News-Journal from Mansfield, Ohio • 13

Saturday, November 4, 1978 Newi Journal, Mansfield, 0. 13 Off Author lists top 100 Who left greatest -r I i v. i 7 mark on history is almost exclusively responsible for a By Joanne Omang more adherents than any other religion A significant event or movement has been ranked higher than one who played a less dominant role, in a more important movement, "A striking example of this is my ranking Mohammed higher than Jesus, in large part because of my belief that Mohammed had a much greater personal influence on the formulation of the Moslem religion than Jesus had on the formulation of the Christian religion. "The influence of women on human affairs is obviously far greater than might be indicated by their numbers on this list. But a galaxy of influential figures will naturally be composed of individuals who had both the talent and the opportunity to exert a great influence.

Throughout history, women have generally been denied such opportunities, and my inclusion of only two females is simply a reflection of that regrettable truth." The 100 most influential persons In history as selected and ranked by Michael Hart: 1. Mohammed (570-632). Founder and promulgator of Islam, unifier of Arab tribesmen into a force that conquered an empire from the Atlantic to the borders of India. Besides that secular success, Mohammed was the author of the Moslem holy scripture, the Koran, and played the key role in the proselytism of Islam. "It is his unparalleled combination of secular and religious influence (down to the persent day) which I feel entitles Mohammed to be considered the most influential single figure in human history," Hart writes.

2. Isaac Newton (1642-1727). "The greatest and most influential scientist who ever lived he laid the founda-. tions for the scientific theories that subsequently revolutionized the world," Hart says. Newton designed and built the first reflecting telescope and did pioneering work on the nature of light.

He invented integral calculus, "the most important achievement of modern mathematics," and outlined four basic laws of motion that are the foundation of modern physics. 3. Jesus Christ (c.6 B.C.-C.30A.D.). "There is no question that Christianity, over the course of time, has had far (but) Christianity, unlike Islam, was not founded by a single person but by two people Jesus and St. Paul and the principal credit for its development must therefore be apportioned between those two figures." Hart notes that Jesus was the first to preach love for one's enemies and non-resistance to evil, and adds "if (these ideas) were widely followed, I would have had no hesitation in placing Jesus first in this book.

Butthe truth is that they are not they are not even generally accepted." 4. Gautama Buddha (563-483 B.C.). The founder of Buddhism, with its eightfold path to eliminating the selfishness and desires that are the root of human misery. Buddhism is reflected in the Hinduism that absorbed.it in India, and Buddha is listed before Confucius because the Chinese communist movement has crippled Confucianism. 5.

Confucius (551-479 B.C.). Basically a moral philosopher, Confucius restated bedrock Chinese ideals, stressing the obligation of states and individuals to mutual support. Although he is curently out of favor with the People's Republic of China, "we should not be surprised if within the next hundred years some Chinese philosopher successfully synthesizes the ideas of Confucius and of Mao Tse-tung." 6. St. Paul (c.4 A.D.-C.64 A.D.).

"The foremost proselytizer of the new religion of Christianity (with) the most permanent and far-reaching (influence) of all Christian writers and thinkers." He enunciated the ideas of original sin, the divinity of Christ and the redemption of sin, and probably wrote half the books of the New Testament. 7. Ts'ai Lun (c.105 A.D.). Invented paper while a high-ranking official at the Chinese imperial court. His name is well-known in China.

Hart argues that Chinese civilization leaped ahead of Western nations during the first 1,000 years A.D. because of rapid communications that paper made possible in China. Europeans did not manufacture paper for another 1,000 years after Ts'ai Lun, "and then only because they had learned the process from the 8. Johann Gutenberg (1400-1468). Invented movable type that was of a new Ttw WMhlngn" Pt Any list that tries to rank Jesus, Buddha, Moses and Einstein in some order of importance is bound to run into trouble.

When the subject is influence on world history, the word controversial is inadequate. Yet Michael Hart ran this gantlet in his recent book, "The 100; A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History," and he put Mohammed and Isaac Newton over all of the above. Hart is an astronomer, mathematician, lawyer, physicist, chess master and amateur historian. His criteria for influence provokes thought on the way history is made and its villains and heroes decided. Hart's criteria, as outlined in his this is a list of the most influential persons in history, not a list of the greatest.

