Lincoln Nebraska State Journal from Lincoln, Nebraska • 28

12 SUNDAY STATE JOURNAL. SUNDAY MORNING, JULY 11,, 1915. Side Lights on the Causeless and. Useless European War IX A BOMARDED CITY. fare, but few people have a clear idea as to how this ingenious phase of the fighting is conducted.

Mining, or subterranean warfare, is bejng practiced lin will be christened "The Hospital Lipton." and already "the rue Lipton" is the name of a street In Belgrade). In due course, however, our little luncheon was rather rudely disturbed. Several of the officers present had to go away hurriedly to prepare for one of those artillery duels between Belgrade and Semlin that seem to take place as regularly as, say, our theatrical matinees in London. Thus It is we pass our time at Belgrade until those big happenings, too, have known what it is to go hungry. Happily fresh stores of food have always arrived in the nick of time." a doctor in one of the hospitals told me today.

Although typhus Is not so virulent as it was, statistics in Serbia are apt to be a dead letter, and one cannot say yet whether it has been effectively checked. Strangers are no longer admitted to Belgrade unless they can establish their official idenity. The few Englishmen bere have all. so to speak, ard." Details of all we saw cannot transpire in print at present. Suffice it to say that our most interesting experience was, perhaps, when, down near the river's edge, we viewed Semlin at close quarters.

By the aid of powerful binoculars we could see a straggling population walking down the high-street. One of our party even protested that he could see a portly Austrian citizen picking his teeth! At a luncheon given to Sir Thomas Lipton and party by the commanding Serbian people are following the lead of their veteran king and prime minister. Many of the leading families in Serbia hare dispensed with servants altogether. Every morning the womenfolk of the household prepare a sideboard of dishes of the simplest variety, and this has to suffice for the whole of the day. Families who have never waited on themselves before go at Intervals and help themselves from this homely buffet which provides their sole food and drink the ensuing of the entire Serbian race.

And the finishing touch to this Pompeii like scene of destruction is supplied by the fact that only a quarter of the Inhabitants now remain. The rest have all flown. As one walks through the main streets, one passes row upon row of closed shops. The shopkeepers who are still here do their best to make brave Bhow. The local chemist, for example, displays In his windows "decoy wares" that Is to say, you see WWVKi -tour hlh Ne-JT I fVMil.SWWreW.? Jet'- Art I 0 STREET BARRICADE The in the streets of towns in northern France which are near the fighting line so as to be able to check the foe if an assault on the town should be made.

Reports from the war country say that towns are taken house by house and that often the Germans and French hold adjoining streets against one another. 3 ITALIAN INFANTRY. A detachment of Italian infantry leaving Venice to go to the front. The recent successes in Austria have put the Italian troops in high spirits. 4 ITALIAN MOTOR CYCLE SQUAD.

A squad of Italian motorcyclists going to fight the Austrian foe. The bicycle and motorcycle branches of the Italian army are well organized. 5 KAISER ON HORSEBACK The kaiser delights in being photographed on horseback, but he has few opportunities since the war began for most of his movements are made by automobile. He is shifted by train from one battle front to the other; his motor car and those of his staff being taken on the train with them. This picture of the kaiser was made only a few weeks ago when he was reviewing his troops at the front.

as you look through the pane of glass box upon box of a famous tooth powder. Yet if you go in to ask for one ef the you are told the boxes are all empty. They have been placed in the window simply to make things seem normal. There is bravery in that trick. There is a great shortage of light and also.

Incidentally, of sugar. Cig-arets are no longer on sale In the town. The tramways He Idle, most of the routes having been damaged by shells; no cabs ply for hire. Everywhere in Serbia Just now rigid economy is the rule among all sorts and conditions of people from the royal family downward. "If we Serbians are to win as we firmly believe we shall we must husband our resources at every turn," M.

Fashiah, the prime minister, told me at Nish a day or two ago. "Only think," he added, "how our country has been devastated! In many of our rural districts agriculture is at a standstill not only on account of the dearth of men, but because our cattle and agricultural implements have been almost entirely destroyed. We cannot say how much we owe both to England and America for the gallant way they have helped both In money and in kind to set our peasant farmers on their feet again." Life on Threepence a Day. And In this matter of economy the 11 Hew tke Plach of Wmr Felt at Belajraule. STANLEY NAYLOR writes from Belgrade In the London Chronicle: A what time does the bombardment begin "We ask feverishly, as we find ourselves at Belgrade.

