The Evening Post from New York, New York • Page 2

wagon I containing the remains, were thrown into the embankment by the work mm. THE EVENING POST. SATURDAY EVENING, JULY 10. LAWYKRS' OFFICES TO LeVT. Otj- A Bomber of commodious and airy OFFICES to root, in th building No.

26 Pino street Inquir at the Evening roL Thb North EiiTrnw Boundary. Letters from Washington represent the controversy between this country and Great Britain, in regard to the bound ary between Maine and the British provinces, as now in a fair way to be satisfactorily The letters derive confirmation from other sources The Portland Argus, which may Lava derived its information from the Commissioners sent by Maine to the scat of government, says, in its Monday's sheet No settlement of any of the difficulties has yet been finally agreed upon but we have so doubt that preliminaries have been arranged, which, if carried into elUrct, will be satisfactory to Maine. The final result may not be known ahort of two or three months, but that it will be satis factory. wnen Known, we liave many reasons lor believing. In the Madisonian we find the following intimation We doubt not, from various indications, that our difficulties with England will be speedily settled that the negotiation will terminate one vt ay or the other in a few days and we hope it will be amicably." We publish the two lollowing articles, tho one from the American of last evening, and the other from the Journal of Commerce of this morning, for the purpose of correcting a mistake which we find in one of them: The Journal of Conmareo is defending tho President, and predicting for him, after next eleotion, a mora sohmis-aiva Congress, that will make hia lust two years as smooth esthe Grit two aro disturbed.

Wa lead at tba bottom of notice and advertisements from varum Department! at Washington, thaae word To he published in tUa New York Journal of Commerce and New York Possibly there mar bo some connection here between the praiae and the pudding." cw York And perhaps there msy be some connexion between tho unappeasable wrath of the American towards the present administration, and the unsuccessful elforts of its editor to obtain the New York Post Office. Certainly there must be some cause, ami a potent one, for the extraordinary chango which has taken place of lute in the character of the American formerly the most gentlemanly 1aper in the city, but now so low iu the scale of ilarkguardism, that it considered by many unlit to be admitted into their houses." Journal oj Commerce. The mistake to which we referred, is the admission of the Journal of Commcrte that the American was formerly the most gentlemanly paper in the city." This is a sad blunder. The most gentlemanly paper in the city is, and has been, the Evening Post. The American has not undergone WHich change, that we can perceive.

It has always had its ill-turns its accesses of unreasoning, and even brutal malignity, as well as its milder moods. Louisiana Election. The returns of the that have been received thus far, are only from tho city of New Orleans. In that city the vote for Covcrnor was as follows Johnson, (Whig.) Wh ig ajority 25 1 The whig ticket to the Legislature succeeded by an average majority of 200. The vote throughout the State, (except the city) continues three days.

At the presidential election in 1810, the vote in the city of New Orleans, was Whig 2,681 Democratic 1,7 IS Making together. Now the aggregato vote of the city is 2,205 not one half what it was in 15 10. The Whig vote in 1 10 was 4 "i more than both the Whig and Demo ratio vote at this election. This proves that there was great pipe-laying at the election in Is 10, or great apathy at the recent one. At Donaldson, we learn by the Brilliant, the first day 135 votes weie polled, and it wasestima.

ted that Johnson had a majority of nine. Thb Fa inch Frigate Gomcr. The five com missioners brought out in this frigate were appoint' ed by the Department of Marine, Finance, Conv mercc, and Foreign Affairs in France, to exaaiine the dilleront ports of North and South America and determine which are the most suitable to direct the line of French steamers to, that are soon to be established. The Courier des Etats I'ms status that the frigate will rcmaiu here about two weeks, and then depart to some-other port in this country, if the commissioners judge it to be necessary. Otherwise she will proceed to Martinique, Rio Janeiro, and Buenos Ayres; then return and visit Havana, Vera Cruz and N.

(Means. From thence she will proceed to the west coast of Africa and other French possessions in that quarter, and finally return to France, after an absence of ten or twelve mouths. Tut Weekly New Era, of which we have just received the number lor to-day, is a largo and very well printed sheet, comprehending all the reading matter of the daily New Era for the week. It forms a miscellany of intelligence, political disquisitions, literary sod commercial articles, with yantsrtiicLTita reader have good reason to be satisfied. Political questions are discussed inn enlightened spirit and a manly temper.

The commercial arti- tides are peculiarly valuable, being, for the most part, furnished by a gentleman, who, for financial knowledge, has no superior in the country, we lOt an Mr. Gouge, author of tho History of Banking. Texan Prisoners. We find in the Boston Transcript, of last evening, an extract of a letter received from Hon. Waddy Thompson, dated Mex ico, June which says: I have the pleasure to inform yon that I have received assurances to-day that the Texan prisoners will all be released in a few days." Kutger's Institute.

The commencement this Institute, was held in the Rutger's street church, yesterday atternoon. Notwithstanding' the heavy shower of rain that fell, the house was crowded. The exercises consisted of music, the reports of committees, the reading of prize compositions, the distribution of honors to the young Iodic, Ilc. They were of a very interesting character, and afforded much gratification to the audi ence, and were quite flattering to the officers of the Institute. Rewards or Dancing.

It is stated that Fanny Elssler, who leaves the country with the steamer Columbia at Boston, has danced in the United States and Havana 190 times 21 of them gratui tously, for the benefit of various institutions and individuals. She has realized near $140,000, of which she has expended near $40,000, and given away to individuals and societies in the United States $.1,000. Nearly the whole of this fortune has been realized with three ballets. U. S.

Schr. Grampus, Lt. Com. G. J.

Van Brunt, arrived in port yesterday, eight days from the Bahamas. Officers T. G. Green, 1st Lieut. K.

C. Bowers, 2d Lieut. J. S. K.

Yone, Acting Master; G. Paine, Purser; T. J. Mason, Surgeon C. W.

Place, F. W. Colby, E. Allen, N. J.

West, Midshipmen; A. Boyd, Acting Master's Mate. Officers and crew all welL During tho month of June there arrived at the various ports of the United States IS ships, 4 baiks, 3 brigs and 2 schooners, engaged in the whale trade; bringing barrels sperm oil. and 25,04 1 barrels whale oil. New Orleans Two more of the banks of New Orleans suspended specie payments on the Mb.

inst. namely, the Union Bank and the Mechanics' and Trader's. Tbe Louisiana and Gas Banks are now tha only specie paying institutions in that city. A new Romon Catholic Church was consecrated at Norfolk on Sunday last by the Right Rev. Dr.

Whelan, Bishop of Richmond. The Church is 96 feet long and 00 feet wide, of the Doric order of architecture. This Picturr and That The salary of the Mayor of New Orleans, ia $0000; thai of the May-or of Hartford, is $40. On the 6th instaut, a small boy was killed by ngnining, in tne street, in Lexington, Ky. Two IU kbit lUKss of Colossi Youbf.

ttt oonventioa of tuperintendaoU Bod teacher tf Common Schools, lately he'd in this stats, occurs the passage which we ibjoin. We bslieve that the destiny of the human race is social en tmral improvement; but, at the same time, ws have melancholy evidence that there are periods when this progressive advancement appears not only to be interrupted, but even to rive place, for a time, to a backward movement, and an evident moral de generacy 'During the last half century, the physical sci required but a partial development of the reason ing powers a slight acquaintance with cause and eflect to have foreseen and obviated this dread catastrophe. 1 be sirocco of sensualism has also carried its blighting influence into private life, and has marred and blackened the faco of society. The number of its victims may be estimated by the vast multiplication ot robberies, thefts, embezzlements and frauds by the increase of bankruptcy and the extinction of confidence. If there is any truth in the public press, on this and on the other side of the Atlantic, there is now no part of Christendom, which supcrabounds so much as this country in duels, murders, violence and crime Letter or Mr.

Webster to the Mexican Minister. The following letter from the Secretary of State is in reply to the insolent one from Bocanegra, the Mexican Minister, which we pub. lished a few days since Mr. W'eb-itcf to Mr. Thompson.

apartment or State, Washington, July 8, 1842. Sir: On the 29th of last month, a communica tion was received at this Department, from Mr. de Bocanegra. Secretary of State and Foreign Rela tions of the Government of Mexico, having been forwarded through the agency of Mr. Velasques de Leon, at New York, who informed the Department, by a letter accompanying that ot Mr.

de Bocanegra, that he had been appointed charge d'af-fairs of the Mexican Republic to this Government, although be had not yet presented his credentials. Mr. de Bocanegra'g letter is addressed to the Secretary of State of the United States, and bears date the t2th of May. A copy, together with a copy of the communication from Mr. Velasques de Leon transmittine it, and of the answer to Mr.

