Honolulu Star-Bulletin from Honolulu, Hawaii • 22

TWO" fHUNDLUEU STXK-BULLETIN, WEDNESDAY. 'AUGUST 15, 1925 IMPRESSIVE, HISTORIC CLIMAX AT HAND IN COOK CELEBRATION COOK'S LOG RELATES STORY OE DISCOVERY Sighted OaKu First But Unable to Make a Landing Here Due to Fact That Island Was to Windward KAUAI, HAWAII AWAIT HISTORIC EVENTS Monuments on Two Islands Harking "Where Cook First Landed and Where He Died to Be Dedicated mmm WW IMMM i i mmimi wiii. I wi ii hi -rT- rT ir" ii g'fe ii i iimn 1 iii i- it a a 1 -T- The climax of the Cook scquicenter.ninl celebration, Hawaii's great historical exposition which ha? drawn the attention of the world, i beinnin. Formal dinners, luncheons and other social rK first-hand story is always the best story of any Kent, 50 it is logical, in studying the circumstances of Capt. James Cook's discovery of Hawaii, to turn to Cook's own account his log book.

Searching for a northwest passage, Cook spent December 23 on a low island which he named Christmas Island, and where he made observations of an eclipse events attendant on the visit lu re oi 50 many official celebrities, and the programs of speeches and papers cf the vm. laying the groundwork for a more complete understanding' of the significance of the event, are virtually over, and there now remains the two chief memorial features of the tribute Pacific lands are paying the memory of one of the world's greatest explorers the dedication tomorrow at Waimea. Kauai, of a monument marking th place where Capt. James Cook first set foot on Hawaiian soil, and the ceremonies Saturday on the island of Hawaii, where Cook was klled under circumstances that remain more or less of an enigma to this day. GILBERT TELLS OF HAH I WAS DISCOVERED COOK'S VOYAGES TO AUSTRALIA On January 3.

1773, the ships fcailed north and alter two weeks birds and tome turtles were seen, which they looked upon as signs of the vicinity of land. Now Cook's los- ii quoted: "However, we discovered its appearance bearing northeast by east, and soon after we saw more land bearing north, entirely detached from the former. Both had the appearance of being high land. At noon the first bore north -east, half east, by estimation about eight or nine leagues distant, and an elevated hill on the east end of the other bore north half west. Our latitude at this time was 21 12 north, and longitude 200 41 east.

"We had now light airs and calms fcy turns, so that at sunset we were not less than nine or ten leagues Ixom the nearest land." The reason that Cock did not land on Oahu Is explained by his log of the next day, January 19, 1778. "January 13, 1773. On the 19th at sunrise the Wand first seen bore east several leagues distant. This being directly to windward, which prevented our getting near It. I stood for the other island which we could reach, and.

not long after, discovered a third island in the direction of west, northwest, as far distant as land could be seen. We LIVEN HISTO1 4 -v Natives Surprised At Cook's Objection To Appropriation of Goods From Boat By GEORGE GILBERT (The following account of the first visit of Captain James Cook to the Hawaiian islands is taken from Gilbert' Narrative of Cook's Last Voyage, the original of which was acquired not long ago by the British Museum. Gilbert's account of the death of Captain Cook was published last year by this society (reprint No. 5). Subsequently the president of the Hawaiian Historical Society, Bishop Restarick, took steps to obtain for the society a The later-Island steamer Waia.

leale, the British cruisers Brisbane. Dur.edin and Cornwall, end the United States lYnnsyl-vsnu and an escort c-i submarines end minesweepers, will ride at daybreak tomorrow morning off the beach of Waime. 11 was there, on January 2:1, that Cook's two ships put in for water and other supplies cu the voyage northward in search of the nonexistent Northwest Palace, and it is there that a large assemblage will wime.ss the dedication cf the monument contributed by Kauai citizens. Bargrn Aids I.andinjr A landing barge has been towed to Watmea bench by vessels from Pearl Harbor to facilitate the departure of the official party and spectators from the ships. The monument stands in Waimea's park, near where Captain Cook met the Kauaian chiefs in council.

Judge C. B. Hofgaard of Kauai, a leader in arrar.ptments there for the celebration, will present the monument to the territory and de-dare it consecrated to the memory of the British explorer. As he finishes, the veil wiil fall from around the fhaU. and lrcm the waters wiU x- A f- JSC" -V Stirring Story Is Told of How Explorer Gave New Empire To England B.r W.

