The Post-Crescent from Appleton, Wisconsin • 14

Monday, June 3, 1963 Appteron Post-Crescent AT 4 do Cardinal Cento, 79, and Leo-Joseph Cardinal Sue-nens, archbishop of Brussels. It has been customary to select the new Pope from among the cardinals, but not necessary. (AP Wirephoto) Agagianian, an Armenian member of the curia, Eugene Cardinal Tisserant, 79, French-born dean of the College of Cardinals, Paolo Cardinal Marella, 68. Paul Emile Cardinal Leger, archbishop of Montreal, Fednan- personal advisory board. Shown, from left, are Luigi Cardinal Traglia, 68, Alfonso Cardinal Castaldo, 72, archbishop of Naples, Carlo Cardinal Confalonieri, 69, Ildebrando Antoniuette, 64, Gregory Peter Cardinal One of These 10 Cardinals is believed most likely to succeed Pope John XXIII at the helm of the Catholic Church.

All are highly regarded in church circles and many are members of the Vatican Curia, the Pope's 1947 from 262 to 261, including Pius XII. In 1961, the Vatican again re Cardinals Will Choose New Pope at Secret Conclave vised the list, dropping an eighth century priest who had been listed as Pope Stephen II. That brought the count back down to 261 including John XXIII. Reason for Decision Stephen was dropped because Method Evolved Over Centuries; White Smoke Will Signal Election Vatican Not he had died on the third day alter his election in March 752, and before he was consecrated as Pope. VATICAN CITY AP) The sue-1 that the cardinals be locked up Certain About In those days there was no coronation, but a consecration ceremony served a similar function.

cessor to Pope John XXIII will be and given skimpy rations of food elected at a secret conclave of and water until they made up it i 1 4if 1 'v Experts always had argued their minds. Physical Ordeal In some conclaves of the past a about Stephen. Old papal lists did List of Popes not name him because in the eichth century a man was not the cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church. With the death of the Pope, the princes of the church will come to Rome from all parts of the Christian world. In two to three weeks they will barricade themselves in the Sistine Chapel and the adjoin rugged constitution was a distinct asset for the cardinals.

A survivor of a conclave in 1241 wrote: "They dragged us into conclave, grabbing as by our hands and considered Pope until he had been consecrated. Recent lists included him because current practice is Best Estimate New Pontiff Will be Known at 262nd VATICAN CITY (AP)-The sue feet and heating us as though we were thieves. Our aged brother was thrown down and dragged along by his feet so that his back was injured hv the stones of the cessor of Pope John XXIII will to consider a man Pope from the time of his election, even though his coronation might come weeks later. In 1961, Vatican experts decided in Stephen's case to go by the custom followed in his time. The Vatican still does not guarantee that its revised list if Popes be the 262nd recognized pontiff on jng Vatican apartments.

They will not emerge from the tightly guarded conclave area until a new Pope almost certainly one of their own number is elected by a majority of two-thirds of the cardinals present. There is no foretelling how long the conclave might last. The elec street. Finally, he had to be car- official list of sovereigns of ried to the conclave on a carpet." the Roman Catholic Church. After 50 days, during which correct.

Nor does it maintain his But so was Pope John on one of the 10 cardinals at the con that the new Pope will be un election in 1958. tion of Pope Pius XII in 1939 took clave died and two others fell ill And so was Pope Pius XII on his election in 1939. just 20 hours. Pope John was Celestino rv was elected. He elected on the 12th ballot in a died 12 days later, four-day conclave in 1958.

The A wing oi the Vatican Palace conclave that elected Pope Greg-will be given over to the coming ory in 1271 took two years and conclave. With about 200 aides. The reason for the conflict? During World War II the Vatican questionably the 262nd supreme sovereign of the Church. Officially, it has given up counting the Popes. Numbers Eliminated Until 1947, the official Vatican yearbook counted them and gave each Pope a specific number.

