The Courier-Journal from Louisville, Kentucky • Page 18

Mr Uella- ret ShteM R.G. INGERSOLL ON PHILIPPINES fie Sans Keep ttis Islands For ttie Sake People, v. v. AMERICA FOR FREEDOM As a Lawyer He Discusses the Constitutional Phase I. the Question.

MONROE DOCTRINt NOT-IN IT Nolmpedlment To faeplna All We Can Take From Spain. fWrtttea for th Courler-Journall EW TORK. All. As I understand it, United States vent Into thla war against 'Spain tn the cu of freedom. For three years Spain bad been endeavot-lnf to conquer the people.

The meana employed were eav-ege. Hundreds of thousand were starred. Tet the Cubans, with great heroism, were continuing the struggle. In spite of their burned homes, tbelr wasted fields, tbelr dead comrades, the Cubans were not conquered and atJU waved war. Under those circumstances we said to Bpaln: Tou must withdraw frcra the Western World.

The Cubans bare ths right to be free, "It was understood, and declared at the time that we were not waging war for the sake of territory; that we were not trying to annex Cuba, but that we were moved by compassion a compas sion that became as stern aa Justice. I did not think at the time there would be war. I supposed that the Spanish peo ple had some sense; that they knew tbelr own condition and the condition of this republic. But the Improbable happened, and now. after the successes we have Kad, the end of the war appears be In sight, and the question arises: What shall we do wttb the Spanish Islands that we have taken already or that we may take before peace comes Can't Oire Philippine To Spain.

"Of course we could not, without stul tifying ourselves and. committing the greatest of crimes, hand back Cuba to Spain. But to do that.would no more criminal, no more Infamous, than to band back, the Philippines. la those Islands there are from 4.000.000 to 10, 000.000 of people, and they have been robbed and enslaved by Spanish officers and soldiers. Undoubtedly A-J were savages when first found.

ails edly they are worse now tr- mtam. ot gvahmond; Miss Talbot. Norfolk; Mrs. Crn- won first Emmie Bara but no PPle can bw 4. enough to be Justly robbed or savage enough to be rightly enslaved.

I think that we should keep the Islands, not for our own sake, but for the sake of these people. "As far aa the Philippines are con- cerned. I think that we should endeavor to civilise them, and to do thla we should send teachers, toot preachers. We should not endeavor to give them our superstition In place of Spanish super-' eution. They nave had superstition enough.

They don't need churches, they need schools. We should teach them our arts; how to cultivate the soil, how to manufacture the things tbey need. In other words, we should deal honestly wun tnein ana try our best to make them a self-supporting and a self-governing people. The eagle should spread ica wings over tnoee islands for that and for no other purpose. We can not afford to give them to other nations or to throw fragments of them to the wild beast of Europe.

We can not say to Russia. Tou may have a and to uermany. you may have a and to France. Tou take and so divide out these people aa thieves divide plunder. That we will never do.

Won By American Bravery. "here Is, moreover, a littls sentiment mixed with thla matter in my. "mind. Manila Bay has been filled with American glory. There waa won one of our greatest triumphs, on of the greatest naval victories of ths world won by American courage and genius.

We can not allow any other nation to become ths owner of ths stage on which' this American drama was played. I know that we can be of great assistance to ths inhabitants of ths Philippine. I know that we can. be an unmixed blessing to them, and that is ths nly ambition I have In regard to those islands. I would no more think of handing them back to Bpaln than I would of butchering the entire population in cold blood.

Spain is unfit to govern. Spain has always been a robber. She has never made an effort to civilise a human being. Ths history of Spain, I think, la the darkest pags in ths history of ths world. "At the him time I have a kind of fitty for the Spanish people.

I feel that hey have been victims victims of superstition. Their blood has been sucked, their energies have been wasted and misdirected, and they excite my sympathies. Of course there are many good Spaniards, good men. good women. Cer- vera appears to be a civilised man, a gentleman, and I feel obliged to him for his treatment of Hobsoa.

The great mass1 of the Spaniards, however, must be exceedingly Ignorant, and aa passion ate aa Ignorant. Their so-called leaders dare not tell thern the about the progress of this war. They seem to be afraid to stats the facta. They always commence with a lie. then change it a little, then change fit a little more, and maybe at last tell the truth.

They never seem to dare to tell the truth at if the truth Is bad. I They put me in mind of the story of a map telegraphing to a wife about the condition, of her The first dispatch waa 'Tour husband la well, never The second was. Tour husband ie sick, but not The third was, Tour husband Is much i worse, but we still have The fourth waa, Tou may aa well know the truth we buried your husband That ia about the way the Spanish people get their war news. "That is why it may. be Incorrect to assume that peace coming quickly.

If the Spaniards were a normal people, who acted aa other folks do, we might prophesy a speedy peace, but nobody has prophetic vision enough to tell what such a people will do. In spite of all appearances, and all our successes, and of all sense, the war may urag on. But I hope not. not only- for our sake, but for the. sake of the 'Sranlards themselves.

