The Washington Post from Washington, District of Columbia • Page 1

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'3P 4JC I A 5 gf jj JSJ pssa QT 22L iSSi? sC WASHINGTON; SXMDAX JUY ,18. 1920. Theory qfRlativity Does Not Overthrow Newtonian Dr. Einstein German Scientist Writes on the Application of His Views Admits New Conceptiqp Diverges From That of Newton in Respect of Basal Principle, But Agrees Closely in'Prac tical Application Cites Actual Differences By DR ALBJER.T EIISSTEIN, Famoiu German Scientist "Whose Recently Published Theory on Relativity of Time and Space Produced a Profound Sensation Berlin, Jan 17 I respond with pleasure to the request that I should write something on the theory of relativity After the lamentable breach of the former international relations existing among men of science it Is with joy and gratefulness that I accept this opportunity of communication with English speaking astronomers and physicists It was in accordance W.lth the high and proud tradition of English science that English scientific men should have given their time and labor and that English institutions should have provided the material means to test a theory that had been completed and published in the country of their enemies in the midst of war Although investigation of the influence of the solar gravitational field on rays of light is a purely objectional field of matter, I am none the less very gad to express my personal thanks to my 'English colleagues in this branch of science, for without their aid I should nothave obtained proof of the most Vital deduction from my theory Constructive Theories in Physics. There are severaf" branches of.

theory in physics Most of them are constructive These attempt to bujld a picture of complex' phenomena out of some relatively sinjple proposition The kinetic theory of gases, for instance, attempts to refer to molecular movements the mechanical, trermal, the diffusLonal properties of gases When say that we understand a group of natural phenomena, mean that we ha found a constructive theory which embraces, tham But addition to this most weighty group of theories, there is another group consisting of what I call theories of principle. These employ trfe analytic, not the synthetic, method Their starting point and foundation are not hypothtical constituents, but empirically observed general properties of phenomena principles from which mathematical formulae aj de duged of such a kind that they appjr case which presents itself. Is a Theory of Principle. Thermodynamics, for instance, starting frorp the fact that perpetual motion never occurs in ordinary experience, attempts to deduce from this by analytic processes a theory which will apply in every case The merit of constructive theories is their comprehensiveness, adaptability and clarity, that of the theories of principle their logical perfection and the security of their foundation The theory of relativity is a theory 1 cerned the inert nrass of a material system It becomes evident that the Inertia of such a system must depend 01 its energy content, so that we were driven to the conception that SSit mass was nothmg else than latent energy The doctrine of the conservation of mass lost its independence and became merged in the doctrine and conservation of energy ar Rcaching Consequences. The special relativity theory, which 'was simply a systematic extension 01 the electrodynamics of Maxwell and Lorentz, had consequences whih reached beyond Itself Must the independence of physical regard to a system of coordinates be limited to systems of coordinates in uniform movement of with regard to one another' What has nature, to do with the coordinate Bystems that we propose and with their motions' Although it may be necessary to employ systems of coordinates that we haye selected arbitrarily, the choice should not be limited in any way so far as their state of motion is concerned.

(General theory.of relativity The application of this general theory of relativity was found to be In conflict with a well known experiment, according to which it appeared that the weight and the inertia of a body depended onhe same constants (identity of inert and heavy masses) Classical Mechanics Forbade. Consider the case of a system of coordinates which is conceived as being in stable rotation relative to a system of inertia in the Newtonian sense The forces which, relatively to thiB system are centrifugal must, in the Newtonian sense, be attributed to inertia But these centrifugal forces are, like gravitation, proportional to the mass of the bodies Is it not, then, possible to regard the system of coordinates as at rest and the centrifugal forces as gravitational7 The interpretation seemed obvious, but classical mechanics forbade It The slight sketch indicates how a generalized theory of relativity must Include the laws of gravitation, and actual pursuit of the conception has Justified the hope. But the way was i harder than wag expected 'because it eqntraalcted Euclidian geometry in other worda, the laws according to which material bodies are arranged lri hot exactly agree with the laws of space prescribed by the Euclidian geometry of solids. This a what is meant by the. phrase warp in space The fundamental concepts straight "plane, accordingly lose their exacting meaning in physics Dethrones Absolute Foundations.

