The Press Democrat from Santa Rosa, California • 22

2C-Press Democrat, Santa Rosa, Feb. 21, 1971 Engineers Undertaking Big Projects in County (Continued From Page 1C) the units, with fans providing cession of plants: Unit 1 went into service in 1980, cost $1,750,000, and produces 12,000 kilowatts; Unit 2, 1963, $2,200,000, 0, 14,000 kilowatts; Unit 3, 1967, $3,790,000, 28,000 kilowatts; Unit 4, 1968, $3,170,000, 28,000 kilowatts. That brings now, with a cost of 10,910,000, and 82,000 kilowatts. Unit 5 is to "go on the line" in August, with 55,000 kilowatts. Its sister, Unit 6, will be in service in November with the same power, making a total of 192,000 kilowatts.

These last two are the largest geothermal units in the world. Others, in Italy and New Zealand, are 30,000 kilowatters. Right now, construction crews are flattening off a mountain-top for Units 7 and 8, with another 55,000 each and a combined cost of 500,000. And by 1973, No. 9 and No.

10 will be ready, bringing the total power to 412,000 kilowatts. Mr. Zagar said this is equal to "nearly two -thirds the present peak power demands of San Francisco." By comparison, atomic plants now being designed call for a million kilowatts each. Engineers would be interested in further details: Sulphur dioxide and other corrosives are present in the water and call for special metallurgy. (A brass padlock hanging on a valve is black and rough.

A test panel of metals shows various stages of corrosion.) When concrete was poured for some of the installations i it had to be refrigerated for proper setting. When the weather is hot, and a power-house door is left open, a screen is put across the bottom to keep out rattlesnakes which are rather populous in the area. Elaborate cooling systems are installed to recover water from the turbines. Incidentally, no water is discharged from the plants into Sulphur Creek. Any excess' water is pumped into dry wells for disposal to avoid any suggestion of pollution from the ecologists.

Cooling in the turbine system creates a larger pressure differential by producing a partial vacuum below the turbine blades. Most of the cooling towers were made by Ecodyne, at its plant near Windsor. A Geysers tour may end with luncheon at the Rex in Geyserville before moving on to Ecodyne. Likely hosts for a tour there are Raymond R. Osenga, chief of quality assurance, and Douglas Andersen, manager of industrial relations.

Ecodyne is an affiliate of Trans Union Corporation, a national firm or conglomerate. Ecodyne, Mr. Osenga notes, has been wrongly accused of producing large amounts of smoke. Not so, he says, the impression comes when freeway travelers see smoke, with an Ecodyne sign in the foreground. The smudge comes from another company, he said.

One of the big units he shows a group of "tourists" is probably unique, a huge tower with two boxy inlets for air, a 28-foot fan to pull the air through, and full instrumentation to test tower elements. "This is the only full-scale cooling tower test facility," he said. The fan blades are foamfilled fiberglass, with steel cores, and the tips achieve a speed of 12,000 feet per minute at 360 r.p.m. This unit was designed at the plant and is delicately balanced for best test results, by a hinging arrangement at the hub. Blade angle can be changed by making some mechanical adjustments when it's stopped.

wonders why they don't put in a Curtiss Electric airplane prop hub, so the engineers could play with it while it's rotating. Mr. Osenga says this is not necessary.) By the way, he is immediate past president of the Redwood Empire Branch, American Society of Civil Engineers. A lot of wood, some fir but mostly the best redwood you can buy, is used by Ecodyne for the tower framing and other structural Most of the "fill" elements inside the towers are made from PVC or polyvinyl chloride. They are spaced inside a strong air flow.

It's an old principle, like wiping your hot forehead with damp handkerchief or splashing your dog with the garden! hose. The warm water comes into the top of the tower and falls down through the perforated fill elements, being cooled in the air flow. A lot of attention goes to the wood. Ecodyne has a tunnel 120 feet long, almost big enough to walk through. There 1 is a small railroad, with several cars to hold forklift loads of lumber, running into the tunnel.

When all the cars are loaded, the forklift man gives them a push and in they go. A man closes a huge door which resembles that Bank of America bank vault door in ads. Of course there is a seal at the other end also. Then a preservative, acid copper chromate, is let in fraom big tanks nearby. This is subjected to a pressure of 150 pounds per square inch and left six to eight hours.

Then the fluid, what's left of it, is pumped back into the tanks and the lumber is pulled out, fully treated. Young engineers might find some other interesting things around Ecodyne. They have a grooved scarfing machine for the ends of timbers that have to be joined. When bolted together, these scarfs have a tight grip with their crosswise grooving pressed together by the bolt. Nails are something special -usually stainless steel to withstand rust and corrosion.