I can't, help thinking of the-; poor peasants who will be killed; neither can 1 help thinking of the poor peasants wno will have to toil for many years on the melancholy fields of Spain to psy the costs of this war. I am sorry for them, and I am sorry also for the widows snd orphans, and no one will be more delighted when peace comes. i Constitutional Phase. Ths argument has been advanced in ths National Senate and elsewhere that the Federal Constitution makes no pro vision for the holding of colonies or de pendencies, such as the Philippines would be; that we can only acquire them as territories, and eventually must take them in as States, with tbelr population of mixed and inferior races. That is hardly an effective argument When this country waa an infant.

till In Its cradle. George Washington gave the child some very good advice; told elm to beware of entangling alliances; to stay at home and attend to his own business. Under the circum stances, this was all very good. But the infant has been growing, and the Republic ia now one of ths most powerful nattona in ths world, and yet. from its infant days until now.

rood, con servative people have been repeating the advice of Washington. It was repeated again and again when we were talking about purchasing Louisiana, and many Senators and Congressmen became hys terical and predicted the fall of the Re public if that was done. Ths same thing took place when we purchased Florida, and again when we got 1.000,000 square miles from Mexico, and still again when we bought Alaska. These ideas about violating the Constitution and wrecking the- Republic were promulgated by our great and wise statesmen on all these previous occasions, bat, after all. the Constitution seems to have borne the strain.

There seems to be aa much liberty now aa there was then, and, in fact, a great deal more. Our territories have given us no trouble, while tney have greatly added to our population and vastly increased our wealth. "Beside this, the statesmen of tha olden time, the wise" men with whom wisdom waa supposed to have perished. could not and did not Imagine the im provements that would take place after they were gone, in tneir time, practi cally speaking. It waa further from New York to Buffalo than it is now rrom New Tork to Sun Francisco, and aa far aa ths transportation of intelligence Is concerned San Francisco Is aa near New Tork as It would have been In their day had It been Just across the Harlem river.

Taking Into considera tion the railways, the telegraphs and the telephones, this country now. with Its area of S.500.000 square miles. Is not as large as the thirteen original colonies were; that ia to say. the distances are more easily traveled and more easily overcome. In those days it required months and months to cross ths conti nent.

Now It is the work of four or live days. Constitution Can Stand Expansion. Tet, when we came to talk about an nexing- the Hawaiian islands, ths advice of George Washington was again repeated, and the older the Senator the fonder he was of this advice. These Senators had tha idea that the Constitution, having nothing in favor of It, must contain something, at least In spirit, against it. Of course our fathers had no Idea of the growth of the re- Jtubllc Ws have, because with us it a matter of experience.

I don't see that Alaska has Imperiled any of the liberties of New Tork. We need not admit Alaska as a 8tate unless It has a population entitling It to admission, and we are not bound to take in the Sand wich islands until the people are civil ised, until they are fit companions or free men and free women. It may be that a good many of our cltisens will go to ths Sandwich islands and mat. a short time, the people there w'il be ready to be admitted as a All this the Constitution can stand, and In It there la no dsairer of Imperialism. in SU tonal growth, i As a ecg S-r.

htn tJ gentleman's prise, a stick pin. I Himbi- uwnrvvTn. si n-Mw(r to expami than to shrivel. and.Jf our Constitution is too narrow to spiead over the territory that we have the courage to acquire, why we can make a broader one. It ia a very easy matter to make a con stitution, and no human happiness, no prosperity, no progress should be sacrificed for the aake of a piece of paper with writing on it: because there ia plen ty of paper and plenty of men to do th writing, and plenty or people to say what the writing should be.

I taketnore interest In people than I do In constitu tions. regard constitutions as sec ondary; they are means to an end, but the dear old conservative gentlemen seem to regard constitutions as ends in themselves. "I have read what ex-President Cleveland had to say on this important subject, and am happy to say that I entirely disagree with him. So, too. I disagree with Senator Edmunds and with Mr.

Bryan, and with Senator Hoar, and with all the other gentlemen who wish to atop the growth of the republic. I want it to grow. Sometimes I have thought that there ia only air enough on this hemisphere to float one flag, and in time that dream may come true. Destiny of Spain's Islands. "As to ths final destiny of the island possessions won from Spain, my Idea is that ths Philippine Islands will finally be tree, protected, it may be, for a long Urns by ths United States.

I think Cuba will come to us for protection, naturally, and. so far as I am concerned. I want Cuba only when Cuba wants us. I think that Porto Rico and some of those islands will belong rrmanently to the United States, and believe Cuba will finally become a part of our republic "When ths opponents of progress found that they could n't make the American people take ths back track by holding up their hands over the Constitution, they dragged In the Monroe doctrine When ws concluded not to allow any longer to enslave her colonists, or the people who had been her colonists. In the New World, that was very humane and a wise resolve, and It was strictly in accord with the Monro doctrine.

For ths purpose of conquering Spain, we attacked her fleet in Manila Bay and destroyed it. I can not conceive how that action of ours can be twisted into a violation of the Monro doctrine. The most that can said is that It is aa extension of that doctrine and that are now saying to Spain: Tou shall not enslave, you. shall not rob, anywher that we have the power to prevent K.V Konro Doctrine No Bar. "Having taken the Philippines, the same humanity that dictated the declaration of what ia called the Monro doc trine will force us to act there in accordance With ths spirit of that doctrine.

