The Times from London, Greater London, England • Page 10

THE TIMES, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 1886. )TEE BRITISH ASSOCIATION. la order to facilitate the excursion arrao permeate to day, imnl of the section met at 10 o'clock Instead of 11. Heavy thunder showers Ja Ui Borniag threatened to spoil the pleasure of numerous holiday makers but the weather hi cleared by the time the sections rose, and 'until dusk, when another beery storm broke, the leather remained fine. The largest gathering was in the Eeonomie Section, where admirable paper Verereadby Mr.

A. II. Dyke Acland bpere tion," by Professor Sidgwick on The Economic Jlxcoptions to LaUttr aire," and by Lord On low on Allotments." In the Chemical Section, IYo feesor Hartley's paper on "The Fading Vf Watercolonrs waa a Talaable contribution to a subject on which a long controrcry baa rcoentlj been carried on in the columns of The 'Times, Sections A QUtbematical and Physical Science), (Geography), and II (Anthropology) lad no meetings to day. All the tactions rose at i p.m. Protomor Koberts Austcn's lecture in the erenin on 4 The Colour of Metals and Alloys Vas of considerable interest to all concerned in the local Industrie, and attracted a largo audi knee, chiefly composed of working men.

CUIMUTKT. The President (Mr. Crookee) was in the chair, nd the proceedings opened with a paper by W. 2f. Hartley on Tbo Fading of Vator oolours." lWerriag to the article Light and Water colours," by Mr.

J. Robinson, ta the JV'iaetreaU Century, Ilto Trs soa IlaJtTur pointed out that colours consist of mineral substances, for the moat part of a stable character, and erganit substances consisting of stable colours and un table and changeable colours. With the exception of ultramarine, bodies of the former class may be considered as unalterable unless they contain lead or mercury those at the second class may be considered alterable under retain renditions. The action of light, according to the researches of Chastains on these two classes of substances, when it is capable of affecting them, is different. On mineral substances the red rays causa oxidation the oxidising power decreases as the rays extend more towards the yellow the yellowish green rsys.

are without action and form a neutral region the blue rays reverse the action of the red, for they promote redaction, and this action increases in intensity in the violet and ultra violet rays. On organic substances the action of light is sn oxidising one throughout, continuously increasing in power as the rays extend through the red and yellow into the violet. There is, however, a modification in the green, tbe rays having a diminished oxidizing power. The actios, of light on orcauie substances is not confined to oxidation, for bodies of complex and unstable character may be changed In composition, and, bring resolved into more stable compounds, changed in colour or rendered colourless. Experiments on colours, showed that this wss apparently the case with crimson lake, gamboge, bistre, and to a less extent with brown madder and sepia.

Indigo is permanent. Ultramarine is bleached by acids, but enacted on by light. In order to preserve water colour drawings in which delicate yellow and red tints are largely used, as, for Turner's sunlight pictures, they be kept in a very subdued light, preferably oHt yellow tint, such as is yielded by daylight passing through blinds of unbleached linen. For artificial illumination the arc light is unsuitable, but in candescent lamps are preferable to gas, as there are no Iroducts of combustion such as gas yields of an injurious nature. The action of tha violet rays is two to three times as powerful as the red or yellow at least, and the difference between the action of diffused daylight sufficient to view pictures and direct sunlight is at least 40 times as great, and in summer probably 40U times.

lience a picture which would fade in ten years in sunlight might be preserved for something like 1,200 years in a yellow light. The acidity of drawing paper should be corrected by a wash of a dilute solution of borax, and in no case ought any paste, gum, or glue to be placed at the bacJr of a drawing lor the purpose of mounting it. Mr. Warecgtox next road a paper on The Distribution of the Nitrifying Organism in the Soil." lie said that previous experiments, conducted at Rotham Ited on this subject hsd led to the conclusion that the nitrifying organism is always to be met with down to nine inches from the surface, and that at 18 inches it is sometimes present, but experiments with soil two to eight feet from the surface failed to yield evidence of the presence of tbe organism. Further experiments had been made in 3885.

and durioc the present rear, both in the field with the stiff clay subsoil previously worked on and in another field having a loamy subsoil in all, 69 new experiments bad been made. The new results showed a far deeper distribution of tbe nitrifying organism than was concluded from the earlier experiments. The power of producing nitrification was now found to exist general! down to three feet from the surface. Etlow this" point the occurrence of tne organism became less Irrquent, tbougb at five and six feet about half tbe trials resulted in nitrification. With oil from seven and eight feet no nitrification was obtained.

The considerable difference between the earlier 'and later results wss to be attributed to the employment of gypsum in the later solutions. Dr. TlDT read a report prepared by sir. Crookes, Dr. Odling.

and himself, on Tbe Action of Drinking "Water on Lead," which concluded with the following practical suggestions 1. We deem it were it advisable, which we doubt, to replace tbe lead 'pipes by iron pipes, or by pipes of tinned lead. And even supposing we were able to suggest some protective coating for the lead pipes, it would be a huge undertaking and entail a heavy expense to take up hundreds of miles of lead pipe already laid and to replace them by pipes of im troved constriction. As regards tinned lead pipe, the tinning is found to be not only detrimental to the strength of the lead, but is likely, unless the coating be perfect, to assist the dissolution of tbe lead. Iron pipes, although strong, and safe so far as health is concerned, are more likely to break, more difficult to adjust and repair, verv easy of oxidation, and liable to obstruction from accumu lation me oHur.

are not.aoje say now isr same of these evils might be met by lining the service pipes with Angus Edith's or other innoxious material, Such ss silicic us glazing. Tin also is acted upon by water, although no doubt its toxic action is far below that of lead. It is' fairly flexible, but four times as expensive as lead. Being, however, a more tenacious metal than lead, a thinner tin pipe would suffice. But there is reason to believe that waters do not affurd a protective coating to tin in the same manner that they habitually do to lead.

The advantages of load service pipes are their cheapness, durability, flexibility, and tbe ease with which they can be wrought and repaired. 2. We consider that our results. as set forth in the pages of this report, warrant us in recommending with confidence the systematic and con tinuous nitration or water, recourse being bad to such modifications of the ordinary filter bed as will insure, the efficient silication of the water. Efficient silication would, our belief, minimize to the utmost, and practic ally altogether prevent, the action of tbe water on the lead services thereby effecting a real hygienic improvement, and allaying the justifiable apprehensions of consumers as to the possibility even of injury resulting to them from the lead dissolving character of the water supply.

Such filtra tion would, moreover, in a special manner improve the brightness and colour of the water, tnd would lessen the quantity of organic matter held in solution. Mr. A. H. ALLOT (Sheffield Borough Analyst) eonrra tula ted the authors of the report on having come to definite conclusions.

In Sheffield many persons had suffered from lead poisoning, and he was glad that the authors of tha report had provided a remedy. Dr. LxlPs said that organic matter in soft water bad a considerable effect in dissolvins? lead. Dr. OMJXO suggested that the carbonic acid in the metal itself was an important element.

The question of lead pipes was raised when it wss proposed to supply Glasgow from Loch Katrine. But the fact was that soft wster soon ceased to act upon lead. Tbe discussion was continued by Mr. XuiMAQf and 1 BorcBoR arum), ana ur, tidt briefly replied. Geology.

