The Miami News from Miami, Florida • 21

TITE MIAMI NEWS. Sunday, Fer.rr.srr 16, MM 3B Will History Repeat Itself? Al This Rale We'll Never Know When Vice President Takes Over 3 On Wednesday, February It, 19M, President Dwlghl Elsenhower, fared with defining recession and unemployment which, according to government statistics, hai mushroomed to the i'i million mark, issued a statement which said: On March 7, J9M Herbert Hoover, then president of the t'nlted Slatei, Uiued a statement on the growing depression which confronted the nation and which was to become catastrophic before the economic and employment situation improved. He said; "All the evidence Indicates Argentina To Control Sports, Art By HERBERT M. CLARK fttmlal to Tka Miami timt BUENOS AIRES. Feb.

15 -Argentina set a record in wel-fare-state paternalism this week by spreading benevolent official wings over all artistic, scientific and sports activities. The multiple measures will cost the federal treasury an In 28 Years Apart i A m. i ii in i "Every Indication li that March will commence to te the itart of a pickup In Job op-porlunltiei. That should mark the beginning of the end of the that the worst effect of the (stock market) crash on employment will have been passed IKE HOOVER 1 downturn In our economy. during the next days." TflSEff rmmtMstxiwem Recession Portents Loomed Months Ago Jobless Total Shocks U.S.

To Action if liWililii -ta- CM it i ft m. mm. 71 i mm ma 5,000,000 I Jonuory Torol ai A 4,494,000 Wm lm 4,000,000 3,000,000 By VERNE O. WILLIAMS Rrwarrk atari Tlx Miami M.wa Who decides that a president Is disabled when he can't or won't decide for himself? That apparently simple question, often debated because of President Eisenhower's three illnesses, has once more run into a roadblock. In recent weeks, a special House subcommittee worked up a bill largely satisfactory to Congress which would answer it.

But their proposed solution has been rejected by the Eisenhower administration which has plan of its own. Let's take a look at the problem, which has intriguing pos-' sibilities, and at the suggested cures. The original shortcoming is In the U.S. Constitution, which says merely that if a president can't perform his duties, they shall "devolve on the vice president." Ne Help There Unfortunately, this provides neither for anyone to say Just when the vice president lakes over, or just when the president has recovered sufficiently to get the job back. A balky president might refuse to admit his in capacity and an unscrupulous vice president might refuse to surrender his new powers.

Incidentally, President Eisenhower after his first heart attack said emphatically that Congress should take remedial action. Disagree On Members Plainly, the solution is to provide a high-ranking body of men who by vote decide when the president is disabled. The question is: Who shall constitute this body? Unfortunately, this is where Congress and the administration disagree. Both want the power to decide. As explained by former Attorney General Herbert Brown-ell before the House Judiciary "Committee last year, the administration feels this decision should "remain" in the hands of the executive branch.

Specifically, Mr. Brownell proposed that the power of disability decision should rest with the president's 10-man cabinet, riiipatrirk In lh Si. Loun Poit-Dlipatth It Could Happen Here 2,000,000 itial 500,000,000 pesos (nearly $14,000,000) but will earn provisional President Pedro Arambu-ru a place among history's most free-handed benefactors. In each of the three fields President Aramburu has created 15-man National Councils responsible directly to the President. The mission of the National Arts Fund, first to be established, is broadly defined as "to stimulate, develop and reward all artistic activities." Specifically, the Council will establish scholarships for painting, sculpture, music, literature and dramatic arts.

It will subsidize art galleries, concert halls and book publishers, and support the stage by financing theaters and sponsoring road companies on both foreign and interior tours. The Treasury is to assign additional funds annually as needed, but operating capital is to 'grow also from a series of special taxes, including a five per cent levy on all radio and television commercials and a 10 per cent tax on admittances to dances or concerts using recorded instead of live music. In addition, President Aramburu has invented a novel literary category by placing works on which copyrights have lapsed into what he calls the "paying public domain." with the government to collect royalties on future reprints. The National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations will also benefit by future taxes and "will welcome donations." It will be partly self-supporting, however, since its services will be available to private industry for a fee and it will be permitted to own patents on processes and inventions worked out in the laboratories it is to establish. 1,000,000 1949 '50 '51 '52 '53 '54 '55 '56 '57 1958 Miami Newi Chart By Eldr.di.

returning control lo the While House party, since the secretary of state would throw the deciding vote in the event of a partisan split. But Speaker Rayburn told newsmen that under this plan the vice president would take a limited oath of office specifying that he was exercising the powers of the president only temporarily. And it would he done by a simple law, not a constitutional amendment Hit Objection Later the same day, Attorney General William Rogers said he would recommend a presidential veto for any such bill. In effect, he repeated the administration stand that the cahinet, not Congress, must pass on a president's disability. In addition, Mr.

