Express and News from San Antonio, Texas • Page 10

Sotift of Syrm 19, Ittt SM ssy ttATOfttmmitmtettna patches some fftstren fir US missies in Etttvpf FIVE YEARS OF FOREIGN POLICY--This mop shows the highlights of five years of foreign policy under President Eisenhower and Secretary of State Dulles Those policies are declared to face thei greatest challenge this year AP Wirephofo. Tndochtoa fonflift sffHrJ Auf Morffi Kef Nam, 'There Is No Tomorrow' On Jan, 3 Jhe FBI announced that a top Polish theoretical -scientist hod granted asylum in this country. He was already here, lecturing at Johns Hopkins University, and awaiting his family's arrival, This it the real story of why he defected. By JOHN I.UNDQTJIST BALTIMORE, Jan 18 w-Why docs a top scientist leave the land of his birth, where he enjos recognition and ricli reward, lo seek refuge In a country alien lo him both in tongue and political philosophy? Dr. Jerzy Leon Nowinski gives it lo you in one word: Freedom.

Nowinski is a lop Polish mathematician, an authority on Iher- moelaslicity Ihe behavior of metals under heat who defected in October from his native Poland and is now lecturing at Johns Hopkins University. No Freedom It was not a lack of freedom in his scientific work that persuaded him it was tho lack cf political find religious freedom. And the hopelessness. "The atmosphere in Poland is so spoiled that you can have no nope for any good future," lie soys. An interview with him is slow and laborious, since as yet English doesn't come easy.

"I could not feel that I was useful. "There is no organization and no--no wcll-orgnniietl public life, For example, there ore so many drunkards now in Poland. "It is well known, ami everybody is writing about il there. People do not know wlint to do. There is no tomorrow." Dr.

Nowinski came lo this country as a guest lecturer at Johns Hopkins, then applied for asyfum when he learned that his wife, garian rebellion in lale 1956, coming as it did soon after the Poznan riots of June 1956 in his own Poland. Another thing persuaded him was the religious situation. A Catholic, he says the parochial school system suffers tinder the tyranny of Communist regimen tation of thinking. Bui more and more people are attending church and receiving the sacraments, he says, adding: "The faith of the Polish people has proved stronger than the Communists thought possible." Ho speaks lillle of politics, say ing rt is hot Jiis field, but he recalls that his dissatisfaction began about 1948, and coincides with the growing influence of Wladyslaw Gomulka, then vice premier, now party leader. The results were a tightening economic situation and a whittling away of freedoms, says.

apparently stronger than ever i parly with the rise of Nikita Khrushchev in Russia, is declining rapidly in popularity among the Poles, Nowinski By JOHN M. HIGHTOWER WASHINGTON, Jan. 18 Vfi -When President Eisenhower took over direction of the nation's foreign affairs five years ago he pledged himself to work out a policy which would be clear, con- sistent awl coherent" He is still trytng to fulfill that pledge. The load of confident generality which Eisenhower held out to the nation in his first State of the Union message, in faxt, projected a development of his administration's foreign policies which probably no' president could ever achieve. 7t remains a statement of high idea! which time and the hard realities of international relations has warped and worn to fit the needs of practical diplomacy.

The basic foreign policy problems with' which Eisenhower will be wrestling during his remaining time in office were nowhere better defined than by the President himself in his State of the Union message to Congress Jan 9. HEADS TOGETHER--Secretary of State John Foster Dulles and President Eisenhower put their heads together for a serious policy discussion. us," he said, "that so far outweigh all others that I shall devote this year's message entirely to them. The i is to insure our safety through strength Our second task is to do the con-, structive work of building a genuine peace." Issue Complicated The issue of peacemaking- has been complicated by Russia's striking gains in the new weapons of the space age. But the-most noteworthy difference between the situation five years ago and that of today is not to be found in the tasks demanding effective- presidential leadership for power and peace.