Professor Bonney took tho chair in the Council uaainoer at 10 SO. A paper of local interest was contributed bv Mr. Tlnmr John sus on the extension and probable duration of the South Staffordshire coalfield, in which tho writer described the finding of the 6ft. thick coal seam at Handwell rmrk. which was the finest seam in the kingdom, and he ex lvw opinion mat it was sougnt lor at increased depths this seam would be found, to extend outside the present boundary of the South Staffordshire coalfield.

PBortssoft T. M'C llrcno discussed the Pleistocene of theVale of Clwyd, PsorcetOK II. C'akvili. Larwu gave the results of Comparative Studies upon the lactation oi norm America, Ureal lintain and Ireland, and Mr. W.

A. E. UssatR read a paper on the Relations el the lluUJe ana jLrOwer Devonian in West comers BlOLOOT. In this section, under the nresidencv of Mr. Carrathers, F.K.S., the first contribution was a report of the committee appointed at last year's meeting at Aberdeen on the migration oi birds at lighthouse and light roesols.

The rammittee said that altogether 187 stations were supplied with printed schedules for registering the obser vaiioos, aad returns nave been sent la from 125. About 167 separate schedules have been sent in to your reoilera, TS sonaral remits, as far as the special object of the In. quiry, have been very satisfactory, and much information baa also beemarcumolsted respecting the breeding habits of sea fowl on tha outlying islands and skerries en the Rentefc mxA Irish Miuts. and altogether a meat mass rj facts and valuable data obtained which cannot tail to be of aloe to future inquirers. Another report was read on the establishment of a MrJnJ station at Gran ton.

Scotland. Tha ooenmitUe reported that tbe turn of 75 placed at their disposal had bB used to aid in defraying the eipcnaes of tarrying on the work of the Scottish marina station at Gran ton. Two reports on the work of the institution daring tbe past year had been sent into the seeretaryby iit. T. Cunningham, the superintendent, who has charge of 'the zoological investigations aad Dr.

Hugh Kl arm is resrjonsibia lor tne penra thm niMetw the Ststcmatic CX amission the ova of all rpeciesjof fish which could be obtained was commenced. Tha pelagic ova of the cod. bad.kxk, whitiag, aad gTsn rd had baea eiamiaad ia the previous srrisg. aad thoaa of a large number of additional species have now been figured and described at successive stare of development. Tbe results of this work are now bring pablisbed ia fall by tbe Boyal Society of KdiBburgh, and will appear as a memoir ia the BoeietyV Transactions." Tm faunologieal investigations hare been carried on as time permitted since tha opening of the station, and hare, sine June last, been receiving particular attention.

A report on tbe chaclopoda, in tha preparation of which Mr. U. A. Kamage is giving his assistance, will appear ia tha rvmlag autumn a report on the sponge is being pre pared by Mr. Arthur Thomson and miscrllaLeous notes on other classes will be incorporated with these special reports.

The Distribation of Micro organisms in the Air of Town, Country lioildings "was the subject of a paper by Dr. Pzkct f. RAJ stunti. The olio win g'are some of the more important results lloof of tteieuee Schools, South Kensington. Average number of organisms in ten litres of air, 3j average number of organisms falling per square foot per minute, 279.

In country places the respective average numbers were 11 and 71) in corn places in London (Kensington gardens, Hyde l'ark, l'rimrose hill), 24 and 83. In railway carriage, four passengers, window open, the number of organisms falling per square foot per minute was 335; in railway carriage, ten' passengers. window almost closed. 3,1 JJ. Another paper by the same author was on 1 he Multiplication and Vitality of certain Micro vrganisms, Patho genic and otherwise.

Tha remaining pspers by Dr. Tkiksk, PitorrsaoK Bower, and PBorrMOK. WlUXaXaos were of a highly technical character. In tho Phvsiolosrical Sub section Dr. Muirhcad presided.

The subject of discussion in the subsection was Animal Morphology," and the first patr was contributed by Irofessor Windle on Man's Lost Incisors." The deductions drawn by the writer, which were illus trated by specimens, were (l)that man's original dentition included six incisors in either jaw (2) thst two from each jaw bare gradually disappeared and (3) that this loss is due to the contraction of the anterior part of the palate (4) that this process of contraction will probably go on snd result in the loss of two further incisors stxl that the conical shapo of many of the supernumersry teeth indicates a reversion to the primitive trpe of tooth. A discussion ensued in which Prof essor Haddon, Professor Howes, and others took 'part. Piwrr vion D'Aect Tiiomfsok read a paper on "The Nervous System of llriias and Petromyxoa, and the other pspers were oi professional rather than general interest. Economic Science and Statistics. Mr.

Biddulnh Martin presided over this section. whoso timo was fully taken up with the reading of throe papers and tho discussion which followed. Tho section met at 10, and tho largo Board room of the parish offices, in which tho members assembled was crowded from tho beginning to the end of tho discussion. Working Man's Co operative Organizations in Great Britain was the subject of tbe first paper by Mr. A.

H. DYEX ACLAXD, M.P., which dealt, not with so called Civil Service co operative societies, nor directly with the ques tion of industrial partnerships, but discussed how far the development of the working men's co operative organiza tions, especially during the last 20 years, threw light on (1) the possibility of the accumulation of large sums of capital by working men (2) the possibility of the successful utilization of such capital by working men ia industrial enterprise (3) the improvement of the position of the worker, or the lessening of the antagonism of em ployer and employed in consequence of such sucresstul utilization o( capital, air. Acland said that the main source of savinz is to be found in the co operative stores or distributive societies, which do a business of eonsider has to be practically applied in the art of government ng to the complexity of the ends at wbteb government dcs only owina te tha eotaniexitT has to aim. and to the fact that actual human abstract tbe more direct business of economic theory to analyze and systematize, since the reasons for them apply to the state at things assumed for purposes of abstract reasoning, no leas than to tbe actual facta of existing societies. In class (a) may be distinguished (1) governmental interference to regulate the education or employment of chillren (2) interference for tbe promotion of health, or morality, or culture (3) interfrrenee, not with a view to the more economical Production oi wiia a view to its more equitable distribution this is often spoken of as socialistic or "semi socialistic''): (4) interference on the ground that certain industrial cissies are found by experience not to take sufficient care of their private economic interests (this is sometimes spoken of ss" paternal" legislation restrictions on freedom of contract between landlord ami tenant.