The other day I saw in ths paper an extract. I think, from Goodwin Smith, in which he says that if we were to bora- bard cad lx we would give up the Mon roe I da not see the applica tion. We are at war with Spain and we have a right to Invade that country, and ths Invasion would hav nothing whatever to do. with the Monroe doctrine. War being declared, we have the right to do anything consistent with civilised warfare to gain the victory.

The bombardment of Cadis would have no more to do witn tne jionro doctrine than with the attraction of gravitation. If by the Monro doctrine la meant that we have agreed to atay In the hemi sphere and to prevent other nations from interfering with any people on this nemispnere. and it is said that stow. lng out of this, ia another doctrine, namely, that we are pledged not to In terfere with any people living on the other hemisphere, then It might be called a violation of the Monro doctrine lor us to nomnard cadis. But such Is not the Monroe doctrine.

If, we being at war with England, she should bombard the city of New Tork. or we should Mm. bard some city of England, would anybody say that either nation had vio lated the Monro doctrinal I da not set THE COURIEE -JOURNAL. LOUISVILLE. SUNDAY MORNING.

AUGUST 7. 1898 how that doctrine la involved, whether we fight at sea or on ths territory or the enemy. Tixst War Tot Humanity. This Is the first war, so far as I know, in the history of the world, that has been waged -absolutely in the interest of humanity; the only war born of pity, of sympathy; and for that rea son have taken a deep interest In It, and I must say that I was greatly as tonished by the victory Of Admiral Dewey in Manila Bay. I think it one of ths most wonderful in the history of the world, and I think all that Dewey has, done shows clearly he Is.

a man of thought, of courage and of genius. 8o the victory over the fleet of Cervers by Commodore la one of the most brilliant in alt the annals of the world. The marksman ship, the courage, the absolute precision with which everything was done is to my mind astonishing. Neither should ws forget Wsinwright's heroic exploit, as commander of the Oloucester. by hich he demonstrated that torpedo destroyers have no terrors for yacht manned by American pluck.

Manila Bay and Santiago both are surpassingly wonderful. There are no words with which to describe such deeds deeds that leap like flames above the clouda and glorify the whole Anglo-Saxon The Spanish have shown in this con test that they possess courage, and they have displayed what you might call the heroism of desperation, but the Anglo- Saxon has courage and coolness courage not blinded by passion, courage that Is ths absolute servant of Intelligence. Ths Anglo-Saxon has a fixedness of pur pose that is never Interfered with by feeling; ho does 'net become enraged he becomes firm, unyielding, his mind is absolutely mads up, clasped, locked, and he carries out bis will. With tha THE NAVAL WATCH Spaniard it la excitement, nervousness; he. becomts frantic I think this war haa shown the superiority, not simply of our ships, of our armor or our guns, but the superiority of our men, of our officers, of our gunners.

The courage of our army about Santiago was splendid, the steadiness and bravery of the volunteers magnificent. I think that what has already been don has given us. ths admiration of the civilized world. "1 know, of course, that some countries bate us. Germany is filled with malice, and has been Just on the crumbling edge of meanness for months, wishing but not daring to interfere; hateful, hostile, but keeping Just within the overt act We could teach Germany a lesson and her ships would go down before ours Just the same as the- Spanish ships hav done.

Sometimes I hav almost wished that a hostile German shot might be fired. But I think will get even with Germany and with France, at least I hop so. "And there Is another thing hope-that the good feeling now existing between England and the United States may be eternal. In other words. I hop it will to the interests of both to friends.

I think the English-speaking peoples are to rule this world. They are the kings of invention, ot manufactures, of commerce, of administration, and they have a higher conception ot human liberty than any other people. Of course, they are not entirely free; they still have some of the rags and tatters and ravellngs of superstition; but they ar tatters and they ar rags, and they ar raveling, and the people know it And. besides all thla. the English language holda the greatest literature ot th world." ROBERT O.

INGERSOLL. i "DOST CHEER rtJrace E. Palmer in, Ufe.1 "Don't cheer, boys! those poor devils are Philip, of th Texas. i Don't cheer! Death blights our victory. Those naming ships.

Spain's colors fly. In. Ar hells of human agony, -And shall saea cheer when men ar dying? The torture theirs; not theirs th wrong: Voor victims of two nation' slnningl This naked, poundsd, burning throng. Graves with our martyred dead ar win. ning.

i Bafor th amok of battle breaks. Above th shriek of shells, loud crying My country's better nature speaks: boys, don't cheer! Those men ar Ths World's Telephone. Philadelphia Record.) It is estimated that th total number of telephon subscribers of the who I world amounts to about 1.500,000. Th United States stands at th top with 00.000. Then follows Germany, with 180.000 subscribers; England, with Switzerland, with SO.