After the World War II recount, the yearbook eliminated specific numbers and merely listed the months the longest on rcc- the earnings will remain under message, which was broadcast the next day. The Pope made the recording even though his physicians told him he had to severely limit his activities. (AP took a new look at the list of Popes and decided to drop a few, add a few, and question a few. The result was that the list of legitimate Topes was reduced in The People in the Sanctuary of Piekary, near Cato-wice, Poland, received their customary annual message from the Pope on the last Sunday in May, despite the fact that he was gravely ill. He is shown recording the lock and key virtual prisoners until they have chosen Tope John's successor.

Each cardinal orn. With the election of the new pontiff who will be regarded by Catholics as the 2fi2nd Vicar of will have a small apartment of Christ on earth and a direct sue three rooms in which he will live quired majority, a little damp Popes, as nearly as possible in cessor to St. Peter a cardinal with his conclave secretary and straw is supposed to be added chronological order. It simply ac- Encyclical on Peace May be One of Most Enduring Monuments to Pope John XXIII deacon will appear on the central: personai savant. The apart-balcony of St Peter's Basilica to ments will be outfitted with beds, and the smoke is supposed tocepted as confusion the contusior come out blatk.

ithat has surrounded the list of announce to the great crowd Popes for centuries. tables and chairs little more Vote in Chapel System Not Foolproof The signal system hardly is Here are some of the changes The voting will take place in the made during the World War II doubled world almost from the! working man and urged him. in recount: moment the document was issued certain cases, to acauire stock of St. Anacletus, who supposedly 'Pacem in Terris' First Letter Addressed To All Men; Welcomed by Troubled World foolproof. Despite the addition of the straw, great billows of white smoke shot from the chimney on the first day of voting in 1958.

Vatican radio announced erroneously that a Pope had been elected. on April 10, 1963. Sistine Chanel beneath the famous fresco of the Last Judcment by Michelangelo. The cardinals will sit on little thrones, under silken canonies. alone the wall of the reigned about 100, was eliminated the firms for which he works.

But it also defended the right of the U.N. Secretarv-General Thant the square below: "Nuntio vobis gaudium mag-rum: habemus Papam I announce to you tidings of great joy. We have a Pope." Thousands Wait The tens of thousands waiting in St Peter's Square will break into frenzy of cheering. The cardinal deacon will announce the nrme. Again the crowd will thunder its approval.

Then the new Pope will step into VATICAN CITY (AP)-One ofjthe United Nations could be (he message as a "heart- when research showed he and St. Cletus, who reigned about 76, were the same person. The next day the cardinals ad chapel. In front of each will be a desk with silver ink wells and the most enduring monuments to basis. He voiced the hope that Pope John XXIII may be "Pacem the United Nations would develop Donus II was stricken from the list.

Research showed he never ded a petroleum byproduct to the burning ballots to make sure the smoke would come out black. quill pens. If the procedure remains un ening and noble call." siaie 10 ene euiwpn The U.S. government, which' Particular'y where il serves the had never before commented on common good. It pleaded for a Papal pronouncement, announced more equitable distribution of the that it "warmly welcomes the: riches of the world.

Terris." the last of eight "le evel in existed. oemg win una tnereui an euec- cyclicals he wrote during his Alexander and a previous Three days later Angelo Giu changed from the conclave that elected Pope John, the cardinals tive Pope John XXIII, both 15 cen hui i nii message ui rua nuimesa seppe Cardinal Roncalli, elderly patriarch of Venice, received the reign. This encyclical, together with will cast ballotj twice each morn tury figures, were relegated to the ing and twice each afternoon until required majority from the con Weapons Ban He called for a nuclear ban with controlled disarmament to avert the danger of annihilation. a candidate achieves the required clave of 51 cardinals. Then there his other great encyclical, "Mater Et Magistra," had worldwide im majority.

list of anti-Popes, or false claimants. John, the most popular papal name, has caused much of the confusion. The pontificate of John XIV (9R3.41 was once divided into Pope John XXIII to all men of good will." The encyclical was welcomed in the communist camp, where atheism is a basic tenet. Trouble in Italy Ironically, "Pacem in Terris" was a tiny wisp of smoke, but none could say for certain wheth Anyone v.ho violates the con pact as basic documents expound "People live in constant fear," view, garbed in newly tailored papal vestments and slowly raise his hands in benediction. The method of electing the Pope evolved over many centuries.