Plant engineers worked out a design for a gang-drill with sets of bits set at a 90-degree angle. Hence they can drill in both directions in one operation. (Reminds of the complex machines as used by the auto industry to drill all the holes in an engine block in a few seconds.) Ecodyne even makes pipes from redwaad slats, some thing unusual in these modern times. Wood works well, but this feature is being phased out in favor of plastic, for various engineering reasons. His plant, Mr.

Osenga said, employes about 300 persons, of which some 25 are engineers. SSC Management Professor In Navy Sub Study ROHNERT PARK Wallace M. Lowry, management professor at Sonoma State College, recently returned from San Diego where he completed a management orientation review of the staff organization of the Navy Commandant for Submarine Flotilla One. The study also included a sory review of the organization of the Development Group within the Flotilla command. This current study is a preliminary to an extensive management study to be performed on entire organization for all of the Submarine Forces of the Pacific.

The broader management study will be performed Pearl Harbor at a 'later date by the Management Assistant Group, to which Mr. Lowry longs. Mr. Lowry found the Development Group to be of special interest since its primary mission is the development and operation of Deep Submergence Vehicles. In April 1970 the Deep Submergence Systems Project (DSSP), which included the "man-in-the-sea" program, was merged into the Development Group.

In addition to the DSSP projects assumed, the Development Group also operates the Trieste II, the Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle (DSRV) program, the Navy's saturation diving efforts which includes the Mark II Aquanaut Equipment System, and the Deep Submergence Vehicles (DSV) Turtle and Sea Clift. In 1963 the Trieste was responsible for locating and recovering the material of the Thrasher (SSN593) wreckage on the seafloor at a depth of 8,500 feet. The Trieste Naval personnel also participated in the recovery operations for the lost H-bomb at Palomares, Spain in 1966. The Trieste again participated in the investigation of the Scorion (SSNp598) wreckage in 1968. Recently the group was responsible for raising the excellently preserved World War II vintage Naval plane from the Pacific off the Southern Califor(nia coast.

By GEORGE KOLTANOWSKI International Chess Master PROBLEM By ARNOLDO ELLERMAN Argentina Chess Chats PxP P.K4 40. PXN B-Q84 27. 26. N- 83 28. 0-0 R-B1 R-01 P.KR3 P-N3 P-B4 Q-K1 N-R4 35.

P. N4 PxKP xP B-N2 18. N-N3 N-B5 19. 0x8 39. 20.

B-B2 Q-B3 SOME SHORTS WHITE: Philipsines P-K4 P-K4 N-KB3 N-QB3 8-N5 P-OR3 B-R4 N-B3 10. 5. 0-0 P-ON4 WHITE: ski, Poland P-K4 P-KN3 9. P-Q4 B-N2 10. N-K83 P-03 11.

B-QB4 N-K83 G-K2 P. B4 13. P-K5 QPxP 14. 7. PxPK 15.

8. 0-0 P.K3 16. WHITE: New Zealand P-K4 P-QB4 9. 2. P-04 PxP 10.

3. P-QB3 PxP 11. NxP N-QB3 12. 5. N-83 P-Q3 13.

6. B-KN5 14. BxPch K-Q2 15. 0-0 N-B3 WHITE: Sursak, Lebanon 1. P-Q4 P-K3 8.

2. P-K4 P-QB4 9. 3. N-KB3 PxP 10. 4.

NxP N-QB3 11. 5. N-QB3 P-Q3 12. B-QB4 N-B3 B-KN5 Q-N3 The solution to above is: 1.R-Q7. White to play and mate in two moves.

Solution below. HOW BORIS TOOK BOBBY Last week, we presented an exclusive interview with World Champion Boris Spassky, who still considers Bobby Fischer of U.S. his most formidable threat, this despite his victory over Bobby at the Siegen Olympics. Here is that game. WHITE: BLACK: Doris Spassky Robert Fischer P-04 N-KB3 21.

Q-K2 PxP N-QB3 P-QB4 P-Q4 23. 22. N-K4 P-ON4 BxP Employment A Problem Around World NATIONS (UPI)of available labor one of the major global of the near future, to a series of published by the Nations. economically advanced UNITED Employment will be problems according projections United In the countries a steadily growing labor force is faced with increasing automation. But the most critical situation faces the developing countries where a faster population growth is confronted with limited capacity to expand employment.

