be vai resources 01 men ana inaicriai such call as may be made on them so the national defense; for without 'partition lives and efficiency ever i sacrificed. The whole plan is thorughly in liar- of ny with the spirit of our dcmoitic institutions and in accord with sa national tradition! that our da- fa in i fflBT OLD 2d and streets southwest, to the northern boundary of the town of Ch' rollsburg, which extended from Jante creek on the west to the Eastern branch an the east and down tin "point" to the meeting place of waters, which was called, and still Is called. Buzzard point. West of Abbey Manor was the largett tract of land within what was to be the National Capital.

It was called Beall's levels. It was irregular in form. Its north boundary follows generally the line of New York avenue and it extended south to a line south of the Mall and along Virginia avenue. Then there was a bootleg formation, which took in a considerable part of South Washington and extended down to the northwest corner of Carrolls burg. Pennsylvania avenue, from 2d street to the Treasury runs through Beall's levels.

The Treasury, White House, Star building, patent office, pension office. Judiciary Square, general land office, government printing office. State, War and Navy building, Corcoran Art Gallery, Continental Hall and the Pan-American building are on what was Beall's levels. This large stretch of land was subdivided and the easternmost farm extended from Goose creek on the east to a north and south line which ran down the middle of the blocks between 6th and 7th streets to Louisiana avenue. It belonged to Benjamin Oden, but no house is shown on the land.

West of that farm was one belonging to James uuiiico, aim vise mic ui uid iiuusc nan somewhere about street, between 10th and 11th streets northwest. The farm of David Burnes was to the west of that, and his house or cottage, near the intersection of 18th street and Virginia avenue, is remembered by many Washington people. EESE1VE pendence in time of national peril is our citisenry." And then the private secretary ushered in a group of admirals and captains, heads of departmental bureaus. for their daily conference, and the talk was at an end. ASHMl'N BROWN.

Race Not Dying Out. TjT is common, even among the well informed, to regard the American Indian as a rani(llv disannearine- nennlp Among: the popular at a recent art exhibition was one representing an Indian encampment with a background of hills behind which the sun was of the departing Indian. The picture was called "The Dying Race," and was widely copied as indicative of the fading condition of the aboriginal redtnan. As a matter of fact, the Indians aie by no means dying out: on the contrary, they are multiplying at a rate that proportionately outstrips the rest of the population of the United States. The following figures, taken from the United States census and the bureau of Indian affairs, show how erroneous is this idea of the disappearing aborigine In 1880 there were 242,000 Indians in this country.

In 191ft they had increased to an increase of 62.00ft. something over 2o per cent. In 1880 the total population of the United states was 63.000,000; in 1910 it was a ittle over 92,000,000. But in calculating he net increase of the country regard nust be had for the immigrants. Of hese there came into this country beween 1880 and 1910 about 12.000,00ft.

deduction from this of one-third, or who iciurJUMi 10 ivc-ir name undo, is most liberal. That leaves 1,000,000 immigrants as part of the 9,000,000 increase in total population rom 1SS0 to 1910, reducing the net inreaae of our home population to 11. 00,000 for the twenty years just which is a trifle over 17 per increase, as compared with the ndian increase of 25 per cent for the ame period. The percentage of Indian ncrease is therefore nearly 50 per cent greater than that of the other Amerians. Nor is this increase local In character due to any specific reason attached any particular tribe.

In New York he Senecas have increased from under ,000 to nearly 6,000. in Minnesota. Wisconsin and the Dakotas the increase as been substantially the same everywhere, and in Kansas and Nebraska the ercentage of increase in this twenty ears has been about 40 per cent. The outhwest also shows substantial inrease. From all which it may be gathered hat the sentiment and tears shed over the dying race" are wholly misplaced.

The Answer. fTPHE women of Europe, when told they're not fit to govern, have good answer point to the ar which man government has brought The speaker was Miss Edith Wynne atthlson, the actress and suffragette, tie continued: A good answer thai. As good an anver as the young bride made. 'A young bride, a few months after honeymoon, sat up till 3 In the mornis: for her husband. "At 3 the young man entered the with a.

crash, then came upairs slowly and silently with ln? under his arm. He opened the 'droom door very, very quietly, and. eing his wife seated by the radiator, said: 'Did you sit up for me? Sorry, m' ar. business? 4 try some other excuse. id the young wife 'That's the kind ther used to.