The Washington Union from Washington, District of Columbia • 2

WASHINGTON CITY. 4. I8a? UuHlueu Outlet. Am the of ihe I'uion eeiabUmhiucot, in view of the propositi change hi will be cuuductca eU ictiy ou a umh all ms for the collect too of MubftcrlpttoiiH for the Union are Uibcou fttauW -limiUi be made to Agents al'u-i I dale, ex AA.pt to who authors Ui make collvcUoiu 1 tu lie la are, Maryland, and Virginia. Wahuinotom, March id, I The foregoing notice Is not intended toincludo any or iwikctore that vinplny or have heretofore employed iu this oily, but Ib iou uiil) mint have porioi uted euch service iu other of the country.

Ap I AND CLAIMS IN CALIFORNIA. I It well known to our that large quauti- of laud iu California are claimed private iudi- under real or pretended, from the i' I Aif i I i 1 it'll in I Hit I litiOlil C( ililliii.s I sioiiers was appointed to investigate these claims, 1 and to decide which of them were holiest and which fraudulent. The law gave a right to the government and to the claimant to appeal from the decision of i the commissioners, tirst to the district court of Tali fornia, and thence to the Supreme Court at Wash- I iugton. A close investigation of the cuses has shown that, while some of them are genuine, a very large proportion are the basest frauds that have ever been committed since the beginning of the world. The most valuable iunds on the globe, in 1 quantities varying from eleven to thirty-three leagues, have been claimed 011 titles manifestly forged and fabricated.

The number of false witnesses who sustain these forgeries by their oaths is not large, for the moral character of the general population there is as high us any oilier in the world. Hut, few as they are, they can furnish any amount of perjury "which a given state of the market may require. These frauds, forgeries, and perjuries were so very artful, and some of tliein so inconceivably bold, that Very many passed through the commission, and some of them through the district court, without deloc- 1 tion, under the lute administration. Mr. Cusliing's great ability was exerted with untiring energy to ex- pose and defeat them, lie left behind him, when 1 he went out of ollice.

a vast amount of material which lias since been used. fcjoon after Mr. Iiuelmtiaii came into power the TIJIIICIJL UUICIIIJII1CU IU Utttj tUu? i in defending its own property, and that of its honest citizens, against tlie wholesale plunder with which it I was threatened by these infamous miscreants. In February last Mr. Kdwin M.

Stanton was sent out as special counsel. The selection was most judicious i and fortunate. As a mere lawyer Mr. Stanton is one of the foremost men in America, liut, in addition to i this, lie is honest as steel, as true to his duty as the needle to the pole, and has an energy to which re- i taxation is almost pain. For such a service it was I not possible to lind another man in the Union "whose i blood and judgment were so well commingled." When ho arrived at San Francisco and commenced the investigations, tlio parties were amazed at his audacity.

Uniting to his boldness and fidelity a proper degree of prudence, he followed the tracks of every fraud, and started one after another of those obscene birds from the prey it was gorging. Nearly all of them are now upon tlio wing circling around his head, and screaming at liini with a hatred per- 1 t'ectly natural. The Mexican records and documents relating to land titles wore scattered in leaves and separate papers all over the State. Mr. Stanton gathered tlieni up, bound them together in nearly four hundred folio and put them in such a condition that any more interpolations is a thing impossible, and even perjury concerning them is almost harmless.

Mr. Stanton was aided in all his diligent, and faithful attorney of 'l'IL the United States, (Col. Delia Torre, than whoever there is not a more learned lawyer on an lionester man, or a botXV them, in soiuc of the cases, Mr. Randolph joined, llis sound judgment, far-seeing sagacity, feivid eloquence, and chivalrous temper made worthy to be the associate of Stanton and Delia Jf Torre. The famous cases of Leinantour (seven in number) wore entitled to the earliest attention.

One of thorn covered nearly the whole city of San Francisco? i 1-. oroliablv ten millions oj dot IpUDUC v. j- and private property estimated at twenty-five millions more. The ingenuity of this ouornious fraud was equalled only by the vast labor and transcendent skill with which it was exposed. When the hearing came on, Messrs.

Stanton aud Delia Torre so completely smashad tho whole of its stupendous machinery that its advocates were covered with shame and confusion of face. Tho New Almeden Company was a combination of foreigners, ilritish and Mexican, who fraudulently laid claim to a quicksilver mine in Santa Clara couuty, and got actual possession of it. It was the richest mine in tho world. These liritish aud Mexican plunderers made a profit of one million per annum during the eight years they had it. Stanton and Delia Torre incontinently dragged thorn into the district court, compelled them to allow their title, and then proved it to be utterly corrupt.

The court granted an injunction against tho company, and their profits have ceased. California contains a multitude of mercenary ecrib -i nt. the service of anybody that I biers, WIUISO puuo will pay for tlicm. In its present ex tremity the Almeda Company pays As might be expected, these hireling slanderers abuse Mr. Stanton, arid the administration which employed him, with all tluur feeble might.

They dare not deny tho forgery which their masters have committed, hut thoy insist that it was wrong in the government to tuko advantage of it. Thoy have impudence enough even to ask for public sympathy ou tho ground that eight millions of dollars, which this corrupt company has already received, is not a reward large enough U) pay them for fabricating a false title. They hope tho rs of the country will make common cause with and warn all who in possession without a pat- out from the United States iljjit tbey may be treated in the same way. We speak by tits book when we assure the miners of California that their aro lot regarded by the government as bearing any re. tfnblauce to tliat of the Company.