Velas ques de Leon Irom this Department, you will Receive herewith. Upon the receipt of this despatch, you will immediately address a note to Air. ifoca necra, in which you will say- That the Secretary of State of the United States has received a letter, addressed to him by Mr. de BocancgraJ under date of tho 12th of May, and transmitted to the Department of State at Washington, through the agency of Mr. Velasques do Leon, at New York, who informs the Govern ment of the United States that he has been an pointed charge d'affaires of the Mexican Republic, althougu ne nas not presented Has letter of ere dence.

The Government of the United States sees, with regret, the adoption, on this occasion, of a form of communication quite unusual in diplomatic inter course, ana lor wnicn no necessity is known. An envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the united Mates, luily accredited to the uov eminent of Mexico, was at that moment in its capital, in the actual discharge of his functions, and ready to receive, on behalf of his Government, any communication which it might he the pleasure of the President of the Mexican Republic to make to it and it is not improper to here add, that it has been matter of regiet with the Government of the United States that while, being ani mated with a sincere desire at all times to cultivate the most amicable relations with Mexico, it has not lailed to maintain near that Government a mission of the highest rank known to its usages, Mexico, for a long time, has had no representative near the Government ol the United States. But the manner of the communication from Mr. de Bocanegra, however novel and extraordinary, is less important than its contents and character, which surprise the Government of the United by a loud complaint oi the violation of its neutral duties. Air.

de Hocanegra, sneaking, as he says, by the express order of the President of the Alexican Republic, declares that the amicable relations between the two countries might have been lamentably disturbed, sinco the year 1S35, when the revolution of Texas broke out, had not Mexico given so many evidences of its forbearance, and made so many and so great sacrifices fur the sake of peace, in order that the world might not see with pain and amazement two nations which appear destined to establish the policy and inte rests of the American continent, divided and ra vaged by the evils of war. This language implies that such has been the conduct of the United States towards Mexico. that war must have ensued before the present time had not Mexico made great sacrifices to avoid such result a charge which the Government of the United Nates utterly denies and repels. It is wholly ignorant of any sacrifices made by Mexico in order to preserve peace, or of any occasion call ine on its Government to manifest uncommon for bearmre. On the contrary, the Government of the United States cannot but be of opinion that if the history of the occurrences between the two Governments, the state of things at this moment existing between them, be regarded, both the one and the other will demonstrate that it is the conduct of the government of the United States which has been marked, in an especial manner, by moderation and forbearance.

Injuries and wrongs have been sus tained by citizens of the United States, not inflict ed by individual Mexicans, but by the authorities of the Government for which injuries and wrongs. numerous as they are, and outrageous as is the character of some of them, and acknowledged as they aro by Mexico herself, redress has been sought only by mild and peaceable means, and no indem nity asked but such as the strictest justice impera tively demanded. A desire not to disturb the peace and harmony of the two countries has led the Gov ernment of the United States to be content with the lowest measure of remuneration. Mexico her self must admit that, in all these transactions, the conduct of the United States towards her has been signalized, not by the infliction of injuries, but by the lion ol a friendly lceling and a concil iatary spirit. The government of the United States will not be unjust in its sentiments towards Mexico: it will not impute to its Government anv desire to disturb the peace it acquits it of any design to spread the ravages ana norrors of war over the two countries ana it leaves it to Alexico herself to avow her own motives for her pacific policy, if she have any other motives than those of expediency and iustice: pro vided, however, that such avowal of her motives carry with it no imputation or reflection upon the good faith and honor of the United States.

The revolution in Texas, and the events connect ed with it and springing out of it, are Mr. do Bocarcgra'a principal topic and it is in relation to tnese mat his complaint is founded. His Govern inent, he says, flatters itself that the Government ol the United States has not promoted the insurrection in Texas, favored the usurpation of its territory, or supplied the rebels with vessels, ammunition and money. If Mr. de Bocaneera intends thia as a frank admission of the honest and cautious neutrality of the Government of the United States in the contest between Mexico and Texas, he does had" I-cnfsUnUy pVGwflUtediiy MsVok efcj success praveBierj oy inese influences from abrofto.

I nt genet Tact appertaining to the settlemeirt of Teats, Knd the revolution in its government, cannot but be well known to Mr. de Bocanrgra. Br the treaty of tha 22d February, 1819, Iwtween th United States and Sp.in, the Sabine was adopted as the line of boundary between the two vow era- Up to that period, no considerable colonization bad been effected in Texas: but the Territory between the Sabine and Rio Grande being confirmed to Spain ny the treaty, applications were made to that power for grants of land; and such' grants, or permissions of settlement, were in fact made by the Spanish authorities in favor of citizens the United ences have made astonishine strides throughout the I States proposing to emigrate to Texas, in Ttumer- civilized world. But we look in vain for a corres ponding progress in the more elevated domains of moral and intellectual knowledge. While steam, and machinery, and inventive efforts of almost every description, have been in a continuous state of progressive improvement, the whole circle of intellectual advancement, pat tieularly in our own country, has either retrograded or remained sta tionary.

The human mind seems to have been impelled towards matter, by a strong and unnatural gravitation, and a morbid desire for material wealth to have nearly absorbed every nobler aspiration. It is true that men are not to be censured for the bestowiaent of a sufficient amount of time and attention in the procurement of physical comforts. But the exclusiveness of this devotion is a subject of deep reproach and of burning shame. To erect the animal gratifications into a god of idolatry to abandon the nobler part of man nature to perpetual decrepitude and sterility in short, to pamper the body and to starve the mind, these have been too much the characteristics of the times tnrougn which, it is devoutly to be hoped, we have nearly passed. The mentals cravings and desires have been overlooked or suppressed, and the aspirations after knowledge stifled and subdued.

Indeed, the practical philosophy or this material age, is au-mirably epitomized in the pungent Apostolic sar casm, 'Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die. The mature and bitter fruits of this sensual phi losophy are now manifest to all. Overshadowing loads of public debt, connected with prostrate credit an enormous burden recklessly bound upon a sinking body, anord a true Picture of our hscal condition a condition which is wholly artificial, and which might have been easily averted by the timely and faithful labors of the schoolmaster. It ous families, before the Declaration of Independence by Mexico, And these early grants were confirmed, as is well known, by successive acts of the Mexican government, after its separation from Spain. Ia January, 1823, a national colonization law was passed, holding out strong inducements to all persons who should incline to undertake tbe settlement of uncultivated lands and although the Mexican law prohibited, for a time, citizens of foreign countries from settling, ss colonists, in territories immediately adjoining such foreign countries, yet even this restriction was afterwards repealed or suspended.

So that, in fact, Mexico, from the commencement of her political history, held out the most liberal inducement" to emigrants into her territories, with full knowledge that these inducements were likely to act, and expecting that they would act, with the greatest effect, upon the citizens of the United States; especially of the Southern States, whose agricultural pursuits naturally rendered the rich laids of Texas, so well suited to their accustomed, occupations, objects of desire to them. The early colonists of the United States, introduced by Moses and Stephen Austin, under these inducements and invitations, were persons of most respectable character, and their undertaking was attended with very severe hardships, occasioned, in no small degree, by the successive changes in the Government of Mexico. They nevertheless persevered and accomplished a settlement. And, under the encouragements and allurements thus held out by Mexico, other emigrants and many thousand colonists from the United Stales and elsewhere, had settled in Texas within fen years from the date of Mexican independence. Having some reason to complain, as they thought, of the Government over them, and especially of the aggressions of the Mexican military stationed in Texas, they sought relief by applying to the supreme Government for the separation of Texas from Coahuilaand for a local Government for Texas itself.

Not having sue ceeded in this object, in the process of time, in the progress of events, they saw fit to attempt an entire separation from Mexico, to set up a Government of their own, and to establish a political sovereignty. War ensued, and tbe battle of San Jacinto, fought on the 2 1st of April, 1S30, achieved their independence. The war was from that time at an end; and in March following, the independence of Texas was formally acknowledged by the Government of the United States. a. atarmj A In the events leading to the actual result of these hostilities, the United States had no agency and took no part.

Its government had, from the hrst, abstained Irom giving aid or succor to either party. It knew its neutral obligations and fairly endeavored to fulfil them all. It acknowledged the independence of Texasj only when that independence was an apparent and an ascertained fact; and its example in this particular has been followed by several of the most considerable Powers of Europe. It has been sometimes stated, as if for the pur pose of giving more Teason to the complaints of Mexico, that, of the military force which acted against Mexico with efficiency and success in 1336, a large portion consisted of volunteers then fresh from the United States. But this is a great error.

