The Indianapolis Journal from Indianapolis, Indiana • 6

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, SUNDAY, MARCH 29, 1891. i .1 THE PETERSBURG CKATEE A Graphic Description of the Greatest Siht in the War for the Union. 3. Catcfceon Describes the Assault After the Explosion of the Mine Interesting Personal ani Historical Incidents. JLmo J.

Cummin la New Pan. Vcrero sitting in easy chairs upon tha veranda of the little hotel at West Point. It "was a -warm night in June. A group of army officers were exchanging reminiscences of the war. Among them were old yoI-rnteer oCiccrs who had achieved fame, if not fortune.

As midnight approached a gentleman with an iron-gray beard, deep-set eyes, and bulging perceptive faculties began to detail his experiences at Petersburg. He wore a slouch hat and a plain dark suit ot clothes. He was Gen. Byron 1L Cutcheon, of Michigan, chairman of the military committee of the Houso of Representatives and a member of the board or Tir.tors. In a modest yet vivid way Retold the story of the explosion of the mine at Petersburg.

His comrades leaned forward and listened 'with breathless interest. Months have passed since I heard it, yet memory recalls it as readily a.3 if it had leen told yesterday. "The Ninth Corps rejoined the Army of the Potomac just before the fight at General Cutcheon began. 'I was wounded in that fight and was sent to a hospital. I was not able to rejoin my command until July 5.

I was colonel of the Twentieth Michigan Volunteers. I found thy regiment in front of It occupied what was known as the Horseshoe. It was a placo where our vorkfl made a salient to the enemy's line. "Ve were placed ou the cork of the shoe, right in front of Battery Morton. This was a bixteen-gnn battery, and the heaviest of our line.

Oar rifle-pits were ou the side of hill, facing tho enemy's line. A lfttle stream ran between our breast-works and the battery. A part of our division wa3 the Forty-eighth New York, commanded by Colonel Pleasants. It was made up almost exclusively of miners from the anthracite-coul region. Our division got the position on the 17ih and liSth of June, after a very Bevere struggle.

It quickly occurred to Colonel Pleasants that be could run a sap, or iiiiui, from inside our works down by this little stream along the hill, and under tho rebel fort that occupied the salient of the enemy's line. Ho laid the plan beforo General Bur aside. Bumside gave his approval. "Pleasants went to work with his Penn-prlvania miners. The formation was heavy led clay.

The sappers worked with pick cud shovel. They carried the earth out of the works in cracker-boxes. It was deposited down in a little hollow on the bank of tho stream out of sight of the enemy. The work went on till about the 21th or 25th of July, when it was announced that the xuino was completed. PREPARING FOR THE ASSAULT.

'According to 'my recollection, the sap Tan somewhat more than 200 yards and ended under tho fort. There was a cross-sap, I think, about fifty feet each way, from tho central sap, in the form of a Roman cross. The magazines were placed at the angles of the cross and in the center. Powder was carried in in sacks And emptied into large wooden boxes like hoppers. Then a fuso was laid connecting the arms of the cross with the center, and back through the sap.

The sap was then filled with sandbags, laid close together. About fi vo thousand pounds of powder were placed in the mints. It was carried in at night. "Our brigade was to form a part of the assaulting column. Onthe28th of July it vras withdrawn, so that our position might lie occupied by fresh troops.

Ours was Humphrey's Michigan Brigade. It took in thn First Sharp-shooiers, the Seccnd Infantry and the Twentieth Infantry. In pdditiou, there was the Pony-sixth. New 1nrkand the Fiftieth Pennsylvania. "On the 2Sth.

as I said, we were withdrawn from the line and moved back to the rear, behind the woods, to get a little rest before the assault. On the night of the Luth, before dark, we were moved further back to the plain, near a house at our division headquarters. There we lay awaiting orders, understanding that we were to form a part of the assaulting column. Almost everybody on our side knew of this movement. Tho rebels knew of it, also.

They had sunk a counter-mine, but did not etrike the right place for a discovery. We were ordered to lie down. ,1 remember well not long afterward of hearing some homesick soldier singing: Just before battle, mother, then I'm think- in? moat of you, "While upon the Held I'm with the enemy in view. "Along toward the break of day our cooks were ordered to go to the rear and make colics. Before the first light of day they came back with the kettles.

Hot coflee was served, and the re was th-3 crunching of bard-tack. Then wo "were ordered to move forward as quietly as possible. We followed the troops in front of us down into the covered way, or which was a great ditch, full ten feet wide and six feet deep. It led to our breastworks. As we it picks and spades were given to a detail from each regiment.

They were to be used for opening our own breastworks, affording a passage for artiilery, and to make a way to the enemy's lines. Our breastworks were of earth, about ten feet high, capped with sand-bags. The pioneers were oideredto be in front, and everything was in readiness. riiUNO THE MIXE. "The orders were that the mine should be ilred at the break of day.

When we got down to the zig-zag or covered way, near the little brook, we were ordered to halt and await the explosion. We waited very impatiently. The daylight broadened. Still thero was no explosion. A little later wo saw the men in the rebel fort beginning tr get up and novo around the battery.

We folt that the mine had failed. We afterward learned that the fuse was lighted at the set time. It burned for a while and then went oat. Colonel Pleasants waited for a long time. Then he culled fcr voluneers to go into the ruins and find out where the trouble was.

A lieutenant aud a sergeant, whose names I have forgotten, volunteered to go in. They found tho break. They laid fresh powder in the train, relighted the fuse, and came cut. had been standing in tho covered way, keeping my eje upon the fort which I knew was to be blown up. After getting tired of clinging to the side of the embankment I stepped Gown for a moment to rest myself.

I climbed up again just in time to se the greatest sight of the war. 1 was looking directly at tho fort I saw an upheaval of the earth. It seemed to bulge toward the sky. Then a seam opened and a tongue of flame shot into the air a hundred feet or more. Then the earth Bcnuied to reopen, aud a great fountain of rod clay was thrown into the sky.