A man who settles upon tho public domain, actum (pledging the title of the United States, ami claiming pnly i.y his occupancy, is honest as his neighbor and entitled to protection. To put such men in the sume category with tlionC who falsely deny the title of the government, and claim ib'T themselves a UiU atdeb ihey never got from Mexico, is insult i'n bo borne, uiid we hope there in not a miner in laliforuia who is dull enough not to see uud feel it an insult. T1IK PACIFIC KAILBOAD. There aro many considerations connected with this tjrea'. measure calculated to lix the attentiou of the public mind.

All must perceive that the road iu a work not only of great national utility iu a oomiuerial and business point of view, but of ubuolute ne ssity as connected with the iiuiuediate operations rf the goveriuneut. It lcihl Lffti allkniiiitutr ittul iliut tin ut atom af im. lal ofences for the United States can bo cither lomplete or efficient without a railroad to the Public. No other means of couummication will secure he necessary celerity in the transportation of kupitiea and munitions of war. Moreover, the exist" of audi a work in a great security against war.

IV have alroudy incurred expense and liability in lie suppression of insurrection in Utah and Indian lepredutiona in Oregon and Washington Territories lufiicient in amount to constiuct a railroad to the Pacific. Had this work been commenced seven years igo, as it should have been, such would have been he intiux of American settlers and ritles into that ogion, that these coutticta never would have thus saving both treasure and loss of human ife. It is obvious that the theatre of another war on and between this country aud any power possessing luificicnt navy to embark in it would be transferred the shores of the Pacific. There are many considerations to produce such a result. The main region between the coast range and the ocean, from ian Diego to I'uget Hound, a distance of near lifeen hundred miles in length, aud averaging at least hundred miles in depth, is a rich agricultural listrict, abounding in supplies and tempting booty.

Kast of this tract of country are mountains aboundng in gold fields and rich mines for nearly the whole i.stance. It would be eusy for an enemy to effect landing at several of the tine harbors on this coast, now comparatively unfortified. Once in possession if the country, it would bo very difficult to dislodge thcin. By seizing on the mines, and especially on the extensive quartz mills already in operation, and in the process of erection, England or Franco would from the mines revenue sufficient to defray the cost of the war. In the mean time, the isthmus routes would ull be closed, and every port ou the Pacific, not iu the actual possession of the enemy, in stato of blockade.

Nor would a movement of this sort be limited to our own possessions on the Pacific. Either with or without the approbation of the Mexican government, it would embrace in its operations ull the northern States of Mexico and the portp iti Lower California id Sonora. It cannot disguised that the whole Pacific coast is at this moment a most tempting prize to any powerful and ambitious ruler. At present this government has 110 adequate means of defending it? Pacific possessions. With the isthmus closed, and its own ports on the Atlantic and Pacific blockaded, it would have no way of relieving California and Oregon except by a long, tedious, and expensive overland march.

The difficulties attending such a movement are properly appreciated and have often been alluded to by the officers of the army. It would bo almost impossible to find in the interinc1' i country, after leaving the luo Orande.Jiw? at and forage sufficient to sustain army. It would bo a march osffx months to encounter an enemy ul1 amply supplied and in full possession of the country. Mr. Davis, while at the head of the War Oltice, in his report upon this subject, said most pertinently and ably In the first ycurs of a war with any great maritime power the communication by sea could not be relied upon for the transportation of supplies from the Atlantic to the States.

Our naval peace establishment would not furnish adequate convoys for the number of storeshipe which it would be necessary to employ and storeships alone, laden with supplies, could not undertako a voyage of 20,000 miles, passing numerous neutral ports, where an enemy's armed vessels, even of the smallest size, might lie in wait to intercept them. The only line of communication, then, would be overland and by this it would be impracticable, with any means heretofore used, to furnish the amount of supplies required for the defence of the Pacific frontier. At the present prices over the best part of this route the expense of land transportation alone for the annual supplies of provisions, clothing, camp equipage, and ammunition for such an army ns it would be necessary to maintain there, would exceed $20,000,000 and to maiiituin troops nnil carry on defensive operations under mose circumstances iho expense per man would lie six times creator than it is now tlje land transportation of each field twelve-pounder, witji a due Supply of ammunition for one year, would cost $2,500 of each twenty-four pounder and ammunition, $0,000 and of the sea-coast gun and ammunition, $12,000. The transportation of ammunition for a year for one thousand sea-coast guns would cost $10,000,000. But the expense of transportation would be vastly increased by a war and at the rates that were paid on toe frontier during the lust war with Great Britain the above estimates would be trebled.

The time required for the overland Journey would lie from four to six months. In point of fact, howover, supplies for such an uruiy could not be transported across the continent. On the arid and liarren belts to he crossed the limited quantities of wuter and grass would soon lie exhausted by the numerous draught animals required for heavy trains, ami over sucli distances forage could not carried for subsistence." Every statesman must bo impressed with the fact ihat from the exposed and isolated situation of California, Oregon, and Washington, they are exposed to constant danger from the policy and ambition of the British government, and have, therefore, tho right to demand adequate means of defence. Tljie polling can effect so cheaply and with such efficiency ns railroad, over which large bodies of troops can be moved with rapidity. It will occur readily to every statesman that the I'aejjic region is separated from the rest of the Union by fibrins of mountains and arid deserts, and without any very strong identity of interests with the other States.

