The Miami News from Miami, Florida • 7

THE MIAMI METROPOLIS IJ. in -t'f Ml fS if 'mm; 1 -Xril, Ji II i-v erection In fact, Belgrade was In the) heights of what we Americana ceil si "Boom," but the workmen had to osj turned Into soldiers and only the older men were left at the work. There Is a fine university In the oily, several good looking banks and pretty opera house. Bfnsks and Literature. The Servians love music, both vocal and Instrumental.

-Their principal musical instruments are the gos- A Description of the Manners and Cukloms of the Little Country Which Played Such An Important Part in the Recent Balkan Wars. other agricultural tools; second, an old law by which every peasant having some land was bound to contribute after every harvest some corn or wheat to the Municipal Provident Magazine. This Magazine loans In time of need corn for consumption or sowing at a very moderate Interest. The third is a custom known as "Moba" the whole population of the village going to help a poor peas sel and tambura. The former Is made of maple, the cavity being covered by a tightly stretched skin' and the strings are formed from horsehair.

The short but highly arched bow has also horsehair for Its strings. cal parties which exist In every country. King Peter has several children, one of whom. Prince Alexander, will shortly be betrothed to one of the daughters of the Czar of Russiaanother important move in the game of European chess. Religion.

The Greek Church is the religion of Servla, and while there is some superstition among the peasants the educated Servian Is singularly free from many of the beliefs of the Slav races. The women are rather pretty, and the peasant class is fond of bright colors, fancy embroidery and gaudy head dresses. Jewelry Is popular especially, and they wear beads of every variety. Their shoes are rather -1 14 v. nil "sr Vir 1 ant, cut his harvest and store It away The tambura is used to accompany curious, being made of plaited leather and turned up In front like the run pj AT daws in corner of the fcH Ballon Stataa tben ia a.

fertile JTjJ UtU sountrr aaied Servla. It la on of the pawns In the great came of ebaea now being played by the Duropeen powers, and uat what tbe ultimate outcome of this Same win be bo on can predict with aar decree of eertaintjr. Tbe treaty at Buahareat changed tbe map of the Balkans and Ra.vo Serrta more aubjeeta, mostly Albanian. These people proved to be a set of scorpions, for leas than two months after this treaty was slewed they formed an army and commanded by Bulgarian and Austrian offioers they succeeded In regaining a part the territory and butchering several hundred Servian soldiers. Tbss forced the little country into a third war while thousands of her soldiers were lying wounded and her land was being ravaged by the cholera.

When the first Balkan war oo-eurred Bervla had money in her treasury and was able to furnish 'everything an army needed. This campaign was hard and long but the smaller countries won out against Turkey. Then came the division of the spoils, and the Servians who had fcught so valiantly were given the short end of the deal and they refused to submit to such injustice. Greece and Roumanla felt the same way In the matter, so before the demobilisation of the army from the first war began little Bervla was plunged Into one with Bulgaria which was even more horrible than the first. The treasury had been strained to the limit in the war with Turkey, yet Servla went Into the second war with a vim that surprised the world, and Just as her victory was nearly won the powers intervened and forbade the further humiliation of the savage Bulgarians.

At present Servla is In the throes, of trouble with Albania, and old men and boys are now doing military service, not against their wills, for they have come into the recruiting station begging to be taken. The writer, who has but recently returned from Servla, has watched these people as they came Into the barracks. They know the awful trials they will have to undergo, with many times only bread and water for food, yet they are eager and ready to suffer even unto death for the glory of Servla. The fortitude the Servians have shown In battle Is little short of marvelous, and their endurance, their patient suffering and their absolute fidelity to duty under all clrcum-stances have placed the little country in a new light before the world. That they deserve to win out is unquestioned, but whether or not they will receive their Just deserts Is a matter of conjecture, for unfortunately some of the larger countries of Europe think llttie of crushing a smaller nation, especially If that nation has fertile land.

Early History. No country on the face of the glob has had more- trials and tribulations than this little land, and her history reads like a romance. At the beginning of the seventh century the race in good time. This useful custom is attended with picturesque scenes, for after the day's work Is done the peasants go to the home of the man whose harvest they have gathered, where, after a prayer, there ia a meal not always elaborate. This Is followed by the young people spending the evening in singing and dancing.