St. Peter received his mission directly from Jesus Christ. During the first three centuries of Christianity the bishops of Rome, who are the popes, chose their successors, sometimes with the ad- clave's secrecy may be excom er it was white or black. municated the severest sanction ing Roman Catholic views on the great questions of the Twentieth he wrote, "lest the storm that every moment threatens should The bustle of activity on the of the chnrch. Until the new Pope is announc Basilica two, erroneously adding a nonexistent John to the series.

balcony of St. Peter's ended the doubts. break upon them with dreadful ran into resistance from conserva- Century. violence. though it is dif- tive Catholic circles in Italy who "Pacem in Terris (Peace on Pope John's other encyclicals: "Ad Petri Cathedram," issued July 2, 1959.

An appeal for all Christians to unite, it set the stage for Pope John's Ecumenical Council. "Sacerdoti Nostri Primordia," issued July 31, 1959 on the priesthood. "Grata Recordatio," issued Sept. 29, 1959 on the recitation of the rosary. "Princeps Pastorum," issued Nov.

28, 1959 on missions. "Aeterna Dei Sapientia," issued Dec. 8, 1961 on Christian unity. "Penitentiam Facere," issued ed, the only clue to the progress of the voting will be wisps of smoke from a thin, round chimney Earth) was the first encyclical in hcult to believe that anyone would vire of bishoos of nearby sees. history devoted exclusively to deliberately take the responsibili-dptailod shidv of the achievement; ty for the appalling destruction From the time of the Council of thrust through a window of the Antioch in 341 until the Eighth; sistine Chapel.

of peace in all its aspects, feared that its message gave sup- port to the Italian Communist! Party. The encyclical became a factor in Italy's 1963 spring general election. The Communists then picked up a million new votes, touching off charges by the rightwing press that Pope John was partly century, synods were held to take According to a tradition which the vote of clergy and faithful, become accepted during the and sorrow that war would bring in its train, it cannot be denied that the conflagration may be set off by some uncontrollable and unexpected change." Ritual of Mourning Begins in Vatican City Protocol Set in Motion for Funeral of Pope John, Election of His Successor past century, a puff of white smoke is supposed to signal that "Mater et Magistra" (Mother and Teacher) ranged over the world's social problems. This encyclical longest in history examined questions of private property, labor relations. which led the way to considerable lav meddling.

Even after the cardinals won new Pope has been elected. The The encyclical also revealed an attempt by the Pope to reach July 5, 1962 on prayers and penance for the Ecumenical public ownership of property and over the church-rejected philoso-economic development of nations. I phy of communism to open new The two encvclicals undoubtedly I avenues of communication with to blame. Vatican press organs replied that such interpretations were inaccurate and false. For his part, Pope John was the right to elect the Popes they smoke is from ballots which are were subject to interference.

They burned in a small stove in the also found the task difficult be- chapel after each round of vot-cause of their own differences. To ing. If a pope has been elected prod them, the Franciscan monk the ballots are burned alone. If no Eonaventure suggested in has received the re- BY EUGENE LEVIN IMany are expected to arrive in VATICAN CITY (AP) in- time to "attend funeral services hold a prominent position among; the governments and resumes be utes after Pope John XXIII diedifor the deceased pontiff, the 300 encyclical letters popes, una tne iron curtain These services will extend over Without mentioning have written since the first one, in 1740. (TTH OAV- the solemn ritual of mourning and funeral came into motion.