I call it a fountain. The clay was arched like a fountain. Out of it an immense billow of white smoke rolled. And through it all we could the fragments of the timber of the revetments, the plank of the platforms muskets, men and limbs of men whirling through the air, in an iiumenso confused mass. Then the great curtain of emoka closed over them, and all disappeared.

The earth trembled so that men who had climbed up the breastworks to be the explosion were thrown back by the shock. That sight of tho earth rising, that tongue of fiame shooting upward, that fountain of red cl.iv. and the great white cloud of smoke will remain asapioturein xuy tniud as long as 1 live. When the smoke rolled away there was a hillock of red clay. It wc the debris of the fort.

"On the instant the command. was given. Ledley's division, then the First division of our corps, was in the van. It won the advance Dy lot. General liurn-ide had planned that the colored troops hoatd form the assaulting column.

They Dtten drilled for it for weeks. But Uen. Iczdo was afraid to pat them In ront i hev never ba been in any severe battle. i3 thought that if, for any reason, they fail, the failure would bo attributed him. Ho told Burnside he might select 7 cf hi thre divisions, commanded by ncor ana rotter.

Une ox the serious charges afterward brongnt against Bumside was that he allowed bis division commanders to draw lots. The lot fell to Ledley. Either of the other divisions were undoubtedly better qualified in troops and ofiicers for the assault CHARGING THE WORKS. "Ledley's troops went in good style across the field and into the crater of the mine; but there they lost their formation. They were broken np in the rained breastworks, covered ways and general debris.

They remained there in confusion. Ledley himself never weut out of our breastworks. I know that, of my own knowledge. General Wilcox and General Potter were over in Battery Morton watching tho movements. Bumside kept sending word to Ledley to push out, push out Ledley sent the orders to his colonels, but they never pushed out Then Potterasked permission to pat his men in.

He received it They went in fine style. They took the rebel breastworks, held them, and sent back quite a number of prisoners. "Then the colored division was put in. It was commanded by Gen. Ed ward Ferrero, of New York.

It was formed almost entirely of resiments that had never been under lire. The oibcers were a little fearful of their conduct, and did not attempt to put them in line. Thoy sent them out from our breastworks and across tho miue Hank. Tfcfy afraid they would share tho Hfiine fate as Ledley's division. TIih leading colored brigade was commanded by Colonel Siegfried, of Pennsylvania.

I knew only one of tho commanding othcers. I remember him very well. He was Col. O. Jb Stearns, a college mate of mine at Ann Arbor, and afterward, for a time, United States Senator from Minnesota.

I shall never forget the picture that he made from where I stood, with my brigade on the left. He stood on the very top of our breastworks, his hat in one hand, his sword in the other, cheering his black boys as they went in. They went out of tbelrown works into the rebel works, through the entanglement of tho miue into the open field Then they formed into Hue of battle and advanced. It is to be said to their honor that the colored troops went further np the slope than any ether troops that day. "Immediately after the colored troops, onr brigade was ordered up.

We wore commanded by Col. William Humphrey. The First Sharpshooters had tho riant of tho bricade. Then came the Second Michigan Infantry and my regiment, the Twentieth Michigan, and to our left tho Forty-sixth New York, a German regiment We were to go in line and throw ouselves upon the curtain between tho mined fort and the Suffolk road fort, while Ine Forty-Sixth New York was to charge upon a square work in their front and take it We had crossed only the broastwork and were disengaging ourselves from the body in front when we got a blast of canister from this square fort on our left which tho Forty-sixth New York was to carry. They never even charged it They never got to it Tho charge of canister went through my lines and cut a broad swath.

It struck us diagonally. We gathered up, however, and went forward across the field. Wo took a breastwork in the front of our line. We made those in the works prisoners and sent them to the rear. It was a hot fight.

There was a chevoux do frise. 'The abattis was made of sharpened branches of oak. We had. to either 'throw it open or climb over it. It had been pretty well destroyed by our fire in the morning.

We bad only got into position when an officer, who was making his way through the abattis, was struck in the side by a bullet from his own line. He futched over and lay to the right of me as ong as I stayed there. He sufi'ered very much. I remember that a lieutenant of my regiment cut alemon in two aud gave him half of it to slake his thirst I think he died there. INSIDE THE BREASTWORKS.

"We got into the rebel breastworks. We soon found we were enfiladed. So we got out and lay down on the outside. General Ilartranft was already in the mined fort He sent word to me, 'Tell Colonel Cutcheon to move his regiment into the "There was ono gun and one platform in the fort that escaped the explosion. So I moved my men near them.

The first men I saw were the colored troops coming back. They had got stampeded and were pouring into the crater. One regiment had only one officer left The colored troops stood without breaking till they had lost very heavily, but when they broke they came pell-mell. I saw so mo colored men there acting as gallantly as any men I ever saw. I saw colored corporals and sergeants put their bayonets to the breasts of their men to stop them, but it was no use.

They would come back. "The robels had rallied, and wero ready to rotake the forts. They wero charging down upon us. We had dug out some of the guns that had been buried. We had opened the buried magazine.

We bad detailed a squad from a Michigan regiment which had ucen assigned to artillery work. They, had mounted and charged these pieces. When the rebels came on they found themselves confronted by their own guns. We repulsed their charge easily, and waited to see what more would come. We expected that the Fifth Corps on our left would bo ordered to go in, but they were not There seemed to be no further movement Along toward noon another charge was made and was also repulsed.

We repulsed this second charge without much difficulty. "Then we had a conference. There wero Geueral Ilartranft, General Griffin and myself. As far as 1 know we were the rauking officers there. We were in the crater.

Meantime, General Ilartranft had received a dispatch from General Bnrnside. directed to the ranking officerin the crater. It told us that General Grant had directed a suspension of the attack, and ordered him to withdraw his troops in his own discretion, as he might think best. The conference was as to whether we should withdraw then, or should hold the position till wo were forced to retire, or could retire under cover of "Meantime General Lee was calling in his forces and massing them against us. We were without ammunition.