The peasant's house consists of a large kitchen, with a square opening for the chimney, and one or two ad-Joining rooms. The kitchen la the dining room and living room as well. Under the house there Is a cellar where the wine, plum whiskey winter store of vegetables are kept. This usually consists of cabbage, sauerkraut, potatoes, onions and paprika. The winter supply of meat, salted beef and pork, is kept hanging In the open chimney.

That Servla is an agricultural country is evidenced from the fact that eighty-two per cent, of her entire population (nearly 8,000,000) are 'peasants. Belgrade. Belgrade, the capital. Is the educational and social centre of the country. It Is a pretty little city of seventy thousand, and is beautifully located at the Junction of the Save and Danube Rivers.

When war was declared against Turkey the Servians were busy beautifying their capital; the streets were being paved with concrete, a new palace and a new parliament house were In course of singers and is not unlike a mandolin. Dancing is one of the principal amusements, the favorite one being not unlike a quadrille. Servla Is rich in literature, both in science and poetry, but unfortunately very little of It has been translated' Into English except the 'works of Doctor Cvlylsb, whose geographical researches in the Balkan States have! been translated into several One of the great electrical men of the age, Nikola Tesla, now a citizen of the United States Is a Few Servian women have been writ-; ers of any note. Zmay Zovar Vovan-. ovtch, who died In 1904, was success-! ful as a writer of verse and translator, and one Is surprised to And such poems as Enoch Arden in the Servian language In Belgrade bookstores.

During the last years of his life Vovanovtch wrote poems of child life which are highly regarded by his countrymen. We owe some of our best known proverbs to Servla. among them the following: "It is better to serve a good man than to give orders to a bad man. "It is better to be poor and honest than rich and dishonest. "Who Judges hastily will repent quickly.

"The fools build the houses; the wise men buy thsnt when they are ready. "Where the devil cannot cause a mischief there he sends aa old woman and she does It." of Slavs known as Servians were living on the northern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains and were divided into different States. During the tenth and eleventh centuries attempts were made to units these provinces Into one kingdom, but It was not until the last part of the twelfth century that this was accomplished. The family of Xemanya, the Great Zupan of the Province of Rashka, then became the reigning family and ruled from 116 until 1371. Stephen Kemanya took for himself the title of king but was never crowned, but this honor came to his son Stephen, who was formally crowned as the first Servian king In 1222.

During the reign of the Nemanyich dynasty she litt'. kingdom was constantly menaced by Its neighbors and finally In 1389 It was subdued by the Turks when the flower of the Servian aristocracy perished in the battle of Kossova In their final struggle against the enemy. The Sultan, however, did not finally take charge of the country until 1469, and from that time until 18S7 it was ruled by the Turks. During these centuries of Mohammedan rule the 'Servians were oppressed to such an extent that revolution and Insurrections were almost yearly occurrences. After the fortress at Belgrade had been regained from the Turks the Obrenovlch dynasty cama Into power.

Internal strife caused the assassination of Prince Michael in a park near Belgrade a year later and King Milan became the ruler. His reign was a troubled one on account of domestic Infelicity, and after ha divorced Queen Natalie he was forced to abdicate in favor of his son Alexander In 1899. This young man was pampered by the Servian nobility and ruined by being allowed to do exactly as ho pleased. He sowed his wild oats In an open fashion and Anally outraged the decency of the people by marrying his mistress, Draga Mashln, and placing her on the Servian throne. In 1903 King Alexander and Queen Draga were assassinated and their bodies thrown from the window of the old palace at Belgrade, -v The present King Peter Kara-georgevich was the next ruler.

From that Urns until the first Balkan war, about eighteen months ago, Servla lived In comparative peace except for the trivial troubles between the politi ner of a sleigh. No heels are used. Heavy stockings are worn, and when long walks are to be taken straps fastened to the shoes are bound about the leg almost to the knee. The people are hard-working and thrifty, for while their farms are not large and agricultural Implements of the crudest kind the crops compare favorably with those of the larger countries. This Is all the more to their credit from the fact that their land does not lie together, but is generally composed of parcels which are very often wide apart and much of the farmer's time is taken up In going from one plat to the other.