Rogers argued, the change should be made by constitutional amendment, a process requiring ratification by three-quarters of the states. Otherwise, though he didn't say so, Congress could in the future change its mind and amend the law to give itself the power to decide. And there the matter rests, caught in the old trap of executive versus legislative whose succession to power they feared because it would make him a well nigh unbeatable presidential candidate in I960. And standing firm against any change in the Constitution was the powerful speaker of the House, Representative Sam Rayburn of Texas. Offer New Tlan Last week, however, Speaker Rayburn gave his endorsement to a compromise bill under study by a special five-man House subcommittee headed by Emanuel Celler (D-NV).

This bill would provide an eight-man commission to pass on presidential disability. Its members would be the vice president, secretary of state, speaker of House, president protein of the Senate, and the Democratic and Republican leaders from House and Senate. In its early version, the proposal made only the vice president a non-voting member. Tltis was objected to by the Republicans since the remaining six votes would be dominated by the party controlling Congress, currently the Democrats. So, Mr.

Rayburn agreed to a compromise that would make the House speaker and the Senate president also non-voting members. This has the effect of Arm Economy Reels But Future Is Bright Hr Th XraMtnh Stuff Of Th. Miami Nfw. Miami so far has weathered two storms: 1. The national recession; 2.

The worst winter in years. There is no doubt that Miami and its neighbors have lost some of their expected money. Tourists who didn't come because of the bad weather; tourists who departed earlier because of bad weather; and tourists who were held to gazing at TV sets in hotel lobbies instead of following oth- Swrrfc Staff af Th Miami The Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics last week fired the most spectacular shot since the Fussians put their first Sputnik Into the air in October. The statistic gathering organization launched a figure: 4.S million people in the United Stales jobless, the highest figure since 19.50 with prospects of going higher during February. Remember what happened right after Sputnik Recall that: our schools weren't as good as the Russians; the Democrat! hadn't spent enough on scientific research; the succeeding Republicans didn't give hoot about moon playthings; the scientists were too few In number; Charlie Wilson had cut the research budget too '-much.

We fizzled a much publicized But now the Explorer Is buzzing around in outer apace, marked "Made and Xaunched by the U.S.A." We're moving in missiles, and in that respect, the nation has relaxed a bit. There's still a lot of "I told you so" talk as we look back at signs which could have been read if foresight and been as good as hindsight. Bulld-l'p Not Sudden And there's a lot of that hind-sight to be related in the present business recession which ii the concern of many businessmen and the unem- ployed. The buildup to the present Ugh unemployment figure is 'not nudden affair. The situa- tion worse in areas which are laryly industrial or mining.

For the last two years, most i them have been showin a decline in activity. Their kild-up in unemployment Is not Ridden. More than a year ago the arlmiiiftation in Washington was Msed that something should be done to help employing in Detroit. New Eng- 1 land ha been crying the blues for mm than two years. Pitts-; burgh a been hard-hit for aar.

The coal and miraj areas declined. Then las been a big straw In the md for more than two declining profits by farmeriwhich resulted in few- er and fewer sales of heavy farm eifipment and a decline In the smbcr of small farm- ers. imght Inflation But ttee signs came along with a distant rise in the cost of livinj. Nationally, the ad-ministrasm fought the great bugaboo A inflation. There tame a steady stream of inflaion curbing moves: higher rjscount rates by the Federal ijr-serve Banks to take money oit of circulation; less sttractivtiFHA loans to keep the Homebuilding industry from going overboard and building too mucr; bigger margins for trading on the stock exchange; Ordered "to promote, coordinate and orientate work in the fields of pure and applied science," it is to set up scholarships, create and award prizes, and have general charge of the publication of scientific treatises.

The Council of National Sports is aimed primarily at youngsters and playgrounds with an eye on future world plus the vice president. He suggested this be done by an amendment to the constitution. This viewpoint was not shared by many Congressmen. A number of Democrats even said it might be a plot to slip in Vice President Richard M. Nixon, tight money everywhere to curb the rising cost of living.

It was inevitable that the trou-. ble spots ignored because inflation in general "had to be curbed" would begin to reflect in the national economy. Fewer tractors, trucks and cars could be sold to farmers, displaced machinists, out-of-work factory hands. Fewer houses could be built. Fewer refrigerators could be sold.

Big industry depends on the whole nation, and parts of the nation have been going slowly downhill despite the uphill race of other parts. As after Sputnik there now is consternation. The President has spoken: traditional employment decline in February will mean more unemployment, but things will begin to pick up in March. The steel industry and several other big ones predicted the same thing weeks before the BLS unemployment figure came out. Second Stage Here Now we are in the secondary stage: everybody is analyzing and predicting.