Many of our men had fired their last cartridge. Gen. Ilartranft asked me if I would go back to our works and see General Wilcox and ascertain whether I could get ammunition for our small arms. Now and then a squad of our men would try to run back to our main lines. Two out of three of them would be shot I made ready for the passage.

I unhooked my sword from my belt, tied it fast to my haud and started. I think I never went through such a hail in my life. The distance was full 250 yards. But I reached tho mainTine all right. I found Colonel Seigfried.

the ranking officer, and was told that Genoral Bumside and Gen. Wilcox were over at Battery Morton. Col. Seigfried said he would send one of his stall' officers to find them. I told him what we wanted.

We wanted to stay in the crater until dark and wo wanted ammunition to hold it WHY THE ASSAULT FAILED. "I sat down in a bomb-proof to await his answer. Just then I heard a yell. It was followed by the rattle of musketry and the' roar of artillery np at the front And then all at once our guns opened all along the line. I knew there had been a charge.

I could hear the rebel yelL I looked over tho breast-works, and saw our men coming back on the run from the crater. Tney had no ammunition with which to hold it. and the only thing they could do was to evacuate it. Among the foremost I discovered General Ilartranft, making long steps. I often laughed with him aboutit afterward.

He rather nagged me on the long step I had made when 1 came back, and 1 told him 1 didn't think I could beat him. The men came back in a confused mass negroes and whites all mixed np. "Tho great attack on Petersburg was over. Wo had lost about four thousand men of the Ninth Army Corps in killed, wounded and missing, without auy compensating advantage whatever. 1 think it was the gloomiest day I ever saw in tho Army ot the Potomac.

My own regimeut that night mnstered just eighty-one men. My opinion is that the movement might havo been mado a success. If the attack bad been made as Burnsido planned it, with the colored division in the assaulting column, and had it moved out in column aud broken immediately for tho crest, supported on tho right and left by two white divisions, and followed by a third as a reserve, we conld have gone over the crest. Then the Fifth and Eigteenth Corps upon tho right and left might have moved out. and betore the enemy could have rallied we might havo hnd possession of the entire crest.

We could have had at least a milo of their works. The first mistake was in changing Burcsido's plan of assault by withdrawing the colored division. The second was in allowing tho generals of the three divisions to draw lots to see which should bad. General Bumside should have assumed the responsibility of ordering his best division and his best commaudet to lead the assault These mistakes were aided by the failure of the fuse in the mine and the delay of tho explosion. These gave time for tho enemy to become awakened, so the surprise was not so complete as it wonld otherwise have been.

It most nave been 7 a. m. when the fort was blown into the air. At any rate the sun was well risen." DAILY WEATHER BCIXETIN. Local Forecast.

For Indianaoolis and Vicinity For tho twenty-four hours endin 8 p. March 28 Slightly warmer, cloudy weather. GENERAL. INDICATION'S. Washington, March 23.

Forecast till 8 p. m. Sunday: For Ohio and Indiana Fain slightly warmer: northeant winds. For Illinois Fair; no change in temperature; east winds. Observations at Indianapolis.

Indianapolis. March 28. lime, liar, liter. 11.11. Wind.

V.euiher. fVe. p. MMHMW MMMMMOT WWaMMW I I MMOTM mm 7a.m. 29.90 38 North.

Cloudy. 0.01 7 p.m. 30.00 41 76 N'eaat. Cloudy. 0.00 Maximum temperature, 43; minimum temper ature 37.

Following Is a comparative statement of the temperature and precipitation on March 23: Tern. rre. Normal- 45 0.12 Mean 40 0.01 Departure from normal a o.ll Excess or deficiency since March 1. 138 Excels or deficiency since Jan. 152 2.02 Plus.

General Weather condition. Saturday. March 23. 7 r. nr.

Pressure. A low barometrio area central over Colorado Saturday morning moved south and is central in Western Texas at night; low pressure continues on the Atlantic coast; a high area is central north from Lake Superior; another on tho northern Pacific coast Temperature. Forty degrees and below is reported from northern Colorado, northern Kansas, Iowa, northern Michigan and the lower lakes northward; 50 and below from southern Colorado, southern Kansas, southern Missouri and southern Tennessee southward: txp and abovo from Indian Territory and Arkansas southward and along the eastern gulf coast; 70 and abovo in Texas. Precipitation. Snow and rain fell in Montana.

Wyoming, Colorado, Nebraska, western Dakota and in Pennsylvania. llow Louisa Got Her Shoes, Dallas News. The revival meeting at tho First Methodist Church, yesterday aftornoon, was called a want meeting, and was conducted by Abe Mulkey. The preacher said in tho course of his talk: "My wifo's shoes were worn out, and sho said: 'Abe, I ought to have some shoes; I am ashamed of my feet' 1 answered: 'Louisa, yon shall have them I hadn't a cent, but I crawled up in the stable loft and said: 'Oh, Lord, Louisa needs some shoes: please give them to her. Don't yon know you said.

"Seek first the kingdom of God and all things shall bo added." Now, Lord, we have sought; please give Louisa some shoes.1 I went out on the street and met Del Richardson, and ho said: 'Why, hello, Abe, I've got religion sixteen ouuees to the And 1 eaid: 'Thank God, Del, 1 have got it thirty-six inches to the yard and 100 cents to the dollar.1 He said: Abe, when you were in the grocery business I left owing you I whispered: 'Thank God He continued: But I ain't got a cent' I sorter swunk np. I eaid: 'Del. what have you He said, A bully crop of wheat I asked. 'Will you give me a mortgage on He 6aid, We walked up to the lawyer's office and fixed ud the capers. Then I stepped into C.

D. Pickett's aud said: C. what is that lie answered, 'One hundred cents on the I said, 'Give me some shoes for Did you ever noticehow a fellow will march home about Christmas with tho strings of a pair of shoes hanging over his finger! They are for his wife, about number lives. That's the way I went, and Louisa hasn't been out of shoes since. Ask lor what you want" Mothers as Match-Makers.

