The Morning Call from Allentown, Pennsylvania • 4

A4 THE MORNING CALL, MONDAY. MAY 3, 1982 make devastating criticisms of others ftSoltroxily cegiuiflates FALKLAND'S Continued From Page A 1 a Falklands dependency, had been seized by Argentine forces on April 3, the day after they occupied the Falklands. During the day-long lull in fighting yesterday, Argentina nad said its forces so hurt the British war fleet Saturday that it "lacked the capacity and force to continue the attack' Argentina's joint chiefs of staff said if the British struck again they would be "totally repelled" and President Leopoldo Galtieri told his Cabinet in Buenos Aires that "Argentina is not going to raise the white flag." Before the Defense Ministry announcement of the submarine attack, British Foreign Secretary Francis Pym told reporters in Washington that Britain did not plan new attacks if Argentine forces stayed out of the 200-mile air-sea exclusion zone London imposed Friday. "There is no other military action envisaged at the moment other than making that secure," Pym said. In Lima, Peru, President Fernando Belaunde Terry said Britain and Argentina would announce last night a cessation of hostilities, but his statement drew negative responses in Washington, London and Buenos Aires.

State Department spokesman Joe Reap in Washington said, "I have no information on that." He issued a statement later saying Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig Jr. "has been in touch with President Belaunde and Foreign Secretary Pym in recent hours and a number of ideas have been exchanged, but there is no agreement on anything. A Foreign Ministry source in Buenos Aires said he was aware that Belaunde had been trying to arrange a truce but he was surprised at the announcement. The government offered no comment.

Tony Joy, a British Foreign Office spokesman, said, "We have no information on this. If it is true, no doubt it will be discussed with Mr. Pym in New York." Pym flew from Washington to New York for a previously scheduled meeting with U.N. Secretary-General Javier Perez de Cuellar of Peru. Belaunde's statement said a seven-point agreement had been reached, and the first point called for 'an immediate cessation of hostilities.

British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher conferred with defense chiefs and her "War Cabinet" for for nearly four hours at her country residence, Chequers, and an aide said: "Britain will keep turning the screw, anything can happen at any- time." Pym had met in Washington with Haig and later with Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger. He told reporters afterward that Britain probably will ask the United States for "logistic support and other kinds of support," but had not yet made an official request for assistance. they may barely know with the monition, "You owe more to this person," says Elizabeth Kayal. Martin says she felt compelled to make negative comments she didn't believe about a friend in the training. Professionals also are disturbed about Lifespring's authoritarianism, which requires unquestioning obedience to trainers' orders.

Professionals say the structure is the opposite of the non-directional therapy of psychologist Carl Rogers, from which Lifespring claims to have derived some of its ideas. It is also the structure most likely to cause casualties, according to a 1971 study on the subject. "I don't see how they can even call it Rogerian," says Martin. "Rogerian therapy lets a person grow at his own pace. A Rogerian therapist feeds back what a person says to him.

For example, if a person says, 'I'm really angry at my a Rogerian therapist says, 'It sounds like you're really He wouldn't say, 'What the hell are you doing to change that? Rogers himself declined to be interviewed. He said through a spokeswoman that he did not know enough about Lifespring. But in the past, he has sharply criticized the similarly authoritarian nature of Erhard Seminars Training (est). Lifespring president Hanley has cited est as one of the sources from which Life-spring has derived its Lifespring's ground rules assure trainees they will not be asked to do anything "immoral or illegal." But some persons who have gone through the sessions, where profanity is encouraged and trainees are labeled with derogatory nametags like slut," might disagree. In one training, a former nun who was perceived as having trouble establishing normal relationships with men was told to enter a bar and proposition the first man she met.