Even the Inhabitant, who by this time have grown stoical where bombardments are concerned, feel a trifle excited. For lsnt It true that fChlka Toma" (Uncle Tom, as the 8erblans delight to call Sir Thomas Lipton) has arrived? And when last Sir Thomas was here about two months ago, Belgrade suffered the most fearsome bombardment that has so far been her fate. Peopje were killed, buildings were wrecked, and Indescribable havoc was wrought Will history, then, repeat Itself? As soon as the Austrians across the river at Semlin discover that "Chika Toma" Is once more among his Serbian friends, are they not likely again to treat us to one of their fiercest fusillades? But. for the moment, all Is quiet, end there Is time to take stock of the town which in itself gives an Index of how woefully Serbia is feeling the pinch of the war. Here, for Instance, is the once beautiful Belgrade the only city in Serbia with any pretense either to importance or attractiveness.

What, then, is the picture? On all sides, except for the habitual cheerfulness of the Serbian man In the street, which all the shells cannot ruffle, the most abject desolation prevails. Formerly, Belgrade was the only center in Serbia which could boast any claim to enlightenment and progress. It was the only Serbian city rich enough to have Installed an adequate system of sanitation. "The chief national Industries of wag recently declared, "have hitherto been warfare and breeding vermin." And, however that may be, to visit Nish and certain other places In the Interior at present is eloquent testimony that Serbia has not yet had the time or money to be sanitary. But Belgrade, meanwhile, was differ ent.

For the Serbian it was the hub of the universe bis one and only center of diplomacy, commerce and culture. To some extent It had been fashioned into a miniature Paris. It was known as "Beograd," which means "the white and it was full of gaiety and life. Alas, how changed is its aspect today! The Vulnerable Capital. The initial mistake the Serbians made, of course, was to build their capital on a site which the enemy can shell with the utmost ease from his own doorstept Apparently, they overlooked the fact that across the river at the Juncture of the Danube and the Save nestles the picturesque little Austrian town of Semlin, whence all the trouble has since arisen.

The result during the past few monthB has been tragl-comlcal in its effect. It has been much as It Westminster were at war with Brixton or better Htlll as If the city of Liverpool were engaged In deadly conflict with her friendly neighbor across the Mersey, Birkenhead. It Is comforting for the Serbians to reflect that, for every shot fired by the Austrians Into their city, they have fired two in return. Yet nothing can ever compensate for the Irreparable damage done to Belgrade. Nearly all the city's most beautiful buildings are now In ruins, including the royal palace, the museum and above all, the university.

The total destruction of the university and kwith it half a century of research work, to say nothing of a world of thought-Is, perhaps, the greatest loss of all, for It was the one important educational center not only of Serbia, but Glimpses (Continued from 10B.) plant to Insure careful handling of temperatures in this huge building. The school board, in opposition to the advice of the consulting architect, decided to put the heating plant apart from the main building, and have located It In a small grovo across the nncared for boulevard east of the high KChool grounds. The power plant is built of the same kind of brick as the main building. It cost aooul $12,000 exclusive of equipment. It Is surmounted by a smokestack 140 feet high, which is more for draft than to fcarry off the smoke as the heating plant is supplied with Burke smokeless furnaces.

Three boilers supply the steam. They cost 16,000 by themselves and are capable when all are working of developing 600 horse-power. Only two will be required at a time except In the very coldest weather, the third one being installed chiefly as a supplemental boiler, carrying out the plan of duplicates everywhore. It is a fact that each piece of ma chinery having anything to do with the heating or ventilating is dupllcat ed. Hardly an emergency can arise that runnot hunrileri without rila.

comfort to the occupants of the school. Hundred Pounds Pressure. i The boilers will be kept at 100 pounds pressure which will be reduced to fifty pounds before It leaves the power house. It is then further reduced in the basement of the school building to practically utmoxpherei The vacuum system of heating is fol lowed. An engine in the power house pulls back on the heating system all the time, drawing bark the condensed Htearo.

Each radiator in the build in has a contrivance whicb lets the water through but which confines the Kleami The hot water is sent through condenser where It Is further heated and is then injected Into the bollort. The use of water is thus kept to a minimum. The engines which pull on the. pipes and which Inject the re urn water into the boilers re in dup llrste. The furnaces do not feed automat ically.

The coal is thrown from bucket on a traveling crane which operates between the coal b'n and the boiler room on top of Dutch ovens and Is poked through narrow openings on to the grates. The combustion of the grate" occurs In such a way as to remove the smoke nuiuance. A concrete platform covers part of the engine room, making a second a of continually along the whole front, for under the conditions of the war in the west It ia the only method by which an advance, can be made, especially where the enemy's trenches, though so -near, are a. trifle too far off for a bayonet charge ao be suc cessful. i 9 There are several forms of mine warfare.