Rather it lies in the widespread doubt among allies alike as to whether Slick to Hunt Snowman Again says, adding: (Stock Drop DR. JERZY NOWINSKI "The Polish standard of living has gone down tcrrificially in the past 12 months, and Gomulka's slock has ponu down with it. However, lie is the only Red leader acceptable to the people in trying times." In addition to teaching and editing two scientific journals, Nowinski lias published some 50 a time a living in iuanu, HIIO nnsuna, had been given passporls and had reached England, Tuesday, two were reunited with Nowinski In the U.S. A specialist in the field of basic research, Dr. Nowinski is described by Dr.

Stanley Corrsin, chairman of Ihe mechanical engineering department at Johns Ilopkins as a "top echelon" scientist and a "good grab" for the United States. Several things influenced him in his decision to defect, Nowinski anys. But scientific freedom was not one of them. The Communist bosses didn't hound him, nor was he ordered to do specific work for (lie Roveriv Hicnt. lie was, however, required lo outline the research work lie planned n( the beginning of ench year, and at the end to report on his studies and his publications, Other scientists enjoyed the same freedom, he said, adding that while he is not sure, he assumes that the same conditions apply elsewhere behind the Fran Curtain in view of Russia's recent amazing achievements in the field of rockets and missiles.

Dr. Nowinski is 52, a genial, well-dressed, compact man, 5 feet 6 and weighing 140 pounds, with thinning liair and a ready smile that flashes beneath a carefully groomed Charlie Chaplin- type moustache. With liis blnck beret nnd light tan briefcase, he's a distinctive figure on the campus. In the classroom he has the distinctly professorinl air of an expert as hn chalks on Hie blackboard with a sure, rapid touch. One of Ihe things which set him thinking of defecting was the Hun- trcalises.

During World War he'd like to forget and Russian armies land, he eked out "private business." After tlic war he re at the Aeronautical 1 at Ihe Bureau of Re In 1950 he took a po Research Institute ics at the Polish Sciences. He also i Warsaw professorshit He says now that in Ills Jot with this co ho anrl'his wifc'ahd to become citizens: nnd willing lo make Iriliulion I can to Stales. "It is this feeling of feel so strongly in States that we prefer cult problem of living assumed his the United Ihe United' Tom Slick, San Antonio oilman and sponsor of science and philanthropy, will launch his third try to find the yeti, strange animal of the Himalayas better known elsewhere as the "Abominable Snowman," within two or three weeks. Slick made that announcement Saturday In a formal press interview here. Co-sponsor of the expedition will be F.

Kirk Johnson of Fort presi cent of the Ambassador i 1 and the undertaking will be known as tho Slick Johnson I Nepal stick Expedition. Search May Swell Slick said F. Kirk Johnson Jr. may. Join the search, which probably will be affiliated with and sponsored by the San Antonio and Fort Worth zoological societies.

The San Antonio society gave its cachet to Slick's 1957 expedition. Following a reconnaissance in 195li, Slick led an expedition in the Upper Arun River Valloy area northwest of Nepal, short ctis- tiince south of the Tibetan border, in 1557. Actual time spent in the nrea last year was three weeks, Slick pointing out that the 1958 expedition will probably be in the area three months. Asked his reaction to claims by a Russian scientist that the latter had sighted a ye'li, Slick said: "I have no reason to question it. His description sounds like those we were given in the area, and we have reason to believe there are yeti in that part of the the north $ide of (fie Pamir range.

Slick added that he sees nc reason why scientists of the var ious countries should not all, il is a strictly scientific expressed confidence that his new expedition will find the animal. Last year, the expedition Interviewed 15 natives who have seen tile creature and who Identified photographs of animals, various aspects of which resembled the over-all descriplions of (lie yell in some respect. The expcclilioh also photographed tracks of four of Ihe crealures and collected hair from them. Soviets Say Creature Is Mischievous Thief MOSCOW, Jan. 18 The Abominable Snowman of the Himalayas--whether man or beast -is full of mischief and larceny, a Soviet 'scientist declared today.

