The Times from London, Greater London, England • Page 9

THE TIMES, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1884.. (ttnoea CONTENTS OF THIS DAY'S lr Biarea, MurlMW, TWlh AcvaritKar fuM, IXwMt AelaW4jl rrorvrtr lt. (VUkm tml ratiilt fabooit AkUiomsU, Am Ar iri Knr ciUjrs. Uotsm, TbUcaUo. ftvW Xotfcvsl, 1.

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io.vo.v, sKprEiir.En 2:, Kvst In ipito of the ccount which our Cor at Vienna sends us to day. of the view entertained in Ilerlin and Vienna, re are. inclined to think that tho yro tests the of the sinking fund jcosentod on Tliursday to tho Kgyptian Co ternment by the Governments of Oprmany, Austria, Uusis, and Kraiwe need not be taken too wrisuslr. The act agninit which protest is made is a formal breach of the law of liquidation, dictated only, and only to defended, by imptrious considerations of necessity. Hut as tho law of liquidation exists by the sanction of the Powers, it is catural nouh that tho Powers chiefly concerned ahould 'test in du form agaimt its formal violation.

The law of liquidation was dosijjned and enacted for the purpoo of securing tho punctual payment of the Egyptian debt but wero tho law ever so stringent and indefeasiblo its could not le secured if the. Egyptian Administration wera brought to a standstill for want of the means to pay its way from djy to day. That is a situation out of which the bondholders and the Powers which have espoused their interest could get no sort of advantage with or without the law of liquidation. To insist therefore on the maintenance of the law of liquidation quand mfmt, and to paralyze the ad miuistration of Egypt in so doing, would obviously be to" grasp at tho shadow and sacrifice tbo substance. On the other hand, the Powers are clearly within their right in entering a formal protest against tho suspension.

Such a protest establishes and records aright which cannot, of course, be disputed but it does nothing mere. It is reported from Cairo that the Egyptian Government will confine itself to a simple acknowledgment of tho protests it has receivod. This is the and dignified courso'to take in tho circumstances, and wo cannot help thinking that the Powers will rest content with having recorded their protest, and will now await tho further course of events. With tho single exception of France, no European Power has other than a financial interest in Egypt. The suspension of the sinking fund is a step taken in the interest of the bondholders, because it is designed to 'Secure that efficiency of administration without which the charges of the debt cannot be liquidated, and therefore the Powers, other than France, have no direct intercut in resisting it.

The case of Franco is different, no doubt. France has regarded the action of England in Egypt with undisguised jealousy and irritation. Sho has never assisted us, and would probably not be sorry to hinder us. Uut France at this moment has quite enough on her hands. With a.

critical and unexplained, not inexplicable! position in regard to China 'to defend before the Chambers when they meet, M. Feeev will certainly not be anxious to have tho further embarrassment of a serious misunderstanding with England on his hands. In spite of the protests of soma of the Powers, therefore, the suspension of the sinking, fund must be regarded as a fait acrompli. It is done and cannot be undone. We cannot give any credence to the statement mftdo yesterday by a Paris journal that the protests of the Powers haTe induced tho.

Government to withdraw from tlie position it has taken up and to notify its proposals. The certainty that such protests would be made must ha vo boon foreseen and their effect considered lfore tho step was taken and the Government would justly incur censure if itwere once more to relapse into that fatal policy of hesitation and indecision which has already wrought so much mischisf in Egypt. For this reason we sincerely regret that any of those who, with repeatedly urged the Government to a bolder courso should i.ow turn and sneer at it for acting ac cording to their advico and should attempt to magnify the significance and probable effect of Uieac tion of the Powers. We do not, of course, pretend to think that the prattsts addressed to the Egyp tian Government by Germany, Austria, Russia, and France have no meaning at all. On tho contrary, they mean at least as much as this, that in the judgmont of thoJB Powers tho suspension of the sinkingfund in violation of tho law tf liquidation, for which the British Government has nyido itself responsible, can only be justified by the event.

If the affairs of Egypt aro allowed, under tho guidance and control of England, to go from bad to worse, tho patience of tho Powers will soon bo exhausted. They may acquiesce for tho moment, but they will not acquiosco for long. If, on the other hand, the suspension of the finking fund is en to bo an earnost of a thorough and effective overhaul of Egyptian ficaace, of a steadfast resolution on the part of England to bring order Out of the existing chaos and to grasjftho whole Egyptian problem with tbo firm determination of solving it, tho Powers, whrae financial interests WrH thereby bo effectively secured, will probably be found ready enough to acquiesce de fuclo in such stops as may from timo to time bo found to be necessary. From this point of view tho suspension of the sinking fund has undoubtedly lahl fresh obligations on the Government, which it will do well to los3 00 time in measuring accurately and recognizing fully. Tho necessity of.

this cannot be too urgently pressed upon tho Prime Mimstek himself, lie has told us himself that he is at timet so absorbed in tbo affairs immediately before bim that his attention is partially withdrawn from affairs at a distance. If this should rcbanco have been the case in regard to tho affairs of Egypt during his visit to Scotland where a man leas rersatilo in attention tod leu mponsibje for the conduct of the comoloK and multifarious business of ttte State night fairly be excused if he thought of nothing bit the Franchise Dill wo' cannot but rejoice that ho it now safely returned to Hawardc n. Tho affairs of Egypt cannot wait. '1 hoy lave waited long enough already, and the' lamentable indecision and vacillation of tho Government lmvo wrought the worst of evils evils that might have hrn averted by the foresight, or by this time havo boon remedied by the energy, of true statesmanship. But tho suspension of the Hinking Fund brings matters to a crisis, and the protests of tho Powers emphasise tho.