Amelia XL Barr, in Ladies' Home Journal. Thero is a kind of match-making which it is a mother's duty to attempt But it has strict limitations. It resolves itself into the simple duty of introducing to her daughter young men whoso moral 'character is good, who are in a position to marry, and who, physically, are not likely to repel her. The young people may then safely be left to their own instincts. There should be do attempt to coerce; do moral force used to make even a suitable marriage; though extremities may lawfully be used to prevent an evil marriage.

A mother's match-making really begins' while her daughter's education is in progress. And it is one of the strangest of facts, that mothers generally force this education in the direction of those qualities likely to Amuse young men music, dancing, singing, dressing, playing games, chaffing wittily, etc Now such attractions are likely to procure plenty of lilrtation; but young men rarely many the girls they llirt with. And why do not mothers consider, most of all, that approaching period in their daughters' lives when they will or ought to ceaSe being made love tof Why should the preparation for young ladyhood absorb all the girl's education! How many curric-ulums contain any arrangement for education for wifehood or parenthood! Yet, what man wishes to pass his life with a woman whose only charm is the power to amuse him! He might as wisely dine overy day upon candy sugar. One of Boston's Wonders. New York Tribune.

Says a society woman of Boston: "Mrs. Jack Gardner is one of the seven wonders of Boston. There is nobody like her in any city in this country. She is a millionaire Bohemienne. She is eccentric, and she has the couraae of her eccentricity.

She is the leader of the smart set, but she often leads where none dare follow. She is thirty-five, plain aud but has the handsomest neck, shoulders and arms in all Boston. She imitates nobody; everything she docs is novel and original. Sho is as brilliant as her own diamonds, aud as attractive. Some one has well put it: All Boston is divided into two parts, of which ono follows science and the other Mrs.

Jack Gardner. She is a patron of art music and the drama; she is tho female Mrccenas of Boston. She 'brings out' geuinaes of all sorts. Poets, artists, Buddhist priests and Siberian political exiles she is their refuge and their strength. A French visitor in Boston, captivated and dazzled, said in the club-room: 'It is to me astonishing that you permit this most charming woman to remain a You see the joke of this is that there is in existence somewhere a Mr.

Jack Gardner who pays all the bills." Mystifying Explanation. New York Recorder. Those persons who are ignorant of the meaning of the terms used in describing the ringing of a yacht need be in ignorance no longer, A newly-established boating journal publishes a "yachting exercise for land-lubbers." The following is an extract: "Guys are bide supports for a boom; the jib-boom is supported sideways by jib-guys. In former days all standing rigging was set up with lanyards. The lanyard is a small rop rove through two dead-eyes, one dead-eye being made fast to the vessel or spar and the other to tho stay or shroud that is to be set up." Well Qualified.

Washington Post. "Are you good at figures!" eaid the man ager nf the hotel. "I have systematically trained myself for hotel accounts," replied tho applicant for a position. "How!" "I never studied anything but addition and multiplication." Wanted Nothing Wasted. Philadelphia Times.

"I thinkPm improvingevery day, George," said the young wife. "I'm glad of that What's your latest economy!" chided cook this morning when she took the boiled eggs out of the kettlo for throwing the egg sonp that was left in the sink." Artificial Ttrth Without a 1'Iate Or bridcre-work. A. J. srorris.

3Ci K. Washington opposite New York Store, Indianapolis. IRELAND AND THE IRISH. Mr. John O'Connell baa been sworn in as high sheriff for the County of Kerry.

Ho lives near Killarney. There are over 15,000 policemen in Ireland now. They are a semi-military body, armed with rifie and bayonet Miss Hosa Kavanagh, one of the most gifted of Ireland's daughters, is dead. She was related to Dr. Ungues, the Archbishop of New York.

Most of tho men at work on the railway being built from Galway to Clifden have struck for an advance of wages of from $3 per week to 3.75. There are now about ten thousand men employed upon the light railways that are being built by the government for the purpose of affording relief to the poor in Ireland. Miss Mary Quinn, a highly respectable' young lady, the daughter of an auctioneer in the town of Tipperary, has been sent to jail for ono month, her great crime being that she groaned the police. Mr. Smith Barry, whose wholesale evictions have been the cause of the building of New Tipperary, has become a supporter of Mr.

Parnell, because the latter is opposed by the priests of Ireland. The government is about to commence the planting of forest trees on some land they have purchased for the purpose in Connemara. It is proposed to plant the greater portion of the waste land that Ireland contains. Nearly every lenten pastoral issued by the Catholic bishops has contained a crashing denunciation, not only of Parnell, but of all who would persist in aiding and abetting him in bis ambition to still retain the leadership of the Irish party. The month of February was tho mildest that has been known in Ireland for over seventy years, and March so far has been the same.

The oldest inhabitants say they have never seen such fine weather during these months, which are, as a rule, cold and wet. It is not generally known that Ireland claims to have given birth to the first European discoverer of America. A Saint Brendan, who had spent seven years in sailing in tho western ocean. Is said to have visited the shores of America. He died in the year 577, A.

D. Mr. H. French Lynch, of Rockwell House, near Tuam. was married lately to a Mrs.

Hackett of Headford. She is the widow of a Mr. Hackett who was, until his doath, ono of the most extensive graziers iu the County of Galway. He left considerable property, both in land and livestock. A new labor organization has been started in Ireland.

It is named tho Irish Democratic Federation of Labor. A largely attended meeting took place on Sunday last, presided over by Kev. Father Breman, parish priest at Mouutroth, under its auspices. Michael Davitt and other prominent leaders were present The old Cathedral of Cloyne is about to be restored. Tho interior is most in need of repair.