It is well ascertained that of those who bore arms in the Texan ranks in the battle of San Jacinto, three-fourths at least were colonists, invited into Texas by the grants and tbe colonization laws of Mexico, and called to the field by the exigencies of the time in 1S36, from their farms and other objects of private pursuit. Air. de iiocanegra's complaint is twofold first. that citizens of tbe United States have supplied tbe rebels in Texas with ammunition, arms, vessels. money, and recruits have publicly raised forces in their cities, and fitted out vessels in their ports.

loaded them with munitions of war, and marched to commit hostilities against friendly nation, under the eye and with the knowledge of the public authorities. In all this Mr. do Bocanegra appears to forget that while the United States are at peace with Alexico they are also at peace with Texas that both stand on the same footing of friendly nations; that since 1S37 the United States have re garded Texts as an independent sovereignty, as mucn as Alexico, and that trade and commerce with citizens of a Government at war with Mexico cannot, on that account, be regarded as an intercourse by which assistance and succor are given to Mexican rebels. The whole current of Mr. de Bo-canegra's remarks runs in the same direction as if tbe independence of Texas had not been acknow ledged.

It has been acknowledged it was ac knowledged in 1S37, against the remonstrance and protest of Mexico; and most of the acts of any importance of which Mr. de Bocanegra complains. flow necessarily from that recognition. He speaks ot lexas as still being "an integral part of the territory of the Alexican Republic but he cannot but understand that the United States do not so regard it. The real complaint of Mexico, there fore, is in substance neither more nor less than a complaint against the recognition of Texan inde- that government justice, and no more than justice: I creed against them bv the laws of the United I 1 but if the language be intended to intimate an op- luiiie aim a reproarniui meaning, mat meaning is only tbe more offensive for being insinuated rather than distinctly avowed- Mr.

de Bocanegra would seem to represent, that from 1S35 to the present time, citizens of the United States, if not their go. vcrnment, have been aiding rebels in Texas in arms against the lawful authority ef Mexico. This is net a little extraordinary. Mexico may have chosen to consider, and may still choose to consider, Texas as having been at all times since 1S35. and as still continuing, a robe Uious province but tbe world has been obliged to take a diiWent view of the matter.

From the time of the battle of San Jacinto, In April, 1836, to the present moment, Texas has exhibited the same external signs of national independence as Mexico herself, and with quite as much stability of government. Practically froe and independent, acknowledged as a politi cal sovereignly by the principal Powers of the world, Do hostile foot finding rest within her territory for six or seven years. nd Mexico herself refraining for all that period from any further attempt tore-establish own authority over that tenito. rv. it cannot b'lt be surprising to find Mr.

de Boca negra complaining that for that whole period eiti I sens of tbe United States, or its government, have others with bim were knocked down by the same I tb of Texas, and supplying -Wjv I them wiih vessels, ammunition, and money; as if others shock. wa war for tba reduction of the province of Texas penaence. It may be thought rather late. to repeat tint complaint, and not quite just to confine it to the United States, to the exemption of England, France, and neigium, unless the United States, having been the first to acknowledge the independence of Mexico herself, are to be blamed for setting an example for the recognition of that of Texas. But it is still true that Mr.

de Bocanegn's specification of nis grounas ol complaint and remonstrance, is mainly confined to such transactions and occurences a are the natural consequence of the poli tical relations existing between Texas and the United States. Acknowledging Texas to be an independent nation, the Government of the United States of course allows and encourages lawful trade and commerce between the two countries. If articles contraband of war be found mingled with this commerce, while Mexico and Texas are belligerent stares, Alexico has the right to intercept the tran- i i-i i i an oi sucu articles to ner enemv. i nis is inecom- mon right of all belligerents, and belongs to Mex ico in the same extent as to other nations. But Mr.

de Bocanegra is quite well aware that it is not the practice of nations to undertake to prohibit their own subjects, by previous laws, from traffic- ing in articles contraband of war. Such trade is carried on at the risk of those engaged in it, under tne iiaotiuies ana penalties prescriDea oy tne taw of nations, or by particular treaties. If it be true, therefore, that citizens of the United States have been engaged in a commerce by which Texas, an enemy ot Mexico, nas been supplied with arms and munitions of war, the Government of the U. States, nevertheless, was not bound to prevent it, could not prevent it, without a manifest departure from the principles of neutrality, and is in noway answerable for' the consequences. The treaty of the 5t of April, 1S31, between the United States and Mexico, itself shows most clearly how little foundation there is for the complaint of trading with Texas, if Texas is to be regarded as a public enemy of Mexico.

The sixteenth article declares It shall likewise be lawful for the aforesaid citi zens, respectively, to sail with their vessels and merchandise before mentioned, and to trade with the same liberty and security trom the places, ports, and havens of those who are enemies ot both or either party, without any opposition or disturb ance whatsoever, not only directly Irom the places of the enemy before mentioned to neutral places, but also from one place belonging to an enemy to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under tho jurisdiction of tbe same Govern ment or under several." The ISth article enumerates those commodities which shall be regarded as contraband of war, but neither that article nor any other imposes on either nation any duty of preventing bv previous regulation, commerce in such articles. Such commerce is left to its ordinary fate, according to tha law of nations. It is only, therefore, by insisting, rs Mr. de Bocanegra does insist, that Texas is still a part of Mexico, that he can maintain any complaint. Let it be repeated, therefore, that if the thing against which he remonstrates be wrong, they have their source in the original wrong of the acknowledgment of Texan independence.

But that acknowledgment is not likely to be retracted. There can be no doubt at all that for the last six years the trade in articles contraband of war between the United States and Mexico has been greater than between the United States and Texas. It is probably greater at the present moment. Why has not Texas a right to complain of this For no reason, certainly, but because tbe permission to trade, or the actual trading by the citizens of a government in articles contraband of war, is not a breach of neutrality. Mr.

de Bocanegra professes himself unable to comprehend how these persona ol whom he com plains have been able to evade the punishment ae- states but ne does not appear to nave a ciear a idea of the principles or provisions of these laws. Tho duties of neutral nations in time of war are prescribed by the law of nations, which is impera tive and binding upon all governments and nations not unfrequently establish municipal regulations for tbe belter government of the conduct of their subjects or citizens. 1 his has been done by the United Slates, in order to maintain with greater certainty a strict and im partial neutrality, pending war between other countries. And wherever a violation of neutral duties, as tbey exist by the law of or any broach of its own laws, has been brought to the notice of the Government, attention has always been paid to it At an early period of tbe Texan revolution strict orders were given by the President of the United Slates to all officers on the south and southwestern frontier to lake care that thee laws should be observed and the attention of the Governme.it of the United States had not been called to any specific violation of them since the manifestation on the part ot Mexico of ah intention to renew hostilities with Texas, and all offirera of (he Government re main charged with the strict and faithful execution af these laws. On a recent occasion complaint was made by the representatives of Texas that an armament was filled out in the Unitwl States for the service ef Mexico against Texaa.

Two vessels ot war, it was alleged, built or pur. fcUiirt in Wi Kits, to tk ttifi hi ikfc ernment Qt MtIeo and well understood. II inland, ed to be employed against Texas, were equlpper1 and teedy to sail from the waters of New York. Tbe case was carefully inquired Into, official examination was made, and legal counsel invoked. It appeared to be a case of great doubt, but Mexico was allowed tbe benefit oi that doubt, and the vessels left the United States with the whole or a part of their armament actually on board.

Tbe same adminstration of even-handed justice, the same impartial execution of the laws towards all parties, will continue to be observed. 4 -If forces have been raised in- the United States, or Teasels fitted out in their ports for Texan, service, contrary to law, ne instance ot which has. as yet come to the knowledge of the Government, prompt attention will be paid to the first case, and to all cases which may be made known to it. As to advances, loans, or donations of money or goods, made by individuals to the Government of Texas, or its citizens, Mr. de Bocanegra hardly needs to be informed that there is nothing unlawful in this, so long as Texas is at ieace with the United States, and that these are things which no government undertakes to restrain.