Maryland psychologist Nathan Hughes walked out of a Lifespring training coordinator program after an apparently unmarried woman also seen as having problems with men was instructed to "goose" all the men in the class. "The intimation was that she was going to perform a mock marriage and maybe even spend the night with somebody," he recalled. They said something like, "well maybe one of the things well do for your grail (a challenge the individual must overcome to graduate is we'll have you spend the night with Joe here. Hughes said because he left, he doesn't know whether that occurred. Hughes said before Lifespring, he had been so impressed with the power of experiential training he considered incorporating it in his own work.

Lifespring convinced him the risks outweighed the benefits, however. "I don't care if I have 100 people in the room and 99 come out O.K. and one is damaged," he said. "I didn't feel I wanted to be involved." ing Lifespring throughout the service, and 300 airmen and their families went through it with official sanction at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, according to ABC News "2020." Air Force officials supportive of the program said it would aid in discipline: But the Air Force eventually rejected the program after criticism by some officers that the program's emphasis on "accountability" could lead servicemen to reject superiors' orders in battle situations. It does essentially no screening of prospective trainees.

The American Psychological Association says such a screening is essential to weed out those "inappropriate" for the experience. A-University of Pennsylvania psychiatrist, Dr. Michael Glass, has said a "rather competent" screening interview could be provided, along with a standardized psychological test, for $12.50 in addition to the cost of the Lifespring programs, now $350 for basic and $750 for IPE. Glass said such a screening would have excluded Jerry Kayal of Bethlehem R.3 from participating because his family history Kayal's mother has undergone electroshock therapy for mental illness and his sister had died of anorexia, a nervous condition in which a person loses interest in food and can starve to death indicated he had a higher-than-nor-mal chance of becoming mentally ill. Dr.

Martin Blinder, a University of California psychiatrist called in Life-spring's defense against Kayal's lawsuit, however, testified there was no reliable way to screen Out potential participants for whom the training might be harmful Lifespring does require that participants who have undergone psychotherapy within six months before the program obtain their therapist's consent. Its participants are not adequately informed of the nature of the training. Lifespring's critics say par- -ticipants are misled by the program's assurances that they won't be forced to reveal anything about themselves if they don't want to. In fact, say professionals who have studied or attended Lifespring, the program's extraordinary use of peer pressure forces some to go further than they would like in talking about such intimate subjects as their sexual organs, most humiliating sexual experience and sexual quirks and fan-tasties. At one point in IPE interpersonal experience), according to social service counselor Eileen Martin, trainees are asked to confess whether they've had abortions and to "share' their most bizarre sexual experiences.

"If you said something that wasn't impressive," she recalled, "you got booed out." Similarly, trainees are egged on to Continued From Page A2 current pamphlet, for example, describes basic trainings as a "50-hour sequence of lecturettes, exercises and sharing designed to stimulate personal The same pamphlet describes Life-spring as "a corporation specializing in personal growth trainings." The trainings, the pamphlet adds, have been "carefully designed" to provide a "safe, supportive environment." One person who disagrees with that description of the trainings is former Lifespring vice president Moore. In a court deposition last month, he called Lifespring "at times safe and supportive, but the majority of time it was neither." By the standards of the American Psychological Association, which issued a set of guidelines for growth groups in 1973, and standards of professionals including Lifespring's former supporter, Dr. Shostrom, the program is seriously deficient: The trainings are too large. Shostrom says groups of smaller than a half-dozen can lead to ganging-up and "scapegoating" of individual members. A group with more than 16 members cannot be effectively monitored by anyone, he says, "no matter how well trained or well assisted." Lifespring's basic trainings typically number about 100-165 participants, and classes have been as large as 225.

IPE typically numbers 30-60 members. It allows associates to participate together. Shostrom says one should never participate in a group with close associates or "persons with whom you have professional or competitive social relations," presumably because of the revelation of secrets that is a part of many sessions. Lifespring training allows spouses and business associates to participate together, although it requires they not sit together. Lifespring formerly ran a controversial training program in which many businesses enrolled their employees to improve motivation and loyalty.