000; France, with Austria-Hungary, with th vast Russian Empire with only 1S.00O; Scandinavia, H.000: Denmark, with 15.000: Italy. 14.000; Holland and Spain, each It 000; Belgium, Japan. S.500; Portugal. Luxembourg, Australia, each 2.000; Roumanla, 400; Bulgaria, 300. It will be seen that there is still plenty ot room for.

extension. There ar many countries where th ttlepbone ia still quite unknown. Miss Boardler Tour milk Isn't as rich as It used to be. Farmer Pumper Wall, mum. yew se th weather's bin so hot lately that th cows drinks mor water than usual THE PERILS OFi HAVflL OFFICERS Duties ot Men In Guards ot WarsMps.

i VIGILANCE NECESSARY ftmuslno Incident ot a Young: En sign's Contusion. I THE WATCH ON THE BRIDGE One ot Deweu's Giptalns Swspt Overoo rdani Back A31I1T. for, the. Courier-Journal-! AREPUL newspaper readers notice from time to time in the columns devoted to naval intelligence certain Items such as this: "Lieutenant John Smith, ordered to the New Tork as watch and division i officer." The duties of ths said Lieutenant Smith OFFICES 039" DUTY. ar not rendered very plain by th term "watch and division." but when a naval officer sees it inscribed on his department orders knows Just what will be expected of him when he Joins his ship.

There Is never one minute in the llf ot a warship in commission when some officer is not In charge of! her. Th Captain takes command during battle, and the executive officer generally has charge for short time preceding but day and night, in port or at sea, some stipulated officer, either a Lieutenant or an ensign, is oni duty as Officer of the Deck, That la his official tite. and as for his duties they ar aa numerous as those attributed to th Poo Ban of Gilbert Sullivan's famous comic opera, i In th first place, th officer of th watch has th responsibility of 'th whol ship upon his shoulders. He Is supposed to know everything that is going on. and to hav eyes that will penetrate to th very double bottoms.

is stationed on th quarter deck in port and on th flying bridge at sea. Ha has a assistants an Officer ot th Forecastle, who la generally a naval cadet in rank, a Quartermaster, who Is armed with powerful binoculars and keeps diligent watch for approaching boats and signals from the flagship, and a couple of apprentices, who act as mes eengers. With these aa hla staff, th Officer ot th Deck 1 kept pretty wail posted. The number of officers detailed to duty in charge of th deck varies on different ships. There are enough to allow for sufficient reliefs, and it seldom happens that a watch and division officer has to stand mor than on watch of four hours in twelve.

To th young graduates from the Naval Academy, taking charg of th deck represents th acme of earthly bliss. To able to don a sword and belt and to strut th quarterdeck with glass under arm Is to Imagine oneself at least a Captain. Often, when in port, the young officer of the forecastle Is given temporary charg aft for th purpose ot drilling him in the duties. It is really edifying to not the important bearing of th cadet. He la a "bigger man than old Grahf'for the moment, and he delivers his commands with th air of a Nelson.

While the Philadelphia was lying at the Brooklyn navy yard several years ago an young Ensign, now in charge of on of the auxiliary cruisers oft Cuba, was called aft one morning and placed In command of the deck. It happened that only one Item remained on the list of th morning's duties, and that waa to aweep decks at aeven bells. It was not very martial command to give, but as the tim approached the officer (pro tern) of the deck waxed extremely nervous. He imagined that th eyes of all hands were on him, and almost that the safety of the ship depended upon his giving th order in the proper voice. At three minutes of seven bells he again scanned the order book.

It read: "Seven bells; Pip sweep-era" It was plain enough, and th embarrassed young officer took his stand near the mainmast and called out in a very weak voice: "Bo n's Mater Th man addressed sprang to his feet with finger touching bis cap. "Ay ay sir'" replied. Then glancing hastily about the scared officer muttered peepers'" It was an entirely new order to the boatswain mate. He touched his can Inquiringly. The Ensign, more confused than ever, stammered desperately: Peep swlpers.

my man." His words were overheard by several of his brother officers, and the laugh which followed proved Um last straw. lbs Ensign i i drew himself up and with withering I scorn exclaimed: "Sweep pipers, and, quick about It, toot" Duties of ths Deck Offlcr. Th duties, of an officer in charge of the deck ar very important, both while In port and at sea. Upon htm depend th maintaining ot order, th carrying out of th days duties, the proper re- ceptlon of official visitors, th obserir- anc of ceremonies and. when under way, the keeping of th ship 'upon th course laid out by th navigator and Captain.

In cases of emergency he is the first to act, and many a vessel has been saved through the coolheadedness of the Officer of the Deck. It ia not arl daylight work. Night watches must be kept as well, and it Is then that the unpleasant side appears. To be called at midnight In the deptn of winter, and be compelled to leave a comfortable bed for a sleety, wind swept bridge Is not agreeable by any meana Many a naval officer has bewailed the day a martial ambition call ed him into the service when he hears th rough tap of the orderly or messen ger on his stateroom door, and ia inform ed in a voice almost drowned in tne shriek of the gale that It to Ten minutes of eight bells, sir." i Ths Wateh On tha Bridf. It requires a thoroughly philosophical nature to be able to exchang a warm reposeful stateroom- for a cold, exposed, breeze-blown bridge on A freezing wintry'' night without grumbling.

But it must be don and at one. In th navy it la an unpardonable sla to be lat relieving, especially on a rough night. At exactly eight bells th officer who has Just put in tour hours expects to see his relief appear from below. It th latter doea not step up the ladder very shortly after the sound of-th last bell haa died away, there is a hasty dispatch of messengers and a vigorous Bow of In port, on calm summer nights, th duty is not hard. Mor effort is required to keep awake than to attend to th routine work.