D. LVSTV (Jlember, Sub-Editorial SUff, New Zealand Herald) AUCKLAND. July 16. The celebration of the Captain Cook s.esqui-centennial at Hawaii, like other Cock celebrations, has a definite interest for New Zea'anders. especially those wlio are students cf true history of the colonization of this country.

Cook was not the first to discover New Zealand. Abel Tasman, the copy of the portion of the narrative describing the first visit of the great explorer to these islands; and it is published now. It is believed, for the fjrst time.) 1 boom the salute r.f the warships. i i great Dutch navigator, did that over 'K ff jlOO years berore Cocks first visit dcJ ta SlS (but beyond sighting the coast of he orati on. follov Vhieh all itVincrn Tin Tli-l mnro that! these islands he did no more than he liad now a fine breeze east by north mid I steered for the east end of the second Island, which at noon extended from north, half east, to northwest a quarter west, the nearest point being about two leagues distant.

At this time we were In doubt whether or not the land before us was inhabited, but the doubt was soon cleared up by seeing some canoes coming off from the Ehore toward the ships. I Immediately brought to. to give them time to join us. They had from three to six men In each and on their approach we were agreeably surprised to find they spoke the language Otaheite and of the other Islands we had lately visited. Would Not Come on Board "It required but little address to fcet them to come alongside, but no entreaties could prevail upon them to come on board.

I tied some brass medals to rope and gave them to one of the canoes, who In return tied some small mackerel to the rope as an equivalent. This was repeated and some small nails or bits of iron which they valued more than any other articles given them, for they exchanged more fish, and confer on them the name that they still bear. In his brief experience with the Maoris in 1642 he had a tragic skirmish with a party of natives near what is now Cook Strait. (British Museum. Add.

MS 38,530, Pages 107-115) About the 25th of January 1773 being then in latitude 21j north longitude 201 east we discovered an island at the distance of 10 leagues to windward of us and in a few hours afterwards another to leeward which we stood for and the next day came to an anchor in an open road on the south side of it having bad ground and a reef to leeward of us. This island was called by the natives Towi; it is of a circular form and about the size of Otaheite; the interior parts are high land the shore in general is of a moderate height and has a very barren appearance till you come close in with it what verdure there is being only in the vallies. which are very fertile. The natives came off to us in their canoes In great numbers; as soon as we came near the shore; and were very easily persuaded to come Hi. 4 4 jt'V, 1 iAi-s'jW T.

visitors vuj dc tasen lor an automobile tour of the island, one of the most beautiful, picturesque and fascinating tpots on earth. Back in Honolulu Friday, the celebrants will rtteiid a program cf historical readings rt 1:30 o'clock in the Army and Navy Y. M. C. A.

building, featured by the presentation of a bronze plaque ronimemo-rating the Cock episode, the gitt to the territory of Theodore Baldwin Pitman and his mother, Mrs. Benjamin Franklui Keola. Pitman ci Boston. Pitman is the crandson oi the late Benjamin K. Pitman and the Chief ess Kmoole.

The plaque wiil be presented by Mrs. Benjamin Franklin Keola Piunan. At 4 o'clock the flotilla will put out for the Kona coast cf Hawaii, where, in Kealakekua bay, Cook anchored on his return from the northwest mainland and where he was slain, with several of his crew, in a sudden uprising of a few of the natives. The Kealakekua ceremony Is the true crescendo of the observance. The ships will anchor early, and at 8 o'clock a fcal'ute wiil crash hi honor of the name of Cook and to announce that small boats are put- tintr riff fnr cV.n rru i n.

ting off for shore. i on board; which they ventured to a sweet potato, a sure sign tnai they had some idea of bartering, or do without the least diffidence; at least of returning one present for jthey appeared to be much delight-another. cd and took a fancy to several They had nothing else fai their things that they saw, and were go-eanoes except some large gourd ing very leisurely without any shells and a kind of fishing net, but scrupie or hesitation to carry them into their canoes: and seemed COOK IIS TOLD TO I0TE TIDES, PRODUCE, PEOPLE The first gathering will be at hP It deterred him from making an attempt to land on these shores. Cook came along 127 years Iftfr and paved the way for the foundation of New Zealand as a British colony an event, however, which did not come to pass until 70 years later. Sought for Horizons "It was my ambition." said Captain Cook in afterward recounting hi experiences, "to go further than any other man had gone." This he did when in 1769 he "rediscovered Tasman." It was on October 8 of that year that in his sturdy little vessel, the Endeavor, he made his first landing in New Zealand.