It is well known that eomo beautiful workmanship iu stone carvings, remains concealed beueath the mortar that has been placed over them, during some alterations, including the closing np of the transept window, very many years ago. Postmasters in Ireland who require uniforms for their mail-carriers, telegraph operators, messengers, are supplied with a printed form, which they take to a local tailor, who will measure each one that is to be uniformed, the measurements to bo inserted in this form. The tailor is allowed 8 cents for each olbcial measured, aud he has to sign a receipt for each cents claimed. Big pas! The English people, particularly those of the wealthy class, are contributing liberally to the relief fund started by Mr. Balfour and the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

It sounds strange that Balfour, who was looked upon as an unscrupulous tyrant, whom the National press held up to the seoru of all Ireland, should nowi be looked upon as oue of Ireland's -greatest benefactors. Tho Dublin journal reports that the Catholio priests attached to ine different churches in the east part of London have for some time past been cimitating the Methodists and other sectsrby preaching at the street-corners. This is quite a now departure, and the results are said to be most gratifying. Men and women who never go near church are thus reached, and much good is expected to be done. Itmaynot be known manyjtoof the readers of the Journal why the shamrock is the national emblem of Ireland.

St. Patrick, when preaching Christianity to the Irish, could not get them to understand the mystery of the Holy Trinity. At last he plucked up a twig of shamrock, and, showing them the three leaves on the one stem, told tho assembled multitude that that was emblematical of tho three persons in one of the Holy Trinity. Though, the shamrock is a species of trefoil, it is unknown in any country exeept Ireland. The general election must take place next April, but, of course, Lord Salisbury car, if he wishes, dissolve Parliament at any, time prior to that date, or he might be defeated by the Liberals in some division in the House, which wonld force him to apoeal to the country.

Mr. Healy calculates that the Parnellites will hold only eight seats in tho new Parliament, while the McCarthyites will have seventy-three and the Unionists twenty-two. Preparations have already commenced for tho struggle. Any one desiring to make inquiries about friends of whom they have not heard for many vears may send a letter to the Freeman's Journal, Dublin, Ireland, giving the names ot the missing friends or relatives, and a notice will be inserted in its columns in accordance with the request contained in the letter. Such notices are copied by many journals in nearly every country in the world where tho Freeman's Journal circulates.

No charge or fee is made for the insertion. Every week many answers are received, giving the required address, from all parts of the globe. It is said that the majority of the inhabitants of the Islaud of Achill are on -the brink of starvation. Those who had seed potatoes have been obliged to eat them, having no other food. Some public relief work has been given on tho island, but only to a few of tho people.

It is -only right to say that the report made public that tne members of the Irish police were allowed a dollar per diem extra pay while engaged in overlooking the men engaged on the government relief works is untrue. Mr. Balfour's private secretary has written to the Dublin journals, saying that this work was entirely voluntary and unpaid tor on the part of the police. A Dublin jonrnal shows that Mr. Parnell has received, during his nine years' reign as the uncrowned king of Ireland, no less a sum than $370,000 for his own private use aud benefit.

Mr. Justin McCarthy and his followers, who had consented to release the funds, which were kept in a Paris bank, that they might be devoted to the relief of the tenants, who were acting in conformity with the tactics of the plan of campaign, have had to suspend the disbursement for a time, owing to the discovery that the money was not applied for the purpose for which the funds were obtained, the poor tenants not getting what was intended for them. The Dublin Gazette, the official organ of the government, has published a notice from the Colonial flic a. warning all intending emigrants to Brazil that the climate and conditions of life and labor in the northern parts of Braiil are wholly un- suited to British emigrants, whether agriculturists, artisans or domestic servants. Intending emigrants are strongly warned againat going to northern Brazil.

This warning may prevent some of the readers of the Journal from making the fatal mistake of selecting Brazil as their luturo home. The Germans are the only European people who have been able to succeed in Brazil as agricultural colonists, even under the mot fa- vomble auspices. American, British and French emigrants have gone to Brazil but all failed to establish themselves, and after suffering the greatest distress and misery, mainly to be ascribed to the intense heat of the climate and the nnceasintr attacks, by night and day, of innumerable kinds of stinging insects, have had to be sent home by the consuls of their respective nations. A3 TO THIS EYES. Blindness on the Increase in the United States Precautions That Should Be Used.

Dr. GraenlDff. in The Epoch. The latest statistics show that blindness is on the increase in the United States. This increase in New York State is attributable to the failure of carrying out the law which requires midwives to report to the boards of health all cases of blennorrhea in new-born children.

In fact, the law is a dead letter, wbich is a great pity, because in the asylums for the blind there are more people who have become blind from having been neglected when infants than from any other cause. This purulent inflammation of the infant's eyes, which is so often neglected by the poor, is bad for everybody in tbe bouse, owing to its decidedly infectious character. Children should not be admitted to schools if they have any contagions disease of the eye, to detect which requires expert examination, for it cannot always be seen; for example, granular lids contain an infectious secretion. Just as children in the publio schools are required to show a certificate of vaccination before they can gain admission, so should children likewise be required to prove that the condition of their eyes is not such as to endanger the eyes of their little comrades, have already examined a whole school, and some children have been discharged on my recommendation, and obliged to absent themselves until cured. Most persons are bora far-sighted; some remain 60 throughout life, the sight of others becomes normal and still others become near-sighted.

Americans as a class are not so near-sighted as people of older civilizations. The Germans are the most near sighted people, probably because they study the most and with the poorest light. There at best very few normal eyes we are all of us generally either nearsighted or far-sighted. Color-blindness is at times congenital, in which case it is incurable; but color-blindness may be acquired later in life, and then it yields to treatment Statistics show that about 4 per cent of all meu are color-blind, but only 2 per cent of all women. Too great care cannot be exercised in the marino service and in the railroad service not to employ the color-blind, for their inability to distinguish green from red causes them to confound the danger signal with the safety signal, to the great danger of the traveling public.

The Ilapplness of Owning One's Ilouse. Harper's Bazr.r. It is interesting to see the great improvement that during the last few lustrums has taken place all over the country in domestic architecture How much a matter of course it has become for every family who, by earning and saving, can amass a sufficient sum to have a house of their own, paying thereafter no more rent, and enjoying the liberty of living whero they can do iuat as they please without reference to a landlord! Tho blessings that seem to be heaped upon a family who have a house of their own are found to be almost innumerable. There are no monthly or quarterly payments to be dreaded and met, and followed by the consciousness of the inevitable necessity of the next one. There is no landlord, either miserly, or merely desirous of receiving some reasonable return on his investment, to bo solicited in relation to repairs.