At present its commerce is almost us convenient to London and Havre us to New York. It is a country abounding not only in minerals, hut in all products calculated to make a people feci that they aro in truth independent of othor States and nations. It is the finst wheat country in the world With labor, it could produco cotton, sugar, rice, tobacco, ami tea in great abundance. It ahoumh in the finest, timber in the world for ship-building, and all other purposes. So long as its pooplo art left without any adequate overland communica tion with A tlantio, thoy rnustbe forced to calculate tin value of tht "tpioy.

ports on the Pacific mns command the commerce with Asia ami fhff vast regior wbtch designation comprehends. An tmis pendent would cost the peoplo of tin ilje 110 more than the present arrangement, and Wtli free ports open to the commerce of the wnfld greatly enhance their material prosperity They have more than once manifested somo signs of restiveucAs under past neglect. During the progress of the late vigilance committee of Sao Francisco, an independent government was suggested, and a revolution favored by many of its prominent members and supporters. The scheme was indignantly frowned down by a people loyal to the Union. Vet it is uucessary that something should be doue to produce a greater community of interests and strengthen the houdu between the Atlantic and IV 1 cific.

Nothing can effect this but a railroad, which itmy, munication, at the same tiuie fill the intermediate country with an industrious population, dependeat, commercially and otherwise, upon the Union. The various Jilhbuiter movements that have proceeded from California have a deeper significance I than the transient ambition of a few individuals. The people of the Pacific look with uuxiety upon the probable fate of the northern Status of or Lower California, a country completely disorganized, and so sparsely populated that a well appointed force of 2,000 men would overrun and subdue the whole country. There is more danger than appears on the surface of affairs that a movement which should combine the whole of our present possessions on the Pacific, and annex to that country Lower California, and the northern States of Mexico, would he not oidy popular in itself on the Pacific, hut eminently successful. The commencement of a railroad would at once nip all these projects in the hud, and at the same tiuie strengthen the government, and unite fraternal" ly every section of the Union.

Neglect, on the other hand, of this great national duty cannot fail to produce not only alionulion in feeling, but nocessary measures of Self-preservation on the part of the Pacific States. If the vast country on the Pacific were to declare itself independent of this Uuion, open its ports free, which would send all its gold direct to Europe, adopt a peon law for Asiatic and Indian labor, and thus embark in the growth of cotton, sugar, ice, and tobacco, it would produce a revolution in American commerce und prosperity to which the history of the world affords 110 parallel. And yet all this is not only practicable, but of easy solution and accomplishment. Let our statesmen, then, elevate themselves above the miserable factions of the day, and secure, while in their power, the great interests of a vast empire. It is the interest of all political parties to put this question out of the way at the present session of Congress.

We predict that the party that blunders in relation to it is wrecked for the next ten years. It is a question which cannot ho controlled by the politicians. The republican and American parties are obnoxiously committed to The democratic party took strong ground in favor of the measure in the Cincinnati Convention of 1856. President Buchanan avowed himself its champion in the canvass of 1856, and has not failed in every annual message to Congress to urgo its consummation upon the federal legislature. It is too late, therefore, for either of the great political parties to tamper with the "A 1 i ffXU- ject, or evado tho issue dodge.

Presidential dig thcir gi.iv i a of the Pacific railroad. It is certain to pass along, and it will not be pleasant to have their enemies pointing out their tomb-stones from the cars of the first through-train. It is well known that Mr. Wilson and several of his republican associates voted against tho road in the lust session of Congress. The result of the recent California election shows how their course was appreciated in that State.

It is a common subterfuge to avow friendship for a measure, and yet always denounce the particular provisions of any bill that can be presented. Wo think the time has gone by when a member of Congress can pursue that course, and yet palm himself off as a friemd of the measuro. The road cannot go to every man's house or through every member's district. Neither can any bill, in all its details, entirely satisfy the views of every senator and representative. Wo should have 110 legislation on any subject if every project of a law was required to contain that measure of unanimity.

AORIGIJLTUKAL DIVISION OF THE PATENT OF FICK. It is elsewhere noted in our columns that a convention of agriculturists has mot in this city in compliance with an invitation from the Commissioner of Patents. Jf, is understood that this measure has been adopted in conformity with the purposo expressed in tho late report of tho Secretary of the Interior "to elevate agricultnro, so essential to our wealth and prosperity as a nation, at least to an equality with other pursuits." 1 Of ACCEI'MAECE FROM MR. LETCHER. Wasiiinutux, I).