This took place near the present site of the prosperous town of Gisborne, on the shores of a bay to which the. famous navigator first gave the name of "Endeavor." Disgusted with his hostile reception by the Maoris and the poverty-stricken appearance of the beach in those times, he changed the name to "Poverty Bay." The bay and the district surrounding it still bears that name, but it is belied by a wide area of rjch, fertile pastures and some of the finest herds of cattle and flocks cf sheep to be found in any part of the world. Land Is Sighted It was Cook's cabin-boy, Nick, who first sighted land and the bay on October 6, two days- before the landing. The white cliffs that stand high and clear above the water caught the boy's attention. Cook named the promontory Nick's Head, and by this name it is still known.

Although there have been many vast changes in the landscape in the last 160 years, Nick's Head has changed but little, if at all, since that historic day when the cabin boy descried it from afar, thus marking the opening of a new and important chapter in the romance of exploration and colonization in the southern seas. The following reference to the landing of Cook at Poverty Bay is greatly surprised at our preventing it; by taking from them what they had got hold of; which they would not ait till after some persuasion; for they could not believe that we were in earnest but imagined that we would allow them to take what they chose till we convinced them to the contrary, and then they were perfectly satisfied, and behaved in a very agreeable and friendly manner. In their persons and dress they very much resembled the Friendly islanders; and spoke nearly the same language as the Otahei-tans. When they had fully satisfied their curiosity, and were returning to the shore as soon as they had got a little distance from the ship, we perceived them heaving a great Program of Closing Events of Cook Sesquicentennial Celebration The following Is the program of the remaining events cf the Cook sesquicentennial celebration: TONIGHT Official party departs at 8 o'clock on eteamer Waialeale, with British and American warships, for Waimea, Kauai. THURSDAY Ships anchor off Waimea, first landing place of Capt.

James Cook in Hawaiian islands. USS I'ennsylvania perhaps will proceed to Port Allen, the secretary of war and his party traveling thence by auto to Waimea. Dedication in Waimea's park of monument commemorating discovery of islands. Auto tour of Kauai, following which the party will sail for Honolulu. FRIDAY Literary exercises relating to history of Cook's visit to Hawaii, including presentation of a plaque from the Pitman family of Boston, closely related to early-day events in the islands.

Army and Navy Y. M. C. A. gymnasium, 1:30 p.

m. Party sails for Keala-kekua bay, Hawaii island, 4 o'clock. SATURDAY Ships anchor In Kealakekua bay. International salute, 8 o'clock. Party proceeds to Kaawaloa for decoration of British monument and dedication of submerged plate, marking place where Captain Cook fell under the knives of natives.

Party proceeds to Napoopoo for visit to ancient temple and for big luau. Party departs on scenic auto drive to Kilauea volcano. Night pageant representing welcome of Pele, volcano goddess. SUNDAY Sightseeing. Party sails from Hilo for Honolulu.

MONDAY Enactment at Waikiki of James Wilder's play, "Hawaii 150 Years Ago," in specially constructed Hawaiian village. IUumination of Diamond Head with army searchlights. COOK OFFICII SFIE AUTHORITIES if! ISLAND LORE Ccmmissicn Has Worked Hard To Assure Success of Hawaii Celebration Men who are authorities on Hawaiian history, both ancient and modern, one of whom played an important role in the development of island history, comprise the committee responsible for what is perhaps the most elaborate and picturesque celebrations ever undertaken in the territory the sesquicentennial celebration cf the discovery cf the island group by Capt. James Cook, famous British explorer and navigator. And this committee, appointed in 1927 by Governor Wallace R.