Iawa Prevent Poverty. No Servian peasant will suffer from poverty If he will work, except at the present time, when the country la In a state of war. There are three peculiar Institutions which guard against poverty. First, there is a law passed in 1878 by virtue of which a minimum of a peasant's property cannot be sold for debt five acres of land, a pair of oxen, plough and Government Women Who Hold Unique Or Lucrative Jobs FINE FEATHERS and GLAD RAIMENT SUCH a great deal has been wrlt-ful results of a woman doing a man's work that It Is Interest-ten, and said, about the ing to note the effect upon the colony of femlntnes working for Uncle Sam The "Blind Reader" of the Post Office Department -AnExpert Tester of Tea A Woman Who Literally Burns Up Money An Indian Woman Who Looks Out for Her People's Claims Stenographers and Secretaries Who Earn "Big 'Money" At the Capitol. yOR long man has been the only male bird who did not wear the jl gay plumage of the family! It is the peacock who dazzles the eye by the brilliancy of his fan and at Washington.

Strangely, the moat difficult and the husband of the ostrich family ceives only about the same compensa whose feathers are the fluffiest. And tion as is given some employee who Is but a cog in the wheel. man used to shine as the chief orna A Governmental Cup of Tea. Dr. E.

Alberta Read is an expert ment of the household, too. 'when he wore a velvet buskin whatever that is high-heeled boots, huge fur muffs unique positions are not, as a rule, the best paying. And while there are women in possession of as good if not better positions than the men working around them, their number is not anything like so great. Certain departments appear more partial to the fair sex than others, and Just now the Treasury and Post Office Departments are regarded as the "tea tester." although the hoi polloi are facetiously inclined to spell It and hat with long waving plumes. with an And, of course, she while the women of the family trailed about in sad, dun-colored clothing.

dees taste the tea. If she Is so in But then came a long period of clined, but not to determine Its purity. For years Uncle Sam had known that sombre togs, frdm which the lord and he was being deceived by the astute Oriental, who added certain artificial master of the home is Just emerging. Globe trotters, who stepped from -the gangplanks of the finest steamships, three winters ago electrified waiting stayed for a year and a half with the Cleveland Miss Sanger handles postal and cable matters, the annual message of the Postmaster General to the President, half a dozen other office details' and receives about $1,800 a despite her lifetime of special fitness. Miss Lillian Norton, of the Division of Finance.

Is a wonder at figures, and no mere man could dare poke fun at her accounts or attempt to straighten out any tangle she might make in estimating. She, likewise, would have to "pass up" the nest egg of eighteen hundred per annum should she consider matrimony. Over at the Indian Office there is Mrs. Marie Baldwin, half-breed Indian woman, who has the pleasure of passing on claims for rfier people as a clerk. She fulfills her duties so well that she receives equal salary with men who handle land cases there.

Youth Essential at Capitol. Only within the past decade has the colony of workers up at the Capitol become a factor in the life of the Government woman. Here youth counts for more than Few of the stenogra properties to Toung Hyson, Bohea. or Oolong at will and defied Occidental detection. Laboratories and chemists were alike maintained at much expense without arriving at any quick Americans by the gaudiness of their could put all the lavish spenders of the earth to shame as.

In company with several members of the "opposite sex," she daily handles and counts and burns up a princely fortune in greenbacks but It doesn'tl Until last year no woman had attempted the trying ordeal of standing mutely by and watching millions burn Miss Lester, however, regards It. literally, as so much "kale" and manages to smile and grow plump on a very modest salary. Pioneer White House Typist. Certain clerks in the Post OfBce Department consider that Miss Alice B. Sanger has a favored position because she Is In the office of the Chief Clerk, but she knows it means heavier work.

Miss 8anger was a pioneer among women stenographers In Washington. "I learned shorthand In Indiana," she explained, "from an obliging court reporter. Man? Of course he was a man! We had practically no women stenographers there In those days, and as for a college of stenography where girls might study, why such an idea would have been laughed at. "Well, I was a friend of the Harrison family and after mastering shorthand I went into the office of the economical method for "testing" the English national beverage. Then Dr.