Then th minutes slip past to th drowsy refrain ot th dynamo engine far down in th lower levels of the hull, or th soft lapping of th tid as it ebbs or flows against th steel slide. It Is a Urn for th officer to recall memories of wit or sweetheart, to plan future greatness In coming wars. It la a tim when can ponder over the emptiness of all earthly ambition, and feel that the life of a naval officer is not entirely filled with roses. I "Having th deck" in port is vastly different from being in charg ot it at sea. In the days of th old navy, when sails were th only motiv power there were weeks and weeks When; watch would succeed watch with nothing occurring to break the monotony of calms, but ther were also periods of constant struggling with th elements of sleepless nights and days of hard, heart-breaking work, of moments of great peril, when one's life rested on the strength of a backstay, of hours filled with the experiences ot an ordinary life time.

In this aga of formidabl battleships with their powerful engines and great speed, standing watch on th bridg while under way Is no sinecure. Ther is much to look after; the course must be kept, and a sharp watch constantly maintained. On dark nights, when vision fails beyond th bow, th strain ia intense. A possible accident means court-martial for the officer of th watch: and ther are other incentives to careful such as th desire for self-preservation and a regard tor pro fessional honor. It la on th stormy nights oft th Horn, or in a withering gal In tim ot war that th man on th flying bridg feels that his salary is totally inadequate.

Then it is that rain-coats and ulsters and oilskins ar both a delusion and a snare. Th wind howls with, de- haSTltrrnTigOi iiiluser bullets, and th ship plunges and leaps Ilk a cork at th mercy of a wind-swept mountain lake. Cases have been known in th service of men frozen to th very rail, and it was only a few months ago that a promising young ensign waa carried to his death. from the deck of a torpedo-boat by a gigantic wave Ha was in charg of th watch at th time. On Officer's Experlenc.

Several years ago on of th oldtlm wooden corvettes, while making a cruise from the Pacific around South America, encountered a terrific gal Just after leaving th Straits of Magellan. Before preparations tor meeting- th storm could be mads a black squall swept from th southward and struck th vessel. There was ah almost instant change from daylight to intense darkness. Th wind howled and raged with terrible fury, and a succession of monster waves, forming with incredible rapidity, thundered against the trembling hull. On the bridge forward at th tim wer two officers, the navigator and th officer of th deck.

Th former seised a rop and hastily lashed himself to th railing as th first fierce blast awept upon them, at the same moment ahouting: "Look outl Hold fast there!" A few seconds later a deluge of water struck th bridge, wrenching th gratings from their fast enings and throwing on of th cutters from its davits to th deck. Amid th roaring ot the squall and th splintering crash of th wrecked boat, a shrill cry for help cam from ths sea to leeward. "It is th officer of the deck!" shout, ed th navigator. "He has been carried overboard. Away Ufa boat!" Th order was not obeyed at one, as no small craft could live in such a sea.

A mlnut after th first wav, th war-Ship was boarded by a second, which cam from th opposite direction. Shortly after that a volunteer crew manned the whaleboat. but it was dashed against the side of the ship and th men wer rescued with th greatest difficulty. It was now concluded that nothing could be don to save th unfortunate officer, and he was given up for lost Three hour when th gale finally broke, an order was Issued to clear up decks. While several members of the forward division wer overhauling th wreckage of th cutter, they cam across an object wedged in the mass of debris.

It looked ilk a large bundle of clothing, but on drag, ging it out they found that it was a man. warm and still breathing. It was the missing officer ot the deck. Subsequent Investigation brought forth the astounding fact that he had been caught on the recurring wav after being carried from th bridg and swept back on board. Is now on Of Admiral Dewey's most tn td Captains.

Th Officer of th Dk who comes off watch at midnight or at 4 in th morning, can not recuperate from th labors of the night by aleeping until noon. He has other duties aa pressing and important as thos of standing watch. When he was ordered to his-ship it waa as a "watch, and division officer" The latter term means that is to take charge of on of th gun divisions on board. A Division Officer's Work. Each ship is divided into a certain number of parts for th mor effective placing and fighting of th crew.

Ther ar generally five. Including- th powder division (the latter having charg of magazines and the distribution of powder and ammunition), and it is to on of these that the deck officer is assigned Immediately after Joining th ship. He is required to take full command of his division, see that the men ar drilled thoroughly and that they are in proper order at morning quarters and other ceremonies. He superintends th drawing of clothing and has general control of each Individual member. The drills In themselves take a considerable portion of his time, and it is seldom that he can call an hour his own, especially in th morning.

Take it all In all ther are few men ashore who labor harder for their money than th naval vatch officer, responsibiilti ar great and his pay is comparatively small. i If it was not for th tart that billet ot "watch and division" officer is sim ply on rung- in th long ladder of promotion that leads to fame and a set tled income, ther would be few incum bents in th position. Th salaries or tn Ensigns, Junior Lieutenants and Lieutenants who fill the grade $1,200, tl.soo and 1,400 respectively) scarcely sufflc for th wear and tear-of brain tissue and nerves. H. H.