If ono thinks an alteration is improving, or conducive to greater comfort, and cau afford it, one can have it made at onco withoQt asking or haggling with any owner, or awaitiug his pleasure, or going without it; and where one never had the heart or the generosity, or felt able to be at tho expense for another's bene tit, one can plant vines, and fruit trees, aud flowers about the house, sure of being the only one to enjoy them, every year a shrub, a seed, a root, till by-and-by the place is embowered with beauty, as it never would be if landlord who feared for bis paint, and his clap-boards, aud his pocket had first to be consulted. The American Woman's Walk. New York Tribune. "No other women in the world can compare with American women." eaid a man who has been living abroad for several years, "in walking. The American woman walks by preference.

She seems to scorn a carriage. And how she walks! Her head is held up, her shoulders are thrown back and her step is firm and elastic. Is it any won dor that she has a fine and that her lips are fresh and her eye clear! In other countries women ride because they do not feel safo when they aro in the street Here they know that they have every man at their command if they need him. You find women in line after line thronging the streets where they go to do their shopping, or in Fifth or Madison avenues, when they are returning home. They may not know what a blessing their independence is to them, but their own beauty and the health and vigor of their children in after years are in a great measure due to this love of walking.

Save in England, perhaps, I have seen nothing like it, and in England the women do not walk as thoy do here. They are more deliberate and grave. The quickness, and strength and, fire, are missing. They soem more like machines. They walk for the sake of tradition, it seems to an American, but here our women walk be-cau Vhey like to walk." The Fay er weather Bequests.

Harper's "Weekly. There is one excellent method in tbe Fayerweather bequests as we understand them. It is that they are left without conditions. A grateful institution will often decide to attach the donor's name to the disposition that may be mado ot his beneiicence. It may found a professor's chair or a department in a library; it may build a gymnasium, or a laboratory, or a chapel and give to it his name.

But we believe there is no such requirement in the Fayerweather legacies, and "reason good," according to the old phrase. The college or other institution knows much better than any benefactor is likely to know how best to invest the money for its own benefit Any gift is welcome, but an unconditional gilt is doubly welcomo. Thenoble benevolence of Mr. -Fayerweather instantly places his name in the illustrious list of American worthies who have shown that they hold their wealth as a publio trust Signs of Spring. Harper's Young People.

If you road these learned maxims and take note of each small thing you may come to be a prophet and foretell the itladsomo spring. When trees begin to blossom and the violets to bloom; when the bullfrogs in the meadows warble boom-ah-boom-ah-boom; when ducks aro flying northward and bright butterflies are out. and robins go housekeeping in tho broken waterspout; when grasshoppers are hopping and black bats como out at night and venture in your bed-room, attracted by the light; when birds fly down the chimney, and bens walk in the door, and beetles hold conventions in the center of the floor; when the mud is oe'r your shoe-tops as you cross the new-plowed land yon may count on it as certain that sweet spring is near at hand. Time for Max O'llell to Revise His Book. New York Continent.

A son of General Alger, of Michigan, who Is making a trip around the world with a young companion from Detroit, in a recent letter from Paris, said that he had bad his feet frosted in one of the leading Paris ho. tela. He was there during the recent cold snap in Europe. Young Alger said that it was impossible to keep warm in the hotel; the open-grate fire which he kept burning in his room made no impression on the cola whatever. It was while sitting in his room, trying to keep warm, that his feet were frost-bitten.

And yet MaxO'Rell and other distinguished people would havo us believe that the hotels of Europe wero superior to those of this country. IUcipe to Become Wealthy. Boston nersld New York society is agitated over the question as to whether young Mr. Attor did the proper thing in protecting auainst tbe exorbitant charges in his hotel bill when he was in Florida on his wedding tour. The bill was a very stir! one.

and young Astor kicked. This is a privilege which belongs to every citizen, whether bo is a millionaire or not, and the millionaires usually do the hardest kicking. They wouldn't be millionaires if they didn't. A MI-CAREME CRONYD. Celebration of the Festival in Taris Tividlj Described by an Indiana Observer.

Bpeclal Correspondence of the Eunflay Journal. Paris, March 9. Mi-Carcmo was celebrated in an unusually brilliant way this year; in fact, it was more a carnival than the carnival itself. Tbe grand parade was advertised to leave the Placode la Concorde at half past 2, proceeding to the Placo de la Kepubliquo by way of the grand boulevards. As early as noon the crowds usual to fete days began to hurry towards the boulevards, everyone anxious to secure a good place along the line of march.

Cabs could not bo had for love, money nor chalk after 1 o'clock, and the busses were all hurrying along flying the expressive littlo sign "complet;" the omnibus stations wero thronged by people clamoring for "numbers." which were of little use when secured, as tbey ran well up in the hundreds, while the empty places in the busses, by the time they reached the middle stations of their run at least could be counted on one's fingers. Most of us finally found our way to the boulevards on foot, but ahead of those in cabs and busses detained by the crowds in the streets. I remember that I thought the boulevards were crowded on New Vears day; then when I saw them on Mardi Gras 1 knew it was not a crowd I had seen the previous time. ThoMi-Careme crowd deserves the name; it was New Year's aud Mardi Gras combined, with some thousands thrown in for good weight. The wide sidewalks were jammed with people, who remained pretty much in the same spot because it was impossible to move; the streets were almost as closely packed, and the only way a person could make any progress was to get behind a cab and follow in its wake or close to Its side, but as it was ono continuous line of cabs frequently stopping, the progress was slow.