In a training attended by Philadelphia-area employees of Gino's, the fast-food chain, participants were encouraged to open up with complaints about their superiors and confessions on how they had cheated the company. Some of those who did so told WCAU radio in Philadephia they were later fired as a result. Others who refused to attend the sessions also say they were fired. According to news reports, employes of the CIA, the Defense Communications Agency, the House Foreign Affairs Committee and the Select Committee on Intelligence also have gone through the program or been sent through it by their superiors. The Air Force had considered us LOANS Continued From Page A 1 those with incomes between $30,001 and $75,000 can still qualify.

Those with earnings above $75,000 must file a separate financial statement disclosing assets to determine if they qualify. Until last Oct. 1, all students could get the Guaranteed Student Loans regardless of wealth. Despite the cutbacks, David Bayer, chief of the Education Department program, said, "We do have people in high income brackets qualifying." For instance, a two-parent family of four with a $75,000 income would be expected to pay $11,700 toward their child's college costs. Even at the most expensive Ivy League schools, that student would be ineligible for Guaranteed Student Loans.

But if the same family had two EXXON Continued From Page A 1 gain from the sale after taxes. Last year Tosco earned $22.6 million on sales of $3.4 billion. Exxon earned $5.6 billion on sales of $115.1 billion last year. Earlier this year, the Synfuels Corp. had threatened to allow no more disbursements under Tosco's guarantee because of reports of huge cost overruns on the project.

Initially, Colony was to have cost less than $2 billion in "as spent" dollars that is, taking inflation into account. But Tosco had raised its own estimate to $3.7 billion and Exxon believed the cost would be close to $5 billion. Only last week, the Synfuels Corp. gave Tosco.until the end of this year to provide revised cost estimates and it allowed Tosco to continue to add to the $39.9 million it drew against its guaranteed loan total last year. Randall Meyer, president of Exxon U.S.A., said the two companies have spent about $400 million on engineering design and actual construction work for Colony.

"While construction work has been progessing satisfactorily," Meyer said, "the estimated probable cost of the project has continued to increase Exxon believes the final cost would be more than twice as much as we thought it would be when we entered the project. Colony was supposed to produce about 47,000 barrels of "upgraded" crude oil daily beginning in 1986. Oil shale, a type of oil-bearing rock, was to be mined, crushed and cooked in "retorts," using a Tosco process. The heavy oil produced was then to be partially refined before shipment. About 1,600 workers are employed at Colony, located on the Middle children in colleges costing $12,000 each, the expected family contribution would be halved to $5,850, leaving each student well within the eligibility range.

At President Reagan's urging, Congress last year imposed the need test on families with incomes above $30,000 and forced students to pay a 5 percent origination fee when taking out the loans. The government pays all the interest on the loans until six months after the student graduates. Borrowers then begin repaying the loans at interest rates of 7 to 9 percent. This year, Reagan is asking Congress to bar graduate students from the program, double the origination fee to 10 percent and require students to repay at market interest rates two years after graduation. The proposals have been roundly criticized by both Republicans and Democrats in Congress and so far no action has been taken on them.

Branch of Parachute Creek about 15 miles west of Rifle, Colo. Others are at work on a new, model town not far away at Battlement Mesa intended to house the surging population of the area associated with the oil shale development. The town, partially completed, is supposed to have nearly 7,000 dwellings. Cancellation of Colony leaves only a single oil shale project under construction in the United States, a smaller one being developed on Parachute Creek only about two miles from the Exxon and Tosco operation by Union Oil Co. of California.

Union received a $400 million government guarantee last year to purchase oil from the plant. Occidental Petroleum and Tenneco Corp. last year stopped work on their joint project to the north near Pi-ceance Creek that involved underground retorting of the oil shale. Another joint venture, the Rio Blanco Oil Shale Co. owned by Gulf Oil Corp.

and Standard Oil Co. (Indiana), has not moved toward commercial scale operation. A third operation, that of Standard Oil Co. of California, is still in an experimental stage involving construction of a small plant near Salt Lake City to which shale would be shipped. In late 1979 Exxon had startled the oil industry and many energy experts by calling for development of an 8 million barrel a day synthetic fuels industry in this country centered in the area around the Colony project.