Tbe same phrase is also applied to (2), As leading eases of class may he noted (lj where, for the production of a certain utility or avoilance of detriment, a combination is required of which the vslue largely depends on its universality e.g., jtfotectiou of lands against Hoods, protection of useful animals sgainst certain diseases (2) especially where the' eombiutiun of a large majority increases tbe interest that the minority have standing aloof t.g., abstinence from certain times, places, or instruments in fishing or bunting for the sake of future supply (3) where a branch of industry, for technical or other reasons, has a tendency to fall under the conditions of monopoly (total or partial) t.g., cotision of gas in towns 14) where, from the nature of the required utility, its producers could not be remunerated adequately in the ordinary way by free exchange of their commodity t.g., utility of lorests in relation to climate, scientific discoveries (5) where the process of exchange which would be required to remunerate a certain social service would seriously detract from its utility, from waste of time or otherwise t.g., provision of roads and bridges (t) where Government is peculiarly adapted to produce the kind of utility required i r.jr., if what is required is security, ss in the ease of savings banks uniformity, stability of value, as in the case of currency. It is not argued that Government necesaarily.ought to interfere in all eases that come under these headings; only that the general economic argument for laitur fairt falls away in such cases, wholly or to a great extent, or is talanced by strictly economic considerations, on the other side and that it ia important to bear this in mind in discussing any particular practical case. A brief discussion followed. The Eakl of Oxstow, in discussing the question of allotments, said It is unfortunate that this subject should have formed matter for political controversy, and it is astonishing how littlo appears to be known on the subject by thoau who are not directly connected with and interested in the land. It is unnecessary to dwell at any length on the advantages accruing to labourers from the occupation of a small plot of ground, as all interested in the question admit this.

The supply of land for such purposes appears to be greatly regulated by the demand. In the north, whore wages are high, it may be said almost not to exist, while in the purely agricultural counties the practice prevails extensively. Tbe Voluntary Allotments Association, of which I am hon. secretary, has publicly announced its desire to be informed of any unsatisfied demand which may exist, but even including the application of a gentleman who offers to chsnge his opinions from those of a Home liuler to a Tory if the association will send him three acres of pasture by parcel post these applications may be. counted on one's fingers.

Even where land is let on lease and. therefore, possession to be obtained only with diffi culty, the local committees of the association pect at Michaelmas next in most case to be able to satisfy the demand. The points chiefly in dispute are (1) whether there is a sufficient supply of land for allotments, 12) what ia the size of allotment which a labourer ran cultivate without interference with his regular wage earning hours, and (8) what should be the rent and condition of tenancy. On the first point the recently issued Government return shows that allotments have ia creased from In 173 to 311,458 in 1 while the number of labourers has only increased from 76418 to 706,712. If to these we add the potato grounds, row runs, and cottage gardens oi over one eighth acre, we find that there are no less than "08.722 plots of land cultivatM by labourers, which, if held each by aepsv nte men, viuutu icaveomy urt.uuu jauouriTs unproviueu.

in Wiltshire allotments ezeced the number of labourers by 400. Arranging tbe counties in order (1) of labouring population, (2) of number of allotments, (3) of number of cottage gardens we find that the ptovision is nearly, though not quite, adequate lor instance, ounois is uitn.Dom in labourers and allotments and fourth in cottage gardens. Lincoln is first in tiopuLition. and though, only tenth in allotments, is second only to Norfolk in cottace gardens. Wilts, which comes onlv tenth in labourers, is first in allotments but Kent shows a bad record.

Coming second in population, it is twenty sixth in allotments and only eighteenth in cottage gardens. As to the size of the allotment, all parties agree with Mr. Arch that it should be in accordance with the ability to stock and cultivate it. The real point to bear in mind is to endeavour to give the labourer an opportunity to rise from his position to something a little above that, as is done lyLord Norton, Lord Ilenniker, and Mr Goring, who endeavour to give the industrious labourer a means oi adding some other employment to that of a day labourer, ami finally to become a small farmer. As to rent, tho proper charge appears to be that which the land would fetch if lot for other purposes and it must be borne in mind that to rent must be added all outgoings and also cost of collection, though as compared witb land 1st in farms there are no buildings to be built or kept in "repair.

Another important point ia td afford security to the tenant that he will neither be capriciously evicted nor evicted at all without adequate and complete compensation, so that every inducement may ue onrred to tbe occupier to bestow his money and labour on the allotment. What is still sadly lacking in this country is an aduquato suptdr of milk or young cniiurcn. loe in oris oi pnuantnropists mignt with great advantage be devoted to promotinc this con summation. Nothing tends to attach a man so deeply to his country as an interest in the soil of his country, ami it snouhi tm tne object oi tne statesman and pbilantbropist alike to do all in their power to give the cultivator of the soil a personal and pecuniary interest in it. TheltEV.

II. SOLLY said that no permanent improvement in our agricultural population could bo effected unless in giving them tho chance of acquiring small portions of land proper precautions were observed so as to insure the land being used to the best advantage. It was desirable that the labourers occupying such allotments should also hare some nandicralt to supplement the produce of tbe land. Tho Rev. W.

TrcKWXio. gave his experience, as country parson, of the benefit of allotments. In spite of the bishop (laughter), he had contrived to let 200 acres of neglected glebe in allotments to 72 agrieulturral labourers wub tbe happiest results, lie also advocated tbe growing of fiai, tobacco, and other crops hitherto not cultivated in this country. Kir Walter Foster thought that voluntaryeffort had been much stimulated by the establishment of the Allotment and Hmall Holdings Association. Ilut he could not agree with Lord Onslow that there was no difficulty in labourers obtaining allotments from their landlords.

In many cases with which he was acquainted every possible difficulty was thrown in the wsy. Ilut the fact was thst tbe question would never be satisfactorily settled without the principle of compulsion. Tbe discussion was continued by the Key. J.M.Kiows, ATT A IX WlLson, and others. Mechamcal Sciknob.

Sir Jamos Douglas was in the chain Mr. lULFU HeaTu.v read ajap prepared by Mr. James Robertson, engineer, of Glasgow, on Tbe Manufacture of Metal Tubes." The main object of the iper. ho said, was to describu a process for Disking metal tubes, in which a principle or law relating to the fnctional surface contact of solid bodies beiDg moved over each other was employed. It had been in use in several of the' larger tubti manufactories in this country for making iron and steel welded tubes, and with considerable advantage over processes for the same purpute previously in use for about six years.

More recently it had been introduced and adapted in the works of Messrs. KaJnh Heaton and ttons. of llirmingbam, in the tnanufacturu of seamless copper tubes, to bich It applied with still greater advantage. Tbe principle employed was what tbe inventor (Mr. Kobertson) called the cross surface motion frictional con tact of solid bodies," by which the ordinary resistance to motion of solid bodies in contact being moved over each other in one direction can be greatly reduced.

jur. 11. uolkoyp SMITU followed with a paper on The Blackpool Electrical Tramway," which was of a very abstruse ami tecnnicai cnaracter. Mr. 1ULPW1K Latham.

M.lnst.CE.. then read paper on Automatic Stcwago umping," in which he shortly described a method of transmitting power from a central point, and using such power as a convenient mode for automatically raising sewage in any district. Two machines were placed vertically in one chamber, and so arranged by means of floats that when one machine was overpowered by the volume of sewage the second machine would come into action, iiv tnis method power could be transmitted more economically than by any other mode at prcseat in use. Mr. W.

H. Till read a paper on the Birmingham District Drainage Board." The Board, he said, was formed in 1877 Provisional Order under the powers of tne i usue ueaitn Act, is0, tne object being to unite certain of tbe various local authorities of Birmingham and its immediate neiehbourhnod for the purpose of sewase disposal, and to afford facilities to such authorities for the interception of sewage from the streams of the district and the conveyance of such sewsge to outfall works. This dis trict, which comprises the borough of Birmingham and ten eued the economic exception, to kisser s. Political I 5 puaof unwaS. TcoaOOoTand ably over 20,000,000 a year.

