San Francisco Chronicle from San Francisco, California • Page 12

mMMmjammm g3f RQISGd CHEQOTtOCE TpmA3 Bm 3 392 I I I Iff ft If II iRlill BtOOK EtacIjsHos0oto i JPeuds Blots on a Great States History Hundreds of Liycs Baerlficed The End Believed to Hre Seen Beached Correspondence of the Chbowicxs The land glory of the Kentucky feud has departed The 1m echoes of the old quarrels are dying away la the haunts ot the inrrirori and new order ot things has come in Eastern Kentucky so1 long scourged by these bloody and brntl Vendettas The creek of the Winchester Is still heard and fights continue more numerous than prayer meetings There may be occasional outbreaks for years to come but the day of the full grown feud has vanished The unsympathetic law and the uncongenial tonch of civilization with its railroads end its land syndicates and its town builders hare dispelled the old conditions that nurtured the fend The old leaders are dead or in prison or living in peace Craig Tolliver is dead Boone Logan and the Youngs are practicing law And ohnson is a capit aiist The Yellow Cree Iters bare become land speculators or gone West Wils Jennings and the Hatfields are in the penitentiary Joe Eversole has been killed A saw iog dispatched Jerry Little General Bowders is a quiet clti ren and his old enemy Alvis Tomer is slain Wils Howard and Joe Henderson are awaiting trial Talt Hall baj been sentenced to death and Folton French is living quietly at Winchester looking after the several hundred indictments against his old retainers The law has laid its bands on the fend and these names once famous the country over for deeds of blood are now almost forgotten Ten years ago Governor Knott treated the feudsmen of Rowan county as belig erent nations and Invited the leaders down to Louisville to make a treaty of peace under his benign anspices To day ibe most powerful leader in any mountain quarrel is held to answer before the CI rt county Circuit Court for his crimes like any other ordinary law breaker The comraac represents the changed attitude of the people toward the leud There have been almost innumerable feuds in Kentucky but those which lasted longest involved toe greatest number ot people and claimed most victims becoming remarkable aa anomalous outbreaks of crime for this period of civilization were eight in number They were the Turner Sizemore feud in Knott county the rong and the Little fends in Breathitt county tne Msrtin Tolliver war in Bowan county the Turner 8owders feud in Bell county the Turner Howard quarrel in Harlan county the Hatfieid McCoy fend on the West Virginia border in Pike county and the French Eversole war in Perry county ITEESECIHK WARS There was no foolishness about any of these a ft sirs They were not the simple primitive forays of Bitter Creek Terrors They were regular wars involving altogether many fcftindredsof men and with a death roll counting well np into the hundreds They terrorized entire counties put a stop to all business but that of killing drove scores of people permanently from their homes held the civil power at bay and required frequent calls upon the military strength of the State in orjder that courts might be hed at all They have cost the State several hundred thousands oi dollars and bave put an almost ineffaceable blot upon its reputation When the lawless spirit in the Kentucky mountains had its beginning and how wouldbe difficult to ssy Thousands of square miles of mountain region witn no settlements larger than mere hamlets with the nearest railroad sometimes more than a hundred miles away with almost no communication with the outside world and with a population shut in by rugzed mountains to its own devices offered a favorable soil for the germination of petty quarrels which soon grew into ugly feuds Large family connections are the rule in the mountains where the boys and girls marry their teens and when a feuds man called his clan to battle they started up like the men of Rhoderiek Dbu from erery bush and stump There were no ceres of business to distract attention from the quarrels Most of the people are fjimers who need to work but little on their hilly patches to raise the little they require leaving them abandant leisure for the serious business of fighting Feuds probably existed belore the war but we have heard little of them if they did The frmillarity with scenes of bloodshed which many thousand mountaineers acquired while serving against the rebellion tor the section was overwhelmingly Union in sentiment doubtless had much to do witn the subsequent fuller development of the feud into something uniaue in its line Ther made eood sol diers but they didnt know when to quit fighting From sire to son the passion tor tumult ana oiooasnea nis been transmitted and some of the most dangerous outlaws in the mountains have been boys nnder 20 while most of the leaders in the greatest of the feuds have been under SO years ot age TBI TUB5E3 SIZEM08X AFFAIR The Turner Sizemore quarrel began about 1875 in Knott county and spread itselt over Floyd arid Letcher Its exact cause is not known that always depends on which side of the case your informant belongs for