In keeping with that sense of the world's need for synthetic fuels, Exxon announced in the following months a $7 billion oil shale project in Australia, a $7 billion heavy oil project in Canada, and a $4 billion lignite gasification project in Texas in addition to buying into Colony. Since last summer the projects have been canceled one by one. ENLARGED TO SHOW DETAIL In determining students' need for the loans, the Education Department adds the expected family contribution and any other aid the student gets, then subtracts that from the total yearly cost of college. The gap represents a student's need. Students can get the minimum $1,000 loan if the gap is $500 to $1,000.

If it is greater than $1,000, undergraduate students can borrow up to $2,500 and graduate students can now borrow up to $5,000. The department said a two-parent family pt four with one child in college would be expected to contribute $5,870 if their adjusted gross income was $45,125. If the student got a $1,000 scholarship and attended a school costing $9,500, the student's remaining need would be $2,630, so he would qualify for a $2,500 loan. If that student's college cost $8,000, the remaining need would be $1,130 and the loan would be limited to that amount. Continued From Page A 1 to end the arms race," Stark said.

"So the only other possible source of political will out there is in the normal people of this world." Two weeks ago, Stark appealed for support from the international task force of the National Nuclear Freeze Campaign. Task force chairman Terrance Provance, an official of the American Friends Service Committee, said he supports the concept if it were clear "that it would not be done in a feeble way." He said the soonest a world vote could occur would be late next year. The freeze campaign is a loose coalition of local organizations. Its governing body, the national committee, is to discuss whether to work for a global referendum at its semiannual meeting in Atlanta in June. Some leaders are fearful of blurring their movement's single-minded focus on a Soviet-American freeze in the development, deployment or testing of nuclear weapons as a first step toward disarmament.

"We don't want the freeze movement to bite off more than is manageable," said George Sommaripa, a freeze campaign worker in Massachusetts. Another peace worker, James Olson, director of the Unitarian-Uni-versalist U.N. office in New York, said he had a hunch the scheme would not get very far. As Stark sees it, no country would be able to refuse to go along if the idea won the blessings of the General Assembly. To learn how studies establish the effectiveness of chiropractic in treating irxjustrial back injuries (covered by Workman's Compensation) call our Consumer Information Bureau at: 435-3494 You will hear a brief recorded message discussing what chiropractic has to say about this serious problem.

About a year earlier, the state of California had used distinctly stronger language. It sued Mind Dynamics for consumer fraud and practicing medicine without a license. Deputy Atty. Gen. Herschel Elkins explained it is possible for a person to control his alpha waves but only through biofeedback with an electroencephalograph, which Mind Dynamics didn't have.

Morevoer, he said, Mind Dynamics had "grossly misrepresent(ed)" the potential benefits of controlling one alpha waves. Mind Dynamics closed its doors shortly afterward and ended the lawsuit. Out of it, however, came two of the most successful and slickly packaged businesses in the human potential movement. One of them was est, started by Werner Erhard, a Philadelphia native, who had come to Mind Dynamics after a stint as an encyclopedia and used car salesman. The other, which would later occupy Mind Dynamics' headquarters, was Lifespring.

Hanley founded it several weeks after he left Mind Dynamics in late 1973. Among the cof ounders were three other Mind Dynamics officials, one of whom was one-time Lafayette College student Randall Revell. Hanley became president of the new company after four months, when his predecessor, Robert M. White, left the country for Japan. White was being pursued by the state of Wisconsin, to which he still owes $161,000 in restitution and civil penalties over his involvement in Holiday Magic there.