In fact, the thing that scowled down from a crag at scientist Alexander G. Pronin may haye stolen a rubber boat from the scientific expedition he the government newspaper, Izvesfia. Pronin has become something of celebrity since, he said in an interview Wednesday he had seen the strange creature last August in the Pamir Mountains on the Soviet side the Himalayas. That interview was published by Kom- somol Pravda, organ of the Young Communist League. Russians, accustomed to a more stolid diet of reading material, responded quickly.

Pronin has been besieged by telegrams, letters and telephone calls. He has appeared on Attracted by the furor, staid Ii- veslia assigned its Leningrad correspondent lo Interview Pronin and get a definite accounl of what the scientist saw. Pronin said he twice saw the stooped, hairy creature looking down from ah icy peak, hut he refused (o call it human. It wore no clothes in that harsh climate. Eisenhower and Secretary of State Duljes''are 'still capable of delivering' that leadership, Five' years ago Eisenhower was the knight shining armor, not only for millions of Americans but for millions of desperately hopeful cituens of other lands.

Today, after three serious illnesses, he has shown weariness, has shunned bold tactical moves and has proclaimed platitudes as policy on many occasions. Allies and friends wonderj whether he --and not being outrun by the Russians; whether in fact the President is really moving American and Free World policy forward at all. Throughout the first five years, Eisenhower and Dulles succeeded helping lead the world into a state of uneasy peace. The Presi' had promised to bnng the Korean War to an end either by negotiation or greatly increased military pressure. Negotiation did the trick.

Indochina Peace In succeeding months, by design or necessity, he worked toward a settlement of the Communist conflict in Indochina (French war weariness forced the decision for peace), pacified the Formosan area to a very great extent and tried without any lasting effect to bring ah: end to conflict in the restless, vitally important Middle East. Eisenhower has worked hard to preserve the North: Atlantic alliance, which ho served as supreme commander before moving into the White his efforts and those of Dulles have encountered failures as weir as successes --a fact demonstrated by the Suez and Tunisian crises. Eisenhower has also presided over a revolutionary revision of United States military power with diplomatic as well as military effects. For a while he was getting "more bang for a buck" by building modern weapons into the armed forces. He was also reducing manpower.

This had the result of inspiring allied countries to reduce their own forces and expenses so that, generally speaking, the Atlantic alliance has never produced as much military strength as its leaders wanted. United States atomic power remains the great dcierrdntagainst any massive attack by tho Soviet Union, but confidence in this deterrent beyond the next year or so lias been shaken by Russia's progress in the field of long range missijcs. Greatest Challenge At the close of their fifth year of running foreign affairs, Eisenhower and Dulles face probably their greatest challenge. It Is to. reassert United Stale mtlttary- sdcntlflc supremacy, rally allied confidence In U.S.

leadership and persuade Congress to vote the foreign aid funds and atomic secrecy relaxation they consider necessary. The Eisenhower-Dulles handling of foreign affairs has not always appeared to follow a clear policy in the judgment of its even its friends have sometimes been hard pressed to fit actions and statements into a consistent and coherent global design. For example, the Republican administration cnme into power after roundly denouncing the prior Democratic for yielding to Communism in spite of the fact that it fought the Communists to save South Korea. The sew President and his secretary of state found, however, that their policy of massive retaliation with local variations -to protect remote areas from Communist conquest wcs not sufficient to save all Indochina for war-weary France, In the Asian peace conference of 1954, which the United States attended with obvious distaste, the West (without formal U.S. agreement) gava up Northern Viet Nam in order to save the southern territory and end the war.

A few months later the United Stales, in part of a broad plan to pacify Ihe Formosa area, got Nationalist Chinese troops off the lachan Islands. The territory was not significant but it represented a retreat. Cause for Argument Far more significant has been the Inability of the United States to keep Communist power out of the Middle East. Historians will argue for years over what happened and why. Tile record is that a series of misadventures between Dulles and Egyptian President Nasser resulted in the sale of arms to Egypt by Russia.