Dec. 24, Oknti.ksiks 1 have received your letter of the Uth informing me that, "at a convention of the democratic State-rights repuhlicnn party, which recently assembled in the city of Petersburg," I was "nominated as their candidate for the oflico of governor of Virginia." With a grateful appreciation of the honor thus conferred upon me by my democratic fellow-citizens, through their representatives in convention assembled, I accept the nomination. On the subject of national politics it is hardly necessary for mc to say more than that I have becu identified with the "democratic htate-rjghts republican party" from my youth to the present tinpe. Honestly convinced that the prjncjplcs of the party ape sound, national, and conservative, and Mptiijlled that its npainfeipupoe and success are essential to the preservation of tire flnion nnd the rights of tho Status, I have uniformly advocated jts measures and policy, both as a private citizen and a represent atlve of the people. My on the suhjoct of State Internal improvements were communicated to the convention prior to tho nomination hy Mr.

Garland, of Ctllpeper county, and it in duo to him and myself that I should hern reiterate them. I have ever advocated a liberal and enlightened policy, believing such improvements indispensable to the development of tiio wealth and resource! of the State, and to tho advancement of the prosperity of the people 1 desire, therefore, to sco the luuling lines now in progress pushed as rapidly as practicable to completion. lateral lines will follow the completion of the main liues In i proper time, as the necessities of the several localities i shall require their construction. In granting rights of way, or in projecting new improvements, some regard 1 should be had to the general system which tho State lias adopted. These will lie faithfully and fairly cari ried out.

i My speeches delivered iu Congress, and my letter of last summer to the editor of "The South," explain my position on the slavery question but, to avoid nil misap; prehension, I state in language distinct and emphatic that I regard the institution of domestic slavery existing in Virginia and tho other slaveliolding Slates morally, socially, and right. I trust that 1 will lie foliuy to defend the Institution, and to resist all 9 encroaehnSoilfa upOb it, gs any man iu the Common wealth. Induing tiris I.will be cefeutljiiiK and protect ingmy own and property, as Well the inter and property of my MIswsiMimw I If tlie people of Virginia shall slocb me to the posilion Ifur which 1 have nominated by thute whom you hare the honor to represent, 1 myavlf to a faithful ami impartial ol the duties ol lite othco with eolelv to the advancement of the iMOnimii ty, the protection of the rights, aud the preaai of the internets, Institutions, and honor of our noble old c. Common wealth. For the polito tortus in which you have communicated the action of the convention accept my thanks 1 aui, truly, your fellow-citiaun, JOHN LETCHEll lames Barbour, union G.

1'axton, Nat. Tyler, A. G. Pen- dleton, and John Braunon, committee. 1, Wasiumotom, December 30, Mruuuts.

Kinross several of the norlh-rn papers have confounded the untue of tite senator from Texas a with that of Matt Ward, of Kentucky, who killed Buti ler, you will please insert the enclosed slip taken from a 1 Texan paper. Meuutor Ward was a delegate from Texas to a vice presidept of the Cincinnati Convention, lie ouu of the most estimable men in or out of Texas. Very truly, 000 Hon. Matt Wahu A correspondent of the Picayune furnishes a brief notice of the life of Hun, Matt Ward, the recently senator from Texas. From this article it appears that he was born in Kllx.rt county, Georgia.

Boon after his father's family emigrated to Madison county, where ho grew up to manhood. Ho had the advantages of a good academy, where he learned the usuul branches of the English tongue and the lxitin language. 1' On coming to the uge of manhood he adopted the pro- tension of a teacher for two years; studied law was married, aud soon lost his wife, when he emigrated, in the lull of IHdli, to the republic of Texas, and settled I1 on lted river. In 1H41 he was elected to a seat in the Congress of the republic, and was re-elected for several successive yeais up to the time of its admission us a State. After annexation he was memlrer of the State senate, si In the mean time he was successful in business as a mer- chant.

He was a delegate from Texas to the Baltimore Convention that nominated Mr. Pierce also delegate to Cincinnati Convention lu 185G Col. Ward was chosen president of the demo- crutio State convention at Austin, aud presided with entire satisfaction over the debates of that tumultuous bcxly. Vt the same time he was chosen a delegate to the Nu Tonal Democratic Convention at Cincinnati that nominated Mr. Buchanan.

a HON. JOHN S. PHELPS. the N. Y.

Huiutay Atlas The gentleman whose name heads this artii le is now the chairman of the Committee of Wavs and Means ol the national House of his eminent fitness for the situation may lie known from the single fact that already, and within two weeks from the appointment of the committee, all the general appropriation bills have been reported, and two of them have passed the House, his is unprecedented, and, when it is hornc in mind that very item is well considered and compared with the estimates, the work of the committee will be seen to luive oeen arduous. Several of the committee arc gentlemen I I Lleti to their share of praise, but the business is very much regulated by the chairman. Mr. Phelps id resident of Missouri, has been for nearly fourteen years a lncmlier of Congress, and has always given a faithful anil devoted attention to the public business. 'l'ho national treasury is nearly exhausted, and, from tli oreseut appearances, it will be entirely ho but wo are much mistaken if Mr.

1'. aud his committee will not be found ready and willing to supply it from the legitimate iourccs, and in such manner as will satisfy the people of very portion of the nation, save only those whose satisfaction exists in discontent. Mr. P. is properly uppre- iated as one of the most distinguished statesmen of the cl ration, whose continuance In public life, In his ome more elevated tnd prosperity of the COURT OF CLAIMS.

Jam wry 3, 1859. In the case of the children and heirs of Dr. James j. I'liatston, the opinion of the court adverse to the laim vas delivered by Judge lllackford. Mr.