fact. It rests with tVu Englih Government to justify iu action beforo aiid it cannot undertake the task, whuh it has long trifled with or ixglocteel, too earnestly too It will bo sevti from tho accounts which wo givu elsewhere that tho preparatjens for tho Nile expedition aro now approaching completiou. Tho part of the stores anil other equipments xvquircd has now boon dispatched, and when these arrive at ther destination tho expedition will be provisioned and equipped for a thrco months' campaign. ijokii owelky is expected to leave Cairo today and to begin his journey tho Nile, and yesterday Portsmouth witnessc an excitirg sceno in thn departure on board the Peccn and the Australia of V00 of tho ricked men and officers, from the most distinguished regiments in tho Army, Mho have vol untee i ed to form the came! corps. It might lo difficult to determine whether seh ico in tho boat expedition or.

in the camel corps has in itself tho gnater share of novelty and attractiveness. for the troops engaged, but there i no doubt that for those who Mtny at home and watoh tho preparations from a distance tho cm barcation of a picked liody of troops brings tb reality of the expedition far moro vividly be fore tho imagination than the dispatch of any number of. boats and stores. The expedition which Loki WotSRLEY has prepared, and which ho is now about to undertake tho conduct in person ard on the spot, is, undoubtedly, an arduous ono. Wo cannot ns yet tell what amount of active usistance it may encounter, and it Mould certainly not lw safe to trust too explicitly to the optimistic telegrams of the Munrk of Dongola or to messages from Gene kal onijox the authenticity of Avhich cannot re garded as entirely beyond a doubt.

Tho cessation of attacks upon Suakin. however, and the atato ment that Okman Digma has been deserted by his followers seem to show that some material chaniro luu takon placo in tho attitude, of the hostilo tribos of the Soudan. But whether tho expedition on counters active ni stance or not. tho difficulties which it will have to surmount will in no caso le inconsiderable. Whatever tlioy may prove to bo, we have no doubt thoy will bo surmounted by the energy, foresight, skill, and resource of tho leader, and by the patience, goodwill, and alacrity ol the gallant troops undor his command lxnn i 1 1 al an unianing perception oi me end to oo ac complished and a skilful adaptation of tho means to be employed for attaining it.

Whotherbythe slow a boat expedition along the courso of tho Nile, or bv a rapid dash with his well equipped camel corps, or by a combination of both as circumstances seem to require, tho country has very confidence that ho will successfully accom plish the purpose of his expedition and add to the lustre of British arms. Our Correspondent, whoso letters from tho West of Ireland have been attracting very general atten tion, bring the long and interesting series to i close with the letter which wo publish this morn ing. They contain tho result of careful and ob servant study, and put us in possession of facta the yaluo of wliich, from a social or political point of view, it would be hardly pos sible to oyer estimato. Tho writer has made his way along the entire coast lino from the extreme northern point of Donegal down to Bantry in tho south west, and ho has sent us his impressions about the country and the people and their ways and habits of life. It has been a varied experience that ho has gone through, so much so that he finds himself usable at tho end of it to generalizo what ho has scon, districts ho has found sunk in an almost hopeless destitution, and maintaining with difficulty a hard struggle for life.

Elsewhere there lias been comparative comfort, and a population, in enjoyment of greater natural advantages, or turning to better account the: chances which nature has provided. All theso he has noted in turn as ho has met them, and he now adds, in conclusion, a few general lessons which have been brought homo to him in tlio course of Ids journey, and which aro amply illustrated in his earlier and in his later lotte rs. Ho shows us that in Ireland, as elsewhere, things have thcir good'and their bad side. The Land Act has dono much good, but it has also done grayo harm. Emigration ho approves as tho only available relief for some of the poorest and most thickly populated parts of tho country, but of this, too, ho speaks with somo reserve.

As to tho prospect! for tho we are in sr.me doubt whether we are bidden to hope or to despair. The best hope our Correspondent can suggest is depen dent on conditions which may or may not bo realized. There are grounds for hope almost everywhere, but! almost everywhere, too, wo find them qualified whh a mcro or less improbable if." Of tho country itsolf, of its charms for the tourist, and of tho certainty of tho welcome which tho tourist will find awaiting him, our Correspondent speaks with an almost unquali fied The traveller in tho West of Ireland must take his chance about the weather, and in tho moro rcmoto parts of the country ho must expect rough faro: These aro tho unavoidable drawbacks but apart from these; a journoy in tho West of Ireland has everything to recommend it splendid fceuery juf tho njest varied kind, fport for those who lovo sport, and, moro than all, a good natured, hospitable reception, and a genuine willingness cn all hands te give the visitor of their best. As or personal safety, tho alking tourist need bo. under no fear at all.

Hu will be a good deal safer in tho Wept of Ireland than in Epplng Forest or on tho Thames Embankment so much safer, indeed, that the very notion of 'pcrsonal danger does not seem to have occurred tb our Correspondent at all. Wo must say something on the fbw points about which our Correspondent has yentirred to Ho has gone through tho most disturbed districts of Ireland, places notorious for criminal outrages, iand tenanted by a elisaffected race who aro only now restrained from utrago by the stiong arm of tha law. Tho main caoso has been distress, and tho discontent consequent upon distress. But if wo ask noxt the cause of tho distress, wo are met by a variety of answers. In Donegal there is a barren soil, and a population in uxce of what the country can support.