Any one may join the society on depositing one shilling. I be ordinary prices oi tbe district are charred. Iteadv monev uavment onlv is allowed. The profits of the business are allotted to members ia proportion to their purchases, quarterly or half yearly. The sums so allotted must remain in the society till a share of 1 has been made up.

Tbe result is a gradual saving of capital, till there ia often much more than can be em in the business difficult with many societies is too much capital, not too little. The increase of business of these societies betwovn 1805 and 188. was from about three" millions per annum to over 20 millions per annum. At the present time from three to four millions a year of productive or manufacturing business. on a large or small scale, is carried on, the capital of which comes mainly from the distributive or retail societies.

There are several forms of this (1) manufacturing by the wnolesale societies ot rjigland and Gotland annually, about 200,000 (2) tailoring, dressmaking, corn milling, baking, by distributive stores, 2,000,000 (3) manufacturing by independent societies unconnecpwl with the wholesale societies or distributive stores, 1,500,000. The two wholesale societies are the property of the retail stores, which have created them for their own convenience for the supply of articles direct to their shops from Eng land and abroad. The English wholesale society (liko the retail societies) has had to refuse capital which its members (that is, the retail stores) would willingly have deposited with it. It has adhered mainly to the work of merchant, and has dose comparatively littlo in the way of manufacturing. ISome of the large stores hare erected large corn mills and large batteries, and many societies employ tailors, dressmakers, and tbe like, and some are now beginning to rent farms.

In the large stores there is a great demand for milk, butter, and agricultural produce. Next he would give details of the productive societies' business, position, profits, and various methods of working. The Manchester l'rinting Society does 35,000 a year the If obden bridge Fustian Company, 20, ISA) a year. Both these give the workers a share of the profits. Co operation is sometimes denned as being only truly so called when the worker has a share in tbe profits.

This limitation it not adopted here. The Scottish wholesale gives a share to workers, the English holesale does not. Some of the distributive societies give a share to workers, the great majority do not. The independent productive societies do so in most cases. If the influence of these societies during the last 40 years were removed, England would be very different from what it is.

In Warwickshire, e.g., there is a village in which a society has been established, managed by labourers, with 700 members, and doing a business of 18,000 a year, of which nearly 2,000 a year is saved, and owning freehold land and buildings (including 20 cottages), worth nearly 4,000. Industrially, he concluded, co operationoperation has more influnee than is perceived. It is a great educator to the working classes in the methods ot working capital. It trains many able men, and laliour becomes less and less looked upon as a commodity only. Much of the best side of human nature is called out in this associated work.

It is tho devcopment of this throughout business life, without impairing efficiencyand promptitude in management, which is needed. The capacity which has been developed by the movement was dormant and unsuspected 40 years ago. Pr oriseoR Biwjwice said that there were two applications of the principle of co operation first, to secondly to production. Productive co operation had been but little tried, whereas immense results had followed from co operative trading. It was a difficult question how far they should allow these societies to manage their own affairs and how far the assistance of philanthropic capitalists should be afforded in giving them a gsod start.

PSOFESSOR MCXKOI spoke of the position and progress of co operation in Lancashire jand attributed to its influence the fact that Socialism could obtain no footing in tbe county. The reason why the Lancashire workmen were so much less influenced by Socialistic baching than their brethren in London was that the former were generally capitalists in some form, either through the co operative or the building societies. Among the developments of the co operative movement in the County Palatine was the in stitution of a series of lectures by capable men from Oxford and elsewhere. Mr. Evans, of Leicester, who spoke as a working man, said he had been delegated to represent the Co operative Congress Board at this discussion.

lie remarked that if there waa one thing more than another which would insure the stability of the throne it waa the promotion and en couragemeut of working men's co operative societies. It was a remarkable thing to how great an extent the progress of co operation coincided with the decline of the influence' of Socialistic teaching. Describing the objects and position of the Leicester Industrial Co operative Society, he said the last balance sheet showed that they had at the bank a balance to their favour of 23,000. Tbey were paying their members per cent, on thst capital, and as tho bank only paid them 2 lucent, that process required some amount of economy. (Laughter.) Their turnover per quarter averaged 40,000, and of course to make such a large undertaking successful tho most careful and systematic management was necessary.

In connexion with the society Saturday evening entertainments had betti instituted, and these were very successful and he believed did much good in keeping working mcnaway from those "pests, tbe music halls and publichouaes. They had also established two scholarships for the children, members and others, to compete for. The Key. II. Solly thought the secret of success in these concerns was discovering: working men who had taloots for administration, and intrusting them with capital.

Mr. Fellows, of Wolverhampton, pointed ont that the principle of co operation was first adopted and put Into practice in Birmingham by the founding of the Freehold Building Society, at the instigation of Mr. Taylor. The principle which was successful here soon spread throurh ont the country. The societies, it is true, were first started with a political object to enable persons to qualify for the 40a.

franchise, so that they might vote for the Liberals in the counties. (Laughter.) Of course, there were no pontics in in em now. Mr. Botlet said that all that was reauired for the first development of co operation was that the people should be educated to understand its principles. Mr.

Drxs AcxaKi briefly replied. Pkotessob. Bilowick, in an elaborate paper, dis economy, ha sa as commonly understood, includes a general argument showing how wealth tends to be pro duced most amply aad economically in a society in which Grrernmnt confines itself to tha protection of person and property and tha enforcement of contracts not brought about by force or fraud, leaving individuals free to produce and transfer to others whatever utilities they choose on any terms that may be freely arranged. The argument is. briefly, that ia a society so constituted the regard for self interest on the rsut of ermsnmstri will 1at In tK" ffcetnal emaad of tha things that are meat useful, and regard er on tne pan oi proaneert wlil lead to tbetr prodaetioss at tha least cost.

It Is, howerer.BOW generally held that tha broad rule of leave alone "to which this argument points must in vsmetiea ha limited nrlnn. erpUcs The aim of the praeeot paper is to distinguish clearly batweaa two different classes of these azcitiont to laxturfatn VIS fa) those axeantiani whieii Jto tha limitations uadec whiah abatraat eeoskomia thaory waa governed by a Board of 21 members, selected by the various constituent authorities. In Accordance with the Provisional Order, the Board acouired from tbe corpora tion of Birmingham the sewage works at Saltley, consisting of 263 acres of land, aad the extensive system of tanks, plant, stock, fcc. aad these works being situated at the natural outlet for about nine tenths of the total population of the drainage districts, arrangements were made as soon as the Drainage Board came into existence for placing the districts of the various constituent authorities ia communication with the outfall works so acquired. The principle of purification now adopted waa partial precipitation in tanks with subsequent irrigation.

The volume of dry weather sewage was about 16.000,000 gallons per day, about 13 tons of lime were used per day for neutralizing the acids contained ia tha sewam and assisting mHnlt tion. and last year 133,476 cubic yards of mud were arrested in the tanks and dug into the land. The Board itself farmed the land. Mangolds, swedes, kohl rabL rra anas. aad market gaadffl produce an the jnncipsi stops grown nnder sewsge tbe production and sale of milk also an important item of the I arming operations.