Justice Doing delivering a separate opinion concurring therein. Justice Jcarburgh dissenting. I Judge Blackford also delivered the opinion of the court ill the case of the heirs of George Yates -adverse. i Adjourned to 12, to-morrow. PERSONAL 1'AJtAGRAl'JJS.

Monsieur Beliey has published a bulky pamphlet of 178 pages on his Panama scheme, which, ho announces, ci is the herald of a bulkier work. Lieut. Strain, who died on the Isthmus, was a native of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, and was a nephew of Judge Qricr, of the IT. S. Supreme Court.

Dr. Holmes, the famous "autocrat of the breakfast l' table," has recently been delivering public lectures at Mew York, where he was treated with high considers- lion. Lord and Lady ljuiy, lion. Marshall Wilder, Hon. Sam Houston, aud Copt.

Samuel Jones, U. S. are at Willards' Hotel lnmoii, 11. K. is at the Kirk- H( wood House.

Ullinan, the opera-manager, has stopped his advertisement in the Ronton Cmrier because the editor of that paper will not a dredging-box full of compliments and 11 dust with it every musical John lvelley, the new sheriff of New York city and I 1.1 re.il....1.,. I colony, mm glieit tin wo i.uiiaxi h.im James Conner, (type-founder.) The ollico is said to be tliu most lucrative one in the United Stated. ti Horace Greeley's friends complain that he id overruled by Charles A. Dana in the New York Tribune, and made 11 to play a subordinate part when he is ostensibly the head. 1' This, it is said, may induce him to leave the Tribune and take charge of the Century.

J. W. Waicott, of Boston, who figured here as a contumacious witness, is ubout to take tip his residence in Now York, where he will devote himself to the banking and brokerage business. What became of that money" has never been ascertained. T.

F. Meagher will continence his course of lectures oil Central America at Charleston, South Carolina, about sl the 17th inst. His oonsummate powers of combining fact with fancy, and of mingling poetry with description, Jent ry one along with him as lie travels o'er again" sands and swamps, plains and mountains, cannot fail to please. Mr. Wendell Bollman, of Baltimore, is at present engaged in the island of Cuba in erecting for the Spanish 1 government nu iron suspension bridge.

He is also building upon plan of his own an immense railroad station house at Matanzas, the roof of which is supported upon the sumo principle us his bridge. llmwini is passing the winter in 1'nris, where he gives a weekly musical party Alboni, Grisi, Penoo, Prcuolinl, being his songstresses. By the way, they say Freszolinl has lost since she got back to Paris all the Yankee dol- lars she put into her pocket. "Frotu delicate attach- merit" is the enigmatical phrase used in describing the pause of Iter financial ruin. 1 lx The CountcsH Montaleiuberl (wife of the French count) is woman of distinguished grace of figure and manner, and possessed of considerable beauty that superior kind of beauty which consists of intelligence, accomplishment, and information talks freely and well speaks English 1 fluently, hut with a decided foreign acoent.

Altogether, 1 she Is a woman who would exert a strong influence over a sensible 1111x11 who loved her. She is a niece of General Fsfayette. Lieut. Andrew Jackson, U. H.

army, lias appointed asdstant tutor in Spanish at. the West Point Military Academy, lie retaining his rank This is the first Ameri- can to whom sucli a post luis been assigned, and it is said that Lieut. Juckson is 0110 of the finest Spanish is scholars in the country. He entered the army during the Mexican war, in a company of volunteers from Peters burg, Virginia, his native city. The Duke of Calabria, son of the King of Naples and 1 heir to the throne, is, according to 11 correspondent of the Courrirr tin Ktnlt now twenty-two years old, und is something of an oddity.

Few persons, even in Naples, 1 know him by sight, lie lives in a very retired way, nnd never travels, ih? only exouraiont ho has made ho far i having liecn at Qn'ta anil buck of Naples. His character 1 I in ho grave ami reflective that Iiik physiognomy would 1 announce a man of thirty rather than twenty-two yearn. 1 lie talks hut little, even with his father, but in less reserved with his mother. Ho is never presented to the 11 foreign amlwusadoni, ami only the ministers of the king doin know him The N't are curious to know if i his approaching marriage will mollify the character of the Puke of Oalsbda who may with rearon be tailed 1 tho I NKWS 13Y TKLEOHAPH. 1 te ill gt-lite by (be Ovriiuiul Mail.

Si. Louis, Jan. overland mail of the tith ult. as ariivud. The coaches brought tlx iuludiug Major Em my.

The previous accounts from the Gila gold mines we unftrmed, and there in Mid to he considerable emigration to Konoru from California. 'ilic Utah luvil of the of November brings mlitiomtl inteltigeuoe reflecting the meeting of the United district court on the 23th. It is untrue tiiat Urigium Young has been summoned to uiiswer to tho charge false Imprisonment of Gentiles, nor Una Major Crosscm, its has been reported, left for "the States." The snow on tire mountains was very deep, and the reuther severe consequently, there was great suffering (Miiiii til id anuiialb '1 he Sioux wore joining the tkguiust (he (lold lias been discovered oil small lake near Aah I lollow. Ninety dollars' wotth was collected in the ourse of a few hours by the wagon -master. From New Mexico.