Far-rington after it had been created by the legislature of that year, has surrounded itself with a group of residents, both men and women, who are also authorities cn matters and things Hawaiian on costumes of the ancient days, of methods of warfare, of relations with other nations, of the hula, of island music and a dozen and one other things to which attention has been given in carrying out the details of the cele number of small stones out of the bottom of their canoes into the water, whether they brought them off to act with on the defensive or offensive we could not positively de- Cook made his headquarters and where he was slain. The British monument there wiU be hung with lets, and the Hawaiian flag will be run up. Then, on the very edge cf the beach, dedicatory exercises will be conducted for the tablet of marine bronze wliich lies just below the ripples, into which Captain Cook fell face downward under the knives and spears of his assailants. Services at Temple John C. Lane, president of the Order of Kamehameha, and Sir Joseph Carruthers, Australia's official delegate to the celebration, will be the principal speakers at the exercises.

Services will be held at the ancient temple near where' was buried one of Cook's sailors, and excerpts, from the captain's log-account of the incident will be read. From Kaawaloa the party will travel by small boats across the bay to Napoopoo. where Kcna residents wul provide a luau for a number of guests estimated at 4000. After the luau a long caravan of automobiles will set out throu-zh termins but from every appearance were rather led to believe the? en of them offered for sale the piece of stuff which he wore round his waist, after the manner of the other islands. "These people are of a brown color and though of the common size are stoutly made.

The hair of most of them was cropt short, others had it flowing loose and with a few It was tied in a bunch at the top of the head. In all it seemed to be naturally black, but most of them had it stained, as is the practice in the Friendly islands, with some stuff Trhich gave It a brown or burnt color. In general, they wore their beards. They had no ornaments nor did we observe that their ears were perforated, though In a small degree, and the bits of cloth that they wore were curiously stained with black and white colors. They seemed mild and had no arms of any kind if except some stones which they had evidently brought for their own defense, and these they threw overboard when they found they were not wanted.

Brought Food From Shore "Seeing no signs of any anchoring place. I bore away to leeward along the southeast side at a distance of half a league from shore. As soon as we made sail the canoes left, us, but others came off as we proceeded along the coast, bringing with them roasting pigs and some very fine potatoes, which they exchanged as the others did, for whatever was offered them. We passed several villages, some were feated near the sea and others further up the country. The inhabitants of all these crowded to the shore and collected themselves on elevated places to see the ships.

The land on this side rises In a gentle slope from the sea to the foot of the mountains which occupy the center of the country except at one point near the east end. We saw no wood but what was In the interior of the Island, except a few trees about the villages, near which we could observe several plantations and sugar cane, and Epots which seem to be cultivated Xor roots." Captain Cook then gives the details in sounding for an anchoring place. Wren they passed a point about the middle of the island they 'sounded -0. then 16, and then 5 fathoms over a sandy bottom. The More Than 20 Monuments Raised In Memory of Capt.

James Cook List Shows Memorials of Various Kinds Exist In England, Australia, New Zealand, Tahiti, Hawaii and Other Places In Explorer's Honor given in the account of his voyage. written in 1775: "We anchored on; scenery for Kilauea volcano whprp tnat night, a pageant depicting the the northwest side of a bay before the entrance cf a small river, the 3re sides of which were high, white bration. cliffs." The following list of monuments per plates Is now In the Whitehall to the memory of Capt. James Museum, London. The date of its removal unknown.

Fund Appropriated The territorial Tegislature of 1927, in authorizing the celebration and the creation cf the commission, ap-nronriated $20,000 to cover the ex Captain Cook and a party went ashore, but the demeanor of the Maoris was so unfriendly that three days later Cook left the place in 5. The upper part of this tree Admiralty's Instructions To Noted British Explorer Are Brought To Light The chief object of the voyage to the Pacific which resulted in the discovery of Hawaii was to discover the Northwest Passage from the east, but the British admiralty had other objects in sending forth Capt. James Cook. Here are the admiralty's instructions, taken from Mit-ton's "Peeps at Great Explorers:" "At whatever places you may touch in the course of your voyage, where accurate observations have not already been made, you are very carefully to observe the true situation of such places, both in latitude and variation of the needle; bearings of headlands; height, direction and course of the tides and currents; depths and soundings cf the sea; shoals, rocks, and also to survey, make charts, and take views of such bays, harbors and different parts of the coast, and to make such notes thereon as may be useful either to navigation or commerce. "You are also carefully to observe the nature of the soil, and the produce thereof; the animals and fowls that inhabit or frequent it; the fishes that are to be found in the rivers on the coast, and in what plenty; and in the case that there are any peculiar to such places, to describe them as minutely and to make as accurate drawings cf them as you can; and If you find any metals, minerals or valuable stones, or any extraneous fossils, you are to bring home specimens of each; as also the seeds of such trees, shrubs, plants, fruits and grains peculiar to those places as you may be able to collect, and to transmit them to our secretary.