Other citizens are equally at liberty, should they be so inclined, to show their good will towards Mexico by the same means. Still less can the Government of the United States be called upon to interfere with opinions uttered in the public assemblages of a free people, accustomed to the independent expression of their sentiments, resulting in no violation of the laws of their country, or of its duties as a neutral State. Towards the United States, Mexico and Texas stand in the same relation, as independent States at war. Of tbe character of that war, mankind will form their own opinions, and in the United Mates, at least, tne utterance of those opinions cannot be suppressed. The second part of Mr.

deBocanegra's complaint is thus stated "NoJ-tooncr does the Mexican Government, in (he exercise of its rights, which it cannot and does not desire to renounce, prepare means to recovers possession usurped from it, than the whole population of the United States, especially in the Southern in commotion and, in the most public manner, a large portion of them is directed upon Texas." And how does Mr. de Bocanegra suppose that the government of the United States can prevent, or is bound to undertake to prevent, tbe people from thus going to Texas This is emigration; the same emigration, though not under the same circumstances, which Mexico invited to Texas before the revolution. These persons, so far as it is known to the government of the United States, repair to Texas, not as citizens of the United States, but as ceasing to be such citizens, and as changing at the same time their allegiance and their domicil. Should they return after havinv entered into the service or a foreign State, still claiming to be citizens of tbe United States, it will be for the authorities of the United States government to determine how far they have violated the municipal laws of the country and what penalties they have incurred. The government of the United States does not maintain, and never has maintained, the doctrine of the perpetuity of natural allegiance.

And surely Mexico maintains nouch doctrine because her actually existing government, like that of the United States, is founded in the principle that men may throw off the obligation of that allegiance to which they are born. The Government of the United States, from its origin, has maintained legal provisions for the naturalization of such subjects of foreign States as may choose to come hither and make their home in the country, and, renouncing their former allegiance, and complying with certain stated requisitions, to take upon themselves the character of cit izens of this Government. Mexico herself has laws granting equal facilities to the naturalization of foreigners. On the other hand, the United States have not passed any law restraining their own citizens, native or naturalized, from leaving the country and forming political relations elsewhere. Nor do other Governments, in modern times, attempt any such thing.

It is true that there arc Governments which assert the principle of perpetual allegiance yet, even in cases where this is not rather a matter of theory than practice, the duties of this supposed continuing allegiance are left to be demanded of the subject himself, when within the reach of the power of his former Government, and as exigencies may arise, and are not attempted to be enforced by the imposition of previous restraint preventing men trom leaving their country. Upon this subject of the emigration of individuals from neutral to belligerent States, in regard to which Mr. de Bocanegra appears so indignant, we must be allowed to bring Mexico into her own presence, to compare her with herself, and respectfully invite her to judge the matter by her own principles and her own conduct. In her great struggle against Spain for her own independence, did she not open her arms wide to receive all who would come to her from any part of the world And did not multitudes flock to her new raised standard of liberty from the United States, from England, Ireland, France, and Italy, manv of whom distinguish ed themselves in her service, both by sea and land? She does net appear to have supposed that the go. vernments of these persons, thus coming to unite their fate with hers, were, by allowing the emigia-tion, even pcndingacivilwar.furnishing just cause of offence to Spain.

Even in her military operations against Texas, Mexico employed many foreign emigrants and it may be thought remarkable that in those very operations, not long before the battle of San Jacinto, a native citizen of the United States held high command in her service, and performed feats of no mean significance in Texas. Of that toleration, therefore, as she calls it, and which she now so warmly denounces, Mexico, in that hour of emergency, embraced the benefits eagerly, and to the full extent of her power. May we not ask, then, how she can reconcile her present complaints with her own practice, as well as how she accounts for so long and unbroken a silence upon a subject on which her remonstrance is now so loud Spain chose to regard Mexico only in thelight of a rebellious province for near twenty years after she had asserted her own independence. Does Mexico now admit that, for all that period, notwithstanding her practical emancipation from Spanish power, it was unlawful for the subjects and citizens rf other governments to carry on with her the ordinary business of commerce, or to aceppt her tempting offers to emigrants Certainly such is not her opinion. Might it not be asked, then, even if the United States had ot already and long ago acknowledged the independence of Texas, how long they should be expected to wait for theaccomplishment of the object now existing only in purpose ai.d intention ot" the re-subjugation of that territory by Mexico.

How long, let it be asked in the jugdment of Mexico herself, is tbe fact of actual independence to be held of no avail against an avowed pur ose of future re-conquest Mr. de Bocanegra is pleased to say, that if war actually existed between the two countries, proceedings more hostile on the part of the United States could not have taken place thau have taken place, nor the insurgents of Texas obtained more effectual co-operation tnan they have obtained. The opinion, however hazardous to the discernment and just estimate of things of those who avow it, is yet abstract and theoretical, and so far harmless. The efficiency of American hostility to Mexico has never been tried the government has no desire to try if. Ir would not disturb the peace for the sake of showing how erroneously Mr.

de Bocanegra has reasoned while, on the other hand, it trusts that a just hope may be entertained that Mexico will not inconsiderately and needlessly hasten into an experiment by which the truth or fallacy of his sentiments may be brought to an actual ascertainment. Mr.de Bocanegra declares, in conclusion, that his Government finds itself under the necessity of protesting solemnly against the aggressions which the citizens of the United States are reiterating upon the Mexican territory and of declaring, in a positive manner, that it will consider as a violation of the treaty of amity the toleration of that course of conduct, which, he inflicts on the Mexican Republic the injuries and inconveniences of war. The President exceedingly regrets both the sentiment and manner of this declaration. But it can admit of but one answer. The Mexican Government appears to require that which could not be granted, in whatever language or whatever tone requested.

The Government of the United States is a Government of law. The Chief Executive Magistrate, as well as functionaries in every other department, is restrained and guided by the Constitution and the law of the land. Neither the Constitution nor the law of the land, nor principles known to the usages of modern States, authorize him to interdict lawful trade between the United States and Texas; or to prevent, or attempt to prevent, individuals from leaving the United States for Texas, or any other foreign country. If such individuals enter info the service of Texas, or any other foreign State, the Government of the United States no longer holds over them the shield of its protection. They must stand or fall in their newly-assumed character and according to the fortunes which may betide it.

But the Government of the United States cannot be called noon to prevent their emigration andSt must be added, that the Constitution, public treaties, and the laws oblige tbe President to regard lexas as an independent State, and its territory as no part of the Territory of Mexico. Every provision of law, every principle of neutral obligation, wiU be sedulously enforced in relation to Mexico, aa in relation to other Powers, and to the same extent and with the same integrity of purpose. All this belongs to the constitutional power and duly of. the Government, and it will all be fulfilled. But the continuance of amity with Mexico cannot be purchased at any higher rate.

If the peace of the two countries ia to be disturbed, the responsibility wiU devolve on Mexico. '-She saust be answerable for conseouences. The United States, let it be again repeated, desire peace, it woutu oe wun innniie Kiin that they should find themselves in hostile rations with any of the new Governments on this continent. But their Government is regulated, limited, full of the spirit of liberty, but surrounded, nevertheless, with just restraints and greatly and fervently as it desires peace with all States, and especially with its mere immediate neighbors, yet no fear of a different state ofthings can be allowed to interrupt its course of equal and exact justice to all nations, nor to jostle it out of the constitutional orbit in which it revolves. 'i lam, sir, ycur obedient servant, DANIEL Waddt Thompson, Esq.

Serrir BMi 6 Me Utiiitd Bfaki tf Ami H4. MR. WEBSTER TO MB. THOMPSON. i Department or Stats, Washington, July 13, 1S42.

Sir After writing to you on tbe 8th instant, I received tbrongb the same channel as the former, Mr. de Bocanegra's second letter, and at the same time your despatch of the 6th June, and your pri vate letter of the 21st. This last letter or Mr. de Bocanegra was written, aa you will see, before it was possible for him to expect an answer to bis first, which answer is now forwarded, and shows the groundless nature of tbe complaints of Mexico. ine letter itself is highly exceptionable and otlen.

sive. It imputes violations of honor and good faith to the Government of the United States not only in the most unjust, but in the most indecorous man ner. You have not spoken of it in teims too strong in your circular to the members of tbe diplomatic corps. On the receipt of this, you will write a note to Mr. de Bocanegra, in which you will say: That the Secretary ot State of the United States, on the 9th of July, received his letter of the 31st of May; that the President of the United States considers the language and tone of that letter derogatory to tne cnaracter ot tne united Mates, and highly offensive, as it imputes to their Government a direct breach of faith and that he directs that no other answer be given to it than the declaration that the conduct cf the Government of the United States, in regard to tbe war between Mexico and Texas, having been always hitherto governed by a stjict and impartial regard to its neutral obligations, will not be changed or altered in any respect or in any degree.