St. Lotus, Jan. 3 'J'Uo New Mexico mail of the 13th as arrived. The Navajo Indiana were at the latest advices talking 11 restitution in I heir power, iu order to secure peace. The roads were very bad, owing to snow and to heavy tin.

The Yacht Auoi'HTa, Jan. 3. The cuso of the Wanderer was conjured. Dr. Duke testified that ho visited the ue rocs on Mr Monliuollin'H plantuliou, sixteen miles up lie river.

They could not sjieak Knglisli, but spoke (iitllish. He could not say they were Africans. 1'ho risouers were committed for trial Will of the l-ate II. Ellsworth. vBTtoKo, Jan.

3 late H. L. Kl Is worth cqueathedall of his property, excepting one hundred thou tud dollars, to Vale College. It is supposed that the allege will thus obtain seven hundred thousand dollars. Ntatcn Island New Yobk, Jan.

3 The military have been withravvn iromStatcn island hy order of Gov. Motgan. Financial. New Vouk. Jan.

3. Stocks are heavy -Chicago and lock Island, 59; Illinois Central shares, 08 I at ('rosso nil Milvvankic, New York Central, 84J Milwaukle ml Mississippi, 121. Markets. Nnw Yohk, Jan. is quiet sales of 800 ales; upland, 12 9-10 12 11-10.

Flour is firm 9,000 barrels State, $4 25 a $4 50 Ohio, $5 40 5 55. Wheat is iirm sales of 10,000 bushels; southin red, $1 10 a $1 20 white, $1 30 a $1 55. Corn is rm sales of 8,600 bushels mixed is hold at 78 a 80 snts white, 75 a 70.1 cents yellow, 73 a 75 cents, ork is dull new mess, $17 50 a $17 60. land is firm 1IJ a 1 A cents. Whiskey is quiet at a 25 cents, ugar is buoyant, with an advance of Orleans, a cents.

Molasses is quiet Orleans, 37 a 38 cents, pirits of turpentine is firm at 49 cents. Rosin is firm $1 55. Rice is quiet. (iLEANINGS FROM THE MAILS. i lie "uown-ciwi people are enjoying gomi eloigning, nil have housed their wheel carriages for the winter.

The oyster trade of Baltimore last year amounted to 1,000,000, and employed 750 persona. Over 5,000,000 ushels were received in the city. The works and other projrerty of the New England 'orsted Company, at Kaxouville, have been pur used by Mr. Simpson, of Boston, for $585,000. A duel occurred at El of Noun bur, between John Uillet, merchant, ouiicl iigoftin.

Weapons, rides. hurt, aakct of champagne celebrated the reconciliation. The first number of George Roberts and Park Bonjuliu's new paper, the Constellation, appears on Thursday, unusual step has been taken by the publisher, in ma itrg it a sheet as large as the Journal of Commerce, instead producing it in quarto form. Cheap and abundant as money is in this country it is luch in Europe. In London the Bank of Enguid's rate of discount is only 21 per cent.

At Paris the lie is per at Hamburg, at Frankfort, at msterdaui, 81; and at Brussels, per cent. Thirty-four years ago Randal JlcGavoek was mayor of asbville a village containing about 1,500 persons, Itliout even a turnpiko approaching it. Now, his grand ephew, Randal W. mayor of Nashville a ly witli 80,000 at three points railroads, and witli several others in contemplation. lAst Thursday witnessed a singular snow-storm in the icinity of Fulton, Oswego county.

The storm couiicnced nbout8, a and continued for 24 hours, to tire eptli of 21 to 8 feet. It covered a belt of land only six riles wide, deepest in tire centre, from Ontario to Oneida ike. The farmets are organising along the lino of the I-a rosso railroad for tire purpose of resisting tire forclosure tire mortgages which they executed and exchanged for tock. Tlrcy proceed upon the presumption that these rortgages will be declared trull and void by the courts. There lately died in Paris an old lady, Mine.

Clmmpagcux, a daughter of the celebrated Mine. Roland, the life ml soul of the Girondist section in tire National Assernly of France. By her will the Imperial Library obtains li the MS. memoirs of her illustrious mother, penned liile in prison awaiting the guillotine. Victor Emmanuel, King of Sardinia, (the only consti itional government in Italy,) id preparing lu unto Hie eld in of the liberals of Lomlturdy and Venice, ml ossist them in throwing off the Austrian yoke.

It is resumed that Louis Napoleon's Increasing need of topic public intercut outside of France will decidedly favor a loveiuent of this kind. Wixt Flobida Axnkxatwn to West lorida journals are strongly advocating the annexation their section of country to Alabama. The mutter tins one so f.ir that Alabama has appointed Mr. G. T.

Yeleiton to negotiate, as he will, either by purchase or ceson, for the annexation. West Florida lias several reams foi this movement, but the chief is that the railroad fgtom may lie extended without restraint, as now imposed Fast Florida, which has a preponderance of power in ao legislature. THE KENTFCKY MILITARY JNST1TITE, di1 reeled by board of visitors appointed by the State, is nodrr io superintendence of Col K. W. Moliu.vX, a distinguished graduate I'(Snt, and a practical engineer, ulde.i by uu able faculty.