A report by the U.N. Commission for Social Development warned that according to current estimates, "the economies of the developing countries will, during the next decade, be faced with the staggering task of employing some 220 million additional workers, compared with the task facing the economies of the industrialized countries, where the additional figure is estimated at 56 million." The commission is a of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The commission came to the conclusion that the developing nations should concentrate in the future on balanced economic progress, giving attention to both industry and agriculture with emphasis on using their available labor force rather than on rationalization. Rural Market The commission stressed that more jobs could be secured at much less cost by assisting rural and other small enterprise than by building up spectacular industries which contribute little to alleviate general unemployment. "Where manufacturing industry has been introduced." it said, "the technology of the industrialized countries has often been uncritically copied.

In some cases this is the economically sound course. In other cases, production methods developed in and intended for countries where capital is plentiful and labor scarce may be the wrong economic choice for countries where the opposite situation applies. "It has sometimes been assumed that labor-saving devices are synonymous with efficiency, but this is not automatically the case if trained personnel to maintain COAST Sponsors Film Showing New underwater movies of the Caribbean and a film about the John Muir Trail will be presented at 8 p.m. Wednesday in the Lugher Burbank Auditorium at Santa Rosa Junior College. The films are being sponsored by COAAST (Californians Organized to Acquire Access to State Tidelands).

The Caribbean films are by LeRoy French and Al Giddings and Elysium, a journey on the John Muir Trail, was photographed by Jud Zenzic. COA AST President Charles Hinkle said these new and unufilms "call to mind the specific reasons why we're involved in our environment." There will be no charge for the program. but donations will be accepted for the California Coastal Alliance. IN-N5 Bx Bch R-03 R-K1 Q-N3 N-B6ch QxP R-K81 P.N5 R-Q7 R1-KB1 Q-Q4 N-Q5ch R-82 N-B5 R-03 R-Rach K-B2 R-B8ch Resians FROM SIEGEN BLACK: Jones. Guernsey B-N3 NxP P-04 PxN Q-05 Resians BLACK: Noissere, Tunis R-Q1 0-0 B-KN5 Q-N3 BxN PxB N-83 N-Q5 Q-QR3 Q-Q2 B-NS B-B6 BxN Resigns BLACK: Georgiades, P-K5 8xN QxB N-K1 8-K84 R-B1 N-N5 Q-N3 Q-N4ch K-01 8xN QxN Q-Q7ch and mate Larsen, Denmark BxN N4-N5 B-N3 0-0 P-QR3 N-Q4 QXN Resigns the problem -and repair the machines is available.

"In other cases, the output labor-saving equipment is high in relation to absorption capacity of the market, with the result this equipment is lying idle large part of the time. Not Always Help "At the same time smaller establishments using traditional methods may not benefit from a fair share of help with loans, management advice and marketing, which would help to make them more viable." Economic growth alone, the commission noted, did not necessarily mean expansion of employment. The commission said U.N. experience indicated that a faster rate of economic growth is associated with slower increasing in employment. A rough approximation of the current extent of under-utilization of labor in the developing regions, the commission said, "seems to indicate that in many countries it amounts to as much as 20 to 30 per cent of the labor force.

It seems probable that the higher figure is the more realistic one." This, the report added, was even worse than the waste of the human resources in the industrialized countries in the depression years of the 1930s. Attempts at torecasting the future growth of employment, the commission said, "are hazardous, but various studies suggest that, in some countries at least, unless drastic action is taken, the situation is likely to get worse before it gets better." ASTRO GUIDE By Cecen Monday, February 22 The Day Under Your Sign (Born March 81 to LIRA (Sept. to Oct. April 10) Return harsh Situation irks you words with cheery re- but handle it to the best. mark and you'll be Nur- of your ability, Don't let prised how soon the air emotions hamper your clears! decisions.

TAURUS (April 80 to May SCORPIo (06t. te nov. So) Special attention 01) Acquaintance you from that special some- made during the holidays one brings 1 glow to your may add zest to your cheeks and a gleam to social life during an your eyes. wise dull winter. a (May 31 to June SAGITARIUS (Nov.

You derive un- Dee. 31) Do what YOU expected benefits from want to do rather than something you did for acquiesce to wishes of the love not money. Aren't crowd. Take the initiative you lueky" for change. (June to July CAPRICORN (Dee.

81) Schedule your work Jen. 80) Put your best Instead of tackling it hap- face forward today as you You'll accom- may meet someone who plish much more this way. could put a little romance hazardly, In your life. 110 (July to Aug. AQUARIUE (JAM.