hm.hJ,J4 4 lr PROGRESSIVE" VbKV MRil'lr 1k IVP MPV" An i ii i JF iii' ESTABLISHED 1868. WBeTQy, D. G.r JANUAEY 1920 ONE TOALh 3., SALE BREAK 4 Fi I mm m.mMKmm BP Well, it was after January 16th anyway. In the generalized theory of rela of principle To understand it, tm5 kinematics is no longer one of the principles on which it rests nrust be absojute fpdations of general phys grasped But before stating these It lcs Thf. geometrical states of bodies is necessary to point out that the theory of relativity is like a house wih two separate stories, the speolal relativity theory and the general theory of relathity Mast Be Some Comparison.

Since the time of the apcipnt Greeks it has been well known that In describing the motion of a body we must refer to another body The motion of a railway train is described with reference to the ground, of a planet with reference to the total assemblage of visible fixed stars In physics the bodies to which motions are specially referred are termed systems of coordinates The laws of mechanics of Galileo and Newton can formulated only by using a sys; tern of coordination The state of motion of a.system of coordinates cannot be chosen arbitrarily jf the laws of mechanics are to hold gxjod (It must be free from twisting and from Acceleration) The system of coordinates employed in mechanics is called an Inertia system' The state of motion of an fnertia system so far as mechanics are concerned is not restricted by nature to one condition The conditVm in the following proposition suffices, a system of coordinates moving in 'the same direction and at the same rate as a system of inertia is Itself a system of inertia The special relativity theory is therefore the application of the following proposition to any natural process 'Every law of nature which holds good with respect to a coordinate system must also hold good for any other system provided that and are in uniform movements of translation Relativity's Second Principle. The second principle on which the special relativity theorv rests 4s that of the constancy of the velocity of light in a vacuum Light in a vacuum has a definite and constant velocity independent of the velocity of Its source Physicists owe their confidence in this proposition to tHe Max well Lorents theory of electro dynamics'dynamics' The two principles which I have mentioned have received strong Jgx perinVentaf confirmation, but do not seem to be logically campatible. The special relativity theories achieved their local reconciliation by making a change in kinematics, that is to say, in the doctrine of tbe physical laws of space and time. It became evident that a statement of the coincidence of two events could have a meaning only in connection with a system of coordination, that the mass of bodies and the rate of movement of clocks must depend on their state of nration with regard to the coordinates. a Latent Energy in Inert Mass.

But the older physics, including tbe aws of motion of Galileo and Newton. ic matics that I have Indicated! The latter gave origin to certain generalized mathematical conditions 'With which the laws of nature would have to if the two fundamental principles were compatible. Physics had to be modified. The most notable gf? change was a new law for motion for (very rapidly) moving mass points, andTthls soon came to be verified In tie case of electrically laden partK clefi. The moat Important result of thV apeciaj relativity system con and the rates ofclocks depend, in the fli ot place, on their gravitational fields, which again are produced by the material systems concerned Thus the new theory of gravitation diverges widely 1 rojtf that of Newton with respect to its basal principle But In practical application the two agxae so that ithas been difficult to find cases in which the actual differences could be subjected to observation As yet dhly the following have been suggested 1 The distortion of the oval orbits of planets round the aun (confirmed in the cage of the planet Mercury) 2 The deviation of light rays in a gravitational field (confirmed by the English blar eclipse expedition) 3 The shifting of spectral lines toward the red end of the spectrum In the case of light coming to us from Btaro of appreciable mass (not yet confirmed) Logical Consistency of Theory.