Tlic course of study 1- that taught in the best colleges, but more ex nde-l In Mechanics, Machines, Construction. Agrieuitu. tl Chemistry, and Mining Geology; also, lit Kngh-h literature, Hisirleiil Beading and Modern languages, accompanied by daily and gululnd exercise. Schools of Arohitoclure, Kugiocm leg, Ounnneree, Medu-ii and lew rlnut of seleclilip stadias to suit time, means, and object of profet oust preparation, both before sod alter graduating Tbo charge $lOi half-yearly session, payable in advance. re- I lie Superintendent, at "Military In-titnte, Franklin Spt lugs, or the undersigned.

I'. UtJIUJCY, InilwAw Vresident of the Board. MEW AND DIvU'TIKl'L HOOKS PUBLISHED Llj (luring Chi i. tin.is week. following eh gaiifly printed of permanent valuo havo gotten up with ujqir ii refer ouec tho holiday 1.

r.inp.y Iv'mblo' Poems. A new and enlarged edition, in one aiidaomc volume. lflmo. $1 A large number of the in thin beautiful voluiuo ore new, and are entirely out of print in tho form in which they originally ppearod. II Kev.

K. W. Robertson's (of Brighton, Knglatid) lectures and Ad i ros-cs 011 l.ilerary and Sk la I Topics In ono volume. 12tno. $1.

most Intel eating no lection of Mr. Robert on'a Public Adctreshea published hi uuiforni style with his sermons. Willie Winkle's Nuraery Songs ol Scotland; edited by Mrs. Sliahoe. I rice 7 it coots.

For sale at TAYLOR MAURY'S Jun 4 334 Penn. ht. I plIE TKIBl'Nli ALMANAC FOR 1859 LS NOW ready. It contain? Adroioanic.il Calculation'" lor 18.V.C Klrctioii from all the States holdin General in 80s, cai-etulh compiled and compared with former olecliona, ex for TUo Tribune Alnmnm Kleotlon Return. of the State of Now York by and far.h an entirely new feature in this Alumnae, A Lirst of the M-in burs ol the Uniied States honate and House of to And large amount of other interesting political matter.

and others will please send in their without delay Pre (p-otag- prepaid,) single copies, 13 tenia, American coin, waive copies, $1 one hundred copic, $8. 1 v. nt by express or one copies thirteen copies tor $1. H'JRACK GKKKUCY A CO dun 4 Tribune UulMlngx, New York. CITY INTELLIGENCE.

AUKKULTllKAL IIKErtMO. 1 A convention AC from varioux parte of the Uuiou ataemUed at the Fateut Office On Yraterda), upon the iuviUliou of tiro Cominiaeioucr oC FateuU, at II o'clock, in. llou. Murelmll F. Wilder, of Miuiaui UuectU, uiwii iuroueJy chueeu preeident.

Major lieu. Ferley Foore, oi Uwaaclnluilb, wax hueeu xecretary. Tlit eecri-Ury read the roll of of thoee line, Dr. Esekial Holmes; Massachusetts, Huu. 5 Marshall 1'.

Wilder, Dr. Charles T. Jackson, ami Hen Perky Poore New Hampshire, ljevi Baitlett, Vcr iiioiit, Frederick Hoi brook, New York, WillUui I L.iwtou, Co I C. C. Morrell, and Rev.

A. Bn.wu I PeuuaylvauU, Uowau, Hon J. C. U. Kruno- I dy, Hon.

Joint 11. Kwhig, and Shut luck, eeq.j Delaware, ex-OoVernortieorge ltoss, Maryland, Clem eut Hill, Joel Blew, and Clutki B. Calvert, Lis trict of Columbia, W. Corcoran, Jouuthuii Seavei, I ami 0. lewlu, Dr.

Charles O. Page, Joshua Pierce, K. Ilarte, and Kinsman, ebqs. Yngiuia, Col I Milton Uarnett, l.ewis Hayley South Carolina, Jaiuua U. Holmes, Hoti.

J. 11. Haiiinioud Indian Territory, Col 1'. P. PiU'hlyu Texas, W.

Moekliu lndiaua, Hon L). 1'. Hollaway, Hon 10. Carte Illinois, Hr. John A.

Keunkutt, Ur. L. S. Pennington Michigan, Hon. H.

1.. Minnesota, T. T. Mann, Hon W. W.

Phelps, J. J. Noah Ohio, K. G. Carey, esq.

Wiscou- ft, I nin; (JuxlavtiM He Neven California, A. W. MrK.ee; la I Nevada, Colonel amen M. Crane Oiegon, Hon lJelaaoit Smith New Mexico, Hou. Manuel A.

H. Otero 'lire secretary read a list of Interrogatories submitted by Hon. D. Jay Browne, of the agricultural divUiou of 1 the Piitcut Office. nJ After some dhs.um.ion, the inoeting decided that It I should hereafter he called "The Advisory Board of Agri- 1 culluie of the Patent Ofiioe." The following subdivisions were adopted, the delegates 1 from each of which to constitute sub-coinntittee to con- 1 shier and report ujion the interrogatories submitted to the board, via 1st.

The New England States, Now York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. 2d. Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, Ninth Carolina, South Curoliua, and fieotgia 3d. Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana. Texas, Indian Territory, Arkansas, Missouii, Kentucky, and Tennessee.