For example, there is room in my list for an enormously influential, wicked and heartless man like Stalin, but no place at all for the saintly Mother Cabrinl "Only real persons are eligible for consideration anonymous persons are also disqualified (such as) the individual who invented the wheel "Neither fame, nor talent, nor nobility of character is the same thing as influence influence is not always exerted benevolently: Thus, an evil genius such as Hitler meets the criteria for inclusion. "A significant impact on one important country is equivalent to a less commanding influence affecting the entire earth; thus Peter the Great of Russia, whose influence extended primarily to his own country, appears on my list. "I gave much weight to the importance of the historical movement to which (an individual) contributed. Generally speaking, major historical developments are never due to the actions of one person alone. Because this book is concerned with individual, personal influence, I have tried to divide the credit for a given development in proportion to each participant's contribution.

Individuals, therefore, are not ranked in the same order as would be the important events or movements with which they are associated. Sometimes a person who i I. Trinity University astronomer Dr. Michael Hart of San An- that lists his choices as history's Top most influential humans tonio, Texas, has started countless arguments with his book in history. (AP Photo) 66.

Francisco Piiarro (1475-1541). Conquered Inca empire. 67. Hernando Cortes (1485-1547). Conquered Mexico.

68. Queen IsabeUa 1 (1451-1504). United Spain, launched Inquisition, financed explorers including Columbus. 69. William the Conqueror (1027-1087).

'Led Norman conquest of England. 70. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826). Wrote Declaration of Independence. 71.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778). Outlined egalitarian and individualistic philosophy. 72. Edward Jenner (1749-1823). Dev-loped smallpox vaccination.

73. Wilhelm Roentgen (1845-1923). Discovered X-rays. 74. Johann Sebastian Bach 1685-1750).

Great synthesizer and technically flawless composer. 75. Lao Tze (c. 400 B.C.). Outlined Taoism.

Newsroom Equality in locker room wins; women's team bans both sexes De- 76. Enrico Fermi (1901-1954). signed first nuclear reactor. material, from a new kind of mold and usable with a new ink on a new press that together made printing an effective system of mass production. "Only three persons on this list lived during the five centuries preceding Gutenberg, whereas 67 lived during the five centuries following his death.

This suggests that Gutenberg's invention was a major factor possibly even the crucial factor in triggering the revolutionary developments of modern times." 9. Christopher Columbus (1451-1506). Although not the first European to set foot on the Western Hemisphere, Columbus was the first whose news sparked vast exploratory efforts. It can be argued this would have happened anyway, but Hart says history would have been very different if it had happened earlier or later. 10.

Albert Einstein (1879-1955). "The greatest scientist of the 20th century and one of the supreme intellects of all time." Ranked below Newton because most of modern technology would need only Newton's theories to operate, Einstein has provided a theoretical framework in his general and special theories of relativity that are still leading the way in modern physics research. 11. Karl Marx (1818-1883). With Frie-drich Engels the formulator of the theoretical basis of communism.

"A philosopher's importance lies not in the correctness of his views, but in whether his ideas move men to action." 12. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895). Popularized the germ theory of disease and invented preventive inoculations and a technique for destroying micro-organisms in beverages. 13. Galileo (1564-1642).

Invented the telescope and established scientific methodology. 14. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.). Originated" formal logic and laid foundations of western rational philosphy. 15.

Lenin (1870-1924). Established communism in Russia, translating Marxism into practice. 16. Moses (around 1300 B.C.). Led Hebrew exodus from Egypt, promulgated first five books of the Bible and preserved Jewish monotheism.

17. Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Propounded theory of organic evolution by means of natural selection. 18. Shin Huang Tl (259-210 B.C.).

Forcibly united China and reformed laws, standardized writing. 19. Augustus Caesar (63 A Founded Roman Empire. 20. Mao Tse-tung (1893-1976).

Led Communist Party to power and transformation of China. 21 Genghis Kami (1162-1267). Mongolian conquerer of Asia and Eastern Europe. 22 Euclid (c300 C). Set up geometry theory.

23. Martin Luther (1483-1546). Launched Protestant Reformation, idea of salvation through faith. 24. Nieolaus Coperjiicus (1473-1543).