Sapping, for instance, la resorted to where the enemy's trench is to be taken. The idea is to dig a passage-way to the enemy's position without letting him know ypu are coming. The gallery is dug the same depth as a trench, but Is seldom more than eighteen inches wide, or Just broad enough to allow troops to travel along It in single file. The bottom earth is dug out with picks and the top is allowed to fall in, when it Is carried back to the main trench In buckets. The reason why the earth at the top of the passage is allowed to fall of its own accord Is to reduce the risk of the glistening point of a pick rising above the earth and giving warning to the enemy's observers.

The most effective form or underground warfare is mining. This is practiced for the purpose of blowing up the enemy's trench, or for the mak ing of a trench nearer to me enemys lines which the soldiers can rush into and occupy before making a bayonet charge. An officer expert In this phase of warfare conducts all attacks by means of underground passages. He is known as the "controller of mines" and his assistants are drawn from the royal engineers. Tunnels are driven about twelve feet or more below the surface, and are about four and a-half feet high and three feet wide.

A number of underground pas sages are bored at intervals along the line of the trench, and when they are finished explosives are placed In each of them. ICy this means a series of huee craters are blown in the ground, and these are occupied by the infantry. who speedily form them into a long trench. One of the most exciting forms of underground warfare is the burrowing of mines to destroy galleries being dug by the enemy. This necessitates the employment of a number of men skilled as listeners.

For six hours at a stretch they sit at the ends of numerous passages which run out from the main gallery, and their listening powers are so highly trained that from the noise made by the enemy's digging they can estimate the distance which still remains between themselves and the enemy's workings. At times miners inadvertently break through Into the enemy's galleries, and hand-to-hand conflicts then ensue. The Importance of mining warfare can be seen from the fact that the army authorities have equipped the royal engineers with various elaborate inventions to assist them In their work underground. When our military miners have to operate many feet below the earth, they are provided with helmets very similar to those worn by divers. They are made of copper and have a glass door in front which can be opened and shut, whilst rubber tubes supply the wearer with fresh air when working in atmosphere poisoned by gases from explosives.

The ventilation of mines is another problem which has been solved by the military authorities by the employment of an ingenious ventilating fan. This does away with the necessity of boring ventilation holes in the top of an underground shaft, which might betray it to the enemy. The fan Is worked by two men, who turn a handle and Its purpose is to force pure air through a lengthy tube into the galleries. Tit-Bits. Youth is always looWnf forward to a holiday; ae appreciates a little rest.

Atchison Globe. against merchant vessels contrary to the ordinary practice. Evidently It Is not the physical power to destroy that is new, but the will to use tnat power. It is not a new mechanical Invention that we are confronting, but a new idea of warfare." A man'i notion of jreat man is hts favorite candidate; a woman regards her preacher that way. AtchlBon Globe.

ft' Green Gables The Dr. BenJ. F. Bailey Sanatorium, Lincoln, Nebraika. For all Non-Contagious Dlaaase Ideal In location, equipment, departmental methods and perfection of training of the corps vl nurse and attendants.

Write for particulars and II-'uetrated pamphlet Not a hotel, not a hoepltal. but a home. A GOLD CROWN A PORCELAIN CROWN OR BRIDGE WORK PER TOOTH 131t STREET 12th Var Phone BI1S1 1 ARCHDUKE FRIEDRICH OF AUSTRIA Archduke Fried- rich of Austria is the commander of the Austrian troopr and is nominally In charge of the campaign against the Russians in Galicta. It is actually Gen. Mackensen of the German army however, who is directing the campaign there and German troop3 form a large part of the force under his command.

The archduke is seen here in conversation with Excellenz von Kirbach-Lauterbach while his staff waits in the background. Germans have erected barricades which we all feel cannot be much longer delayed, definitely become a fait accompli. Meanwhile, in this en forced temporary lull, every man and woman left In the bombarded city keeps a stiff upper lip, waiting for the curtain to rise. Thrill of Underground FIshtlnK. From time to time announcements appear in the official despatches to the effect that certain positions have been captured by means of mine war type of vessel capable of destroying merchant craft quickly ard without warning.

Any battleship, cruiser, destroyer, or torpedo boat can do the same thing that is, It has the physical power to do so. Modern high-power guns are effective at long ranges. Shells from the Queen Elizabeth's fifteen-Inch guns could have destroyed the Lusitania at a distance of ten or twelve miles as effectively as did the torpedo. "Not only do war vessels of all kinds now have the power to destroy a merchant vessel at sight, but they have had It. for a long time.