In tho nwonins' TVcfosanr W. O. Roberta A listen. of the Mint and the School of Mines, delirered In the Town Hall, to a large audience of the working classes, a lecture on the Colours of Metals and Alloys." Sir W. Dawson, C3I.G., President of the Association, occupied the chair.

PsorrjexiB RoBERTS ArsTDr stated thst under the title of tbe lecture be ia tended to include the consideration of the principal facts connected with the colours of metals aad alloys whether natural to them or produced by metallurgical art. as well as a brief examination of the kind of influence which the. colours of metals appear to have exerted on the history of chemical science. With reference to the recognition of colours of metals by the ancients. he referred to tbe view expressed some years ago by Mr.

Isladstoue that the starting point is absolute blindness to colour in tbe primitive man, and he urged that, if this be true, it is strange that in the metal work or fabrics ot savage nations tne arrangement of sucii colours aa tbey could obtain should be so thoroughly understood and tbe colours themselves so discriminatingly employed. Allusion was then made to tbe ancient belief that the seven metals known to the early chemists were seially connected, as regards colour, with the seven principal planets, to the persistence with which this belief survivedjuvi to the fact that ir Isaac Newton did not escape the charge of leaning towards mysticism when he stated that seven colours resulted from the decomposition of light by the prum. in relation to the influence ot tbe colour of meuis cn the history of science, it was pointed out that from the third to the seventeenth cent uryt he colour of gold appeared to haunt mn.and induced tbe alchemists to make the strangest sacrifices, even of life itself, in the attempt to produce it. ibe alcbemtstf were sustamed by tbe Knowledge tbat tbe colour of metals could be destroyed by small traces of impurity, ami an appeal was made to the argument of even the sceptical chemist. Kobert Boyle, in the 17th century that transmutation of base to precious metals is possible, because he destroyed the colour of gold and believed that he had degraded gold to a base metal by tbe aildition of a small quantity of tbe substance "given him by a stranger," it being," as Boyle said, no small thing to have removed the bounds which nature has industriously set to the alteration of things.

In illustration of the apparent degradation of gold by the presence of a small quantity of certain otner metals be bail melted JM sovereigns, added a tiny shot of lead, and proved that the bar into which the metal was cast was very brittle and entirely dillerent in colour from the original gold. The depend ence oi tne colours ot metals on tbeir pby sical state ot aggregation was then illustrated by some beautiful experiments with leaf gold and with Faraday's finely di videi goal oi bright ruby colour. The lecturer then passed to the effect of colour produced by alloying metals by melting them together. He incidently said that be had many inducements, to speak about brass in particular he would have liked to dwell upon the beauty of such work as that of the great craftsman (William Austen) who, in 1400, made the magnificent monument in brass to ltiehard lleauchamp. Earl of Warwick, and he was glad to remember that the first tatnt for the manufacture of bi ass in England hal been granted to W.

Ilumphrie, an Assay Master of the Mint, and a predecessor in the office be himself was privileged to hold, but he did not, be said.intend to say much in Birmingham of the coloured alloy of zinc and copper, which was its staple industry. His object waa to claim the attention of the metal workers of Birmingham to the coloured alloys of copper with which they were less familiar, and he referred at length to tbe alloys which had been used for centuries by Japanese art metai workers, tne images oi beautiful specimens ii whose handicraft were projected on a screen Special reference was made to a large plaque of Pier inlaid with foliage, which in colour suggested the glories of a Cana dian autumn, and it was stated that the addition of small quantities of gold, antimony, and cobalt to. metallic copper enabled the Jaiiauese to secure each beautiful shade of colour of purple, golden brownsnd reds for which their art metal work is so remarkable. In illustration of tbe effect of various pickling solutions on copper, Pro! essor liolK rts Austen had himself prepared a trophy It. bigb.ot richly coloured" leaves.

Attention was teen directed to the singular banded alloy known as Moku me, the manufacture of which, now almost abandoned by the Japanese, he said he was snxious to be introduced into this country, and he projected on the screen the image of a dagger hut of old Japanese native workmanship, in which us four deforce, the artist had reproduced the purple and brown markings of a scarlet runner bean. A brief reference was made to the fact that the eleetro metallugist has at command in the power of being able to deposit coloured alloys an equivalent of the varied palette of the decorator, and it was incidentally stated that one firm deposited annually sixtonsof silver in thin films which, if continuous, would, it had been calculated, cover an area of 140 acres. The specimens of coloured alloysdeposited by Messrs. Ellington, were eihibitcd. Professor Kolx rts Ausun then showed experimentally, by projection on the screen, the formation of coloured films by heating lead in air he claimed that the formation of a coloured calx of lead by heating the metal in air had been more fruquectly appealed to in support of various sets of views than any other fart in the history of science, from the time of (ieber in the eighth century to that of Priestley iL the eighteenth.This beautiful experiment was of special interest to Birmingham because performed in a rougher way.it had directly led Priestley to tho discovery of oxygen and bad removed his doubts as to the aerial source of the oxygen he obtained from other substances.

The lecturer concluded with a fine sentence from Mr. Ruskins Modern Paintei as to tbe right enjoyment of colour, and with a plea for tbe more careful study and extended adoption ot coloured metals and alloys in objects intended for dsily use, and for the restricted employment of gold and silver to the legitimate purpose oi runcning metallic ornaments, rrolessor Jlobcrts Austen was loudll cheered on resuming his seat, and the tfroccedings terminated with a vote of thanks for his lecture. Sermons wore preached in many of the churches yesterday" both of the Establishment and of the lloman Catholic and dissenting bodies referring to the mvotiogs of the association. Tho Bishop of Worcester preached in St. Martin's in the morning to a largo congregation.

The Bishop of Bedford preached at St. James's, Eilgbaston, in the morning and at St. George's, Edgbaston, in tho evening, and a largo congregation listened to Canon Tristram at St. Philip's. Dr.

Dale delivered an elaborate discourso to a numerous audienco in Carr's Iane Chapel. and won the seat and paid the expenses, just as be foaght sod woo and fought and lost county Donegal at formes elections. I recognize the great assistance the Patriotie Union rendered ia scarry places, but it is only fair tbat tbe facts aa tbey existed In regard to South Derry should be accurately stated. I deplore the want of aa Irian Liberal Union, for such a union would do good service ia support of the unity of lae fcxnpire among a large class ot people who are Liberals and strong Unionists. Tours obediently.

JOHN C. WHITE, Belfast, Klectioa Agent for sir. jaea, aui The I HIS II LOYAL and PATRIOTIC UNION. THE CHARGE OF ATTEMPTED POISONING. TO THE EDITOB OF THE TIMES.