With that opening, Russia also sold arms to Syria, which has now come 70 or 80 per cent under Soviet domination. This may prove to be Russia's greatest step toward the Communist goal of world wide control since the Red conquest of China was consolidated in I9M. Dulles talked a great deal about liberation of satellite peoples from Soviet rule. But when Hungarian fighters made their all- out bid to cast off the Communist yoke, the United Stales met the crisis with a decision not to risk a military conflict through intervention and issued slalemcnls denouncing Soviet brutality. In his first Slate of the Union message in February, 1953, Eisenhower followed up campaign promises by saying he would ask Congress to repudiate secret commitments of the past which permit Communist enslavement of peoples: It Was a clear reference to the much disputed Yalta agree-' merit made by President Roosevelt in The President actually asked Congress to pass.a resolution condemning Russia for viola ling 1 the a a provisions guaranteeing freedom for Easlcrn Europe.

In the same general category, Eisenhower and Dulles climaxed of Republican denunciation of Ihe loss of China lo the Communists by unleashing Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek lo slriko out from his Formosan stronghold against the Red mainland. That was in February, 1953. Chiang Re-Leashed It was not many months before' Chiang was re-leashed by an agreement that he would not taka' other than niinor and local defensive actions against Chinese Communist positions without U.S. consultation and approval. The most difficult task of statesmanship which'has burdened Ei-' senhower and Dulles has beer, tho' task of trying to together a loose military alliance against tha Soviet Union while simultaneously' holding the door open to negotiations for a settlement 'with Russia.

1 The problem is almost a contradiction in terms. When fears of Russia go.up, (he alliance pulls' together; when Russia's smile warms the world's peace hopes, the alliance tends to pull apart. Icy Winds And Snow Bog Down East; One Dead By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Cold noi'therly winds and snow or flurries provided a wintry setting Saturday for much of the ricition east of the Rockies. Icy winds from hikes Erie and Ontario gave Western New York up lo two feet cf snow. One dentil was blamed on the storm.

Molor travel was hazardous and some local power failures were reported. U.S. Weather Bureau stations issued alerts to stockmen and travelers lhat severe storm conditions were expected In Kansas and Oklahoma, Scattered snows wore widespread throughout the plateau stales and the Rockies. The snow storm cut visibility lo less thnn a mile in New Mexico mountains. More cold air poured into the Southeast nnd an overnight frost was forecast for the Florida Ever- 4 glades.

Snow flurries Saturday extended from the Ohio Valley into the north Atlantic tlatei and southward lo the mountains of Virginia and Tennessee. The Weather Bureau forecast heavy snow squalls and Itmepra- lures down to zero east of 1-nke Buffalo, N. had Inches of mow, but the fall ranged up to two feet south of the city. All necoiidary roads were it ported open but hazardous. Another three to six inches of snow was in prospect for tlie nrea.

Freeze Hits North Texas ASSOCIATED PRESS Skies were cloudy over Texas Saturday with a cold wave that was expected to drop temperatures as low as 22-34 degrees in the Panhandle, South Plains and El Paso areas Sunday, Afternoon readings ranged from 48 degrees at Lubbock to 64 at Brownsville. Occasional light rain was reported at scattered West Texas points. The change In Ihe weather was expected to come from a storm, developing near thr Oklahoma Panhandle, that was expected to intensify Sunday and spread eastward. Temperatures A SAX ANTONIO I a Akporl 5 9 .15 Kelly A.F.B: R8 41 Randolph A.F.n 69 41 SOUTH A A. Ice 61 Austin 68 37 Brownsville 6H 46 Corpus Chrlili ...,..,...59 fiO Cotulla fi7 43 39 Larrrlti 45 PrCKlfllo 60 47 VlC 42 TEXAS Abilene 35 Alpine 49 40 A ..,..,,,61 28 Forl WorlK 'l2 46 Houston 68 13 Lulkln bl 38 Sun 36 31 Waco SB 33 SOUTHWEST Albuquerque 46' 33 DorfRe Clly 60 29 Denver 38 26 Los AtiReles 71 51 Oklahoma City 53 26 Phoenix Salt city .37 3.