So also did the protocol which ultimately will lead to the joyous coronation of a new pontiff. a nine-day official mourning period, which will probably start in the next day or two. The cardinals now in Rome will meet as Addressed All Men Unlike the others, "Pacem In deeply moved by world response to "Pacem in Terris." He told a general audience that he had hoped his encyclical would light a little torch. "Imagine the joy In our heart upon seeing that flame expand and, little by little, light up minds and hearts," he said. Social Document In "Mater et Magistra," issued July 14, 1961, the Pope reviewed nism, the encyclical said that in some cases Catholics could work with those who reject Catholic doctrine.

Politics Change Pope John declared that, though basic philosophies might remain, the same political movements Terris" was addressed to the entire world, not to Catholics alone. I soon as possible to decide the These were the actions called but in Pope John's words, to "all Largest Number of Cardinals In History Will Elect Next Pope VATICAN CITY (AP) The nextJNegro cardinal, Laurean Cardinal pope will be elected by more car-, Rupgamhwa of Tankanyika; the dinals than any other pope in his- first Japanese cardinal, Peter lory. Tatsuo Cardinal Doi, Archbishop In the 4'4 years of his reign of Tokyo, and the first Philippine Tope John XXIII repeatedly in cardinal, Ruffino J. Cardinal San- for by tradition: Yellow and white Vatican flags men of good will." In 15,000 words it detailed Pope 4 It oir THI OINUINI 11 were untuned at halt stall. Heavy chains were stretched John's hopes for a universal change with time.

hotwaon He reaffirmed the church's social and economic problems of UlflTfR nations founded on what he called, stand against communist dictator- the world since 1891 the year across entrances to the Papal palaces, symbolizing that they have been closed until a new ship, stressing that men had the of another major encyclical, Pope naie. i ney also win worn out preliminary arrangements for the administration of the church during the interregnum. 9 Days Mourning While the mourning period is fixed at nine days, the cardinals may alter other arrangements. But they are expected to follow generally the procedure used when Pope Pius XII died. If they do.

this will be the pattern: On the first three days of the mourning period, the body will creased the College of Cardinals 'tos. Archbishop of Manila, dln-STER right to choose their leaders. Yet1 Leo XIII's "Rerun Novarum" (Of the four pillars truth, justice, charity and liberty. In "Pacem in Terris." Pope Pope can take over. Church bells The college has an average age membership to all time highs New Things), a basic document of first to 74, then to 78, 85 and 87.

today of 70.5. The average age about Rome tolled. Meanwhile, the first ritual John appealed for an end to all he made It plain he lelt everyone must try to overcome differences and exert every effort to reduce world tension for the benefit of all mankind. the church on social problems. Like "Rerum Novarum," Pope John's encyclical defended the dressing of the body was under Amtrito' largtgf tilling TOILET TANK BALL Th tfficitnt Water Moittr Initantly tepl tfx (low of water affar tadi Suihlng.

7SC AT HARDWAft STOPIS rights of private property. It call racial and religious discrimination. He stressed equal rights for women, free initiative, fair wages and social security for all. He urged a peace based on way. The Pope's confessors took up posts by his death bed.

They had the privilege of standing "Pacem in Terris" touched a ed for a better deal for the lie in state in St. Peter's so that Even with recent deaths thejhad been 74 when John XXIII was present number 82 would be elected. The oldest member now the largest ever called upon to is Francesco Cardinal Morano of pick a ruler of the Roman Calh- Italy, AO. Juan Cardinal Landa-olic Church. zuri Rickets, Archbishop of Lima, As always the largest number Peru, is the youngest at 49.

comes frim Italy. There are 29; The longest in service are car-Italian Cardinals now. But the 53 dinals Manuel Gonsalves Cereje-cardinals of oilier nationalities is Ira of Portugal and Ignace Gabri-IW'te than ever before and (he'el Tappouni of Syria. Both were ratio of Italian Cardinals is the! named in the same consistory in the public can gaze on the pontiff world government, indicating that for a last time. Hundreds of thousands are expected to file through the basilica, Christen first watch over his body.