Sir, Inyour articleon the Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union, which appeared in The Times of Monday, the 30th you ssk if the executivo of the Loyal and Patriotie Union, without relaxing their general vigilance, should not consider whether a systematic attempt might not be made to shake the power of Mr. Parnell with the Irish masses," and you ssy that you consider the organization of such labour would be fitly undertaken by the Irish Loyal and Patriotic Now, Sir, while it is absolutely true that the Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union is in no sense a landlords' or party organization," and that it comprises among its members and hardest workers men drawn from all social classes and of all shades of political and religions opinion, whose one object is the maintenance of the supremacy of the Imperial Parliament and the legislative Union between firca Britain and Ireland, it is, unfortunately, equally true that the demoralization of the Irish masses by political agitators and adventurers is at present so complete that, outside Ulster.teaching emanating from a party of law and order such as the Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union would be viewed, to say the least of it, with great suspicion. Ui less, I fear; would be the voices of the charmers, charmed they never so wisely. The dazzling object dangled before the eyes of the Irish fanner for the last few years namely, his farm rent free or nextdoorto rent free has so numbed his moral vision that he is incapable for the moment of distinguishing the outline of any other object. Home Rule or measures of local government, could he but free himself from a lurking fear that they may bring with them increased taxation, arc to him matters of supreme indifference.

As a rule he understands very little as to what these terms convey, and in a majority of eases they are, I suspect, looked upon as a certain something that will, when farms shall be' rent free, reward tbe honourable gentlemen who, by a system of obstruction in Parliament and terror, ism in Ireland, hare already secured for the Irish farmer such considerable gains st the expense of others. The very rato Wttrt of the I rish Loy al and Patriotie Union must condemn its utterances in the eyes of men who have been taught to believe that the ultimate realization, of their dishonest aspirations is inseparably bound up with the existence of a combination for the destruction of which the Patriotio Union lives, and moves, and has its being. No, Sir I fear, until law and order and principles of common honesty have been re established in this country by continuity of firm, unswerving, and distinetlyim partial government, the direct influence of organizations sueh as the Irish Loyal and Patriotie Union upon the Irish masses can be bnt small. I am. Sir, jour obedient servant, Colehrooke, Sept.

3. VICTOB BOOSE. TO THE EDITOB OF THE TIMES. Sir, In The Timet of the 30th ult. there sppeared aa article in which the following: two sentences occurred As regards Irish candidates, the Loyal and Patriotic Union preferred to concentrate their energies upon 'constituencies where there was either chance of immediate success or a minority sufficiently enthusiastic to deserve support, leaving constituencies proved to be dominated by intimidation and apathy to take their chance.

Upon this principle grants were made to mttft la 10 constituencies, and it La probable that but for the energy and funds of the UnSET Mr. Healy and Mr. O'Brien would not have been ejpelled from South Deny aad Booth Tyrone." These statements so far as South Derry is concerned are wholly inaccurate. The Irish Loyal and Patriotie Uaion did not appear oa the scene ia South Derry during tbe contest, nor was It represented by any agent. It JrilHttazth zttflnej ao othet aid.

Mr. Law fought At the Worship street poUce court on Saturday John Reynolds, 29, barman, was charged on remand with having feloniously administered or caused to be administered to Nirah Ann Reynolds, his wife, a certain irritant poison ij sulphate of copper with intent to kill' and murder her. Tbe case for the prosecution was continued. Mr. Sim, from the office of the Solicitor to the Treasury, prosecuted and Mr.

Purcell, barrister, defended the prisoner. Edward Pass more, a potman, of White Lion street. Islington, said that he was formerly employed at the Lucas Anns publichouse, Gray's inn Raad, where the prisoner was also employed. There was another barman, named Stapleton. in the house.

Both men slept in a front room up stairs. Witness had only been in that room once. when cleaning the windows. He remembered the Wed nesday the prisoner had his holiday. On the day before that witness went to him in the bar for a penny to get oxalic acid to clean the brass work.

The prisoner told him get two pennyworth, and gave him the money. Then he said, Get me a pennyworth of Milestone," and gave him another penny. Witness went to Mr. Devjes's. ehfmist, in GrayVinn road, and purchased the articles.

He thought the bluestone was weighed for him. It was handed to him, in a paper on which the chemist wrote something. (Mr. Sim put in' a paper labelled Bluestone Witness added that he saw the staff put into the paper. It was lumpy and in three or four pieces.

He gave the packet just as it was to the prisoner on re. turning to the publichouse, and the prisoner put it into his pocket. He did not give him the oxalic acid but used it for the bar work. He remembered the prisoner's arrest on the Friday afterwards. Cross examined by Mr.

Purcell, the witness said it was usual in publichouses for a book to be kept in which entries were made of money paid out of tbe bar tills. Oxalic acid was commonly used for brass work, but witness bail never known of blue stone being used in publichouses. He told the chemist from whom be had come, and asked him what bluestone waa for. The chemist told him for several things." Falmnnd Reid. Police Inspector, Division, said that on Friday, August 0, he received certain information from the Sisoner's wife, and in consequence of which be went to a r.

Notcutt. chemist, of Aldenham road, Mile end, and received from him a cup with some contents. Then, in consequence of what he was told by Mr. Notcutt, he went to the Lucas Arms, Gray's inn road, and saw the prisoner there. He told him he waa a police officer and should take him into custody for attempting to kill bis wife.

The prisoner replied I don't know what you mean." Witness said You are accused of putting some blue stone into a cup in which was spruce and peppermint." He replied I don't know what bluestone is. He took him into the bar parlour and handed him over to Police constable Williamson, and JTOeeeded to the prisoner's bed room, being taken there by the other barman, Stapleton. There was a chest of drawers in the room and Stapleton took out the clothes of the prisoner, and parked them up. In the top drawer but one witness saw as the clothes were taken out a small pile of money and in the corner some trung blue in a paper. itnees bad all tbe clothes packed up in a box, leaving the money and paper in the drawer.

Then with Stapleton he went down, taking the box'to the prisoner, to whom he said I have found 9s. 2.d. belonging to you in the drawer." He said "There is 1S. in the drawer also." Witness said If so. come and fetch it." and accompanied by the prisooer.be returned upstairs.

Witness said Which is your drawer," and tha prisoner pointing to the one in which the money was, said That." Witness said Very well, take it, and the prisoner opened the drawer and took out IKs. in gold and surer, and waa then shutting up the drawer when witness said Stop, what is that in the paper in the corner." The prisoner replied I don't know." Witness opened the drawer and took out tho paper, then said to the prisoner This is the very stun you are charged with putting into a cup for your wife. The jisoner said I don't know anything of it. I never saw it before." Witness took him downstairs again and asked the landlord if he knew, anything of tbe poison in the paper. He also aalud Stapleton the same question.

When the charge was read to the prisoner at the station, he said "Ism innocent of the crime. Witness found a letter on the prisoner, being that spoken to by the witness Ship last week. Witness subsequently obtained a sample of the spruce and reorrrmint from tha landlord, Gooding, of the Horn of Plenty publichouse, aiue enu, wnerr, it may be remembered, it was purcbased for the prisoner's wife by the witness Parker. He took the sample to Mr. Notcutt, chemist, and it was examined by him and then sealed up.

These articles and the teacup which Lad contained the poison were produced. Cross examined by Mr. Purcell, the witness said that he first saw Mr. Price, landlord of the Lneas Arms, and Staple ton was called in after witness had handed the prisoner to the constable. Witness told the prisoner that he should search his room.