Sto 11 41 SOUTHEAST A 11 34 i 41 33 Charleston 60 33 Jicknor.vllli .....62 33 Mlmi 59 4ft New Orleiiu FUlelRh 23 -31- JCey WeftL 62- BUmault 32 FJolW 3d 23 30 21 33 34 JT 31 Finland, 34 lujrtd city ,31 A .00 .00 .00 05 .00 00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .07 ,00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .60 .00 .00 .01 .01 .00 cross the Nation Ban Francisco 65 30 Beanie 45 37 Spokana 33 34 SOUTH Cincinnati 31 Kansas Clly 42 LoulAVlllo, Ky. 34 2ft Memrmis 43 28 SI. l.ouls 40 30 Wlchflft 47 25 ACT A i 18 a' Doslon .,.30 26 Caribou 34 28 Buffalo 18 13 ClfiveJanrt 23 13 CnlumljiJs 39 21 York Cits' 23 18 PhllartclphU 27 24 21 ja Poiiinnd 35 32 Washington ..35 30 CENTRAL Chicago 28 19 Detroit 24 1 pululh is MllwftllVef .25 15 MlnneajxilirvSi, Paul .24 13 Onmlid 3 0 55 SH. Ste. Marie 3 MEXICO 59 44 Clly 52 6 0 55 49 5 63 iy A i a AlrlUiei.

NORTH Ciliary 44 23 Ennionlnrt 34 Fllrlunki 1.4 -11 MomrMl 30 Toronto 2 5 Is NATION'S .00 .01 (M .00 .00 .03 .06 .01 .62 .67 .01 .08 .09 .00 oc .00 .00 00 .00 00 loo .00 .00 loo .00 .01 .01 .13 .01 tilth, 1( low, rr.jti, colo. HAN ANTONIO i Bulurdir hliri, n. ftad.rdty low, Klthm on thlt UsC ytnr, 54 at- A INr Stmdvy Jfl8rri and the Ohio, upper Miniufopl will be goixrilly Mr with clew Ute. Weather data at 6:30 a.m. readlnir: rtM at and aeta :01 vm.

flundar. 1 1 1 Pmlpitatlon for 14 houri, none; to- Ul rot 1.31 IxKea; to, rnnnlh, 3.13 tola I lor rear, 3.11 excess (ot 13 Inchei. lauudar): hlih, a.m.: low. btek low pm. it Perl (iuMar): Will low, kith.

low, temperatorei: At Corpui chrta. II. al Palacloi, A3; at Wind reloelty: Al Cttpua Chrlill. 4 M.v.h.; BrowDBVIlU, 4 m.p.h.; al pa- IMIM, it 6ilTMlon. 11 mp.ri.

XlTer Kb Oraede at KM OttMi Cltr, nti. Forecasts INTERMITTENT SHOWERS Temperatures Sun Antonio Vlclnltr Mostly cloudy wltti occnslonsl rnin. liirnfne little tfitter. South CTenlral TCSRB Mostly cloudy wKh scattered showers, tutnlnK eolrter Sundny. Mostly "lib colder Sunday -Wist Ten5-considerable cloudlnm wun a few iliowerfl In Pecos Valley" jaslw.rd and lew snow lu.rrlcs like- Ir in Upper Panhandle a 7 i.m.....,39 8 a.m.

II a.m 49 11 a.m 52 Noon 53 1 p.m 97 4 p.m....,.59 p.m......57 7 p.m. 5t 8 p.m. 55 I p.m SI p.m....,,51 P.BI Midnight ...51.