When the dressing was concluded, a cardinal entered the chamber for the official recognition of death. Destroy Ring In Latin, the cardinal announced: "Vere Papa Johannes XXIII WHY PAY RENT? Right Now You Can Get The Advantages Of Owning Your Own Horn. With Ai Uttl Ai $200 Down $81 Monthly. Com. Out and SI dom's greatest church Toward the end of the third day, with the Vatican will send someone.

So will many which have no diplomatic ties with the Vatican, such as the United States. While they mourn, the cardinals will be setting into motion the machinery to name a new 1929. smallest it has ever Non-Itnlian Cardinals The non-Italians and their num First Consistory In 1958 the basilica will be closed to the public. Then, 'in a solemn cere-many attended by high church rone John's first eonsistorv Was mortus est" Pope John XXIII Doc. 15, He created 23 car- is truly dead.

bers are: France 8, Spain 6, t'it TWO MODEL HOMES OPEN dignitaries and diplomats accred Pope. Each day the princes of itwt In tllA Vatican trtA krw4u uill ed States 5, Germany 3, Brazil 3.. dinals, bringing the number to 74. Then the fisherman ring-Argentina 2 Canada 2, Portugal One cardinal had died after the symbol of the Pope's Authority 5 and one parh from Britain, 'none'n elertinti was removed from his hand. It tw.

nlart in trinU church present In Rome will Saturday-Sunday 1-5 p.m. 6-8 p.m. of lead, one of cypress and one of conf'ave- A They also will handle routine busi fyria, Ireland, Armenia, Austral- In the following year four more, will be destroyed in the presence la, Hungary, Poland, China, India, died. On Dec. 14.

1959, at his sec-of all cardinals in Rome within oak. The casket will then be lowered into a crypt in the grot- ness of the church at these daily ft Mexico, Ecuador, Austria, the end consistory, Pope John creat- two or three days. A new ring toes Dasjijca, meetings, which will continue un til the conclave starts. The Cardinal Chamberlain will Netherlands, Japan, Uruguay, ed eight new cardinals, raising wia dc mane reaay lor tne next T'hilippines, Tanganyika, Venezu- the number to 78. IPope.

ela, Colombia. Teru, Chile and' Then, on March 28. I960, he ere- Almost immediately the Vati-Beleium. aled seven more, making the can stale secretariat started to serve as a sort of interim admin istrator oi the cnurcn until a new Homes PrfM'nllj flimn4 Pope is chosen. Increasing and diversifying the membership 85, the highest in his- Fifteen days must elapse from For the next six days of the official mourning period a symbolic coffin will be kept in St.

Peter's Basilica. Mass will be said every day. One mass, probably the last, will be a solemn but splendid memorial service attended by special representatives of countries around the world. Papal Conclave Many foreign ministers, several Suburban tMna the time of Pope John's death to the convening of the conclave. But send telegrams to diplomats accredited to the Holy See and to cardinals around the world, advising them of the Pope's death.

The cardinals who must wear violet robes of mourning instead of the traditional crimson until a Dnigntd for fomilitt MET. i' College of Cardinals was one of tory up to then, the notable accomplishments of Deaths Reduced Number Tope John'i reign. In the past Deaths reduced the number to there never were more than 70. Pope John created four more There were only 52 cardinals' Jan. 18.

1961. when he was elected. He called i By the time he called his last the meeting must begin as soon as possible after Uus waiting Phont period. In 1958, the conclave which II En PA 2-4466 or 4-3132 elected Pope John XXIII met IB days after Pius XII died. The premiers and possihly a presl II 336 Harriet Kimberly Alio Open Neenah five separata consistories and consistory March 19, 1962.

the; new Pope is elected are being there had been reports that he 'number dropped tn 77. He in-asked to come to Rome to at-had planned a sixth. creased It tn 87. the greatest num-jtend the conclave which will elect la iddlUoo created the first, bar la Jittery. jthe successor oi Pop John.

dent or two may attend. All coun-'cardinals probably will decide the trie havinj diplomatic relations jexact date in the next few days..