But as wo proccod southward tho conditions change, an 1 tho distress must be otherwiso accounted for. As our Correspondent ncareet Bantry, ho found tho peoplo no better off than in Northern Donegal, and nowhere did lie find so deplorable an examplo of tho neglect of natural advantages. In Kerry, with good, asy landlords and with aq abundance of rich soil, tho tenants were, for tho most part, miserably poor. Tho land! agitation here has been fatal to tle chanco of improvement. landlords will do nothing, for they havo no inducement in tho position to which tho Land Act lias consigned them.

The tenants have neither energy nor moans. They have lost money of late by tbo fall in the prico of lie almost as badly off as during the memorable famine years. Emigration has been of use in some parts of Western Ireland, but it lias done little for Kerry. It is a mixed benefit anywhere. For the emigrants it is entirely gotd.

They havo a chance in tho new world beyond any which they can "reasonably expect at home. Their departure, too, tend to increase tho aizo of holdings among those bom they leave bohind, and thus to lessen tho infinitesimal subdivision of land which has "been chief among the curses 'of Ireland. Bat emigration is an influenco which picks and chooses. It selects the best out of th mass the strongest arms and the most resolute energetic spirits. Those who remain behind are in the state of a regimeut from which a d'elitchnn been drafted off.

There is room, too, for migration within Ireland itself thore are potentially rich districts from which tho riches remain undrawn there ero under peopled districts in which' the superfluous, inhabitants of other districts might be planted out. But one rule there svems to bo of almost universal prevalence in Western Ireland. Tho people of Ireland aro not an imj roving race. Their farming ways aro, our Corfesjiondent believes, much the saiio as they wcro a hundred years ago. Hie fisheries along the aro excellent but it is for English and fishermen rather than for Irish that they exist for any use.

Wo may explain the defect as wo ple avso wo may ascribe it to want of means or to want of will tho fact remains that tho Irish havo yet to learn the lesion of self help. and that until they havu learnt it there is no owcr in tho world which can do anything effectual to pull. them out of tho Slough. On tho yaluo of tho Ireland our Correspondent terms. ila beliovos that peaceful stato of Western this' Act, arid that.

if. tho dined to resign tbeir right. With a view, indeed, to tho speedy relief of vast and accumulated overflows from Europe, it is for the benefit of emigrant! of whatever nationality that the territories should have been earliest settled whkh can afford hct pitality mcst profnsoly. A colony is not founded in a moment. A protracted period intervenes before it can lodge more than a very limited number of residents.

If Germany had the universe now to select from, the new landa it might cccupy would be very long before, they offered sufficient room for German settlers to make any tangible impression upon tho black statistics of the infant mortality of jieasant Wiirtemberg and Bavaria. In North America, in South when they' care to go there, ami in British Australasia, the initial work. has been done with various degrees of completeness. The lines of a civilized lociety have been laid down. A home is waiting for as many as it pleae to come.

When sympathy is invoked, as by Dr. HVstek, with the respondeat writes about tho possibility of a crisis in the; twig market. But more might happen than he forebodes, if the worst came to the worst, and if every lady had to depend on her own resources, and a falsa front could not be had for love or money. An ingenious philosopher collected data sufficient to convince himstlft hat manki nd was gradually growing bald. The human species, which had once been entirely shaggy and hirsute, would be smooth rated in a few centuries in a short time it would bo reckoned a deformity to be in any other condition.

These things, however, aw to happen a tew centuries hence and meantime a rise in the price of chignons, perukes, and plaits would bo a serious "complication." It is useless to tell peoplo to go withent theso vanities. Of all paradoxes tho most absurd, to judge by experience, is that every one should be content with what has, in this respect given her. Nobody thinks of acting on this nil COUnT ClBCULAk. BALMORAL, SxfT. 2.

TheQaeea went out yesterday morning, attended tj Lady Churchill. rriacess Christiaa and Frinew Beatrice drove oot with Her Eoysl Highness the Duchess Albany aad FriaeoM Irene ot ilesse. In the afternoon Her Majesty drove with FrinceM trice aad Frineess Irene ot Ifts to EirkhalL and visited Her Koyai Highness the Duchess of Edinburgh. The Durhe cf Albany walked out. Dr.

Held has left the Castle. Crimes Act to speaks in strong tho comparatively Ireland is duo to pre sciit pressure were removed there would bo a spceuy recurrence to tho state of tilings which oxisted before tho Act was passed. The Act, therefore, must bo renewed next year in its essential provisions if Ireland is to remain at eaco, or in such an approach to peaco as is the beat wo can venture to look for, in the near future at all events. Thevelyax has declared in tolorably plain language that tho rcucwal of tho Act will bo rough't, ar.d wo need no special information to tell us that it will bo opposed by tho so called Nationalists, and that the Irish vote will bo givtn to tho olitical party which can bo brought to tiroDOunco acainst tho Act. It is unfortunate for Ireland that the Irish voto can bo thus turned to account.

If tho country is. to bo peaceful and prosperous tbo peoplo, our Correspondent declares, roust above all bo mado to understand that there will bo no more land legislation. In other words, them must bo a steady, consistent policy observed towards Ireland by the English Government, whichever party may ho in office and tho influence of tho Irish voto does not mnko for this. Our Correspondent is thus in equal doubt about the political and industrial future of Ireland. Ho sees a close connexion between the two; but beyond this the perspective is dim, and ho can soo nothing with distinctness.