The great attraction of the theory is its logical consistency If any deduction from it should prove untenable, it must be given up A modification of it seems impossible without destruction of the whole No one mrust think. that Newton's great creation can be overthrown in any real sense by this or by any other theory His clear and wide ideas will forever retain their significance as the foundation on which our jnodern conceptions of physics4 have been built. final comment by an application of the theory of relativity to the taste of readers. Today in Germany, I am called a German man of science, and In England I am represented as a SwisstJew I come to be regarded reversed, and I shall; become a Swiss Jew for the, Germans and a German man of science for the English' TODAY'S AID TO BEAUTY Hair is by far the most conspicuous thing about us and is probably the most easily damaged by bad or careless treatment If we are very careful fh hair washing we will have virtually no nair Troubles An especially fine shampoo for this weather, one that brings out all th natural beauty of the hair; that dissolves and entirely removes all dandruff, excess oil and dirt; can easily be used at trifling expense by stmply dissolving a teaspoonful of canthrox (which you can get at any 'druggist's) in a cup of hot water. This makes a of shampoo liquid enough VJ11IC vua iiovr kUUt I ai i.

clashed with the relativistiev kine so ls easy lo aPPy lc to ln nair jnsieau ai jusi tu lup oi me head. This chemically dissolves all impurities and creates a soothing, cooling lather. Rinsing leaves the scalp spotlessly clean, soft and pliant, while the hair takes on the glossy richness of natural color, also a fluffinesa which makes it 3eem than it is. After a canthrox shampoo, arTangingVthe hairis apleasure Adv. 1 choicb onn wtj 7 AW rwsnAol 7T 7f 7L JBf 1 9T ftr2IB BOOT SEUEK3 Jh I i Pl i i I i i i 1 i I lUi i 'r.

1 Most Successful SileHBerbe rich Stores Hgve To Continue All This Week "i ST I At Six Days of Tremendous Buying Activity Predicted; Many Remarkable Bargains; THINGS YOU MAY NOT KNOW ABOUT SHOES AND SIZES The difference in one width of a shoe in the same size is about one quarter of an inch. A half size in shoe measurements is not a half inch, as generally supposed, it is but one sixth of an inch. The Berbench policy is NOT to sell a customer if you CANNOT FIT thfem It is sometimes hard to tell the WOrfTH of a shoe by its "'LOOKS Therefore, buying NATIONALLY KNOWN shoes is important, for the concern that stamps its shoet and then advertises them to uie country has faith in its product. Ber bench's shoes are the kinrf that are known EVERYWHERE as the BEST Berberich's salespeople are trained to FIT shoes, rather than to make sales A silver tongue may sound nice to the ears, butit doesn't tuVke one's. feet feel right in ill flttingt shoes.

Wheu Uncle Sam called American manhood to the colors, it was found that mosj; men were suffering from some sort of foot trouble, and these ttonhles were, in most instances, caused from POORLY FITTED SHOES. Shoe Convention Predicts' Higher Prices Pour thousand men and worn enfrom every State in the Union, as" well as Cuba, South America and Europe, have gathered in Boston this week for the annual convention gf shoe merchants, manufacturers, etc. It is toe largest meeting ever held by the organization. Many important questions will be brought up at this meet ing, one of vital interest to very one. Shoe men are of the opinion that spring will see an advance in shoes of about $3 per pair, retail price, it is said, and one ofthe questions to be broughtrun in Boston will be the standardization of styles soNthat the retail prices may be TSrought down.

However, they claim, this standardization cannot take place in time to affect spring prices so mere wiiv De no reirei in sight here. As a matter of fact there is but one thing to do 'for. people who have an eye toward tomorrow's prices and thatJsr read every Item on (and then huy fortodayraa for tomorrow. "The savings''will be twofold Prices Which Hold a Big Attraction for Women Who Like Bargains Two specially priced lots of women's smart pumps in; best grades. Hand turned soles, cov eredLouis heels $7.85 Patrician black kid button boots Black corkscrew cloth tops; welt mili tary heels.