Congress is pointing with anger. And there is now a steady stream of things to cure the situation that was seen dimly in the offing, but brightly only in the glare of the BLS spotlight: FHA loans are being made easier; 11 of the 12 Federal Reserve Districts have eased up on the tight money policy by dropping discount rates; FNMA has eased its curb on home building; defense spending is being resumed; attention is being given to specific trouble spots through planned public spending; the big super-highway program is being implemented. There's even talk of cutting income taxes to let the little man have a few more dollars to spend. If the little man gets unwor-ried and starts spending, there's bound to be a spiral of re-employment to get the industrial production back up. In a few months, we may interpret the BLS figure the same as Sputnik It's a good thing they fired it it woke up Meet Ex-Proher Bernard Schwartz He Set Off Washington Fireworks 4, tt tJ 1 'a er endeavors didn't spend any money.

The loss in hotel and motel rentals in January has been estimated at $10,000,000 and that's so much money that won't come later. More Bankruptcies There probably ill be a higher than normal rate of bankruptcy petitions from small merchants, especially on Miami Beach. They stocked up for busine.ss which didn't come their way. Apartment owners and house owners who counted on the high-rate rentals for January and much of February didn't fare too well. Listed vacancies in the first two weeks of February have run roughly three times normal for the period.

And the weather hit the agricultural income of the county by decimating the rich midwinter vegetable crops. It sounds like everybody in Greater Miami should be crying the blues. But that isn't the case. Store Sales Up Department store sales In January exceeded those of the previous year, following a rousing December business; foreclosures and repossessions on time buyers have decreased; savings have mounted, However, on the darker side of the local economic picture, the Florida State Employment Service reports unemployment In the Miami area jumped 9.7 per cent from mid-December to mid-January. Figures show that unemployment ranks were swelled by more than l.ooo, increasing from 15,400 to 16,900.

This situation is more discouraging because the normal rise in employment In January failed to materialize. But returning to the brighter side of economic conditions: The growth we have enjoyed for the last several years in new business, new industry, and new population is continuing at a rate fast enough to offset the losses brought by the bad weather to agriculture and tourism. Future Promising And there is promise of continued growth in aviation, in electronic plants allied with the expanding defense program in missiles, in heavy construction by expanding merchants and shopping centers, and in public works to build more schools and better traffic arteries. In others words, Miami is gaining faster than it is losing. If the bad weather hadn't come, In all likelihood we would have set new records galore in many lines of business and industry.

Take real estate as an example of firmness: Sales have slowed because of bad weather and the artificial tight money policy. But prices have held. Bargain hunters looking for distress sales are having no luck. shy. i say he's a would-be Napoleon out for glory and power.

Been Called Liar The New York Times has called him "a man of bounce and brilliance." Some of his antagonists on the House subcommittee have called him, among other things, "a contemptible liar." One thing is certain. Bernard Schwartz rh.D, is an unusual type among scholars a man of action. Slender, dark-haired and high-strung, he is a boy wonder who went through seven years of law school at NYU and the College of the City of New York in four years. He then took a doctorate In law at Harvard, where he had difficulty getting admitted because of his lightning passage through earlier studies. But New Jersey Judge Arthur T.

Vanderbilt came to his aid, reminding Harvard that it had likewise turned down another promising young man, Alexander Hamilton, 200 years before. An art lover and collector of classical music, Schwartz lives with his wife a former student of his and a five-year-old son in the Bohemian quarter near Washington Square. On Leave He took leave from his post as head of NYU's Institute of Comparative Law last fall to serve as the committee's counsel. His recommendation came from Rep. Moss (D-Calif.) to whom he had served as consultant during a previous investigation of restrictions on government information.

He was in hot water with some of the subcommittee members and government officials almost from the outset. A sharp, brisk questioner, he sometimes jabs hard as in this little exchange with FCC Chairman John C. Doerfer: Snapped Schwartz: "I'm not Rwarrk Staff af Tka Miami Nw What sort of man is ex-prob-er Bernard Schwartz? Plainly, no ordinary young lawyer is going to turn a routine survey of six government agencies into Washington's hottest investigative controversy in many a month. This is what 34-year-old law professor Schwartz did last week as counsel of the House subcommittee on legislative oversight. And in the course of vigorously laying about among those who cut off his probe of the Federal Communications Commission, he dragged a Miami TV channel allotment right into the national gaze.

There are two views of the peppery Dr. Schwartz. His friends say he is simply an honest, forthright brilliant young man doing his public duty. His enemies, of whom he has made more than a few, DR. BERNARD SCHWARTZ From Professor To Prober asking you what your opinion was five minutes ago.

I'm asking what it is now." The chances are most people would never have heard of this routine subcommittee's work without the sharp questions of Mr. Schwartz. Whether he has uncovered major government corruption or merely a molehill of expense accounts, he is going to be remembered around Washington this year. Five Cartoonists' Reaction To The Current Economic Slump i "i i i i. 1 1 1 1 14 1 1 1 1 i fife, TAilkl nA) fi3 i -v Mfcr IMsm wl Hym mms? wfr-j ii i-i 4tri ma fa IV.

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