4th. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, i Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Kansas. 5th. Now Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, California, Ore- 9 gon, und WHShington. mf T'tie following rules were adopted, viz Hour of daily meeting for business only in full board to he 10, a.

nr. Discussions to lie hail only at evening sessions. to meet daily upon adjournment of general session of the board. I 'lhe followittg gerrtlemen were appointed as a business committee; Hon. D.

Jay Browne, of Patent Ollice, (ex 1 officio;) F. G. Gary, of Ohio Dr. John A. Keiuiicutt, of 1 Illinois; James (I.

Holmes, of South Carolina Fredei ick liolhrook, or Yermout; and Hon. Delazou Smith, of Oregon. 1 Adjottrtted to meet this morning at 111 o'clock. CtTv Councils. Hoard of Aldc.rmni.-A comnittuica- I tiotr was received from the Mayor nominating Benjamin I Bean its inspector und measurer of lumber, ami the tiotnir atlon was confirmed.

Also, a communication announcing that the certificates of 1 ludo! to incss issued under the act of September 8, 1858, and still unpaid, amounted to $48,400 which was ordered lo be printed. A bill from tho lower boartj deficiency in a Ute appr opt iatioo-fergrrwling Sixth street west, from tho noitli stiTeof hi street south, along Water street, to tho soutli side of 0 street south, was taken up and passed. i Mr. Brown introduced a hill for the relief of J. W.

Martin which was passed. Mr. A. W. Mulch.

offered a resolution calling upon A thy Mayor to state the amount of the flouting or unfunded debt of the city on the 1st day of July, 1858 which, utter sotne discussion, was passed. And the hoard then adjourned. I lioanl of CutHmoti Council. A hill for the relief of the Colunibii Fire Company was tsken up uud passed. Mr.

Lloyd introduced a hill making an appropriation for the of the two night schools established some I me since which was passed. A hill from the Board of Aldermen for thy relief of C. Adams was taken up and passed. A hill from the same hoard for the relief of Mrs. Mary Childs, the miitron of the Washington Asylum, was like wise passed.

And there being do further business, Hoard ad journed. Wk publish the following letter addressed to the Mayor: ty WAHllixaTUN, Jan. 3, 185'J. Dkar Sib The water was let into the mains today at 10, a. ra.

and when I opened the valve, after a hard night's work, 1 had the satisfaction of sending to Georgetown and Washington a supply of water larger I than they are likely to provide the pipes to distribute be- fore the aqueduct can lie completed to the Great Fulls. I One bridge and two tunnels remain to be completed, I And some little work upon this end of the dam at the falls, in order to enable us to bring in tlio larger supply if the Great Kails. wB I hope this winter to gut under ground the greater patt of the 30-inch mains, anil by next July or August to have iTj the water from the falls here. I liad promised to introduce the water from the receiv- ing reservoir in December. I turned it into the aque- duct on the 1st January, and into the pipes on the 3d; 1 thus not exceeding the three days' grace usually nl- lowed.

jB Congratulating you upon this introduction of wuter into the city, 1 am, very truly and respectfully, your obe- dient servant, M. C. MEIQB, Captain of Engineers, Chief Engineer of the Washington Aqueduct. tj lion. J.

G. Bauarr, Mayor of Washington. I 1'. fountain will play at 10, a. to-morrow, in A the Capitol grounds, when 1 hope you will pay your rospect to the aqueduct.

Tim Now Senate will meet tc- day, as usual, in the old Seuate chuinher. After prayer A1 hy the chaplain and the reading of the journal, the commi tee of urrangcments will make their report. if adopted, as it undoubtedly will be, an address will be delivercd hy the Vice President, at the conclusion ol which the Senate will move in the usual order of procession to I the new chamber. The senators and officers having there I taken the seats assigned to them, prayer will he offered I by the chaplain, and the regular order of business will bo JT taken up. The galleries on the rig lit of the chair are assigned to hulies and gentlemen accompanying them- -those on the I left of the chnir to gentlemen alone The Reporters' gal lery is immediately in the ri-ar of the President's chair.

We are pleased to learn that the Senators have had their mahogany desks removed to the new chamber, I which is less gaudy in appearance than is the new House. TiWrx Ri: this Evrniso. It will be warn, hy reference to our a Ivcrtising columns, that Miss E. Baker, ofRoabury, Massachusetts, will lecture this evening at the Sinitbso- I ninn Institution. This young lady, we are informed, has been blind from her infancy, and, lmving received as thorough an education as was is appearing before the public to obtain a livelihood hy the exercise of I her talents.

Her lectures are highly spoken of hy those who liare heard them, and her ideas, clothed in poetry, I are said to lie original and attractive. mi Mim Bakor is accompanied hy a liesutiful sister, who A enjoys the blessing of sight, and takes jiart In the eveuing's cntci tainiinlnt They are recommended to public favor hy lion. Edward Everett aud other well known gentlemen. CuiniTV Baaing at Homk. We are glad to see the I Mayor has called a meeting in the different wards in i -r Ii.ill oi i in: poor, ai rue cirnesi reijueat of the Union Deiwrolcnt Hodetf, who are nil ready and willing to enter upon their reapoctitre dutlee of 1 oiing to tliu wmita of the euflerieg and xi' ua toon o.Is niri placed at their dlopoeal.

It A hoped the call will he rtapondod to.