"You are likewise to examine the genius, temper and disposition a-d number of the natives and inhabitants, where you may find any and to endeavor by all proper means to cultivate a friendship with them inviting them to traffic and showing them every kind of civility and regard." HAWAII'S DARK AGE Until after the middle of the eighteenth century the Hawaiian islands remained unknown to the civilized world of Europe, America and Asia. There are some reasons for supposing that a few Spanish or Dutch sailors may have landed on Hawaii at some time in the sixteenth century or about the beginning of the seventeenth century, but if such a landing took place it did not result in bringing the islands to the knowledge of the out- was cut off and taken to England by the Imogene. (See Wilkes Exploring Expedition.) This portion penses cf the event. It also passed cusgust, ce ine p.ace, as wi th inanr. of aa parting and lasting gift, the name disgust, bestowing on the place, as sc designed 50ent coin in, of "Poverty Bay." He said it commemoration cf the occasion.

not afford him "a single article except a little wood." At various welcome of Madame Pele to the excursion will be given. The night will be spent at the olcano House, and the following day wad be spent in a sightseeing tour arranged to bnng the party to HUo in time to board the Haieakaia for Honolulu at 4 o'clock. To Witness Flay Arriving early Monday, the party will await the presentation that night at Hamohamo, Waikiki, cf the play "Hawaii 150 Years Ago." written by James (Kimo) Wilder. Diamond Head will be illuminated with searchlights, and the play, given with a cast of mere than 150 persons precisely costumed, v.ill reproduce Captain Cock's arrival at Waimea the routine life in a grass hut village, the startling boom of the haole's guns offshore, the appearance of the column in the village, the exchange cf gifts, the program of entertainment provided by the queen for her strange guests, and times there have been suggestions that "Poverty Bay" should be dis former. A boat was sent on shore from each ship with a lieutenant to purchase provisions when Immediately they came near the beach the natives surrounded them In great numbers, upon which, they did not think it prudent to land but remained in the boats the natives soon began to be very troublesome and even attempted to haul the boat on shore which obliged the officers to fire at them by which one cf them was killed, the report of the musket together with the fire and smoke, and the execution it did, being what they had never seen before and a mystery, they could form not the least conception of terrified them so much, that they all quitted the boats instantly and went away carrying the dead body off with them and making great lamentations; the boats did not attempt to land after this, but returned cn board the next morning Captain Cook went on shore himself with four or five boats well armed to purchase provisions and bring off water he had no sooner landed but a number of the natives came and prostrated themselves before him In the most submissive manner imaginable.

The reason of this he was unacquainted with as he had not been informed that one of them had been killed the day before; they brought plenty of provisions down to the beach consisting of hogs, fowls, breadfruit, plantains, eddy root, sweet potatoes, and sugar cane, in great quantities; which we purchased with hatchets, nails, beads, etc, red feathers, being no article of trade here; they having got great plenty of them 'tis rather surprising that there are no coconuts here, which are found In all the other Islands. The natives came off to the ship again, and brought with them the productions of the island which we purchased alongside. There is a large revulit of excellent water here but the great surf that runs upon the beach renders the watering rather difficult, however, each ship got off three or four boat loads. After we had been here three carded and that a new name be chosen, but they have not borne fruit. The name has stuck as closely as the name "New Zealand" itself has stuck.

cf the tree is now in Greenwich hospital, Greenwich. This tree stood near the tpot where Cook felL 6. An obelisk of concrete of about nine meters in height was erected on November 11, 1874, at Kaawaloa where Cook was killed. This was replaced by a more substantial monument in 1877 by British people residing in the Hawaiian islands, on land deeded to the British government by the late Princess Like-like, the wife of Governor A. Cleg-horn.