Sizes 3 to 8. Same i rich e.11 black kid: $7.85 Entire, stock infants' and, childrens' shoes specially priced for tomorrow Misses' Patrician and Educator button shoes in patent colt and gun metal calfskin Sizes 11 to 2. Welt soles of best grade leather $6.85 $4.65 Ladies' dull kid and patent colt; Patrician make Extra high patterns: covered Louis heels Same in cloth, tops. Most all sizes $6.85 $7.45" La gen boots sizes. Prance black kid stage last, welt Cuban Most all Re lace $6.85 $4.85 $8.25 Pine kid button, Patentcolt button, high heels; Patent blucher Vassar, medium heels and round toe effect.

Brok en sizes. Very low, price to Patrician gun metal calfskin lace boots; gray kid tops; also fawn bucktops; Goodyear It soles'; med i deels Ladies: We present some high grade women's, boots in grays, fieldmouse and tans; walking heel; the new aeroplane wing tip and straight kind; welt soles; shoes of good appearance andrery good ser (t CT All sizes at $0O0 low sale Bclhstores. Button. shoes, with" class abounding; built from fin est kidskin along fashion plate lines; light dresswelts'and turn soles; graceful poyered Louis heels. Thnr fashionable? fieldr mduse cojbr.

Also' black kid vampsj 'Witli colorfully topsof Dixie sray, tan, etc Can fit ountVy, these hestTof goofl rhrStflil bootsalerice' m0m, tBotb. stores. i Select from the 300 pairs of women's highest grade Cousins, Lanes Patrician and other best makes of boots; tans, grays, fieldmouse and black, in finest kid and some with buck and cloth tops, Cuban and military heels; nearly all sizes. At sale price of about half the regular price on today's market Both stores Brooklyn's fame for women's lfgbt weight welts and turns in finest footwear for women is recognized the shoe wbrld over. Here we offer about 360 pairs in grays, Brooklyn's besjt product, Dixie grays and pearl gray lace, covered heels; most all sizes from among several lots.

Price of about halt regular price. 4 Both scores. Patrician boots; "high patterns 'finest kjdskms, plain and combinations of tops and Louis and I Mmt3ry heelsl Size limitations, widttis. Alter JK oO Inventory price. Both stores A Bhoe Opportunity in de lighful seal brown and the lighter brown Nubuck lace boots.

lGood height; dress welt soles and leather (Tf OCT Louis heela Our JhJ.Ot) price Both stores Ladies' patent colt button Patrician. Broken sizes. Kid tops; welt soles. (T CT Cmban heels. ll Li, To close Twenty in handsome button boots.

Solid fieldmouse, black vamps, with Dixie gray tops, tan tops, Light' dress welt with (frCS QC? graced leather JhOoOO LoQis heels ww ww Both tores. American Glxl? Cincinnati ''madeJtace bootsVjn Dixie sray and 'fich fieldmouse gray kld skin'Tferfectmatch, plain vest ingcloth tops. Jxtra Jiigh cut; wing or straight tips; light welt soles; Cuban or inilifary heels; all sizes. At the dC fK remarkable price tbOr) tJ Both stores. Berberich's Moe Salells "the tleUfof Washington Move potTaten Adcaritageofatliet 'Low Prices? Strict Adherence to an' 1 Ideal Has Built Berberich's The success of the Berbench shoe business and the records of each year, as it surpasses the one gone before, is dne to the" stri6t adherence to princt ples advanced by its founders more than a half century ago A half century is long time as "measured by a generation, and as each year passes Berberich's responsibilities to the public increase in propqrtion.

Because one word, printed or spoken, that was not exactly true, might crumble a reputation that has taken years of time and hundreds of thousands of dollars to establish. These facts are important to the shoe buyer, in that it is evidence in Itself of the values to be found at the "Berberich stores during this sale. The use of comparative pi lees was eliminated some time ago, but the Berberich word of honor is your guarantee that these shoes are BIG values in EVERY CLfPLETTS A Schoolboy Expounder. Teacher What are the properties of heat and cold? Small Pupil. The property of xupefei.

IS IIS contract Teacher amole. Small PupH In summer, when it is hot, 'the days are Itmg; in winter, when it is cold, the days are short. Chicago News. (SPECIAL) A week ago today Berberichs News announced this shoe sale. The response was Both Berberich stores haveheld "capacity business" all during the past week.