If for this the Government of Mexico shall see fit to change the relations at present existing between the two countries, the responsibility re mains wun nerseii. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, DANIEL WEBSTER. To Wappt Thompson, Esq. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo tentiary of vie United State, Mexico. A Protective Tariff Anti-commercial cuts off imports diminuies export imports of specie only and their effect a home employment to laltorers results.

A Protective Tariff is Anti-Commercial The avowed object of such a tariff ought to be a conclu sive argument upon this point. That object ijSJto exclude from our markets, in whole or in part foreign products and manufactures which come in competition wun line articles produced ana manu factured in our own country. It needs no argu Bient to prove that, if the tarifj shall succeed ii excluding any foreign article altogether, foreign trade in that article must cease altogether. It is equally evident, that, if the tariff succeed in diminishing the importation of any foreign article, the foreign trade in that article must be diminished in an equal degree. If woollen goods were excluded, there could be no foreign trade in cottons so of iron, and manufactures of iron, hemp, flax, and the thousand other articles which make up our tariff list Following up this view, it cannot but be admitted that, if all the articles now imported were excluded by a tariff high enough to make it profitable to raise or manufacture them at home, our foreign import trade must cease altogether.

We do not maintain that this extreme result ever will flow from a protective tariff; but we assert, without hesitation, that such are its results, precisely as far as it produces the eflect intended. But this is not all. In an equal degree it diminishes our export trade and cuts off the foreign market for the produce of our farmers and planters, and the fabrics of our mechanics and jiufacturers. Most commercial nations pay for what they buy from abroad in their own produce and manufac turcs. If they pay in money, that money has first to be pui chased by the proceeds of their labor, as the precious metals are not to be their domestic production.

By cutting oft their trade with us, in whole or in part, we diminish their ability to buy of us, and thus far impair our own market abroad. If we ceased to buy of them altogether, they must of necessity cease to buy of us, or must confine their purchases in amount to the profits of their trade with other countries, which would be the only means of payment left them. But, say the Protectionists, returns would then be made in gold tnd silver, and money would become abundant in our country. Such would doubt less be the result at first but what benefits would arise from it The precious metals are not food, drink, shelter, or clothing. They are property, but unproductive property they do not directly administer to tbe sustenance, health, comfort, or pleasures of mankind.

To one starving in a desert, they are as valueless as the sands which blister his feet and choke his respiration. Yet they are property, under ordinary circumstances, in its most available, and therefore most desirable form. That our country should possess its share of this kind of property, in common with other commercial nations, is necessary to the regularity ot its trade and the stability of its prices. This proportion it would always possess, with a foreign commerce regulated by the laws of trade, without legislative tampering, and in the absence of its mortal enemy paper money. But let us look for a moment at the benefits which would accrue, if all the brilliant pictures painted by the tariffites to gain supporters were immediately realized.

Let us suppose that our foreign exports amount to one hundred and fifty millions of dollars a year, and that in consequence of the effectual protection of home industry," the entire returns are made in gold and silver. Our currency would, if purely metallic, be more than doubled in a single year but, in point of fact, would be trebled. The manufactories of paper currency being relieved from ail restraint by tbe influx of money, would pour forth their mil-lioas pari passu with the millions of specie coming in from abroad. The immediate consequences would be a superabundance of money, unlimited credit, increase of prices double, treble, tenfold inordinate, unbounded, and unprincipled specu lation in every species of property and paper credits, beyond anything witnessed or conceived of in 1.835-'6-7, together with tbe prostration of regular business, useful industry, and sound morals. This forced state of things would soon cure itself, by the convulsion more fearful than that which has kept the country in spasms ever since 1837.

In the first place, the commercial world would find it impossible to pay us one hundred and fifty millions iu specie for our exports during a series of years. The operations of one year would make specie more valuable everywhera else than in the United States; and, in consequence of our high prices, they would purchase of other countries, with their specie, the articles they had heretofore bought ot us. Deprived thus of our last article of import from abroad, we should become another Chinese empire, though a little more secluded from the family of nations, enjoying in their utmost per fection the benefits of tariff' taxation and pseudo protection. Again: we admit that this extreme result is neither practicable nor in the contcor plation of any tarifl-lanatic, however extravagant. We present it to show the beauties of the system if carried out, and in the full conviction that every step of tariff protection is one step in the downward path towards this perdition that most, if not every item of tariff protection, so far as successful, is an item of mischief inflicted upon the dearest interests of the country.

But you cannot deny, says the tariffite, that a home market for the planter, farmer and mechanic, aud employment, with good wages for the laborer, are good things and that these are the necessary effects of a protective tariff. "A home Hiarket We admit that a home market is, in the abstract, a very good thing but we doubt its benefits to the farmer, or any other class, when it compels them to pay much more for what they have to buy than if they sold and bought in a foreign market. In our "home market" the farmer can get two yards of cloth for a bushel of wheat; but in the foreign market he can get three vards of cloth for a bushel. Now, which is the best market for the farmer On one sido ot the street, here is a factory store, where the American manufacturers will give bim two yards of American cloth for a bushel of wheat on the other side of the street there is a merchant who will give bim three yards of just as good foreign cloth for the same quantity of wheat. Now, which side of the street is it his interest to buy Is it not better for him that the merchant should take bis wheat and send it to England, than that he should sell it to be consumed in the factory, when, by its going abroad he can get fifty percent, more for it in necessaries and comforts ior his family I It is not alone the nominal price at which the farmer can sell bis produce which concerns him; he has an interest, also, in the prices of everything that he buys.

If the laws be so framed as to add fifty per cent, to tbe prices ot all that lie buys, it is the same to him as if they reduced one-third the prices of all he has to sell. If he could get two dollars for two bushels of wheat, and for those two dollars could get two yards of cloth; and, under those circumstances, Congress were to impose a tariff oo imported cloth, raising the price to one dollar and a half per yard, it is evident that it would take three dollars (the price of three bushels of wheat) to buy the same quantity of cloth. Now, the effect upon the farmer is the same as if Congress, instead of increasing the pi ice of cloth one half, had reduced the price of wheat one-third. By not meddling with the matter at all, two bushels of wheat would buy two yards of cloth but by adding fifty per cent, to the price of the cloth, they make two yards cost three bushels. It would evidently be the same thing to the farmer if they would let the cloth alone, and reduce the price of three bushels of wheat to the price of two.

And this is the practical eflect of a protective tariff upon tbe interests ot the farmers, so far as they produce imported or protected articles. This is what is called "protecting home industry and giving our farmers a "home market Employment and tod yyazes tm the In tbe abstract, this, also, is a very good thing but we most not shut our eyes to the ultimate consequences. Look at those consequences as developed in England and Scotland, where tbe system" has been carried out. At first, no doubt, the manufacturing establishments gave employment and rood wages but, by degrees, the condition of the laborer became one of absolute dependence on the owners of tbe factories, not only for employment, but for subsistence. At this moment there are tens cf thousands in tbe British isle wbose labor is barely sufficient, when in good health, to eara miserable subsistence for themselves and families and if sick or discharged, am- a.

a aV a aw i a the leu judge Richard of New- Hampshire to the wtiter few )ears ago, are the best Htck We can raise in New England." This was spoken, not in praise of the protective system or its effects, nor in derision of tbe fair sex but to illustrate an important trutn in a way peculiar to that excellent and gifted man. The manufactur ing system baa made girls more profitable to their employers than are oxen and horses to their owners. As vet. they are not so dependent bnt when those establishments arrive at British perfection, they would have become stock indeed. "Who own those blocks of neat houses we asked of the same gentleman, while looking at the village of Nashua.

They belong to the company, who rent them out" What sort of people live in them "The boarding-house keepers, and families, the masters or members of whom are employed about tbe factories or machine shops, or in business con nected with them." What large, well-furnished store is that It is the company's store, where their hands spend their wages." jjo tney sell any wing mere dui tne gooas tney manufacture?" "Oh yes: foreign goods, groceries, every thing. The long and the short of the matter is," said the judge, this whole village works for the compa ny lor their victuaisaua ciotnes. in two sentences, uttered oy mat ciear-neaaed man, the effects of the system were clearly defined. It converts laborers into stock it makes whole villages, and the country besides, work for the manufacturing capitalists, receiving in return, "their victuals and clothes." It gives laborers "employment so does farming give employment to oxen and horses. Whatever its first effect may seem to be, it tends to place the laborer in a state of endless, hopeless servitude; spending the prime of life in laboring for bis 'victuals and without the consolation ol the African negro, that those for whom he has toiled in youth and manhood will be obliged to support him in old age.