He did not ask the prisoner to go with him, and tbe prisoner made no objection to the scare a. lue bine stun in tbe paper was exposed, tbe paper being broken. Witness had not taken the clothes out of the drawer, but stapleton had one or two articles oniy son witness mougni ne baa not seen ttejwper. When he took the prisoner up and asked him Which is your drawer," he asked that because he wanted to find tbe bluestone in bis presence. Mr.

Pureeli. You wanted him to make evidence against him. lf. Witness. I do not understand you.

Mr. Purcell. Ton wanted him to make evidence. Witness. No, I wanted to find the bluestone in his tuesence, itness added that he did not know it was the prisoner's drawer.

Stapleton hail not told him it was only showed him by the action of taking out the things. He did not suppose Stapleton nai told bim a lie. lie made notes of what the prisoner had said to him relating to the charge, but not everything that was said. Mr. William Brighty Notcutt, chemist and druggist, 33, Aldenham road, Mile end, deposed that on Thursday, Aug.

19, at about .9 30 a.m., he sai Mrs. Reynolds in his shop, and she produced to him the tea cup in court, and complained of being unwell. Witness examined, the cup, in which he found about two tablcspoonfuls of a thick liquid, and adhering to the sides of the cup were some sugar crystals and a blue crystal. Tbe latter was blue stone," which wss the common name for sulphate of copper. Witness put some in his mouth and was satisfied that it was bluestone.

It made his tongue rough. He divided the contents of the cup into three parts, and subjected one part to six different tests. From that he found sulphate of copper in solution. Bluestone would dissolve in hot wat T. It was a common article of sale, about three ounces being sold for an ounce, chemists weight, being about drachms.

There were two sorts, a finer sort being the sulphate of copper, usually sold at about Id. an ounce. One drachm would cause death, if retained. The three crystals in the cup weighed nearly two drachms. Mrs.

Reynolds afterwards produced to him a bottle smelling of spruce. (The bottles containing the various articles were produced, and identified by the witness.) Two other bottles containing spruce and peppermint were handed to him by Inspector Keid. Sulphate of copper caused vomiting and a burning pain in the stomach. Cross exsjnined, the witness said bluestone was used for various purposes wheat dressing, veterinary practice, ic. He wss not aware if it was used in brewing for assisting in the fermentation of beer.

He should say sulphate of copper was not an abortive. It wss not used for abortion purposes. Taylor's book on poisons was aa authority, and witness was acquainted with it. Pills (of eochia were sometimes made of aloes and colocynth. If Taylor said that sulphate of copper was aa abortive he disagreed with him.

Ue also disagreed that pills made of aloes and colocynth were an abortive. He could tabt give an authority st the moment for saying that one drachm of sulphate of copper if retained would cause death. The first effect of taking it was sickness, which would remove the poison from the stomach but not the effect. Witness had had 12 years' experience and was tolerably well acquainted with the action of sulphate of copper; Blue stone was sot a scheduled poison and so was freely sold. Percy Stapleton, barman at the Lucas Arms, GrayV inn road.

said that the prisoner had been employed there before him. They occupied the same room, but different beds. Each had his own separate chest of drawers. He (witness) accompanied the inspector to the bed room and collected the prisoner's clothes from his drawers, the inspector putting tnem into a box. vt itness did not see any money in the drawers.

Afterwards ha waa asked if he knew anything about the bluestone, and stated that he au not. Cross examined, the witness said be went on tntha detective and collected the clothes. Witness looked In all tne drawers, but saw no money. The drawers had no locks. When he went downstairsbe was near enough to hear what was said, as he was close to the inspector, but wss sent to get change.

He was called in anin and aaked about the bluestone. He was not asked by the 'inspector George Gooding, of tha Horn of Plentr. nish Mile end, deposed to selling the witness Parker half a quartern of spruce and peppermint, and subsequently be supplied a sample of the same to Inspector Reid. Tbe spruce snd peppermint were kept ia separate small casks in the bar and were always oa sale. His customers had not complained that the mixture disagreed with This dosed tbo case for the proarculionrid the prisoner, who reserved his defence, was fully committed fog trial at tne central criminal tjourt, bail being reluaed.

TUB INLAND TRADE. OF BXTBMAS. A Blue book has just been leaned from the flam saesrt Preas at Rangoon emialniag 'a 'report oa then land trade of Barman foe the. year UBB flrL. eaJlW attention to the serious iaterfenaee to trade hroufibt about by the expedition ensdertakass agsdas4Xbif Tbabaw ka November last snd the subsequent unsettled state of ths country beyond the eld frontier, the report ssnfiaseesj snai saeregvatrasawiea sraae ssss umuu earnea 00 stwOmsaoes the year at tha same frontier stations that sxlstadbefora tha annexation of Ara, and that it ia proposed to sonn April 1 arrangements hare been made for kerning sa' account of the merchandise conveyed to and from Bhaau by the steamers of tha Irrawaddy flotilla Company, aadb the course of time registering stations wul be evened ow tha various routes lending to Western Chiaa.

tha xkT States, and elsewhere. naa It appears that the total value of the trade ttmlrr mij i was pj.4Jli3LW9, against IUJJUOC ia lXUSa. iZ Ra.4.4fi.72: ia 18N144. The imports ia thowthn. years were valued at KsUTjofi, BsiJXaSl aad RsXOf3aWS respectively, while tht ah were of the value of E.1M7JS3, VUZV If i and RaA30.8I.lW.

Aa elaborate aoaJyriTal tarai values is given, showing exactly bow they wen distributed over the various river and road routes, as well as a table containing the quantity aaj value of tbe teak timber trade with Meulmein each of the last six years. Ia connexion with the latter trade it is noted that, while there was an increase in quantity in the aggregate ia the year of the report then was a heavy decline ia value owing to tbe deprawd state of tbe timber markets ia England aad India. The bulk of the rathe on tbe Irrswaildy is conveyed by steamers and fiats, snd the tonnage carried daring IKiCVM amounted to while in the previous year 10a, Can) tons of goods were carried up and down, the falling ctf hi 1S5 being attributed to the fart tbat for eight weeks no merchaniise was carried up or down. The trade oa the Sittang consists to a great extent of timber floated down from tbe Ningyaa forests, and in this trade them appears to have been a large increase in value lAt jt over the previous year. Ail the imports and exports tne the year are minutely classified in the report and carefully compared with tbe previous years, aad it appears that while there has been a considerable decrease ia ecttoui grxxU.

due mainly," in the words of the report, to tha isct thst the trada in Burmese rjseee roods ia rmnUn declining, ami will yet be entirely driven from the market by the European manufactures, there has been a very satisfactory increase in the quantity of wheat. Most of the other articles dealtltwita show a similar flnctoatioa. Appendices are attached to the report containing detailed statements of the Quantities and values of the remriral articles of merchandise imported aad exported during the MR. SEXTON ON RIOTS IN. BELFAST.

TO THE EDITOR OF THB TIMES. Sir, The Protestants of Belfast desire nothing but a fair presentation of their esse to the people of Great Britain. It is welL perhaps, that Mr. Sexton offered Lis imperfect and partisan version of our local history to the House of Commons on Wednesday night. The inference may fairly be that Mr.