there are few non partisans in any region where a healthy feud is in progress and an unbiased story of it is not to be obtained Old Jeff Turner gave a Christmas dinner at bis house on Beaver creek in 1875 to which a number bf bis neighbors were invited The festivities closed with a fight and the banquet hall was converted into a slaughter pen with the host and Bud Sizemore lying dead and eight or ten others badly wounded That started ibe war Old Talt Hall joined the Siteraores as did his aon and namesake The younger Hall speedily developed into the champion outlaw of the region As a bloody terror he probably never had an equal anywhere After several murders had been credited to him he disappeared and since that time has operated in Tennesse West Virginia and elsewhere with such success that he himself confesses to nineteen murders and has several others charged up to him He wss caught a few inapths ago for a murder committed in Tennessee and is now nnder sentence of death The fend has about worn itself out though something like a hundred men bit the dust before that end was achieved One of the men who figured prominently in Knott county during this stormr period was Clabe Jones now jailer of the county a man of iron nerve and a gentleman witn a record of his own in the killing line usually In the interest of law and order Tbereare something like twenty notches on his suck xewoi tne participants In the Knott COUntV trouble were ever nun iseed and some of them still figure as oat laws tat BTBIII IS SLOODT BMATHlTt Breathitt county had two seasons of feudal war xne Btrong Arney trouble occurred soon alter tne war ana the world heard little of It Jlost ot the Arnejs vera killed bat Cantain Strong is still olive and is one of the best citizens of Breathitt county having liTsd to see the county opened to the world by a railroad andtoseoall feufisbinished The trouble In which the famous Jerry tittfe figured about 1873 There were several bloody outbreakavand ia 1874 the State militia bad to be sent to the county to help hold court In the winter 081878 79 the old quarrel broke out again the County Judge being one tf the tjc Urns this time and once more the soldiers hadto be called nv Many of the partlcfc pants in these affrays are still living Some of them are oromlnentdtiiena andno vestige of the feud now remains in Breathitt county Only two months ago the most famous of them alt Jerry Little was crashed to death under a saw lot He bad joined the Methodist Church several rears before and had ted a ouiet life Lfhe Kentucky Union Railroad now runs into reatnui county sua ae icjiuu rapidly developing TKB WOBST Or alb Tbe Rowan county fud was one of the bloodiest most brutal and most stubborn Unlike most of these fends it flonrished in a county penetrated by a railroad and most of its battles took place within sight of that agent oi civilization Beginning with an election quarrel between two striplings of the Tolliver arid Martin families in 1S84 It raged daring three years oi terror Craig Tolliver a young blue eyed giant led the Tolliver faction The Martins had friends bat lacked leader fhip and were almost exterminated The Youngs were drawn into the quarrel as friends of the Tollivers and the Logans were marked for destruction as friends of the Martins That was Craig Toliivers blunder and led to his overthrow As usual the forms of law assisted rather than hindered the crimes Craig Tolliver had himself elected Town Marshal of Morebead the county seat and was afterward Police Judge His canvass andelection to the latter office show the character of the man He made np his mind to become a candidate the day before the election and at once notified his opponents of tbe fact He also intimated that he wanted the office and intended to bave it Tbe opposition took the bint and withdrew Election day Tolliver took charge of the polls nimseit wnen ne ciosea tne books in the afternoon fifty votes had been cast Toliivers election it is hardly necessary to say was unanimous He could now issue warrants and make arrests at will Crime followed Crime with increasing brutality The county was ot Toliivers mercy Govrnor Knott sent for several of the leaders and a peace conference was held at Louisville A treaty was signed Which was broken oi soon as the warriors returned home Soldiers were sent to guard the court and many of the outlaws were indicted and arrested Cook Humphreys the Sheriff and a leader of the Martin gang resigned his position Under an agreement with the special prosecuting officer A Caruth of Louisville now Congressman Humphreys went to Texas and Craig Tolliver to Missouri and tbe indictments against them were filed away Tolliver returned in about eight months and matters were soon worse thsn ever But in June 1887 Tolliver went the step too far The brutal assassination oi the two young Loeans by a posse serving one of Toliivers trumped up warrants aroused the county and brought deliverance Boone Logan a cousin of the murdered boys and himself an orderly citizen organized secretly a posse of men undercharge of himself and Sheriff Hogg to tnke Craig Tolliver and his gang dead or alive They surrounded