One thing he can tell us with absolute confidences. Ho has found the West of Ireland a thoroughly enjoyable placo and ho re commends it, with all its faults, for tourists who, liko himself, will bring with them good nature and a general disposition to bo pleased, and not too exacting a temper. Dit. William I1uter, wIioeo progresses through India make him think as lightly a journoy to Europe from Calcutta as ordinary Englishmen think of one to Edinburgh from London, writes to us from Weimar on tho German colonization movement. Tho German Colonial Association hold a Conference on Sunday at Eisenach in very favour able circumstances.

After two years of busy deliberation and discussion, the society has aroused sensible stir in tho national mind. Germans everywhere havo begun to awake to tbo expediency of colonization. German traders and German peasants aro alrko anxious for new markets for their capital and their industry. From north to south common impulso towards the foundation of a German Colonial Empire is perceptible Mere than all, the frienild of colonial extension havo converted tho one German without whom no fresh step can ever bo taken. Prince Bismarck has avowed himself the patron and champion of German settlements where ever they havo established themselves on tho faith of cover by' tho German flag.

Territories havo actually been annexed by Germans for Germany Vngia Pequcna constitutes a portion of the Empire. Other acquisitions are being planned. Tho tide of popular sentiment has set strongly and steadily in tho direction pointed out by tho German Colonial Association. In no slight measure through its exer tions Germany is already enrollod in tho number of colonizing Powers. It hopes to induce tho suspicious Reichstag in a future session to reverso tho opposition of the last to tho voto of an Imperial subsidy for German steam communication between German ports and Uerroan plantations, mere is no tpiestion of tho sincerity of tho anxiety dis playod by a majority of tho German nation to fulfil tbo aspirations expressed by tho Association a Eisenach on its behalf.

If the wish bo based upon a real national need, there can equally bo lid doubt that Germany will havi its will. Evidence that colonization is necessary foe Germany lies on tho surface, though Dr.Hoter has dono useful work in reminding the English public Of tho urgency of tho want. German capital neods external markots for its employment. Germany herself is not sufficiently 'developed for tho absorption German business and industrial energy. Germany presents tho phenomenon of a margin of the nation een and eager for opjiortunitias, with a mass behind commercially lethargic and unreceptive.

German morchants and manufacturers, with tho in dustrial class they havo trained, fret and rebel at the scarcity of openings abroad to reward them better than tha sluggish markets at home. With them the impetuB lias originated which the German Colonial Association promotes in the namo of the entire German people. Ilio security for it3 permanence and growth is that tho whole German nation suffers infinitely more grievously from tho congestion of which German trade audibly and consciously complains. Germany is not unprogres sivo in population liko France. The German peoplo has tho same instinct for multiplication as tho English.

Cooped up within fixed local limits, it corrects tho error of its Idvo of family life by the terrible rcmedyof an extraordinary infant mortality. carelessness, profligacy, and neglect massacre myriads of innocents throughout. Bussia and in tho alleyiof English, Scotch, and Irish popu ous cities. South German parents aro affectionate and temperate. Their children dio by forty or ferty five to the thousand merely forthe crime of birth within a spaco too circumscribed to nurture them.

is useless to argue that were the resources of the Empire enlarged they might support the present and even a greater population. The internal means of a country are slow of growth and meanwhilo tho children die. Colonization is tho obvious specific. Tho sole point to decide is tho form colonization should assume For the immediate exigency resort to the colonial possessions of foreign States has been tried by the surplus German population, and must continue for the present to be practised. Maritimo European peoples have had tho advantage of Germany in time.

They have appropriated on immense area of the vacant regions of the globe fitted to existing pile of misery from over popuiation in Ger in regard to any other bodily defect. many, the necessary answer is an invitation to Ger one would tell' a qne legcetl man to abstain mans to go in their tbovrahda to a rcoro of Iccali ties in which they aro heartily welccmo to live and multiply and thrive under a foreign flag. But this is not tho species of colonization which the German Colonial Association has been instituted to further. The Association desires at once to house tho surplus German population and stretch the boundaries of Germany. Geiman ruleis with their military proclivities are known to look with no friendly eyes on ti removal of German, subjects out of tiro reach of military service.

Germans tho mrst devoid of military prejudices may bo pardened for a inoro cenerous rtiuctanco to ste thouands of their fellow citizen yearly expalriatp themselves. Aware as the most ardent memters of tho Colonial Association must be that the exodus of Germans to foreign domiciles cannot be and ought not to be stopped for long to they are entitled to hope for a day when the infant German settlements about to ariso will hayo witler ed enough to give ermans ti option of quitting Europe and not Germany. The ugh it is bettor that German children should live to become prosperous American citizens than that they should wither and erish at homo, the loss of nationality is a hard prico to pay. A Stato naturally gains when its emigtants carry its bannor with them. Tnoy gain at as much.

Cases are conceivable in which an emigrant benefits by cutting himself adrift frcm his native land and its institutions. There are instances in which death is preferable to life. Fm a man to surrender his fatherland is a kind of death, however gentle may bo tho process of dissolution. If an alternative bo possible, Germany is perfectly justified in taking measures to bo enabled to oiler it to her sons Clearly, though not exceedingly easy, it is possible, and Germany has mado up its mind to dis regard tho difficulties. That there will be difficulties at stations liko tho Cameroons and Angra Pcqucna unfortunately certain.

As Dr. Husiib remarks they aro not suitablo for European manual labour. A shipload of German peasants transported sud denly to either would exhibit a worsb percentage of mortality than their children at homo. The valuo of such posts even as depots for trailc with the interior has vet to bo learnt. But tho world con tains otbor waste places in want of occupants which would reward plantation bettor than these.