Is there a true heaited patriot, philanthropist, or Christian, who thinks the factory state better for the girls themselves than the family circle? Is there a roan who believes that their health or morals are improved by being removed from the wholesome air of their native hills and the watchful care and constant admonition of anxious parents, to those hot and dusty working-rooms in the large factories, crammed into crowded boarding-houses, and exposed to all manner of temptations, aud follies No, no every good man responds that it is impossible. And the young men Is it better for their inde-dependence, health, and morals, to be removed from their native farms, where virtue and corn are cultivated together, and health gushes from every spring, to populous towns and villages, where vice grows up as in hotbeds, and every gale is tainted with disease, to become themselves dependants of a few rich men, and leave their posterity under the doom which now broods over millions of their fellow-beings, thus left by their ancestors in British isles? What. good man would not prefer to see them independent cultivators of the soil, owning the land they till, (though it might be small in compass.) and raising up a set of fine children, whose most precious legacy shall be virtue, health, liberty, and independences. Our aspirations for our country are, that its principal and governing population may long be well-educated tillers of the soil, owning the lands they cultivate and independent mechanics, too proud of their own liberty to sell their services to any tnan on other conditions than those of perlect equality both as citizens and men. We intended to finish our views of general principles and results connected with tariff taxation, in this number but find it will take another to show how it diminishes consumption, thus impairing the farmer's general market, cuts off revenue in the end, thereby producing additional taxation, and tends, as it were, to shut our people up in a workshop, secluded from the world, to toil for a few capitalists, destined in the end to be the masters of them and their posterity.

KendaWs Expositor. Mr. Botts's Articles or Impeachment against Mr. Tyler. Tbe following articles of impeachment against Mr.

Tjler.are published in the National Intelligencer, as intended to have been of fered by Mr. Dotts the other day in the House of Representatives, if he had found time for the purpose. He, however, expended so much time in talking, that he had none left for reading his articles of impeachment 1st. I charga John Tyler with a gross usurpation of power and violation of law, in attempting to exercise a controlling liilluence over tne accounting officers of the Treasury Department, by ordering the payment of accounts 1 hat had been by them rejected, and threatening hem with expulsion from office unlets his orders were obeyed. 2d.

I charge him with being guily of a high minle meanor in retaining men in office for months after tbey have been rejected by the Senate as unworthy, incompetent, and unfaithful, lo the great detriment of the public interests, and hazard tf loss to the public Treasury; the Uovernmeut having ao security for the faithful an-plication of the public funda passing tliroueh their handa, and he ibereby defeating that provision of tbe Constitution which requires the advice and consent of the Senate to ail notnina'ions made by the President. 31. 1 charge him with gnws official misconduct in attempting, in a spirit of revrngo, for a constitutional exercise of power by the Senate, in ibo rejection of one of hi notninnrs to office, to removr a large number of faithful and merriiorioua subordinate officers from the Cue-lom-hnuaei Philadelphia, with whom no fault was found save that of a supposed political preference for another, and who had discharged their duties with entire satisfaction to the collector of customs, and for attempting to substitute in their siead mrn having no other recom-mendatiou than that of a supposed acquiescence in his views. 4i h. I charge bim with the high crime and aaisde-meanor of endeavouring lo excite a disorganizuut and revolutionary spirit in the country, by inviting a diaro-gard of, and diaobedience to, a law of Congress, which law he has himaelf sworn in aeo faithfully executed.

6th I charge him with the high crime and misde-meaonr in office of withholding his assent lo laws indispensable to the operations of government, involving no conatituiional difficvlty on hir part of depriving the government ff all legal sources of revenue of assuming to himself the whole power ol taxation and of collecting duties from our citizens without ibo authority or sanction of law. 6 h. 1 chargo him with Iho high crime and misdemeanor of open prostitution aud profligacy in a willing-ncss lo barter away the offices Government, and the principles he profe aed, to obtain the support of one of the parties in Congress towbkh be has heretofore been opposed. 7ih. I charge I im with gross oincial mitcooduct ia aving been guilty of a aliaineleet duplicity, equivocation, anil falsehood with his lata Cabinet and Congress such as has brought him into disgrace and contempt with tho whole American people, which has disqualified him from administering government with advantage, honor, or virtue.

8u. I chargo him with an arbitrary and despotic abuse of the veto power, to gratify bis personal and political resentment, with such evident marks ef inconsistency and duplicity as Irave no room to doubt his total disregard of tho inlcrests of the people and of his duly lo the country. 'Jth. I charge him with thehigh misdemcaitorofarray-ins hiniseM in open hostility to the legislative department of the Government, by the pub'icatien cf slanderous and libellous letters under bis own signaturr, with a view of eating a false and unmerited for himself, and bringing Congress into disrepute and odium with the people, by which means that harmony between the Kx-ecuuve and Legislative departments, ao essential to good government and the welfare of the people, has been utterly destroyed. loth.

I charge him with an abandonment of an acknowledged conatituiional duty, in refusing to render such aid to the consti'nled authorities of Rhode Island, when called on, as he had himself previously promised in his teller toGov. King, as a sacred conaliuitional obligation rssiing upon him. 1 1th. I charge him with pin suing such a course of vacillation and weakness, and folly, as must, if he is permitted to remain longer at the head of tho Government, bring the country into dishonor and disgrace abroad, and force tho people into a state of abject misery and distress at nome. 12ih.

I charge him with being utterly unworthy and ur.fit to have the destinies of this nation in bis hands as Chief Magistrate, and with havirg brought upon the Representatives of the people the imperions necessity of exercising their constitutional prerogative of impeachment, or of surrendering the Government to him to be used aa a plaything and a toy, for his sport on the ono hand aad his malignity en the other. CORONER'S OFFICIO. Dtatkb) StranguUtin. The Coroner on Thursday evening held an inquest at No. 46 James street, on the body of James G.

H. Lyon, the child who came to its death bv swallowing a copper nail. Verdict, death from strangulation. Dtath Jnm Conrutxptio. A Ita, at the corner of Cross and Anthony streets, on the body of a colored woman, named Adelia Telas, agd 21 years, born in the slate of Rhode Island.

She had been in bad health for nearly four years, but had no regular physician, and ied between 12 and 1 o'clock, P. M-, of Wednesday. Verdict, death from consumption. The Hagerstown Herald of Freedom states that on tbe evening of the Sth, the wife of Mr. Jonathan Grosb, residing on the Conococbeague creek.

near the Turnpike bridge, in that county, was killed by lightning. The Pittsburg American states that Bird, who was convicted of having murdered his wife by setting fire to her, has been sentenced to 12 years imprisonment. We are indebted to the officers of the steamboat Cleopatra, and to Adams' Express, for Boston papers of yesterday also, to Beech er's Express, for New Haven papers. y' Cabs. This very convenient vehicle is about to be introduced in the city of Baltimore, The commencement of the Illinois College, at Jacksonville, took place oa the 29th ult.

Gradu ates, six. Yi Fatal. AccroBirr. This morning as Her. Seth Bliss, Secretary of the Tract Society, was sitting in a chaise, on Lewis's wharf, with his son, a lad about 5 or years old, and his wife's aister, the horse took fright, ran round the corner and threw them all out.

The boy's head struck the ground and he was instantly killed. Mr. Bliss and tbe la- dyjwere severely, though, it is believed, not danger ously ine cnaise waa aaaocu au 10 i pite.Botto Transcript, July 15. a TWO O'CLOCK. Correspondence of the Evening Post.

Washihgton, July i 3 o'clock. P. M. Mr. Moore moved to suspend the rales to enable him to submit a proposition for the protection of the Revenue from the Irauds thereon, which would be committed by the smuggling of goods through Texas.

If his motion were entertained, he would express his views fully upon it to the House. The motion was lost. The House went into committee on the Revenue Tariff bill. Mr. Fillmore moved to amend the bill by striking out the duty proposed on coal, and inserting one dollar and seventy-five cents a ton.

Mr. Roosevelt opposed this motion, and made an earnest argument against it, as barbarous, oppressive of tha poorer classes of the v. of New-York, for the benefit not of the reven but of the proprietors and lessees of the Pennsylvania coal mines. He moved to amend the amendment, by striking out $1 75 per ton, and inserting twenty-five cents a ton. This motion was lost.

Mr. Mc-Keon moved to amend the amendment, by striking out $1 75, and inserting 12 i cents, and spoke with much energy in support of this reduction, but without effect. Mr. Fillmore then moved to abolish the drawback proposed in the bill to be allowed on coal im ported and used by Atlantic steam vessels. Mr.