LEWIS, THE JOURNALIST UNDER A RICH YELLOW GLARE. Surely a person who writes decent Eng lish in the newspapers, who baa no Imag ination, whose work neither excites public fears nor disturbs th stock market, and who is hampered with archaio ideas about th' honor of womanhood and the sao redness of family life, can not hope to a Journalist; Is merely that back number we call a I newspaperman, says Josepa Smith in Life. Th Journalist Is a novelist moved from his base, disjected from his orbit, and wan-, deling, in yellow chaos. He must be able to throw a glamor of romance and Imagination around everything; he must proudly superior to tradition and morals; he; must know that space (In his paper) is greatness; that latitude In statement is better than beatitude, when united with atUtude and platitude; and must understand that virtue ia Its own reward and cuts so Ice. I While brains may be useful, they art merely incidental to Journalism; a quick ear, a kserf nose, a sharp eye, an enthusiasm not balked by locks, keys ordomestla Impedimenta, a bomb-proof assurance.

ian anatomy that smiles at sole leather Snd defies violence, these ar th gifts ths; fin da sled Journalist needs If he la to be successful. Colleges training young enthusiasts for this high- profession should Impress these facta on them. 3 Journalism lays down ths fundamental principle that th creature Is Inferior to the creator; and in dealing with presidents, dignitaries and ambassadors, ths Journalist mast make them understand that their views count for nothing, while those of ths American people, aa expressed by him and warmly indorsed by his own paper, must be listened to. In a free country like America everything n- be free and pub- uowrg the true Jc 't takes a prid in lmprtSKnisj nuon Jul readers hc solemn truth that personal and family privacy is a relic of an intolerant past that has no place in American life to-day. i It would be futile to lay down the rules that govern and the qualities essential to th making of a great Journalist, and what he ia and should be ar beat illustrated by a brief autobiography of the eminent correspondent, Jenkins Grade, whose fame is th property of several, continents, newspapers and syndicates.

i The son ot a famous retired butler; and a distinguished domestic, Jenkins D. Grade was carefully trained for the pro-fee km of a body servant, but fate switched him into Journalism as a society reporter. Blood will tell, and th man with the polish and address of a nobleman's valet will not only hav th admiration of th servants' hail, but th sympathy ot our aristocracy. With such advantages, Jenkins D. Grade had-social' gossip to burn: he raised keyholeism to a fine art, and mad his paper the: recognised social authority of America.

Such talents as his were cramped in New Tork. and his shrewd managing editor exported him to London as specSU correspondent, where be was accepted as a fine type ef th American gentleman. A butler's son naturally gravitates, socially and politically, to th nobility and conservatism, and his correspondence glittered with views of English Ufa and politics delightful to refined Americana, who despise republicanism and its vulgar associations. All decaying bodies attract parasites) and th affluent trades men. rich colonists and bonansa Americans, who were disgusted with the leveling tendencies of the age and anxious to be in touch with the House of Lords, found Mr.

Orade an amiable and certain guide to success. Nothing irritated this great man so much as the Insinuation that be was sn American; but all fair-minded men could see that a mere accident of birth waa hardly sufficient to wipe ut a proud ancestry of twenty gen. era iona of British butlers. Hla detractors soon learned this by the Impartial praise given to Kngltsh institutions and men, and by the virile independence of his ridicule of absurd American ideas and systems. When to thee evidences of sturdy genius he added all th minutiae of fashionable London life, gleaned from th backstairs and pantries ot Mayfair, New Tork could restrain itself no longer, and he was hailed as the highest type of cosmopolitan Journalism.

New Tork was soon to lose and gain him. His proud spirit resented th thralls ot American Journalism, and he divorced himself from it to come to New Tork' as the representative of that highest form of human thought, the London daily. To-day London is enabled to enjoy views ot American lit and politics such as are unknown to us. -and which only a special brain and training oould evolve. While Jenkins V.

Orade has been a tremendous lose to New Tork Journalism, hla career ia one ot its proudest annals, and his presence among us a boon far transcending even the leavening personality of other great men. Live of great men all remind us that greatness consists ia a noble us ot our gifts, and that th mule and Jackal may prov as great aa incentive to uplifting a th ant th was invited to Interview. The rise and dominance of this splendid young butler is an inspiration to every keynol litterateur in America, His portrait Is on sal at all th book, stores, two for a quarter, with aa autograph, THE STJXTA2TS EPITApa. Richard Henry Stoddard In Th Inde- pendent On day a soul mad man. from Allah's throne, i I wandered to this world of mortal men; A little while I waa a stranger here.

Now night comes, I return a stranger ther! I was th servant of a mighty king, Whoe court I left; I go to him again; Bowed down with eln and sorrow I return. Bearing with my sword and winding- aheetl A little while that heavenly bird, my soul. Was prisoned In the cage ot human life; But now th cage Is broken. I am gone The bird has flown back to its native sky I Farewell, my sweet companion, my! dear friends, No further stay Is mine; I leave you all. May you be-happy in th world of men.

May I happy in the world of souls 1 A lighthouse of bamboo has Just been built in Japan, It la said to hav greater power of resisting th wave than any other kind ot wood and doc aot rot cut ordinary wood. ODD SHIPS OF THE I'M. Novel Vessels Equipped: Bo tne United States. THEIR FIRST APPEARANCE ft Pantru Squadron, Floatlna Re---' pair Shops and Hospital Ships. WATER AND RAPID-FIRE.