Read put aside all thought portunity to meet marriageable men. Mrs. Marlon M. Martin, secretary to Representative Underwood and clerk to the Committee on Ways and Means, officially receives $1,000 a year; but there is no law against her making a i third again that much if she cares to do extra work for any of her Committee and the hours enable a hustler to accomplish it, Perhaps Miss Lillian M. Reesch Is the best known of all the stenographers at the Capitol.

She Is really private secretary, clerk and general factotum around the office of Mr. South Trimball, Clerk of the House, for there Isn't a detail of the day's routine with which she Is unfamiliar. She receives $1,400 a year, but that Is Just a part of her earnings. Miss Reesch Is an unusually finished manipulator of the keys and Juggler of the little shaded marks which mean so much or so little. Many moons ago she learned that hardest of feminine lessons not to tattle, and It has been a paying investment.

A man of important affairs, 1 the Import of which would interest many people, knows that he can find In Miss Reesch a rapid shorthand transcriber, a competent typewriter and a woman who will forget what he has dictated before he leaves the office. So she enjoys an enviable addition to her regular wages. Highest Salaried Woman. According to the report of the Secretary of the Senate, Leon a M. Wells Is the highest salaried woman at the CarpitoL She is listed as "assistant clerk," and receives 12.608 per annum.

Mls Theresa M. Curtis, clerk to the Committee on Coast Defenses, receives $2,250 a year and so do five other young women there for like services. Eighteen hundred a year is received by something less than a dozen graduates of business colleges, and where a girl is willing and competent to do the work of both secretary and stenographer aha receives double compensation for Congress allows the sum, and it can be expended aa the Congressman best sees at. Has a Difficult Job, No article on Government women, laboring as a class or as Individuals, could be complete without mention of Miss Julia Lathroo. She la heart that go to make up the usual college boy's regalia.

Because Milady's hat la oval crowned so must be her escort's derby and there never was a more apt Illustration of the claim that "he who laughs last grins with delight." For two seasons mankind in America has been poking fun at the headgear which came down over the ears of their women relations and friends; this winter that man is an oddity who does not peer oat. and up from, his hat brim like a mouse ander a sifter. Little brother wears big brother's bat and the latter orders one two atses too large for his cranium. Suits for day wear axe rat esnl-mllltary. with sloping shoulder seams a la kimona; have collars that are cut in one rounded pteoe.

saAS the notch, and deral-cnffs. plus one bona button. The length of the coat Is according to the temerity of Its wearer. The really English loolrtng outfits appear to have been left in the wet overnight until they shrunk up around one's elbows, knees said hips. Men who don't care a continental about the consplcuousneas of being "the first to wear the new" are appearing In the "lapel-lees" eoat.

la imitation of the same sort for women, vhile the really swagger men foaks are trying not to look conscious of their stripes end succeeding about as wetl ss an escaped convict. These stripes run up end dowa nearly every black, blue, or brown sirlt, and reage from the narrowest pin stripes a vertical band, so broad the timet wa when a. negro minstrel would have hesitated to "down stage" thws arrayed. Black and white seems to have the masculine fancy for the moment. Sach suits may be worn in the morning with a dark crimson English square; in the afternoon with a pearl grey tie and at night when one does sot care to "drees" with light waistcoat of the high-buttoned variety) and look equally appropriate to the occasion.

Wearing a blue hat, blue overcoat and a blue" suit the average man looks as tf he needed only blue shoes to complete the ensemble. And rumor has it that the bootmakers resent this harvest by all the other branches of "the trade" and threaten to Introduce some startling novelties of their own. As it is, the yellow shoes and chamois gloves of orange hue, quite eclipse the gayest efforts of the matinee girl. She Is left wondering whether the "mean old things" won't President-to-be. When he started campaigning I was made his personal 1 i I i- T'Hi fintftiirrt mil an- -fcr phers of feminine persuasion, have reached the thirty mark In life's tide line; most of them have not yet lived a quarter of a century.

They must be capable stenographers not necessarily rapid ones neat looking, and able to refrain from gossiping about matters legislative. And for that list of accomplishments they receive from 81,200 to (1.440 to 82.2S0 a year, with long vacations, many privileges and an op- hats and hosiery and the rumor went forth that "men are going to wear GREEN hats!" The conservative replied that there always were, and will be. certain extremists to dresa regardless of taste, but that "no man who amounted to anything" would so defy the amenities. Last winter more than one male Individual whose voice Is heard In councils of the noted bought himself a verdant-hued chapeau and tried not to show that he felt as nervous aa a debutante In her first long dresa He "was too much In the minority, however. to feel that superiority which accompanies the correctly garbed.