81 to Feb. If you are more reason- 10) Don't insist that able, you can reach someone follow your better, and quicker, un- gestion. You'll be embarderstanding with your ramed if it doesn't turn out mate. expected. (Ang.

Sept. PIOnS (Feb. 10 to Mer. 88) Despite family 10) Remain aloof from pressure, romance should neighborhood squabble. be going along nicely, You stand to lose either denote benefo planetary way if you take aides in Influences.

such situation. Features, 1971 CLEAR REDWOOD LUMBER is immersed in a preservative in this tank at Ecodyne Corporation A forklift operator pushes rail cars into the tube, feet long. When it's sealed 403 filled with preservative under pres-4 sure. Redwood is a key material in near Windsor. manufacture a line of are made which is 120 tion's few up it is RAYMOND R.

OSENGA is chief of quality assurance at Ecodyne Corporation, a firm manufacturing cooling towers for air conditioning and other equipment requiring that temperature of water be lowered quickly. Mr. Osenga is showing a piece of. tower "fill' or perforated water dispersing element made of polyvinyl chlorate, a long-lasting plastic material. Redwood lumber usually is used to make frameworks for the fill elements.

Injecting Water at Faults May Cut Quake Intensity? RANGELY, Colo. (UPI)-A research program now underway in this isolated Rocky Mountain area may someday help prevent earthquakes such as rattled southern California days ago, killing 64 persons and causing millions of dollars of damage. Scientists have been forcepumping water into oil wells here since 1967, literally creating numerous small test earth tremors. None of the quakes has been large enough to cause damage. Dr.

Barry Raleigh of the National Earthquake Research Center in Menlo Park, said some scientists believe injecting water along major earth faults may cut down the intensity of quakes. A series of wells would be drilled around the faults at sixmile intervals with water pumped into them to weaken underground rock, he said. This would trigger small earthquakes. "In effect, by triggering these small earthquakes and weakening the rock. you also reduce the level of stress in the rock," Raleigh said.

"Then you turn and pump the water back out and the rock gets stronger. "What's left is a series of barriers at about 10 kilometers apart which prevent the propagation of a big rupture along the San Andreas (fault). "We calculate we might expect one magnitude 5 quake every tour years. For my money, I'd rather have it than a magnitude 8 or 8.5 (on the Richter scale, used to measure earthquakes)." The research program in this northwest Colorado area was launched almost accidentally in (1967 when the Uintah Basin Seismological Observatory at Vernal, Utah, began detecting numerous earthquakes in the Rangely oil field. Geologists concluded that water being forced into the of cooling towers which by Ecodyne, one of the namajor producers.

The State Of World Message By EUGENE V. RISHER WASHINGTON (UPI) Backstairs at the White House: The State of the World message President Nixon sends to Congress this week will analyze the myriad foreign problems facing the United States and the government If length is indication of designs for coping. with them. how serious world matters are, things are going downhill. At 62.000 words it is half again as long as the report he made last year.

Separate sections will be devoted to each geographical area of the world. Each section will contain a discussion of past U. S. relationships, a statement of America's goals and assessments of the chances for achieving them. Those who have seen the report say it contains no surprises.

It sweeps into one document the trends and policies that have emerged during the past year. Nixon, Secretary of State William P. Rogers and Dr. Henry A. Kissinger, the White House national security adviser, spent most of the past weekend at Key Biscayne, putting the finishing touches on the report.

Weeks earlier, it was circulated among top-level officials of the government. Defense Secretary Melvin R. Laird, whose advice on foreign affairs extends far beyond defense matters, made several sugges- The President makes no secret of the fact his main interest lies in foreign policy. His aides estimate he has spent considerably more time on foreign problems than on domestic issues during his first two years in office. I A source of great pride to him is the Nixon doctrine of 18 months ago which called for gradually lowering America's profile abroad and bringing its foreign commitments more in line with its capabilities.

He sees this policy as a sensible and acceptable answer to a frightening trend toward isolation. The trend stems from general disillusionment over the conflict in Indochina. The report this year will dwell at some length on the conflict in Indochina and in more detail than ever before the reasons for geographically expanding the conflict in Vietnam at a time when American troops are withdrawing. Nixon inaugurated the pracof delivering a separate foreign policy report last year. His critics then called it an attempt to rewrite history.