Great Britain is very far from grudging their annexation to Germany. Our own hands aro only too full. wish for markets, cot for moro dominions. Colcnr aation is costly and troublesome work. Tho ad vantago is that it creates new.

markets for the world to use. English trado has nothing but causo for gratitude if a friendly nation will and participate in providing tho fresh markets by which itself is sure to reap a plentiful share of profit. The truo Janger to.tho world as woll as to Germany of tho experiment tho German Colonial a a Association, with the approval of Prince Bismarck, is trying is that tho occasion may turn out to havo teen owKw'ardly chosen, and the fervour of German colonial adventuronsncss bo choked in smoke. If the schemo for German colonization in South Africa has been adversely criticized, Gormans may bo as ured it has been condemned rather because it is htzardous than because it is enviable This country has no intention to play dog in the manger, and least of all to tho injury of its blood relation and constant ally. ere it ever so in clined, Englishmen are too little enamoured of Africa to grudge Germans tho privilego of seeking their fortuwos on its vacant shores.

If hero and thore weak Emrlish murmurs havo beeti heard at the acquisition by Germany of a chance of which Great Britain hail refused to avail herself, thoy must bo sot against a deluge of imputation of unworthy motives and a gratuitous Wowing of war trumpets by a considerable part of tho German Press. We hopo that both demonstrations are. now at an end. Tho tooner they aro forgotten tho better. maintain easily collected masses, of immigrants cattlo and if their potato crop ever fails, ther will Theirs was tho first choice, and they are not in Tho troubles in China are producing results for which no one in Franco or elsewhere bargained.

Fir reaching complications will always ensue when one great Power sends ironclads te bombard the nossossions of another but something has occurred which not one of those in Franco who resolved upon a policy of action in the East ever expected. China has ceased, says a correspondent in a communication wo published yesterday, to send hair to France. There is much moro in that than meets tho eye. Tho former country has hitherto lupplitdthe great bu.lk ef human hair uaed in Franco and it ia a considerable qui ntity. No fewer than 80 tons are imported annually at Marseilles.

Tho dark rich tresses of tho Italian contadina formerly served id France to repair tho meagreness, of Nature But the supply from that quarter has fallen off. The golderi hairrd Teutonic maiden will not, as she onco did, part, for a consideration, with her crown of. beauty her blond locks which were in request as far back as Jwesal's time grow rcarce. The Spanish peasant girl has never been wont to sell her beautiful hair; and altogether, as our correspondent observes, aa education extends, it becomes increasingly 14 difficult to persuade young women in Europe to part with their tresses." A little may be picked up in poverty stricken parts of Brittany or Auv'ergne, but it is more and moro requisite to go to China, Cochin China, and Japan for this commodity. Un fcurtunately, as the supply declines tho demand increases.

Perukes, plaits, and false fronts must bo got. To tho making of elaborate coifiitrts go elements for which the artist must seek far.a6.eld. For the ladies of Marseilles alone hair sufficient for 27,000 pvstichea is reserved, and our correspon dent concludes that, as a pestiefit lasts three years, "81,000 women in Marseille's pretty nearly the whole of the female adult popula tion must be wearers of falsa hair in one sharo or another." Similar' reasoning leads him to the conclusion that no fewer than two millions of women annually procure false hair from Marseilles. These figures open up a startliug view. Marseill es, though the chief place of import for this article, is not the only port in France at which hair is received it enters elsewhere, both in that country and cut cf it.

What, having regard to these figures, must bo the number of those who owe as much to their coiffeur as to Nature Eighty tons of perukes, plaits, and false fronts taken by Marseilles alone I What must cities more populous and fashionable, such as Paris, require I What must be tbo supply necessary fcr tho wants of the millions of ladies who will have a suitable rent, however scantily they may I endowed I And in face of all this comes the fact that the lost steamer but one brougnt to Marseilles only three cases, and tha last oeIt one case, of this commodity. Our cor from using an artificial snbstituto, or! chide tho vanity of another, who, having lost an; arm sought to conceal the deficiency by using an in genious imitation of the missing limb. There is nothing but praise, for tho contrivance if it bo clever copy ot nuure aat there seems to be good reason for thinkinir that, in this point of view, wigs havo not had fair play, The old powdered typr belongs exclusively to the past. It could not survive the French llevolution it belonged essentially to a. society with a stately ceremonial, which then disappeared But tho realistic wig of modern time, as con structod by the Kst London or Paris artists, is of its age, as (the phrase is, and is sure to hold its While the fashion of wigs changes, in one form or another they remain they are found in the tombs of the Phaeaoiis.

and they may perhaps jio worn by 3Iacavlays Now Zealander. rrom acknowledged baldness most men, even the boldest, shrink for a time. They uscally exhamt a series of expedients of economy before the ba.ro fact is admitted. Tho skilfu toxmur who enters to repair tho ravages or timo will never want customers. Our corrcspen Cent states that tho trauo has rrown enor mously.

But it is a question whether, after all moro artificial hair is at present used by ladies than before. Now the addition to their head jesu is put at the back, now at tho front now it is used for constructing a hngo tower, now in supplying fantastic ringlets. It matters little what tho particular fashion may be false hair in somo form has! been used very much as it is. And it is sheer wasto of time to deplore this. uur correspondent mentions some curious figures as to tho countries from which the supply lias hitherto been derived They are, in thd order of their importance as exporters, China, Italy, Cochin China, the Enclish East Indies, Japan, Algtria, Turkey, Austria, and Spain It would bo interesting to know what determines the locality of this trade.