1 was fortunate enough to be invited to a little "observation party," given in apartments with a balcony facing on the Boulevard Montmartre. From the balcony we looked down upon this mass Of people, broken only by the two lines of cabs, moving in opposite directions, and were highly entertained nntil tbe appearance of fro in mounted police and tbe music of a band announced tho approach of the parade, which was about as much behind time as parades usually are. It followed in the wake of the cabs, and as some of the great cars were wider, with their decoratious, than the cabs, there was some lively pushing back by the people in the front to keep from beiug run down. Tho chariots and the cars were magnificent, many of them, but the best OLes and those most cheered by the crowds were the ones of the employes of the lavoris or laundries of Paris. These wero of the most gorgeous description, and were filled with tho young women, in costume to match the surroundings.

The parade was headed by the splendid car of tbe Queen of the Queens, for each establishment had its queen, and as this very pretty young woman came along all seemed to. recognize her right to the throne. At any rate sho was heartily cheered. So the parado continned, with frequent stoppages, for some three hours, car after car and brass band after brass band. Many of tbe business houses were advertised by tine cars, setting forth the merits of their wares.

I noticed that a certain American dentifrice was about the best advertised article of the lot After tho parade had passed the crowd thinned out a little, leaving room for the maskers to circulate and enjoy tbe privileges of the day. They were very numerous and of all sorts, among them being the littlo children dressed as soldiers and tho like. Iraazino a little tot of four or five years resplendent in officer's full uniform. I saw in an open carriage three of the little folks dressed as a bridal party the bride, the groom and the brides-maid and they made a pretty picture, receiving hearty admiration on all sides. The privileges of the day are many, but no one thinks of abusing them.

A clown can climb up beside the driver of a cab, chango hats with him and get a laugh from the crowd, and.it is all right The maskers play their tricks upon eachtther in most cases, but some times they make a mistake, as follows: Tbe costume of a baker's boy is not uncommon. Soon after the parade gone by, a baker's boy started out to deliver some cakes, carrying them in the pan on his head. Some maskers thought he was "en costume," aud not really what his white cap and apron indicated. Acting on this supposition, tbey made a rnn on his cakes. Not until the little chap began to cry over his loss would they believe he was not a masked baker's boy.

As soon as they saw his tears, however, one of tbe cake-eaters started a collection and handed it over to the boy, who showed by his happy smile that he was not a loser in the least A nurse carried in her arms a baby very much veiled and bundled up. The crowd thought shu was not what she did appear, and the baby seemed to them a rag baby. So, before 6he knew it, the infant was snatched from hor arms by an individual in a costume which had two horns and a tail. The baby soon made itsolf heard and was restored, a little scared but safo, to the flustered nurse, the gentleman of horns and tail seeming very sorry for his mistake. Many of those in costume carried guitars and harps aud sang and played for the amusement of the crowds which soon gathered about them.

The celebrated boulevard cafes came in for a big day, every chair and every table being taken all day long. Many a "bock" was consumed, and many other drinks, too, but I did not see a single drunk person in all that crowd. Nor was there any roughness nor any disturbance, although the police were 6iraply swamped in that sea of people, unable to do anything had it been necessary. 4 6. B.

T. A Hint for Heading Clubs. Ladles' nonie Journal. Let each member write on a bit of paper what book be or she would like to read during the next week or two weeks, that is, between the lapses of the club meetinss. Then, when tho votes are all collected for these really are votes let the book that has the greatest number be the one that is read at home, and at the next meeting every member will come with a little notebook in which is written what the opinion of the book is, any little anecdote about the characters or tho place where the scene is laid, something that has been heard or read about the author, and a short personal opinion of the book as a specimen of good English, as to what its inflnonce would be on the average reader, and whether it is a book that might be called 'permanent or evanescent These written opinions should not occupy more than five minutes in reading, and yon will be surprised tofind what a fund of information is yours when the evening is over.

Christianity and Art. Hsrpcr's Bazar. The chief inspiration of the great painters has come from the Christian religion. The successive scenes in the life of its divine founder which are described in the Holy Book the babe in His mother's arms, the wise men visiting Him, the entry into Jerusalem, Christ with His disciples these have enlisted the most inspired enthusiasm of the Raphaels, the Miirillos. the Da Vincis, and have thus enkindled tho devotional ardor of successive generations of saints and martyrs.

If the world owed no other debt to the Christian religion than for the art which it has stimulated, this alone would have vindicated its right to be. Smart Mr. Stockton. Washington Letter. Mr.

Frank Stockton and his wife have set np a popular littlo establishment in Washington for tbe spring, having taken a hoube, and the vexations man who would'nt toll which came out first, the lady or the tiger, is forborne with to a remarkable degree, and actually Rets dinner invitations. One woman thought sho had circumvented the creature. She asked him to dinner and had the ices served in the form of a lady and the tiger. "Now," she said, triumphantly, "which!" Aud the old tautalizer said, boldly: "Both, it you please, ma'am." Mutations of Peffer's Name. BL Ixmls 6ir BsylngN.

Wrhen be was on the staff of theTopeka Capital he spelt his name Pfeiffer, as did his forefathers. When he assumed control of tho Kansas Farmer he dropped the and made it Pfeiler. and now he has been elected to the United States Senate he signs it Pefler and requests all correspond- enta to do likewise, if his political career continues to be a success and this dropping of letters contiunes, tho man who has been chosen to replace Ingalls will soon come to be known as Peil. Greatuess and eccentricity always did go hand in hand. 'V vY jr.

iJ A.U Is not an experiment it has tested and its enormous sale is due solely to its merit It is made on honor, and pood housekeepers say SANTA ClAUS SOAP Mis a necessity. Don't let your dealer give you some other kind, if he hasn't Santa Claus, but insist cn having only SANTA CLAUS SOAP. H. K. FAIRBANK Mfrs.

Chlcaro. IU. PUREST AND BEST LESS THAN HALF THE PRICE OF OTHER BRANDS 0 QUARTERS SOLD IN CANS ONLY 131 1 rillPPS-EllaDeth F. Phlpps. mnersl.

Monlav at 1 p. from her mother's residence. 1001 Wtsl Wsiliijigton sireet. WAUER-Anna, wife of Tler.ry J. Msner and daufrtter of Mrlalens Oahra.