7. About a mUe from the Cook Cook, discoverer of Hawaii, has been prepared for this edition by Henry B. Restarick, of the Hawaiian Historical association: 1. Sir. Hugh Pelliser erected a monument to the memory of Captain James Cook, R.

N. on his property at de Vache park. Buck-mghamshire. This monument car-rise' four inscriptions at the four cardinal points. That on the north side commences with these words: "To the memory of Captain James Cook, the able and most renowned navigator this, or any country, hath produced.

2. On the northern wall of St. Andrew's church, Cambridge, near the altar, there is a tablet erected to Captain Cook by his widow. This tablet has also the names and the date of death of their six children. After her death the widow's name was added.

3. The village of Marton, Yorkshire, has "Captain Cock's Memorial School," and on its wall Is an oil painting of the great navigator. Ten thousand of the latter were issued by the United States mint. The postoffice department also caused a large number of two and five-cent stamps to be surcharged in commemoration of the event. With plans for the observation well under way, Congress authorized President Calvin Coolidge to invite the governments of Great Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand to participate in the celebration.

The members of the sesquicenten-(Continued on Page 5) Monument Marks Spot A high and imposing monument last soundincs were about a mile marks the spot at which, accorcinv to accounts, Cook made his lancing. At the base of the monument is a portion of one of the Endeavor's old guns. It is much rust-eaten and worn, but the touch-hole may tne departure 01 tne natives to visit the ships, which they called "float still be discerned. I AN APPRECIATION ing islands. It is to be one cf the most elaborate pageants ever presented in the islands.

In presenting this illustrated fea monument at Kaawaloa, cn a hill, Lord Byron, commander of the Blonde, erected a crude monument in the heiau where the- flesh was taken from the bones of Captain Cook, as was the custom with the bodies of chiefs. A small copper plate was placed under it by the Hawaiian Historical society in 1928. 8. In 1870 a monument was erected on the spot where Cook from the shore. Night now put a stop to further researches." The next morning (January 20.

1778), we stood in for the land, end were met with several canoes filled with people, some of whom toci courage and ventured aboard. "In the course of my several voyages I never before met with the natives of any place so much astonished as these people were upon entering a ship. Their eyes were continually flying from object to object, the wildness of their looks and gestures fully expressing their entire ignorance about everything they saw, and strongly marking to us that, till now. they had never been visited by Europeans, nor been acquainted with any of our commodities, except iron, which, however it ture section dealing with the Cook sesquicentennial celebration. The Star-Bulletin expresses special ap preciation for the cooperation of members of the sesquicentennial commission.

In particular. Bishop Cook paid no fewer than five visits to New Zealand. He was first her? from October 8, 1769, to March 31, 1770; his second visit was from March 25 to June 7. 1773; his third from October 21 to November 26. 1773; his fourth from October 19 to November 10, 1774, and his fifth from February 12 to February 25, 1777.

In the course cf these visits he laid down a chart which was not improved upon until 70 or 80 years later, and the admiralty surveys then carried out demonstrated a re" Continued cn Page 8 H. B. Restarick. who is also presi 4. One hundred meters from where the present monument is located ct Kaawaloa.

Kealakekua bay. there w-as in 1863 the stump of a coconut tree which had upon it- four copper plates bearing inscriptions telling of visits by the officers of ships "as follows: Imo-gene, 1837: Sparrowhawk, 1837; K. C. PILGRIMAGE (By The Associated Press) DUBLIN. In August 250 members of the San Francisco Knights of St.

Columbus are to visit Ireland. This is the first branch of the order to include Ireland in a tour, and next year it will be followed by a visit from another San Francisco branch. This year's party will land at Belfast and be received la Dublin by President Cosgrave. dent of the Hawaiian Historical commission, has contributed a num ber of articles and aided in secur landed near Sydney. 9.

On February 25. 1879, a statue to Cook was set apart in Hyde park, Sydney. 10. On the Mall In London a monument to Cook was in 1900. This was the result of (Continued on Page 5J.

ing ethers; and Albert P. Taylor, was plain, they had only neard or. librarian of the public archives, has obligingly assisted on a number of side World. Prom "A Historv of Cormorant, 1839; and Carrysford, or had known it In some small lor, four days, the wind came on to points of Information, by Ralph S. Kuykendall, 184S, This etump.

with the cop Continued on Pass lljy Continued, on Page 1I,.