Is it found that tho tresses of tho ladies of tlio Celestial Empire aro more beautiful than those to be got in other lands 1 Aro the maidens of Italy less proud of their opulent locks than others Half a dozen other suggested explanations might bo given. Tho most satisfactory is that which is most apparent All tho countries named aro poor many of them only partially civilized. There are nations which wear falso hair, and others which: do not and tho distinction nearly coincides with that between poor and back ward societies and tho opposito. Tho peoplo of every country begin to use false hair as soon as they can afford it that scorns to be the philosophy of tho matter.They go for what they want to thoso who are not ablo'to indulge this taste that seems to be always verified. Fashion is cruel in many ways the hardships which como from it are commonplaces.

Not tho least harsh of its effocts is that it involves a sacrifice of glory and beauty to so many. Moro than one pretty story has been told oi uerman maidens selling their tresses to re lieve their parents from some obligations. Pretti' substancoof some such stories is being doubtless enacted in all the countries which we havo mentioned. Oidy a woman's lock of hair was thought to be a touching inscription. If so what pathos may there not be in the 80! toes annually brought to Marseilles 1 Could we traca tho history of only a few locks, in that mass, wo might como upon tragedies, groat or small.

Eighty tons of women's hair aro not to: be collected with as fow pangs and as little anguish at go to tho gathering of the same quantity of cotton or wool. Even our ingenious corre spondent could not calculate how much feminine misery went to tbo ton but it cannot, human nature being as it is, bo small. Perhaps tho only consolation which tho sufforars would appreciate would ho io give them the hope that they. too. would one day be in a position to wear poitichen plaits, and false fronts.

THE MAliTIXS OF COXXEMARA. TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES. Sir, Miss Harriet Jfartia baring alreaJj corrected tbo i take as to the Christian.name of the last male iartin who inherited IiiHynahinch. whose name wm Thomas liarnwall," not Diclc," I hope your Special Correspondent will allow me, as a Dear connexion 61 the late Colonel Bell Martin, te correct some other par tlcolars about which he apl ars to have been misinformed. Thomas Martin djing of fever, 'contracted in doinir his duty to his tenantry, was sacceeded by his daughter Mary, who married Iter cousin, Arthur Coonc Cell, of htramitown, they assuming' the name ct Bell Martin.

Mrs. llcll Martin did not ilie on toard an emigrant ihip. bit at the Union Hotel in New York, carefully tended, and in consequence cf the after effects of her confinement, the child having been torn dead. I had myself hoped to meet the Bell Martini in Kcw York, having sailed from Havre wjiife on my way to Canada from Liverpool, but the close of my leare of absence fcrced me to quit New Yorlt a lew Uajs before their arrival, thus prevcatiuff my aeeinj ray dear frknJ Mary IMl Martin again After his wife's death Mr. Bell Mrtia joined meat Quebac' i 1 a.

i i Ba iciiucu hiiic avi njujn muc lu luc jean AOOj I do cot wish to enter ou a deaJ and goce Mbrv regard" tag the ins aud oats of the ruin of the Ballynahinch ro. perty, but I must nlost positively assert thai it was tot caused by any improvidence on the part of Mr. Bell Martin. He may hot alwajs! have taken the tnosi judicious course. and perhars at.

times followed judfftU advice; but with to heavily encumbered a property as cn ler difficult circumstances i eiUtet in those trying times and with the facilities mortgage creditors obtained for forring sale, even the beat buainesa man might have failei to hold his own. One circumstance always crippled Lim. Before bis death Thomas Martin bad incnrred.debts for the benefit of his tenantrr. and had made proviaien for their payment. The money for this purpose was not left in good Lands, and was made away with tefcre his daughter was married.

She. conkiJerini it a duty, made herwlf personally icsponiiale for tbe.se tfebti. and on their marriage Mr. Bell Martin formally accepted his wife's responsibility. Those debts had afterward to be paid off from the property of Streams town, to which he succeeded after his lather's death, and (hy kept him a poor maa all his life.

Far from his being personally the account received by your edrreaponJent would icier, all hia life long be exercised a most adf enyiag economy. After hi wife's death he obtained a commiaMon in line rcriment, aerred afterward ia the Cape loonled Bh3es and the Sth Laneeri, paxtiCdlarly dUtinuUhing himself in the supprea aioa of the Indian Mutiry. at the iege of Delhi, and in the aufeerjuent campaigns, ile had attained the rank of Lieu tenant CoIou.L, and waa in command of the 7th Dragoon uarcs hen he retired from the aerviee in 1872. He was iobseqaentiy appointwl Colonel of the Cork Artillery Militia, and dieu at Bishopatoite from an accident on the South Western Kail way in Wheuatthe Cape he was married a second time to Margaret; daughter ef Mr. II.

Johsatoa, of Grahams fc wn, by whom he had a and daughter, the former ot whom predeceased his father. i I remain. Sir. your obedient servant. DAVID fllASEK, GeneraL The rarje, Caa fleconcell, Sept.

24. VBITLAItY. Onr Cambridge L'nifersity Corresponfent writes: Merolera of tho Unixersity both past and present will regret the death of the Re r. Arthur Robert Ward, M.A., vicar of St. Clement.

Cambridge, which occurred oa Thursday at hia residence. Jeiua lane. Cambridge. The deceased the fourth son of the late Mr William Wat M.P, for the City of Londonjmd wu born in He etlucatc at St. John's Colleg.