Sexton has but small confidence ia the case of his co religionists here, when he felt it necessary to forestall the commission of inquiry aad to prejudice, if possible, tbe public mind before a competent tribunal bad arrived at judgment in the ease. The Protestant party has not been blameless, and I hare as strongly denounced their misdeeds to the very face of the turbulent actors ss I have ever exposed the preposterous designs of Messrs. Parnell, Sexton, aad Co. This one thing, nowever, cast be easily established, that for the last 40 years no disturb ance waa originated ia Belfast by the Protestant party. Mr.

Sexton's clients are adepts ia conspiracy, can concoct any amount of evil doing, aad can doit, under the guise of an innocence that would deceive, if it were possible, the very elect. Mr. Sexton raked up the events of Ajs. 1857, snd proposed, of coarse, to give a full aad accurate version of tbe disturbances of that year. But he did not inform lbs Ifouse of Commons that those disturbances originated ia a most intolerant attack by the Sextonitea of tbat day oa certain excellent men who sought by a system street preaching to promote the moral and religious improremeal of the masses of the population.

Those gentlemen were really obliged, through the violence of Mr. Sexton's mob sxd the weakness of the magistracy, to desist from their benevolent work. At that juncture others took it up. Oa September 1 1 was conducting a service on tbe one side of a spacious square ton's clients organized st a distance of a quarter of a mile and armed with formidable weapons marched deliberately to attack my open air congregation, and did so in the most violent manner. The attack did not sneceed.

I declined to accept the will of Mr. Sexton's as the measure of my liberty sad from that day to this 00 one has been molested on the position I then oa cupied, and there has been no event in my life tbat I regard with greater satisfaction. Mr. Sexton referred to the riots of AJ. 18U.

pathetically bewailed the sufferings of certain Romas Catholic navvies who were driven oa to tha slob land is the harbour, and were shot at by the ialsndmen Botha did not inform the House that those same navvies, retarn in from a religious service oa the August 15, invaded a Protestant district, made a savage attack oa a school ia the district, particularly on the "infant department, and thus by their most unmanly conduct kindled against themselves the indignation of every right minded man ia Belfast. As in most eases of the kind, such miscreants earap the penalties of the law, so did these. Tbe island men' then undertook police duty and punished the offenders. Such was tha origin of the tragic occurrence described by Mr. Sexton, in which the saintly navvies are represented as suffering without a cause at the hands of wicked persecution I The proximate cause of therecentriotiwassomewhatsimi lar.

The Roman Catholie navvies engaged at the Alexandra Bock were the originators. A Protestant labourer that found employment thereat was Informed that no Protestaat there would be allowed to earn a loaf of Tbe poor man was also set upon by Mr. Sexton's model Harries and was violently driven from the work. The police failed to bring the assaulting navvies to justice. Thereupon the rivet boys made a demonstration against the prtdigU of Mr.

Sex tod to chasten the bigotry by which their cota jatriot had suffered. If the coming inquiry took ia the past 40 years of our history, we would prove that us every instance Reman Catholics have been the aggressors when the publie peace was disturbed. I offer this challenge to Mr. Sexton let him nominate a certain number of respectable Roman Catholics, and we will meet them by an equal number of Protestants to investigate and report en the averment I now make, that whatever may have been the faults of the Protestant party, tha blame of originating disturbances lies at the door of Mr. Sexton and his friends.

Mr. Sexton denounces aa an infamous aad despirahle lie the statement that, in anticipation of a Home Sale Government in Ireland the property of Protestants had been balloted for by ignorant dupes of the runell agitation. Mr. Sexton should know that tbe statement went the rounds of the provincial Press, was a matter of pa Mia notoriety, and wss extensively believed. I had private communications oa tbe subject to the same effect, aad felt myself warranted to refer to it in discussing the pro bable future of Ireland under a Home Bale Government.

And the allegation is certainly not disproved by the rage it has excited in the breast of Mr. Sexton. Ia dealing with the delusive hopes of the ParncHites, I did not think that a little good hnmoured ridicule would be so railing. But Mr. Sexton has taken the matter so deeply to beart tbsl 1 am almost persuaded to think that there was at much truth in the rumour aa I originally believed.

Of "the two clerical firebrands" that troublaair. Sexton so greatly one, the Rev. Dr. Kane, is from home. Were he here he might answer for himself.

But he has gone with another deputy from the Loyal Anii neprai Union of Ulster to organixa the loyal sentiment of Canada against the Parnell sedition. He will also dispel the dera siens in the United States that have replenished the exchequer of a mendicant patriotism. The loyal men of Ulster will maintain their full Uaini as British citizens and will not transfer any part of their allegiance to an uncrowned kins in Ireland. Tbe sooner the other provinces recognize this fart, fall into line with Ulster, snd study the things that make for peace and prosperity, tha betterit willbe for themselves. If the Irish Cicero would transfer his wilderness of words to some other market than that of Irish agitation he would confer a substantial benefit apoo Lis country.

The sad experience of the past three months in Belfast may convince the British people thst the removal of Imperial control would be the ruin of Ireland. Sincerely yours, H. HAN2U, DJX St. Enoch's, Belfast, Sept. Allzozd MtTEDXiu Blackburn waa the scene of a most brutal murder oa Saturday night, aad the murderer nas so iar eiuaea tne ponce, reter Corrigbaa.

47, a weaver, went home oa Saturday sight about 9 o'cloekaad knocked his wife about ia a shameful manner. Ha went out into a neighbouring publie house, where he got drunk. Returning home after closing time he again most brutally kicked the poor woman, iiis daughter, who had been out, went home aad saw her father standing at tbe bottom of the stairs. Ha made bar go to bed. 7 e'eloek yesterday morning aha came downstairs, aad saw her mother sitting ia a chair.

Thinking she was ask an she went to wake her. but found she was dead. The floor was aowmed with blood. The police were iaf armed of the oecorrenee, and tbe body was removed to the poWes zsortunry. Corrighaa was wearing clogs at tne time, aaa tto zanrattea JsnaMjonebztuLSlsdy Ths Himxxj Wirxrw.

Mr. W.W.ITanter, C.SJ.. C.I.E., member of the Viceroy's Legislative Council and author of the 44 Imperial Gazetteer of India has written saartiele on "The Uinda Child Widow," which will appear in the October number of the JjMH QrtV Boat Accxsarr car thm Wtxs. On Satardsy aa inquest was held at Fleetwood oa the body of Ik1 Emily Nicholson, a pupil teacher of Preston, to was drowned at Fleetwood by the upsetting of boat. Xbo deceased, two sisters, and three male friends ware owl is tbe river, the stream running rapidly at tha tissa, the boat cam fat sudden contact with a hawser wbsea rsaia.

a Isjt steamer. The ersit instantly eapsised and all the ocaupaaU ware pitched into the water. Ihsrw watsaesh citing and psjnfal struggle and the deeeased sad her ssrter sank and were drcrnei Tho rest of the eeewpaats nacxtsd. one being ia a very exhausted ccaon. ane Jury returned a verdict of "aVccadental The bodr VasfouadtawtUnawtwond hxfltsbio to awmed,.