GUNS All Necessaru Demands Can Be Met At Sea rwritten for th Courter-JournsXl HE United States haa lived up to Its reputation for novel ideas In the war with Spain, Th operations about Cuba gave rise to certain require ments unuaual In naval warfare. Each of these has been met by American ingenuity, and to-day th Government has afloat a little fleet of new and hitherto unknown ships of war. This fleet consists of halt a dozen vessels. Their mission is to succor th wounded, feed th fighters, provld water and to repair th fighting ships. Every on of them is a novelty in warfare, an American device, yet so quietly hav tley been irovlded that their ap- rpearanc has not We 'nerai tbing unusual.

In a few week they hav com to be accepted, as practical and necessary auxiliaries in modern naval operations. Hospital Ship. The proper car of th wounded was deemed so essential that th war was barely a settled fact befor both the army snd navy wer developing: ideas, which have resulted in the commission-ing of two ambulance or hospital ships, th Solace and th Th former th naval vessel, was the fin 1,800 ton steamship Creole, ot th Cromwell Line, Sha was selected by Surgeon General Van Reypen after careful consideration and. waa speedily converted into a float, ing hospital, being th first of its kind in th history of naval warfare. Th Solace sailed on her mission of mercy early in the war and ha been in constant us attending the blockading fleets and carrying th sick and wounded to Northern hospitals.

As befit her duty, she carries no guns nor weapons of any kind. The hull Is painted white, with a wide and prominent strip of green 'along th aides, which, with th Red Cross flying from th masthead, is supposed to convey its identity to th enemy. Every possible comfort and. medical contrivance can be found In th spacious wards. Two large steam launches form a part of the equipment, and an elevator has.

been constructed In th bow for the speedy conveyance of ths wounded to th operating room. Ths latter waa formerly th large forward saloon on th saloon deck. It Is splendidly adapted for ths purpose, th light and ventilation being perfeot. Th dispensary is located tn a convenient stateroom, and an adjoining stateroom has been fitted up aa a bath. Th operating table ar of th best make, and all the appliances tor ths oar of th wounded are of th latest Improved pattern.

Wounded officers ar cared for In what was formerly th saloon on th main deck, Th sailors ward is forward of this, and th hold has also been prepared with bunks In case of emergency. For the comfort ot con. valeaoent patients th women's steerage is fitted out with tables and book- A well-equipped laundry and a modern disinfecting plant form a part of th Solace's contribution to medical progress. Surgeon Thomas H. Street.

U. 3. with a carefully selected staff and a corps of trained men nurses look after the ill and wounded from ths different fleets. Th vessel itself is under th command of a naval officer. The War Department lost no tim in following th example set by th navy, and shortly, after the Solace was placed in commission the steamer John Englls of th Main Steamship Company, waa purchased and converted Into an ambulance ship.

Under Its new name. Relief. It is an entirely different vessel. The military authorities had th benefit ot th navy's experience In fitting out th Solace, and th Relief is therefor equipped to better advantage. Ther ar flv wards on th latter craft, two on th promenade deck for and aft.

two on th main deck and another on th after berth deck. Fully (00 wounded men can be accommodated, th wards alone tak. ing 360. The interior fittings ar the finest procurable, th wards and operating rooms being covered with rubber tiling. The ship carries an ice plant capable of producing- 200 tons a day, a disinfecting plant, and a complete electrio plant for Incandescent lighting.

Ther Is also a carbonator for supplying mineral water, which is assuredly a decided novelty in steamships ot any class. In th laboratory of this remarkable vessel will be found several X-ray outfits to aid in locating bullets, a microscopic department and a well-equipped photographic dark room. Th Relief. Ilk th Solace, is painted white, and has aa olive-green band along th sides. Th surgical staff consists of an army surgical director, lght aMtftaat P.byjlafls, agd corps section a of hospital stewards, and thirty mala and female aursea Ths Bafrlg-srator Ship.

In close touch with ths relief of the ill and wounded or a military i the car of th welL Th maintenance. of health depends directly on th quality 1 of food and water supplied to th soldier and saUor. This question early received 4, recognition from th authorities In Washington, and the result was the fitting ot several store or supply ships tor the pre servation and transportation of food. These refrigerating vessels, for that Is practically what they ar. hav proved to be the most valuable additions to our modern navy.

With, their aid, th system of feeding a ship's' company has -been entirely changed for th better. Admiral Sampson's fleet off Cuba has been regularly supplied with fresh meat and vegetables, and tha crews, instead ot being compelled to subsist on naval "salt horse." find their mesa kids filled with choice cuts of beef sad tton. That Jack will fight better wt well fed la a self-evident truth. At present ther are three of these novel ships, or "pantries, aa th facetious naval officers call them. They are the Supply, Celtic and Glacier.

Th Supply, formerly th Illinois, a well-known American liner, was th first to be fitted out. She Is now with Admiral Sampson's fleet, and ths splendid work she has don distributing fresh meats and provisions has thoroughly proved the success of th new Idea. The Caitia ws originally an Australian trader called ths Celtic King. She has a ra- paclty ot about 1.200 tons ot freight besides th refrigerating compartments. Th latter form th unique feature of the vessel's equipment.

are three In number and are located 'tween decks, forward ot the engine-rooms. The re- frigeratlng apparatus, which cost th round sum ot 160,000, I so complete that It is possible to maintain a temperature ot 10 degrees month after month. The three compartments are so arranged that fresh meats can be kept tn one. vege. tables In the second and ice in the third.