Lifespring grew quickly and expanded with branches in at least 11 cities. To date it has graduated 70,000 people. But according to former Lifespring magazine editor Stephen Yafa, success brought an increasing insularity to the organization. When Yafa came to Lifespring in 1979, he says, he was encouraged to deal with the controversies over the human potential movement and Lifespring. For a while, the magazine did.

But as the company grew, Yafa says, he began receiving pressure to avoid controversy. He said the organization also was becoming less tolerant of individuality among its staffers to the point that all male staff members were clean-shaven and neatly coiffed like Hanley mirroring the president's increasing rigidity. In 1980, the company's fortunes began to turn, with increasing numbers of lawsuits and an ABC "2020" investigation that one former Lifespring official says cut enrollments by half. Settlements in civil suits against Lifespring now total more than a million dollars, and millions more are at stake in outstanding cases. In the last 18 months, Lifespring has closed its offices in Eugene, Ore.

Phoenix; San Diego; Vancouver, British Columbia, and, in February, Seattle. In the face of the criticism, Hanley has become reluctant to talk to the press. He declined to be interviewed for this series. But in an interview in Lifespring's magazine several months after the company was hit with its first lawsuit, Hanley waxed philosophical about the company's future. "Anything could happen to this organization and we would handle it," he said.

You see, the reason organizations stop is not because they are out of money or because they had a bad idea or because this happened or that happened. It is because people give up. That is all. not from giving up. so nothing can throw us foe long." HANLEY Continued From Page A2 already had come under fire from the Federal Trade Commission and the State of California as a fraudulent "pyramid" scheme.

A pyramid is basically a high-stakes version of the chain letter, designed not to sell products, but to lure investors. For fees ranging from $90 to $4,500, the investors were promised, they could earn as much as $50,000 a year. The way to do it, they were told, was to build their own organizationjby recruiting into the program others from whom they would receive commissions. Some, indeed, made money. But far more lost their investments because of the company's high prices and lack of advertising, and because the pyramiding quickly led to market saturation.

The FTC says tens of thousands of investors nationwide lost tens of millions of dollars as a result of the scheme. Hanley ended up paying a $1,750 civil fine for his role as a "general distributor" in the company's Wisconsin branch. According to California writer Gene Church, a prerequisite to a management position in Holiday Magic was graduation from Leadership Dynamics Institute, a training program, also run by Penn Patrick, which Hanley has acknowledged attending. In his book, "The Pit," Church described hisown experience in the four-day program as virtual imprisonment. "In the interests of being sensitized to becoming -better salesmen and leaders, (participants) were beaten, whipped, jammed into coffins, forced to perform unnatural sex," Church wrote, i The book, made into a movie scheduled for release this spring, described how trainees in his class were tied to crosses in mock crucifixions, forced to eat keitchen garbage, feces and their own vomit and suffocated until they nearly lost consciousness.

Trainees, forced to disrobe, also were beaten with fists and paddles perforated to produce welts. One man had piano wire tied around his testicles as a method of punishment, Church says. 4 According to an account related in a deposition last month by former Lifespring vice president James S. Moore, Hanley impressed his LDI trainers by falling asleep when he was locked inside a coffin for 15 hours. 'Most people just go crazy, have an emotional breakdown," Moore said of the coffin ritual.

It just showed the people of LDI how strong John's will was and, subsequently, they invited him back to be a trainer." Church met Hanley after the latter had moved to San Rafael, Calif. to work for another arm of the Penn Patrick empire. That arm was Mind Dynamics, a program that purported to increase people's IQ, improve their reading speed, relieve pain, speed the healing of injuries and increase extra-sensory perception. It claimed to do all that by teaching clients to turn on their alpha brain waves one of four sorts of waves produced by the brain at will. Hanley rose to become national field director and executive vice president in little more than two years with Mind Dynamics but left late in 1973 because he said he considered it a "lightweight" program.

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