Roosevelt resisted this proposition also, but it was adopted. At 12 o'clock, the debate ceased according to order, and tbe Committee proceeded to vote an amendments offered, without debate. The Senate have, as yet, donenobusiness to-day. A bill was taken up to provide for the compilation and printing, under the direction of the Secretary of State, of a stereotype edition of the public laws of tbe United States now in force. This bill has been debated some hours, and passed.

The fund for the payiueet of the mileage and compensation of members of Congress became ex hausted and used up this day. A new estimate and appropriation for the remainder of the session, must be made. There is a strong talk of a war with Mexico, to obtain payment of the claims of American citizens, provided for by a convention with Mexico. There will be a bill reported for the payment of the claims by the government, and payment will be demanded from Mexico and enforced. Should we declare war, aud permit ths "tumultuary population" of the Mississippi to invade Mexico, they would, doubtless, soon overrun and conquer the country.

According to Mr. Sevier, our people are fond of money and of fighting; acd are prone to turn their attention to war, in times when they are belter employed in making money But for this enterprize, the west has long been ready. X. Sentence or Charles Mitchell. The ex- Honorable Charles F.

Mitchell, who was convicted in December last, of forgery ia the 2d degree, was brought into court and placed at the bar for sentence, his aged mother being in attendance. When addressed by the court, he said that he wished to put tho court in possession of the facts of the ease pertaining to his advent hither, and for time to arrange his affairs and those of his family previous to the passing of sentence. He stated that he went to Zanesv tile, Ohio, to earn some money for himself and family by embarking in business there, where some anxiety was felt for his fate. That with what little he had, he began business in his own name, without disguise advertised his business, and wrote to and sent his advertisements to the Recorder and Judge Noah, advising them where he-was. That having no money to pay the expense of arguing the bills of exceptions, he went I here to earn some, believing the argument would proceed as well in his absence- Tnat he set out from Ohio to come on hither, and was arrested on the way in Philadelphia, and brought here by process of law.

That he only wished for abrief delay to arrange his affairs, and was more anxious than any living man to see the end of this matter. I ask it only, said he, as a matter of simple justice. His Honor, the Recorder, addressed the prisoner, stating that the court were compelled to deny his request, as this was the last of the term, but that they would allow him ample time after sentence and before he was sent to the state prison, to arrange his affairs for his family. His Honor then, after remarking that he had no disposition to harass the feelings of the prisoner by any fresh observations adverted with much feeling and eloquence to the former education and elevated standing of the convicted man, and the height from which he had fallen by the crime he had committed, on hich he briefly commented. That ia consideration of his aged, respectable and afflicted mother, and his affectionate though broken-hearted wife, whose representations had been heard, and which had their due influence the court would not inflict the highest penalty of the law upon him.

He was thereupon sentenced lo the state prison for three years, and left the court, his venerable mother following her degenerate son to prison, to bid him farewell. Journal of Commerce. Tub Goldew Harvest. Our farmers are now in the height of their Wheat and Rye harvest, and never wan there such a promise of so rich and abundant a yield as the present season aflords. With very few exceptions the crops in this neighborhood may he considered first rale.

In the county of Cumberland, the great valley presents one of the most picturesque scenes the eye ever beheld. It is in fact a perfect Elysium, and those who reside in our large citiee have but a very imperfect idea of the beauty and fertility ot the country within an hundred miles of them. Keystone. Crops itvKHnEssxic The Naslvrille Whig of the 7th says that crops in that State were never larger or more flourishing than at present. From all parts of the state the most cheering accounts are received, especially with reference to the great staples of cotton, tobacco and The planting has been unusually large, and the yield promises to be abundant.

Some injury was done to tbe small grain by the late heavy rains, and the eflect has been to postpone, and perhaps curtail the wheat crop; but this drawback will not, it is supposed, be seriously felt. Regatta A boat race, said to be the first race of the kind in our harbor, came off afternoon, between East Boston and Chelsea. Six boats entered on the first trial, and four on the second. A sixteen oared boat from the United States ship Ohio, and a six oared boat from the In dependence, were among the competitors. The latter was the successful boat, coming out ahead botn on the first and second trials.

Boston Cow. Phillips's Rkach. The extreme heat of tbe last few days has driven many of our people to this famous watering-place, where Kosewell is on hand with his boats and fishing-tackle, and extended sea On the morning of the 12th, a party of eight went out from his house at seven and returned at nine o'clock, with 1S7 haddock, 23 cod I (four of which weighed over 60 lbs.) 1 halibut of 125 68 mackerel, 21 whiting or silver fish, and large hake a big haul, by St. Peter I and we dont call that anything great down here." Bos ton fosl. Th ExAMOTATKMr OF THB PRISONERS has been concluded, after nearly two week's patient and laborious investigation.

Of the number examined, about two-thirds have already been released. Providence Courier. Horseshoes are now manufactured at Troy, on a vety extensive scale, by machinery. The Troy Whir cava that straight bars 01 iron era iransioim- ed into horseshoes, grooved and punched, at Ida rate of fifteen per minute. Mr.

Henry Burden is tbe author of the invention. Waters or thb Pavilion ForjitrAnr. We refer ourreadeis to the advertisement of Gassnerfe Young, No. 132 Chatham street, agents for tha sale of tbe water of the pavilion fountain at Sara toga. It is put up in such a manner as to preserve its effervescing quality and its grateful flavor.

The New York Observer has the following article on the subject: Fatilkm Xraiita WaTaa. Thousands are totally unac quainted with the medicinal properties of mineral sprint; water, and many iaipata them to artinc al infusions. Crili-cal analysis shows this water to contain Brommo, a recent discovered mineral, and a powerful alterative Oxide of Ires, a tmicof tha bmm subtle, haalthful, aad Invigorating kind Soda aa Cesamiiatioai with ChlsMiave, Carhoa aad lo-dine fotaaaa with Breasiaa Lime end Magnesia with i Carbon and alj suspended ia that gas which gives to every UlUSg SS HlUi the taste, refreshes the spirits, aad stimulate every func- tioa ol the bodv kindly bat efficiently. Tba ravibea wa ter has only to be known to become at eaeo th substitute tnr winaa. finuoea.

aadaueu usas of all aorta, to family as darine: tha sumaser seaaasu The savaiid will Sod in it a rat eable friend, aad the ktvered paaient a oaohng drink. 1 have aed thia water at different times aaaoa Its aieeovei and have ae hesitation in saying that we consider it superior to any other we have over used. BAjrutTPT AFrucATiojrs. -Petitions were pre sented to the District Court Friday, by the following persons, who are to be declared bankT Tuple Paulo Joaqulm TigTteira, ef KoeevIIle, sUahmoad ooaa- ty.N.T-, Merchant. jamas i.

new xoxa, nsu urocer. 3 WN teoinU liil ttl Us twrtlM iMU far US tailaUa, rraa Na.l Attar KaaHL arktak la Utorail rtahBaetaeadeaeteerbteh wsaMf vealare SS Sa tHe attoauc aC every IWy wkeoeelees a (rettta! sas HnetsaH wash for tat eoar-Uaart, eavl at Ike aaa tin a aelteletat aas arable fane. Tats It the Oriental Water af Go 14 a very appropriate alma, by the way, we abaoM Jn4ce -to tbe appaojeojoo ef tbe water ia qoeottom. aa4 om Which every ieiividaal who would yeiiim aa taneeiatt am4 exqui-Ke ab for the neck aixl faca wnU do wall to re- bor. ltaiay be bad alae at71Maidea laa.

A yeanr reatltaian, eon of R.M. Main, Can, one of um obleat BBdnoat reepectabie citixona at Albany, laat aiahair fioaa Coaatoek at Go. and baa bo a bead ooaaplotoly aw. 7w fau sowing eropof hair that eorla aeaat beeo-tirullT. Tbmk ol thia, Young aej who worship loaf lacks ao mock, and apply at No.

7 1 alaidea lane, where only the tnie SaUem Buy bo had. The proprirters aboarotel far- on any maait or thie kind to be aiade. aaleas trae the -letter. Facta are enftVjMti. article to require the Sctrtiooa aboarditios reaortad to by etaen to savetara these.

We only eppeal to the lanaa ewd yeodaeaaeof taUUigent people, aad want a paifwaoffa PP'waoto aro aVtaaeital or fale UmaalTea that they eaapoet any auteaaat we naae pin, low own aracter. Kwm WtU. That several poreona have been bapoeod apoa by a 1 rable counterfeit of thia article, aad ia will bo aaiiieaai future to sea that the name of Co stork Ca. ia k-1 tie, and that it is procured at No. 71 Maidea lane, Maw a COMMERCIAL.