tbe town and in the battle that followed which lasted twentv fonr hours Craig Tolliver and several of his gang were shot to denth With Craigs tuneral came peace Only one or two of the Tollivers remained and thev were cowed To day Rowan is an orderly county Boone Logan remained at Mo ehead practicing law until a year ago when he moved to Pineville Young one of the men wanted by the Logan posse is practicing law at Mount Sterling The others are all behaving themselves Tbe depot at Morehead on tbe Chesapeake and 01io Railroad where a portion of Toliivers force was ambushed during that last battle is still a curiosity to travelers Many ballet holes bear witness of the fray THK TELXOW CBEEKEBS OF BELL COTOTT It has only been about three or four yeafs since Alvis Turner one of the leaders of the famous Turner Sowdera feud among tbe Yellow Creefceri of Bell county met with a violent death The leader the opposing faction Sowders isstill living and is now one of the most peaceable citizens of the country around Middlesborough Joe Henderson another big man of the Turner faction after delving the officers and terrorizing the community for several years disappeared before a accumulation of indictments for murder He ws discovered about a year ago at Caldwell ana brought bacfc to Kentucky where he is now awaiting trial for his last murder that of Sylvester Hutchins Henderson had settled down to a peaceable life in Kansas He had married the beautiful daughter of a prosperous farmer and seemed resolved to behave himself His arrest came with a terrible shock to his wife who until then had known nothing of her husbands bloody record Tbe Sowders party was the successful one in this feud Sowders himself was a cool sagacious fellow who planned his battles like a born commander and won the sobriquet of General The feud claimed many a victim before it was ended by the death of Turner and the retreat of the lawless spirit before the encroaching army 01 civilization The thriving city of Middlesborough stands in the heart of the once lawless Yellow creek region and English capitalists bave spent millions ot dollars in the direct development and the indirect reformation of the region Tbe Yellow creeK terrors have become orderly citi zens Several of them sold their lands to the syndicate and became wealth Manv others joined the column of emigrants to Kansas and Missouri unsble to live as snited them under the changed conditions This feud developed the fame of Andy Johnson who has somewhat uninstlv been classed as the worst of the Eastern Kentucky outlaws Johnson became involved in the quarrel through his efforts as Marshal of Pineville to restore order He had to kill several objectors before he carried his point but he carried it John son has yielded like the rest to the new era and is now a prosperous sawmill owner a telephone proprietor and a capitalist at Pineville Though Bell county more than any other ot the feud ridden counties has felt the effect of Entern Kentucky development a little or the old spirit still larks in some of its fastnesses The few oid outlaws who refused to yield tocivilua tion have been re enforced by the tough characters who drifted in with the railroad and brought modern methods to the aid of the primitive mountain variety of murder The little region hear Pineville known as South America stretching over into Tennessee still harbors a gang of cutthroats and ruffians the most notorious of whom Berry Turner was arrested a few days ago in Tennessee Turner and the Partons have been giving a feeble imitation of the old time feudf but he was more strictly an outlaw without a following though an offshoot of the Yellow Creek gang TBS tCMlB IIOWABD HiaCXnaBSTiHMXO Tbe Turner family which seems to have been particularly addicted to the lend busintjj also figured in the troubles in Harlan count The Howards were on the other side and were the aggressive party jseany every ooay in aarisn county Is named either Howard or Turner so the feud was in no dancer of run ning out or mAterlal and for six years it flourished luxuriantly untD the State took a nana aoout urea year ago ana sen tin militia into the county to hUp the court straighten up nostra The Heroes of this war wMt Will Ttnwil nH Uil himj and drove him 6ui of the cconty He jweat to MtseotirU whicState fie had already been accustomed a retiring atrfntervala t6Jwplenh hiimlitry faud In some mysterious way for his Harlan county operations He was captured there and is fc Jail awaiting trialiforjt Missouri murder His paWUs Jennings is serving a life sentence in the Kentucky penitentiary Relieved of their presence Harlan county is enjoying a period of quiet 1 xitx Hiirittw Jutri coia The HatfiVld McCoy feud was snore the product of West Virginia than of Ken tncky but some of the participants lived on the Kentnexy side of the line and in spiteuf the effort of GovernorTiTilsottiof WestYirginia to reclaimthem for trial were held bv the Kentucky authorities Pike county was hot good ground for a fend a tact over which three 01 the Uatheiai are brooding while serving iifejentences at Frankfort Another of the gang died in jait before trial The McCoys