The old wooden fighters of our revolutionary war could do that. There are many submarines in use, but so far only those of one nation have been used INSURANCE IN FORCE. December 31, 190d 559,000 December 31, 1908 1,453,218 December 31, 1910 2,641,084 December 31, 1912 4,805.502 December 31, 1914 6,580,604 June 30, 1915 7,078,813 Local Agents Wanted in every county In Nebraska. THE MIDWEST LIFE is a live, up-to-date company and pays liberal initial and renewal commissions. Its growth has been Pteady and persistent.

Previous experience In selling insurance is not necessary. Some of the best agents this company has never sold a policy before they entered its service. Call or write TheMidwestLife N. 8NELU PnaeiDKNT A STOCK COMFANY SELLING GUARANTEED COST LIFE INSURANCE LINCOLN, NEBRASKA WHAT 3-50 WILL DO WILL MAKE the New Lincoln High School Building a-. T-ju4 rrm n-TrrrrrtTTrnrn i '-'f Ilu 1 1 urLu.i lti-iut mi am 1 rtrny-" 1 1 I r-l mjj tTirtif trrrtTi 1 1 1 iu IT i 1 LJ I J-; trnrrTiru-irrrrn-n 1 1 ita I "passed the censor," and so are granted certain privileges.

Yesterday, for example, we were permitted to band ourselves into "a Bpecially-conducted party," and set out on "a war excursion" to view the different batteries and entrenchments. It exhilarated us, among other things, to note the various points where the Austrian shells had missed our gun positions, "killing instead" as our enthusiastic officer-guide remarked "two sparrows and a Hz- to what they have been doing previously, and will do long after the curtain has fallen. They are surrounded by an older generation, with its antiquated ideas and reduced sensibilities, and a younger that is Joyously untouched by the prospect of calamity. "Since the threads of an intricate plot are not present to be drawn together and tied up neatly at the end, you are not limited by that intense artistic economy which concentrates vital significance into the lite of an eyebrow, and which so thcioughly expurgates the Irrelevant thHt there is little for the relevant to be relevant OF hiGH SCHOOL. and jeneial arraugnmcnt.

Location twelve hours. And the plight of the poor is, of course, a hundred times worse. In Belgrade alone so many thousands of women and children are on the verge of starvation that the only allowance the municipality can make them Is threepence a day for a woman and a penny a day for a child. And in some cases this Is all they have to subsist on! Such Is life in a bombarded city! "I can assure you there have been times when the doctors and nurses, largeness, of perspective that is in itself corrective of petty rebellions. You look before and after, and so do not mour for what Is not.

Hardly a detail that does not lead off suggestively. "The rooms seem part of a house which a mere accident of vision prevents you from seeing In its entirety. The fields run away Into Illimitable distances. The problems concerning the estate reach back before the serfs were freed, and are bound up with the whole agricultural question of Russia. The acts of the people concerned are not Isolated episodes, but carry you MAIN FLOOR PLAN marble stalrcnn auditorium, main floor in general, offlcer of the Danubian squadron, which comprises some 20,000 troops, we forgot for a space the horrors of war.

The toast of Toma" was enthusiastically drunk, with Serbian musical honors, by the large company of soldiers present. (On all sides there are proofs that Sir Thomas is as popular now in Serbia as he is fh America, which is saying a great deal. At this luncheon It was announced that the first war-hospital to be opened when the Serbians reach Sem- to. 'Cherry Orchard' is not so, but is like the chaff that the wind driveth away, as well as like the wheat which remains. Effects are not dependent upon speed and heat, and, consequently, leisure and spaciousness produce reciprocal amplitures in the audience.

Man no longer seems to strut a little hour upon the stage, but to play his part in the midst of centuries and in the presence of planets. By refusing to overdo the moment, Checkhoff invites eternity." Mnke Problems. A writer in the New Republic combats the recent assumption that the conditions of warfare are changed by the submarine as to make new rules of war necessary. "It cannot be maintained for a mo-meat that a submarine is the only of some laboratorlee bas been story. Here Is equipment where the Bremen can wash up and change their clothes before venturing forth among the people or invading the school house.

Cbrkoff In Fetroarrad. A recent performance in Petrograd of "Cherry Orchard," Anton Chek-hoff's masterpiece, is described by a writer in the New Republic. Its new dramatic method is thus Interpreted: "The very framelessness of the pic ture, the absence of a nicely temln ated plot, gives a feeling of space, of Entrance from north showing wide changed, but plan unchanged TfCT rtrrln ft ft lift I 'I I I i 1 SILVER FILLINGS, 50o Written Guarantee for 18 Years OAS, NITROUS OXIDE, VITALIZED AIR For Painlesa Extraction of Teeth We have ovr 30.000 aatlifled patron. Thla It the oldest eatabllihtd popular price office In Lincoln BOSTON DENTISTS.