Liverpool. Loeoon. LATEST DATES. Jane IS I Havre. Now Orb IT Memey Market.

sUTcaaar, Jolj IS. No one can expect mack busiaeas at this tisaa and, ha tact, there Is less doing at pros sat, than at say ether period of theyeer. Bat area tha season is not entirely aajftolaa to acesant for the sHllBaas that prevails. It ia gnateTthaai -tba shrewdest anticipated. The eonseqaeoea is that asany parsons, especially a axing the nail traders, who had ex pected greater activity, are new beg inning to isel tha effects ol too large calculations.

The depreciation In goods whira has takea place sine the spring business commenced, has eaased a waat ef cost- fidmce to exist at present among btisinaas mea. The sea-porter, the jobber, tha commission aaerchant, are diatrmst- ful. They backward and hesitating la trade. The -banks alo, and tha capitalists are distrustful, aad as a aoa- loans of the oaa era contracted to a aaaell scale, and mack of the means of tha other are idle. Thii daprecialion, however, has reached tba lowest stey.

and aome articles are already beginaieg aa scorns avare buoyant. There still mains aa apprahansloe aa to the manoer in which contracts will be falflUad which were made some time sinee. Whea this has passed sway, a chief causa of tba distrust will be gone. There is also a timidity, respecting the paper of the ooastrj banks, existing. This ceneea whaaatver at Bases its way to the city, to be immediately returned homo; sad, as a consequence, tbey are obliged lo limit their line efdis- counts, and tho country dealer Bnds maoh diflkalty Im -masting his engagements.

The recerrt of tha coaaiag crop will, however, bring the city in debt to the ceuatry, and diminish this embarrass saeat. Tho relations of this city throughout the country generally, are so extensive and intimate, that aa lmprof am oat or derangement ef the business of any portion ef at is sure to be felt here. And while tha south aad treat tolerate such rotten bsnks, their trade kcre is greatly reduced, and eonductod en very unequal terms. Besides, the mean, that -are collected here, are calculated to be ample for a successful business with the whole country. Whan, there-1 fore, a portion of that business ia cut off, a portion of thsaa means must lie idle, er seek a new channel.

The aspect ofthings, ia this respect, is Improving. Haeuxsptioa aaa already taken placa in Missouri, and also ia Tennessee, em small sums. In Virginia, tha middle of September is Axed upon for it to commence, aad lt ill be sustaiaed. Ia Lea- sn exceedingly artificial bank law was pasisd ky the last Legislature, which requires resumption en the thirtieth of September. All the benefits af its provisions might have beea obtained by a simple act of one asrtmr requiring psyment or liquidation.

Boanmptiaa auaaar at waa tnUcipated and failed, and if it succeeds in Sept amber, it will be because liquidation is the oaly alternative, la Alabama, Mississippi, Illinois, and Michigaa, no ieciaive movement haa bean made. The accounts of tha crops in all parts ef the country, are exceedingly favorable. The eons crap, however, ef thia State and the Eastern States, haa beea materially af- fectad by tha late frosts, and still continaeaTery backward. The mat has shown itself ia tha wheat ia Virginia, Maryland, and Michigan, but no apprehensions are felt en this account Flattering anticipations, oa the whole, from this quarter are at present entertained, and it can ha Boost dearly scan that the true source of oar wealth is ear aeiL Be that whatever embarrassment we may get ours aires into the application of industry to oar soil, and tha practice ef economy, and withal, and above all, the exercise of atriet, integrity is sure to bring us out. CoxatcaciAi.

Arraiaa. The following table ex hikits the amount of circulation of the banks of this stale, at the dates annexed January 1, 1834,......, January 1, 1835....... January 1, 1836, January 1, 1837,. June January 1633, May 14 January 1, 1839 January 1, 1840, January 1, 1841, January 1, 1642, The variations were 3 60 108 so 10 40 33 3 SS DO 60 in 100 SO 100 so 400 440 60 3S 100 do do do do de do do do do do da do do do do do do do do do do do de do do do do de do do do da. do do oo.

Bank of America. United States Bank. Farmers Loan. do do. do do Ohio Trust.

Btaningtoa. Canton Co Mohawk KB do do. do do ratarsen. 16,19908 24,198,000 15,422,127 12,432,478 ......19,373,149 16,372,692 20,588,123 'From Jan. 1834 lo Jan.

1635, 9 per cent. oWeoM. Froaa Jan. 1835 to Jan. 1836 30 per cent, taereaar.

Front Jan. 1836 lo Jan. 1S37, 14 per cent, taeraaa. From Jan, 1837 lo June 1837, 36 per cent, eteerea. From June IS37 to Jaa.

1838, IS per cent, tttrms From Jaa. 1838 to Jaa. 1839, SS per eeat. iaerea From Jaa. 1839 lo Jan.

1840V 15 per cent, decrease. From Jaa. 1840 to Jan. 1841, 25 per coat, raotase. from Jan.

1841 to Jan. 1842, 28 per cent, rfacreoar. According lo returns received from some of tbe banks, it was estimated that the circulation was, is the month of May, reduced to about eleven millions, or, ia other words, Uiat it bad sustaiaed a further reduction o( about 26 per cent, in the first four months of ike present year. Every variatioa in the quantitf of currency, (other thiegs remaining the same,) causes a corTRspoading variatioa ia its value. Tho extent of variatioa ia the quantity, and consequently in tha vales of our currency, that has takea place in Ibo last sevea or eight years, will appear ia a mote sti iking light, if we lake, ia some instances, wider ialcrvels thaa are givea above.

The variations were From Jan. 1835 to Jaa 1837, 49 per cent, aaweaae. From Jaa. 1837 to Jaa. 1834, 48 per cent, decrease.

From Jan. 1838 to Jan. 1839, 65 par cent, fiureaac. From Jan. 1839 to May 1842, 43 per cent, deereoss.

Every increase of currency, (other things beings the same,) raises prices, encourages speculation, and ia- -creases the facility of paying o)d debta. cry diminution of tbe currency, om the other bead, (other things being the same,) can, so prices to fait, dampens enterprise, increases tbe difficulty of paying old debts, and by breaking up many productive establish-men Is, deprives mulutodes of men of employment. A man, fur example, who bought a honse or made any other purchase in Jaa. 1835, and paid for it in Jan. 1837, though he gave the precise aaraaier 0 dollars he prom' acd, gave only half tie eat the setter expected to receive.

Bat if he tude a purchase ia Jan. 1837, aad paid tor it in Jan. 1P3S, he nearly deubUd tht value he engaged lo give. A debt incurred ia Jan. 1338 could be discharged in Jan.

1839, with less thaa half th value would have token to discharge it a week after was contracted. On the other hand, if a man incurred a debt ia Janu ary 1839, aad deferred payment of it till May 1842, he would find the difficulty of discharging nearly daubttd. Such is the nature of fa system. Aad be it remembered that during tbe seven of the eight years oeahncctd in our table tht bank uxrt payimg rrxois. DtvnHD The Vtira and Schenectady Jtailroed have I declared dividend ef SSpor share, payable to stavkholaV er ia, this city, at tha Phraix Bask en tbe 1st ef August.

FEKKsTLVAMi-The bills to extend the charter ef the Farmers' Fank of Bucks county, and tbe charter of Far-mors' and Mechanics' Bank of Philadelphia, severally Pass ed Committee of the whole. The bill providing fore stay of one ear on exeentiena, passed second and thirl readings, in the 'Senate, aad was sent to the Houw for ooucarrence. U. S. Gss.

alee at Use aUoelt Kicksags July 10. 1 shares Delswere and Hudson. 8S do do. Auburn Long Island RR do do Harlem UK. do do do do do do do do de do 000.

do lee i 100 Indiana Sterling WW 1U1BOM BnSBKVS 10RO New York 7-, 1S48. looe no. SB aOOO Kentucky 1000 do do do. JSiW 84: lad at': a so 2 S7 SI 1 see OO-. bXd do.

9m SO, SjM m.s; 30 a SO sax p. i ft tl all- at "I The stock market rraainsm the most langasd eeadibSu aad price are atill receding movexoeat ia Barlme Is very fickle. There does aot appear any thtog to eeetsia Jus market at present, but tha purrhaaes by these wa are ahort it opened at SjOj.snd closed dnU at ISA, Indian sad Illinois improved par oaat; DeOawanlUll parcant. 1 tt r. 'i.