were almost exterminated and as the Hatfields are out of the way there is something like peace oh the waters of Tug Folk TBK WAS IS PEBET The latest and most famous oi all the Kentucky fends was that of Perry county Old Joe Eversole merchant and lawyer was the boss of Perry county up to 1886 The TSversole family held all the offices and all the trade worth having and when young French came over from Breathitt in 15S6 and from teaching school began to set himself np ss a business and political rival of the Eversoles that haughty clan resented bis impertinence in the usual mountain fashion But French had brains and money on his side A ructy deal as agent for a mineral land syndicate made bitn a wealthy man for the mountains and he made up for his want of blood relatives by hiring assassins at 1 50 a daV and supplying them with Winchesters Old Joe Eversole was killed and nearly thirty other members of the gang went down before the superior generalship of the French factioa The Eversoles had been about all scattered or exterminated when the State took a band A Grand Jury guarded by troops found nearly 100 indictments against members of the tactions and the troops helped to make the arrests The whole gang Was taken to Winchester for trial and the eases have been dragging along there for several years with no convictions Freneh himself under several indictments has taken up his residence at Winchester to practice law There is little chance of convicting him for any oi the crimes committed by his gang There is still bad blood between the survivors but tbey ut cowed at last by the grasp of the law a iraw Bxaixs A law passed about two years ago giving the Commonwealth a change of venue in criminal cases has made it possible hereafter to investigate and punish these mountain crimes in conn ties re moved from the local influences which iormerly through fear and corruption paralyzed justice Under the old arrangement tbe leuas so neany nroiTea every ooay in a county that po one could be lound to take the initiative in enforcing the law even judges being implicated while the offices oi bnenn ana janer ana lown Marshal were conceded as points of vantage to the leaders of factions Coroners were not tolerated at all An unmerited atmosphere of romance has been thrown about these feuds by fanciful writers The plain truth that they were remarkable only for brutality Most of the killing was done from ambush All sorts of treachery was practiced Open lights rarely occurred unless one side had big odds and the other side couldnt get away Human life simply bad ho value and there were hundreds of men in the mountains ready to accept employment as retainers tor any man who was able to pay them for committing murder and to put up money to protect them afterward Recently in a trial of a murder case brouelK to the Federal Court from that region to this city a ruffiinly mountaineer stated on the witness stand that a man hsd offered him 150 to kilt an enimy for him The witness haggled over the price the pro posed rktim was an important character he said and he thought the job ought to be worth 25a But the old conditions are fast passing away in the mountains The light of civilization is leaving iewer dark corners lor lurking feuds Railroads run through Bell Breathitt and Rowan counties Tbe mineral land syndicate has invaded every mountain nook There are newspapers iu Breathitt and Harlan and three of them in Bfl The sale of whisky is far bidden by vote of the people themselves in most ot the counties where feuds raged The law is more respected Breathitt and Rowan are especially peaceable and the embers of the feud are dying elsewhere The trade of murder is unprofitable since the chances of being called to account have so multiplied Mountain rows that would be given little attention if occurring elsewhere are still written up in flaming style as feuds bat in truth the day of the genuine Kentucky feud is gone There are outlaws and murderous quarrels but there is little brospsct of any more long sustained feuds Louisvillb Ky March 28 1892 Pltffeair6n One of thQiJIost YaluaWd of Keen Marksmanahin and Great Pereeveranee Necessary for Success Correspondence of the Cxaowicua It is fact riot generally known even among the residents of the State of Washington that off the coast along the edge of the Pacific ocean and almost in the shadow of the majestic Olympic range fSf Vim from Point QranvGU touth tturming te beach wAere the tea Mtr it found of mountains is found in numbers now rivaling the product of the Aleutian islands the much prized sea otter an an imal which furnishes the most expensive fur known to the commercial world The sea otter fur require no dyeing to fit it for use like the seal fat and in its natural state is worth ten or twenty times the figure that the sealskin sells for It Is not usually made into cloaks or sacks because too heavy as well as too expensive to suit the tastes of many and it is so rare that the fur is not often seen except Very often a huhler remains Out Ate 6r sixdays without result It is not however the Tndl aaa who ae frore the most aea otters for there are net many natives left and tho