Cambridge, where be graduated V. in 18oo proceeded M. in due courre. He waa ordained in 1850 by tte Bishop of Ely. and was curate All Saints, Cambridge, from to Ii.

In thj latter jear he was presented by the Master acJ Fellows of Jtoa Colieje to the vicarage of St Clemcut, but laturly, timitj to failing health.be has been ctnureUei to rvliuijuuh active duty in the parish. Mr. War! ha for the last 30 years taken a mutt ac tite part a a member of the University Crickvt Cluh. He was a thorough enthuaiast, an.1 nothing gave him greater pleasure thin to witnoi a gputl. match, in his undergraduate days ho plajed in the University eleven.

He waa seldom absent from the iaUr L'nivereity cculest at Lord's. Mainly his exertioca tho pr. scnt excellent cricket ground at Cambridge, foitucrly tnvwn aa Fencer's;" was secured to tbo University Club, the LanI some pavilion erected contributions obtained tioia past memt crs of the University through the solicitaticn of Mr. 'Ward, and an advantaeou lease was granted by Gonville and Catus CoCesc. Mr.

Ward Lad Leen fcr many" yeara presidtn: and treasurer of the University Cnce5 Club, in which he had woa the esteem and rigan? of many generatioca of cricketers aLd The death has been chronicled at llueros Jiyrta cf Seiioi Nicholas Ancheleni, who was probably the richtV fanner in the world. HisjT'TrtJ' Md to have coexisted 1 "10 square mika of land, tows, and sheep Ktther ith a considerable amount tf house property the city. The asseU at the time of his death wert Oar Philadelphia Com spon lent ttlcgrarhs that Mr. John W. tiam tt died yesterday, aged ti.V llis son.

Mr il'oWrt I iarrttt, sLCceeda Lim as rroidectof the Baltimort 'and Ohio Kailway. Tnz CHOtotAi Tlw London Gazette of last night contains erend EOtcatiot of regulations at poits abroad with' reference to Quarantine. Lokd DrrFnux. It is stated that Lord DufTerin will leave England by the Indian sail from LoruTon the trst wet ic ki' November. His lorcahip will be met at lkmibay ly the Marquis of Kijcn, who immediately after wards emtarfcs lor tnglana.

Loki ltosEBEiiv. Last nicht Lord Kosebert was somewhat better, having slept a part of the day, an the internal pain being rather less. On Thursday night he suffered from want of sleep. The injured collar bone ia ixinz oa well. fciK Ji'tir liESEPicT: Mr jnuis ijoneeiict nas composed a special election of music to be played by the sailors' orphan band at Hull on the eocaaion of the visit of the Duke and Duchess ot JMlmDurgn next elneiaay.

Ikon ad Steel iNsnifTE. The members cf tho Iron aad Steel Institute visited Festiniog jesterday where they inspected tte slate quarries, subsequently proceeding ir special train to Carnarvon, where the party lucehet. Sir Lleelln Turner conducted the members over the Castle. Conway Casde was also visited, tte inemberf Leinc entertained by the Major of onway. The art afterwards left by special train for Chester.

Tie wcatbu was untavourable. rarB talhcg the grvater part 01 tae cay. The Health hxHiBmoy. It is announced that this exhibition will finally close on the night of Thursday, October CO. Trade is the Southern states.

ine reports on the induAtrial progress ot the South shew a fairly satis I ait cry condition of with one or two exceptions. The tra.e of Charleston for the vear amounted to ILK), acainst s75.115.4CO"tif the prerious year a decrease of over ilO.OOO.OU), attribatl to losa of busineaj iu upland cotton and a general diminution cf the wholesale and retail trade of the city. The decrease has taken plice princirally in cotton, rice, naval stores, resin, and lumber, while on the otner nana we manuiaciurea anu expws oi i.hor,hate show a eomiderable increase, the ship ment from Charleston and Beaufort, together with local consumption, bemg 4U3.103 tons, against CJJJ.C31 tons in 1J.S3. Xhe crep report over p.osc ci suum are very encouraging, and the merchants anticipate a rros .1 L. I perous tea sou, noiwimsiaaaing me iemj)rarj cwn.

Savannah trade does not. seem to have suffered by tha depression nearly as much as that of Charleston. In tho matter of cotton Savannah is cow the second port in the United States, anl first in naval stores. 1 he receipt of cotton in the past year were Com, 5 bales and naval storca Ol.UOO barrel, against in tno previous year. Over a million pacaagvs of fruits and vegetables were shipped, and tbo total trade of Savannah waa nearly bJ.OtO.OuO.

The savannah merchants are very sanguine a to the results of the coming year, and thoc of New Orleans are still mora to, believing that an era of cxcerdiriff eritv i cloeat hand. The increase in the as sessed value of 12 Southern States during the year amounted to over S1M5.0UO.W.O. There, was. however, in New Orleans city a decrease in sevenl of the year'a receipts, cotton i i i being l.i'H.iOJ oaies, against uucs, nuuc uivre wm a reneral decrease in the ci ports of eU.OOO.P.U, tho exports of lt83 having been MJxX, and of the present ear enly iri. The receipts and exports of mann factured and leaf tobacco and sugar alM those of rice and molasses have materially increased.

He wards tvk Uallamry. The Committee of the Koval Humane Sacietv havo just concluded the in vestigation of a large number of cases of saving life which been reported to them. Tfioxsilver medal of the Society has been awarded to Frank Shooter, bathing superintendent, for the rescue of Forrest F. K. Uartnoll, Irom tho mill stream, Exeter, on July lti.