But this autumn the male creature boldly asserted his hereditary right to be the human rainbow of his Grandfather and grandson consider It not only right, but necessary, to wear blue velour hats and not any dull, dark blue. Indigo which looks black at night, either, but the vivid, unmistakable blue and blue vicuna, or chinchilla, overcoats. This departure would be alone sufficient to make "equal rights" ladies protest against an invasion of their territory, but when one sees blue VELVET bands round said head-coverings, blue collars on the coats, and even blue Tuxedo suits gracing Informal gatherings there Is indignation indeed! The hats, to be really de rigcur, must have fairly high crowns and straight around brims; the overcoats stop either at the bend ttt the knee or a scant two Inches below lt-. For ladles' tailors have decided that nc smartly gowned feminine will now wear a coat of greater length than that and no mere man must make the MRS. PATTTE LTLE COLLINS moat popular wKh women.

In these two divisions of the Government have, from time to time, been housed some of He best known female geniuses. For years the Dead Letter Ofjlce held prestige through the presence there of "Mrs. Pauls Lyle Collins, known as the "Blind Reader," though she Is not blind herself. She can read any sort of an almost Indecipherable address on an envelope. Fame has palled on her long since.

Like Omar sbe would probably prefer to "take the Csh en the Credit go." No amount of training by Government ofiietals, or even by the lady herself, could fit anyone else to fill the office! It is a peculiar mental of the Children's Bureau, and is paid I 85.000 a year by Uncle Sam to de-j termine what is best for his "children 1 crying In the night" Miss Lathrop if jj -v wv i1 PHOTO I SUCK. WASH MISS (DR.) ALBERTA READ of other food impurities, or properties, and devoted herself exclusively to finding out Just how she could find out what foreign substances had been permitted to delude the Old Gentleman when he purchased "the makings" of a vast cup of tea for his family. Dr. Read succeeded and now has the honor of being alluded to by a Washington official as "the only woman in the Government Service who ever discovered anything of real economic value." She ia the holder of four decrees. Is an expert micro-analyst and was graduated from Cornell, where she was an instructor of histology until coming to Washington half a dozen years ago.

Money Has No Value to Her. Tf Ha lintnua 4.K 1 .1 V. XTt gift to be able to know that the writer who put down "Smith street" meant to make It "Brown avenue;" dr that the emmigrant who addresses part of aw envelope In Engliiiii and the re mainder in his native language is not fcrav but thinks that what readable to him surely must be to the aiways nears mem, ror her work does not cease with the closing down of her desk lid. I Twenty-four hours of the day she is the director of that Bureau. It Is husband, family, home and recreation to her.

and there Isn't a man In the Government who could fill It or would venture to try. It is one position about which there has never been beard the envious plaint "it pays too much!" CAROLTK CROSS. American authorities. Rrfore Mrs. Collins' advent such i eventually take back all their bor- rawed finery in which she has been I masquerading for so many genera-I Hons.

For. be It recalled, lace ruf-i flea. lace handkerchiefs, brocaded and satin coats, fur mantles, era-I broldered waistcosts. Jeweled chains (and "clocked" stockings were all qrlg- iinaliy the exclusive property of the genua man. CAROLYN cRoea MISS JULIA C.

LATHROP stenographer and had an exciting time of it during those months before and during the election. When the Harrisons came to Washington I came along and I was the first woman stenographer to be connected with the White House. I was kept on throughout the entire Harrison terms and former look ridiculous by walking with her when attired In a full length ragian. The man who absolutely refuses to go about In a continual state of blues may wear a grey rough overcoat Instead, but it must have elopirg shoulders, narrow, turn-back cuffs, a belt-aod. -all the- accessories eyltles sere regarded as the ravings of lunatics and few were the suocess-ul attempts at re-addressing them.

She been with the Postnflice Department for many years and yet re Ise Lester Daid what it counts for she MISS UUJAN M. KESCH 1.