pursuit is a hazardous one It is the white hunter or Bostoa marjras the tlndians calf him who has devised a wsy ot getting the coveted forrwithout risking his life in a canoe at sea Along this stretch of beach from Grays harbor to Point Granville are seven or eight three legged towers that loot from a distance like huge skeleton pile drivers with a rnde box at the top of each These towers are called sea otter derricks and they are erected as far out toward tbe breakers as practicable without danger of being washed nway The beach issmootb and so nearly level that at a distance of 1000 feet from shore the water is only two or thieefeet deep From the tops of these derricks the hunters pick off the wary sea otter and it is not an unusual thins for one to shoot and kill his game at a distance of 1000 yards But thqugn these hunters are excellent riflemen and their we lpons are the very best they may shoot a hundred times without killing a single sea otter so that in addition to being good shots they must possess ua usual patience In spile of the apparent lack of liveliness in the pursuit the sport is a most attractive one and the hunter who once gets into it seldom abandons it In the locality that I have mentioned these tie nicks forming a conspicuous feature of the coast scenery are scattered from two to four miles apart Two ot these lookouts have been up a long time One is built in the tops of two tall trees On the bank and the other is on a rock some distance out the little cabin ion top being reached by a rude ladder built of short pieces of driftwuod tied together Severe storms blow the derricks on the and down every winter but tbey are easily rebuilt as there are creat Quanti ties of driftwood handy and no lack of standing timoer witnin a lew roas oi tne breakers Usually two hunters build a derrick together end share in its use These derricks are forty feet high and at the Dase are twenty four feet wide On one of the poles a rude ladder is built and the three poles are braced together by cross pieces nailed dti at different points Upon the top or at the apex is built a box nearly ss high as a man head oben at the top and partially open on the side toward the sea Tbe ends of the poles are sawed off and a board is nailed on top making a seat for the hunter who sits in this wind protected coop and with his rifle resting on the edge of the box in front of him waits and watches for the game He soon learns the habits of the sea otter and can tell by tne wind and tbe tide and tbe currents where to look for the first appearance of the stubby little head Above the water ot one sea otter in a dozen sinks when it is killed by a bullet and the next flood tide throws the carcass on the beach When a number of hunters are shooting esch one marks his bullets so that the war were TVila Howard and Wils Jennings and operations were conducted on a big seals Wils Howard lived in the hills surrounded by a band of followers He amused himself bv occasionally besieging Harlan Courthouse and had reduced the entire county to a state of subjection when County Judge iLewis Wr united aa army declared war against BTEKL KENCE POSTS A Recent Device Which Promises to Become Very Popular Steel is now being used in the manufacture of fenco posts This is an ianbva tion on tbe old cedar method and prom ises to meet with extended use One of the latest devices in this direction consists of a thin plate of steel made in conical chape being smaller at the top than at tbe bottom and encircled with malleable iron barbs prepared for attaching wire or other descriptions oi lencing is seven inches wide and seven feet long with an ooen slot extending the entire length Tbe top is held in place by ao ornamental cap The post is designed to be driven into the ground thus obviating tbe necessity of dinting holes For this purpose a driv ing machine has been designed hich isJ so arranged that it can be set at any angle the post being always in a vertical position when driven into the ground One man and a horse are required to operate a machine which can do the work oi ten men in the same given time These posts before being used are treated to a bath in a solution heated by electricity and a coating put on them to prevent the sctionof either sslt or alkalies The cost of maintenance is small and protection from fire assured American ijznuac turer Life Among the Lowly imMmi ffief ilfeaftle riocess Two ilpe35 jnget Sojind Held In Kindly EemeWbniSe iBefi cause dfeiriFrjfendsUijKior Correspondence the Casosrxcua Thirty six yeiars ago CefatUefor whom the city of Seattle ls named iiyed across the inlet so history tells us oh liFifelSl5 Chkf Seattle Ell OTTSa HUKTXKS C1BTM Olf IHB 0CX 0T7 rODti flBASVILLa as trimmings for garments made of sealskin The main source of supply for sea otter skins has always been away up in the Aleutian islands nearly to the coast of Siberia A few years ago as many as 7000 were taken in a single season but the catch of the season just closed in that region has only amounted to a mere hand ful so ruthless and systematic has been the destruction When that field is exhausted the only one of any extent remaining will be