Founded modern astronomy. 25. James Watt (1736-1819). Invented first steam engine. 26.

Constantine the Great (c.280-337). First Christian emperor of Rome. 27. George Washington (1732-1799). Led Army in ar of Independence, peacefully relinquished presidency.

28. Michael Faraday (1791-1867). Invented electric motor and generator. 29. James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879).

Formulated laws of electricity and magnetism. 30. Orville (1871-1948) and Wilbur Wright (1867-1912). Built first airplane. 3L Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794).

Founded modern chemistry. 32. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Originated psychoanalysis. 33.

Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C. Spread Greek culture through the East. 34. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821). Created Napoleonic Code, sold Louisiana Territory to United States.

35. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945). Caused World War II. 36. William Shakespeare (1564-1616).

Most influential writer. 37. Adam Smith (1723-1790). Founded modern economic theory. 38.

Thomas Edison (1847-1931) Invented light bulb, phonograph. 39. Antony van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723). Discovered microbes. 40.

Plato (427-347 B.C.). Originated western philosophy. 41. Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937). In-, vented radio.

42. Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827. Greatest composer. 43. Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976).

Outlined quantum mechanics. 44. Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922). Invented telephone. 45.

Alexander Fleming (1881-1955). Discovered penicillin. 46. Simon Bolivar (1783-1830). Latin American liberator.

47. Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658). Led victorious parliamentary forces in British Civil War. 48. John Locke (1632-1704).

Outlined constitutional democracy. 49. Michelangelo (1475-1564). Painter, sculptor and architect. 50.

Pope Urban II (1042-1099. Inaugurated Crusades. 51. I mar Ibn al-Khattab (c.586-644). Mohammed's chief aide and successor.

52. Asoka (c.300-232 B.C.). Spread Buddhism in India. 53. St.

Augustine (354-430). Christian theologian who linked sex and sin, outlined idea of predestination. 54. Max Planck (1858-1947). Launched quantum theory.

55. John Calvin (1509-1564). Propounded Protestant ethic. 56. William T.

G. Morton (1819-1868). Introduced anesthesia. 57. William Harvey (1578-1657).

Discovered blood circulation. 58. Antoine Henry Becquerel (1852-19U8) Discovered radioactivity. 59. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884).

Outlined principles of heredity. 60. Joseph Lister (1827-1912). Introduced antiseptic surgery. 61.

Nikolaus Otto Louis Daguerre (1787-1851). Invented practical photography. 63. Joseph Stalin (1879-1953). Institutionalized Soviet repression.

64. Rene Descartes (1596-1650). Advocated skepticism and scientific method. 65. Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.).

Adopted Roman calendar and conquered Gaul (France). buying the idea of female reporters mixing with his superstars. "It's my clubhouse and I can bar anybody I want to," Anderson said in announcing the club's policy of banning women reporters would stand regardless of the New York court ruling. However, Johnny Bench, the Reds' catcher, was more understanding. He said, "The Constitution says a woman can come in, and I don't see why not.

It doesn't bother me. The woman is supposed to be a pro, and as long as she handles it like a pro, it's all right with me." The Cleveland Indians also said they will keep their locker room closed to women. There is a real issue here. Women reporters have proven they are as capable as men in covering all kinds of stories, including sports. Although they are a minority in sports, they certainly must compete with male sportswriters on even grounds.

If locker room interviews are available to men, they must be available to women, too. The Cincinnati and Cleveland positions in banning women from locker rooms while admitting men won't work any better than tossing a fast ball over the middle of the plate to Reggie Jackson in a World Series game. courts to permit equal opportunities for all reporters but will never compromise the individual privacy of the players," league president Bill Byrne said. The league opens play Dec. 9 so there is still time for some enterprising, red-blooded male to file a case in court to open up the dressing rooms.

The issue of members of the opposite sex in sports locker rooms in not one of the life-and-death struggles to maintain a free press. It did touch the public's fancy and raise rather interesting possibilities. Most of the New York Yankee players didn't grumble too much about women in their dressing room. In fact some of them good naturedly welcomed them. Of course, a team that could make up a 14-game deficit in a pennant race and then nearly blow out their rivals in the World Series wouldn't be expected to become unnerved by the appearance of five women in the locker room.