But the view of the White House is that it is a useful document outlining goals and procedures in areas where misunderstandings often have lasting repercussions at home and abroad. 670,000 Ride Trains for Free ALBANY. N.Y. -An independent audit of the Long Island Railroad shows that an average of 670,000 passengers a month rode without paying during 1970. A spokesman for the Metropolitan Transportation Authority.

which runs the state-owned railroad. said much of the problem was use of counterfeit tickets, and overcrowded cars which prevent conductors from collecting fares. Many Colleges Trying Pass- Grade System 30 100000. ground to improve the productions. tion of oil was triggering quakes along faults crossing the 11-mile long, four wide oil field that surrounds the community of Rangely.

The Chevron Oil which manages the oil field's production, agreed to help the U.S. Geological Survey with a study project. Since then, water has been pumped into four wells near the southern edge of the field with about 1,000 small earthquakes recorded. The largest measured at 3.5 on the Richter scale which for all practical purposes; has an upward limit of 10.0. "I don't regard these earthquakes as being dangerous," Raleigh said.

Scientists last November began draining the wells of the water. "The theory was that if the water pressure in the reservoir rocks where the earthquakes were occurring could be reduced to the sort of below normal level of the original reservoir pressure, the earthquakes should stop," Raleigh said. "That, of course, was based on the premise that the earthquakes were triggered by the fluid injection and they were not appearing before began." During a one-week period when the wells were inactive prior to draining, only two small quakes were recorded. "Since that time we've averaged two, three, maybe four earthquakes a Raleigh said. "These are all down to about magnitude zero." Raleigh said the project would continue for about 18 months more before scientists sit down with the information and try to decide how it can best be applied elsewhere.

If you soak shel nuts in salt water overnight before cracking them the meats will come out whole. NEW YORK (UPI) About once a generation, educators and educational researchers take a look at grading, policies (in the nation's universities and try to decide if the present practices are the best way to evaluate students' work, progress, and achievement. Occasionally, a college will go from a four-point grading system to a five point one, or change from letter grades to number grades or vice versa, or make 70 passing instead of 60 or 60 passing instead of 70. And that's usually about it. In the last four or five years, colleges and universities have been undergoing this sort of self-examination again, but this time some real changes are being made.

In a survey of about 600 universities and larger colleges, Leroy Burwen of San Francisco State College found at twothirds of them have adopted some kind of system in the last few years whereby a student either passes a course or he doesn't, but does not receive either a letter grade or some numerical equivalent. The figures show that far and away the majority of institualtions of which have -usually gone called grading pass-fail -have retained the A's and B's, but allow students to take some percentage of their course work under the gradeless system. Methods and exact policies vary from campus to campus, but the trend is clearly toward allowing students to pass if they learn the material satisfactorily and fail if they don't. without attempting to discriminate any further than that. Dr.

Margaret Faust, a psychology professor at Scripps College in Clairmont, which abandoned grades altogether in September, 1969. said she shies away from grades because they are often inaccurate, artificial and oversymplify the process of learning. Grades are a "uni-dimensional" evaluation, she said, whereas learning is "multi- once demisional." Grades can and do reflect non-academic factors such as class attendance, the performance of the rest of the class, a student's ability to get along with his professor and other matters not related to mastery of the course material. Students at Scripps "wanted to have dialogues with their professors," she said, "But they felt grades interfered with that." She also said she views the college experience as "a fouryear injection of learning" which should continue a lifetime, not end on graduation day. If students work under a grading system, they tend to equate grades with learning, so "when you stop giving them, learning may stop, too." Further, students "tend to think of grades as reality.

They begin to think 'I'm a student' or 'I'm an A student' as though that grade were a reality inside them, like saying 'I'm black' or 'I'm white," she said. Under the new system, the 500 women students at Scripps are happier, the faculty is happier, everything is going better except for the California Board of Scholarships. It wants grades and grade point averages when it comes time to hand out the scholarships, which amount to up to $2,000 a year, she said. The dispute with the scholarship people is still underway, she said, "but I expect we will have to go back and assign some grades and numbers just for them." Anti-Prostitution Bill Dies in Nevada CARSON CITY. Nev.

(UPI)A bill designed to halt legalized prostitution outside of Las Vegas has died in the Nevada Assembly's Agriculture Committee. "That's the best place to kill it," commented Assemblyman Artie Valentine. Opponents cited Nevada's traditional local option rules regarding brothels. Dental Plates Dr. J.

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Hours: 8:30 to 5:00 Monday through Friday. Closed Saturday. 440 4TH SANTA ROSA PHONE 545-3454 OFFICES IN OTHER CALIFORNIA CITIES Dr. J.C. Campbell 1.