March 27. at o'clock, a. ni atrM twtnty-ttiao jews. Funeral Morula March 3', at 2 o'clock p. from famU residence.

Ho. 4 1h Indiana avenue. rfjyERAL, XOTICK. WEHSTER-Funeral of O. a WcLsW.

will takoiIac, Monday. March 30, at i p. froia his late residence, 44tf North East street. SOCIKTY MEETINGS. ATTENTION, G.

A. ROBERT AN" dersoa Post and tleot IL Thomas Post, will Lold a Joiut meeting at the oat IlaU. corner or Delaware and Court Monday April 6. at 8 o'clock p. ro, lo celebrate the twentj-Cftb annlver.

sary of tle organization of the order, as this meet-login held by order ot the Commandr.ln-chlet, it la expected that every com rat! will cuke a special ef. rt to attend. The Relief Corps connects with the Voata, and te rarlous canij of of V- are alao oordially mTlted to me with n. The exercises are such that every olo will enoy tlmm. A.

CI1ARPIE, Comraander Major Robert Andron Tost, R. M. fcMOCK. Commander Geo. IL.

Thomas Post. CHURCH SERVICES. Conjregationxl. PLYMOUTH CHURCH. OSCAR a MrCUL.

loch, raiTilstr. Sunday morning: pa2ai Eaau-r services of Christening. Confirmation and Ortnmem-oratloxi. Musical numbers: Rarltone solo and chonxs. in Chrmt lilaen." K.

A. one; choru. t'hxiat Is Risen from the lt -id." Sunday ercnlnc. at 7:4.5, Illustrated service: Reading from Sir Edwm Arnold's uew poem. ih Light ot the orld," with the Hoftman pictures; numbers: Rirttone solo.

"I Hrd the Voice of Jesus ay; chorus and "The Lord ia Kinir;" tenor solo. "Christ is iisea To-day' Edward V. Emerson, of Col cord. of Ralph Waldo Emerson, will give a par. hit lecture under the auplceof Plymouth Inatiinte, Monday evening.

April 1 J- oa "The Life and Char, tor of Thorcau, with Rexninlaccnces ot Him Spiritualists. INDIANAP0LI8 ASSOCIATION Or BPIRITU alidta. Chapman Post Hall, hundar morning at 10:30, and Sunday evening at Atdrea hy Mrs. Dewoif and slate-writing. W.

r. ChUL hecretary. WANTED 3n CK LXANE US. ANTED NURSE. APPLY AT FIRST house east side of east drive of Woodruff 4 CENTS TOR THE REST DOOR TLATE mad.

Also white enamel letters for window sign; biff par. Tern: a free. Write at cnoe. WRIGHT MF'6. CO, 34 Park Row, New York.

Tfr ANTED POSITION AH BOOK-KEEPER OR i other rcspomible position, with reliable Una wantli. a go man and willing to pay reaoonabla salary; familiar with railroad work, good oont-i jKud-ec competent rill any of.ica position, twelve) years' experience; at present accountant for Urg western coal mining company; relereuce. Addrca J. care Journal oftice. TTTANTED AOENTa FOR TITS MXtfOIRSOF" if General hheruian.

written by himself and flu. i lshed by Hon. James G. Rlamn Price i. Canvas, ersoutot sent to any mi tres aametertaa an at New York.

Alo the Life ot General therr.tan. by Gen. Howard and Jotioaou; Intensely interesting; thoroughly authentic and splendidly Hius. traul; fiH pujces. low price, quick salt-s.

profits; now is the time to money; outtlt 'Z5c; complete books ready; send at once. JOHN BURNS ROOK Louis, Mo. FIRST-CLASH FURNISHED ROM8 TO LET; Reasonable price. North Illinois street. THREE UNFURNISHED ROOMS: NATURAL gas; pood sanitary condition; rritate, entrance.

No, 8 liikLaua avenuo. PART OP H0U8E UNFURNISHED: NATUR-al gas; well and cistern water: housekeeping; adults. 315 North Mississippi strt. a I-OWED PART HOUSE. WITH SERVANTS room, to gentleman nnd All modern conveniences.

References required. A. Jourual of fco. FOR SALE. TOTICE RUBRER COATrt AND CLO: 47 MASS.

AVE. '11 1:3 wringers repaired. T7OR 8ALE-RRICK RESIDENCE. CONTAIN-lug twelve rooms aud attic. Lot corner Pennsylvania and New York strata.

Address or apply to Room la, 00 East Market street FOR BALE DRY GOODS RURINESS A jcrty wishes to sell a half interest In an -)tab li-hod Lustntss In ore ef the best county -afata in Indiana. A goot opportunity for th r-ght party. Amount of stock, sbcut 1U.U0U Address L. 11. ti, care Indianapolis Journal.

ANN UN CEMENT. "VOTICE RURUER ROOTS PATCHED AND IN half soled. 47 Miss. AVE. "TT7RINKLES WITH ALMOND NUT CREAM you can positively rnt thT- away; tr.

tlculsrs i'C. MARY E. MURRAY. luM) Washing, ton lioulevand. Chicago.

III. Agents wanted. LOST. IOKT CIIATKLAIN RAO CONTAININO head purs and taoney. Finder will jleae leave at 1'J North l'cnusyivahla street.

FINANCIAL. -TOTXCE-OLD HI LIC If ATS CHANUKD IN I style and felt hata made good as new, by DEPU the liatler.47 Mas, aye. 'MONEY ON WATCHED, DIAMONDS, JEW. ill elry. without publicity.

CITY LOAN OFFICE. 11 West Washington street. NOTICE. On Monday, March SO. 5 S')l.

at 2 p. at the Cen-tral Police fiatlou, corner of Alauaiua and Pearl atreeta. I will sell a lutof uuclaUurU goo-m, wliuh have boon ou hand ovtr oue year, fir account of whom it may romvrn. Ry order of Derailment of Publle fsfety. THOS, F.

I ol.llKRr, 5-up I of Police. Indianapolis. March 1M1. The Weekly Journal, SI Per Annuni I I I i ill! 14.