In the NEWS today wilf be found Still mor attractive shoe bargains, which should mean six more days of unprecedented buying activity. Because of the hugeness of the Berberich. stocks and because of the nationally known shoes sold, this sate is of importance to both men and women who have wanted relief from high prices, Many people have bought several pairs of shoes wih the frank intentions of saving thetn for Spring, Summerand Fall. 'It is no secret that shoe prices will be higher in the Spring, and mostvpoplq.whohae attended this sale realize they are sayinxen saving the difference between tespnce8lnowana Wiiat shoes will cost latere The NEWS lists today'many items which have not appeared previously. Men and women will find them interesting.

Note that the pHcesjquoted are very much lower than you would expect even at Berberich's, where one naturally expects lower prices, due to enormous number of shoes sold in a a 'St 4 5: 3 'J 'X5! 4c year. This is a page of economy today Study itcare ully then act at thes firs moment, because many of these lines are being closed out fast and (we do not want any one disappointed. Money Saving Prices on Good Shoes for Men expand cold to Now give.me anex A Lavish Fiance. "EngageA. eh' Congratulations" "Thanks "She's a very pretty I stfppose you did yourself proud at Christmas "Well, I bought out a flower store and a candy store." i fair start What did you glvener fr a rea.1 giff' Kan sas City Journal Mothers 'Should Know This Misses' tan and black Jace shoes; good height patterns.

Attractive A CT lasts. Sizes 12 to 2 Sixty pairs of growing girls tan calf and black gunmetal calfskin lace stioesT seii sible heels, For big girls, sizes 24S totf. Shoes that have sold at" much, higher nrice than this el ea r.anc flg ureof. T3 Seven dozen children's gray washable kidbaesV subs'tantja welt soles lace and. nutton tstyres1.

toiLmA ACT A fter inventory aa SturuJi jyiukXfj ii $4.95 ManyT styles tones. The inimany color 4m059) $85 THro yery unusual 4 values in blac for shoe conserv ative on en uraaaocK seiui English black kangaroo shoe and a Weber Bros shoe of best rain In black kidskin on a wider toe; 'both Goodyear welts and good in every detail; sizes 6 to 11, to Oddment Price. 4 7 Both stores $6.45 vor Men: Test this offer. Craddock Barry made. Tan genuine calfskin, oak soled.

Goodyearv welted shoes at seven eighty flve. Just ask your merchant if the shoe he offers you at this priee is an honest to gootfness calfskin or what is called a sjde leather, or of Jthe split feather family? These (Trf Off 1 4re, calf s)Wn. AU nOD sizes JB to E. Both stores. The man knows the best among men's shoes will be glad to be able select from two lotsbf EdwiiriClanp, the w6rld's finest creation for menwear; tan calfskin, EngKshand senli English toes at fj 'OCT jour low price $XJL03 Bothv Stores.

Men's black English gun lace shoes. McEJwain makte. SizesT to 10 onlyr Most exceptfonal val (TCf OCT Sale 3Di ZU price. Seventh street store only. Men, here are some exceptional shoe bargains; genuine tan calfskin lace; wing or straight tip; from a narrow English, to a wide' high tos blucher or button.

All the me dium effects between Goodyear welted soles and wel 1 made throughout Both stores. Sr 4t .00 Men's 3foWegian Calf, Mili tary Brog, in the Steadfast best grade and in the celebrated iershing last This slioe is fbuilt aIong vfaterproof lines, with the new approved split shaped welt and the rawhide feather sfrjp betweenouter and Jsner soles. Plenty 'of pa'rs, but sizes slightly broken. About $20 Seventh street jstofe only The Silk Sox A.Jieavy stripe effect all colors and some really rare silk dropsjiteh models in "Women's Hosiery arfe new items Jnteresfc in this Best of WASmNGTCttp Hosiery De partmentS.Specially priced for this salel Otherlintersting" items, Mc anflT69c 'Hosiery Sale Jointly At 1 "a a. 3" 5.

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