When the Celtic Bailed on her first trip South she carried 300,000 pounds of fresh, beef and mutton. 300,000 pounds of fresh vegetables and 450 tons of Ice. A mere bagatelle Ilk that does not go very far, however, when one takes into consideration th fact that each man and boy In Admiral Sampson's fleet is entitled by law to 1, pounds of meat and th same quantity of vegetables each day. The Glacier, formerly th Port Chalmers, was originally christened th Del. monlco.

but certain pressure exercised In Washington caused th Secretary of th Navy to rename her. Her equipment is similar to that of the others, and. Ilk them, she has been armed with aa efficient battery for us In case of attack. In view ot ths fact that Spain ha shown a tendency to Ignore eved the Red Cross, It Is not to be expected that she would hesitate to capture our supply Tmh. Drinking' Water.

On of th most Important items concerning th sanitary condition of a navy is th supplying of potable wntr to th crews. Each modern warship Is pro-1 Tided with distillers for th conversion ot salt water Into fresh, but experiments hav shown that sweet water can bo produced at less cost on board ships fit-: ted for that special purpon than on 1 cruising vessels. When it was defi- nitely settled that a large fleet would! have to be maintained off th coast of 1 Cuba, the Government fitted out a' steamship called th Iris. Th lat-est improved apparatus tor distilling water. Twelve evaporators, invented by an American naval engineer named Geo.

W. Baird, were placed on board, and arrangements made for an output of; 0,000 gallons a day. Careful estimates show that th Irle can supply SVOOtf men with water for all purposes sav bathing each, twenty-four hours, Th ncWnmMt "kwMr water uniuiitmn'' as it is called by I a. Include a vessel former I known th Norse King, and a dose. or mor steam lighters, each of which, is fitted with, tanks for storage of distilled water.

With this fleet in commission, ther need no tear that our brav blue-Jackets will suffer for that greatest boon Id the tropics, good drinking water. A floating Kachins Shop. An artlcl on vessels created by tha exigencies of our war with Bpaln would not be complete without mentioning th repair ship Vulcan. Although It 1 now" evident that the Spanish warships are incapable of doing any material damage to- our vessels, th Idea of bavins; a floating repair shop is still a good on. Th Vulcan was formerly the merchant steamer Chatham.

Just prior to tha commencement of th war, Chief Engineer Melville, at th head of th engi-. Bearing department of th navy, recommended th fitting of a floating machln hop to remain with Admiral Sampson's fleet and repair any damages that could not be looked after by the fore on board. His recommendation waa promptly accepted, and th plans wer left to him. Th Vulcan as sh now la haa no equal afloat. Sh is a fully equipped machine shop with plat bending rolls, punching and sheering machines, lathe for turning castings of nearly any sis, planers, drills and milling machines, blowers, pip cutters, forges and grindstones.

There is a plant on board for making any possible repair to a warship, and it th necessity arose, even rapid-fir guns of small caliber oould be turned out by th Vulcan's Working force. Th orw number 200 men. of whom almost, one-half are expert machinists. Bom of th finest engineers in th coun. try can found on ths ship's roll.

Lieut. Com. Ira Harris, th captain of the Vulcan, was formerly the general manager of a large Chicago drop forgo concern, and among th chief engineer ar Gardiner Sims. Prof. Aldrich.

ot th University of West Virginia, a well-known electrical expert, and Frederics; Nelison. It la claimed by the Government that no mechanical plant in. th world is better equipped for matin repairing than that maintained on board th United State repair ship Vulcan. Ther is one truth which must occur In reviewing th wonderful efforts mad by th Government to provld our armies and fleets with everything calculated to promote auoceaa, and that Is th enormous cost. Of th million a day aid to be expended in prosecuting th war, not th least Item la th navy and its adjuncts.

Americans can tak prid to their hearts, however. In th face that they ar teaching warfare to old pupils. Then, again, it need not for. gotten that Spain will pay th freight. H.

LEWIS. Soldiers Mostly American Bora. Lirmy and Navy Journal. la examining th lists of soldiers km-d and wounded befor Santiago on la struck by th great proportion of what -might termed distinctively American names which appear. It baa been common belief that th majority ot oub regular soldiers wer foreigners, and tha hasty deduction was mad that they, wer of th floating population, fighting simply for their pay, and distinctly inferior mentally, morally and physically.

In a list of 170 wounded. 130 bor American names fully 70 per cent. and think Justifiable to claim that fully one-half of those having Irish names were born in this country. Consequently, if this list is a typ of all. at least 80 per cent of our army must be American born.

This Is very gratifying to know. All reports from correspondents and disinterested people unite in praising th fin physique, general intelligence and good conduct of our enlisted men. Of their conduct' llT battl th losses they sustained at Santiago is th best proof, and it Is sratlfvtn to un pride to now know that ther ar srac- I -r; itvati, es auikuU casjsss -4 4r Sfc. SB-WW I 1 It.