Or would Ron Guidry, who won about every award available to a pitcher, showed he understood human nature nearly as well as he did opposing batters. He said: "They've gotten everything else. But if I walked into their locker room they'd probably have a fit." Over in the National League, Cincinnati manager Sparky Anderson wasn't By Cay lord Hake Ntwi Jogrrul inKUtlvt Ntwl Editor The court ruling which allows women reporters in sports locker rooms is on the other foot, and it is a little too tight. There was a good-natured stir last month when a New York court ordered baseball locker rooms opened to all accredited members of the media regardless of sex. The New York Yankees complied, and five women four of them television reporters invaded the Yankees' dressing room immediately after a game.

The question most often asked by sports wags was, "Will they open women's dressing rooms to male reporters? Apparently the answer is no. The first inkling of the response from women's sports came from the new Women's Basketball League. League officials said male reporters will probably be banned from the locker room, but so will female reporters. Rod Lein, general manager of the Iowa Cornets, said he believes In equal opportunity, but the line should be drawn in the case of locker room interviews. He added not even his team's coaches will go Into the Cornets' locker room.

"The league will cooperate with the 77. Thomas Malthus (1766-1834). First population theorist. 78. Francis Bacon (1561-1626).

Called for inductive scientific method. 79. Voltaire (1694-1778). Revolutionary freethinker. 80.

John F. Kennedy (1917-1963). Started Apollo space program. 81. Gregory Pincus (1903-1967).

Developed oral contraceptive. 82. Sui Wen Tl (541-604). Reunified China. 83.

Mani (216-276). Founded Manichaeist religion of struggle between forces of good and evil. 84. Vasco da Gama (1460-1524). Found sea route around Africa.

85. Charlemagne (742-814). Founded Holy Roman Empire. 86. Cyrus the Great (590-529 B.C.).

Founded Persian empire. 87. Leonhard Euler (1701-1783). Applied mathematics to physics and engineering. 88.

Niccolo Macbiavelli (1469-1527). Political philosopher. 89. Zoroaster (628-551 B.C.). Founded Zorastrian religion.

90. Menet (C3100 B.C.). First united Egypt. 91. Peter the Great (1672-1725).

Westernized Russia. 92. Mencius (371-298 BC). Chinese advocate of enlightened rule. 93.

John Dultoo (1766-1844). Formulated atomic theory. 94. Homer (C 800 BC). Authored "Iliad" and "Odyssey." 95.

Queen Elizabeth 1 (1533-1603). Brought England to world power status. 96. Justinian 1 (483-565). Codified Roman law.

97. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630). Outlined laws of planetary motion. 98. Pablo Picasso (1881-1973).

Fostered non-representational art. 99. Matuvira (559-527 BC). Founded Jaimst religion. 100.

Niels Bohr (1885-1962). Devloped atomic theory. No one knows what future holds 1 -year-old battling rare disease Although he doesn't lack for love from his many nurses and the constant presence of his mother, Colin has not been exposed to family sounds such as a television set and hasn't been able to smell cookies baking in his mother's kitchen. will help his growth. Currently, plans, are in the works for a move from the intensive care unit to his own room across the hall.

Colin was not expected to live long after his condition was diagnosed. He is one of three victims of "Ondine's Curse" in Minnesota. The two others died. Doctors said there are about 10 cases known in the United States. Colin's mother, Linda, said she derives joy from her son having survived his first year and hopes somehow he will outgrow the disease.

ST. PAUL, Minn. (LTD A rare disease known as "Ondine's Curse" has kept Colin McQuillan tied to a respirator for the first year of his life, and no one knows what the future holds for him. The disease, named for a mythical character in German folklore, causes a person to stop breathing when asleep. Since Colin's birth last October, most of his waking hours have been spent connected to ventilators and machines in the intensive care unit at Children's Hospital.

He is fed through a tube inserted through an incision at the base of his throat. When he sleeps, he is kept breathing by a respirator. He has spent a few weekends at home, but even then he must be hooked to a respirator. Although the first year of his development has been severely restricted, doctors say special therapy and creating as normal an environment as possible.