Hartnoll, a lad of 14, was in a canoe on tte river too near the head of the mill stream, was capsized and swept by the current nnder the render into the mill leat which ficms through an rrh tunnelled through rocks for a distance of lard. Shooter saw the accident aad at once ruahed to the spot and dived under the fender. He iound the boy chugmi; to a rock, and swimming to him took him off. Knowing that it ad impossible to swim back with him against tho stream, te resolved to aim through the tunnel to its further outlet. The boy, getting frightened, clutched his rescuer by the throat, but Shooter managed to swim with hi in through the tunnel in totaldarkneasJn course of which feat he i dashed sexaral times by the current ag tinst the rocks and severely trorsed.

Shooter, who has saved many lives and is alrcadv in possession of the Society' bronza medal and three clasci, waa also awarded a fourth clasn for aaving Frank Nichols on July 7. Nichols aank while bath in in the Exe. Shooter," hearicg cries fur help, ran m. disunce of 70 yards, stripped eft hi eoat. swam oat and dived five timei into a strong current about 12ft.

deep before ho was able to find Nichols. Bronze medals were awarded, on the recommendat'en rf the Colonial Office, to Emosl, a native of Nasilai, and Rata and Apraim, members of the Fijian Police, for services rendered at the wreck of the Syria on the Nasilai reef, Fiji. on May 13. Emosi saved a womsn, who had fallen in the wreckage and orcsea cer icg, oy carrjmg ner acros dangeroua pasage over wtlch the sea wa breaking furiously. Rata Joshua saved the last man who ai taken olf the ship hen the breakers were dashing, ovvr her.

Swsni swam out through the sari and rescued a f. man and her lid'aut who werj bein carried out to sea and Apraim carried ender each arm and a wumsn'on his back throuirh the breakers. Other bronze medals were awirdeo1 a under To Patrick Cuff for reaching Mary Cur tin and atten pting to save her sister at Spanish 1'oinf, county Clare, on August 21, Mr. Cui is C7 year of age, and tte rccue was a gallant one. To Captain John 11.

3. Gill, Egyytran Army, for saving Aid Salam Benanc at Ksneh, Egyptn June 27. This rescue wa made againtadangf.rooa current in the Nile To. the Kev. John lrwine hitiey for saving Amy Harrison at Herne Bay on July 13.

Iho child fell intu the sea and was carried a strong ebb about yard from shore. The reverend gentleman, who is C2 years of age, plunged in with all his cldttecn. and bronght her astore. To Robert Shaw fcr saving Lily Harvey at VJueenstown, county Ctrk.ou August ti Coav rsauder Bartoa K. Bnulford.

K.N.. fnir saving Minnie Leng at 1'austow, on John Bell, lor saving lobn Brock at Passage Lridge. VTej mouth, on August 1C David E. Meagher and Walter Rice Evana fcr saving Hettie sal attempting to save Mary Ba'tcbelor at Oyermouth. Swansea, on Artgust VJ Alfreil George Carlisle, for sa vim; Montagu Hutching at Kxmoutb.

on Augost 4 Jonah Johnston, for saving Alfred James Truytther at Whitlev. NoithumterlanJ. on Jane C. Clarke; for saving Jessie Rurwood at Oumey, 03 Anust 18 Ceeil Meir, for savins Amy Mary Hunt at DynK hnreb, on Augnst 2i William R. Brooks, for George Chism and John M'Crae and attenrpting twsavs M'Keoa at Lough Erne, Enniskiilen, on' August Si JuliQ Malooeor saving Thomas Connell at Fire Mccnt Point.

Greenore, oh Acgust2y Grace Alderton and Ethel Aldertoa, cli'dren age 112 and 10 respectively, for savius Keith Urqahart. ageU lt. on At uat Hngh Farren, for saving Mrs. Campbell at Uundoran. Donegal, cn July 23 Robert Walker, for saving William R.

M'AmuxnJ at Anckland.on August 24 William Henry Carter, for anving James M'Croy at undo ran, Donegal, cn Acgnst '2Z Jame Reynold, for saving James F'innigan at Tramore. Water ford; Adam Robertson, for Savin; John Brora. June 23 Lieutenant the Hon. W.Criinstoo. H.

E. Brown. A.K.aad C. Cock, of Her Majesty's ship Alexandra; for saving H. Season ctf Re rout; Frederick M.

Hamilton, for saving Charles F. Greer at Castlerock. Derry and T. J. Smith, for saving J.

RumboM at Wetcn uper mare. on Angust 21. Certii ratea cn veil am were awarded to Emily J. O'Neill, Thomas Ravers John Mackay, Jaeaph Simmonda Smith, Walter Cooprr, Scrgsast G. Davidson, John Ellis, Georga Harris.

Thomas CradJock, Thomas E. Bnekley, Thomas Jame Grant, John Pengilly, James Fryer, William Forrest. William Johnson. John Kielv. James Edward.

Joaeph Simmend. Denais Glanton, Arthur Harper, James W. Lonz. aad C. Teasdale and on to J.

II. Clarke. John Price, J. J. B.

Camphay. Charles Chatfeld. James Bailey. Thomas Fox. Geerge l'owell, Thotraa Weal, hoes a li Ubert.

Ueorje James Bead. Jcaepa H.Asher. Richard Hiek. Christopher O. Brearty.

Fran sis Kourka Jesenh Eocth. itaisiel. W. Pearce. Jt.J.JttS.