this little bay on the coast of Washington where for many years the industry of taking skins has furbished employment to a number of MpB Sea otter derrick ifiiSffl Lucretta on the right He said you was a chump and a deceiver an that you never intendedto marry me Make him swoller his words Jimmy make him ewoller his words isis ii Vressntlnr Arms to a Cat 8ome fiftyyearsagoa Very Ajgb English official died Jn a fortress at a place that is one ot the centers of Brahman itf orthodoxy end at the moment when the news cf is death reached the sepoy guard at the main gate a black cat iroshed out of It The guird presented arms to the cat as a salute to the flying spirit of the powerful Eigfishman and the CoincidenceT took so firm a hold of the locality that ub to few years ago neither exhortation fnorprders could prevent a Hindoo sentry at that gate jrom presenting arms to any catthat passed outfit riight JJothtay Kerist rAfefifl weat herb eaten hunters It is hot a little remarkable in this connection that on all tbe western coast line of theTJnited States the only places that the sea otter has sur vived the deadly persecution of the hunter are along the stretch of the Pacific beach between the mouth of Grays harbor and Point Granville a distance of about thirty five miles and on tbe islands off the Santa Barbara coast Point Granville with its bold picturesque rocks jutting out into the sea is about midway between Cape Flsttery at the mouth of tbe Straits of San Juan de Fnea which form the northwest boundary oithe United States and the mouth of the Columbia river which marks the line between the States of Washington and Oregon The Pribyloy islands Where most of the seals and the sea otters come from are away up to the northwest neirly3000 miles Ther are so se otters north oi Point Granville to the straits for Thave tramped nearly the whole distance of about seventy five miles along theOasr and have been unable tor secure any account from the scst tering settlers ol the animal having been seen end it is quite certain that none have been shot there South of Grays Harbor nlonir the coast the sea otter is also absent only appearing below Point Oohcepcionv on the Southern California coast As nearly as 1 can discover there are now po sea otters north along tbe British Columbia coast fromihe straits It Is very Interesting fosee the manner in which the highly prized sea otters are secured here on the coast of Washington If it were an easy task to get a sea alter there would ho Ijncer be any of them left In theseiers for they have been hunted nere lorj twenty years by wnite Then and 7 ibundred Jot more by the Indians The Indians hunt the sea btter trvm long heaty canoes ia which they go out throogh the surf and cruis tag along a niiliiorrtWo shoot orapeaif the animal as he lies sleeping fn the water withhly bis iheadiJnrjsight Owing to his extreme wariness It is hard to api proch and difficult to hit the anlmsi atter is found It is bnlyafter long practice that an Indian accustomed as is to the use of a canoe Is able to meet with any success at alh for it takes great skill to shoot or speix a flostlng object in a choppy sea from an uncertain canoe owner may be known when the animal is found The burners hare implicit faith in each other and would not think of taking skins that did not belong to them The Indians going up and down the beach are employed by some of the hunt ers to loos ont tor their expected carcasses If they find the dead animals easily tbey are allowed a small sura enough to psy them well for theif time and labor If for some reason an animal that has been shot fails to come in when or where it is expected snd a whole day has gone by in fruitless search then tbe Indian who finds it is given 10 two days after the Indian get 530 for bringing it in and if a week elapses from the time a hunter shoots a sea otter to the time it is found he gives half its veins to the Indian for he has then nearly despaired of ever seeing it A full grown sea otter Is from four to five feet long and perhaps a foot or more wide When a hunter secures one be loosens the hide from the nose and head and without cutting it lengthwise at all he pulls the skin down over the body the hide being so elastic that tbis is not a difficnltjob It is then stretched over a smooth board six and one half feet long nine inches wide at one end and ten at the other end Each end of this board is tapered to a point Another board exactly the same size is then inserted and the skin is stretched a foot or eighteen inches iongsr than Us original length A third board half tbe length of the others Is wedged in add the skin lightly tacked at the ends to hold it in place If any flesh adheres to the skin it is then cut off and tbe hide is cured and dried in this condition In a few days it is taken off of the boards and turned fur side out when it is reaay tor marset The most valuable far is that of the darkest color A rich nearly jet black iur witn long snver nsirs scatterea through is the most prized of all and such pelts bring the hunter from 15Q to 250 The clear black comes next in value and the brown is the cheapest of all and brings from 75 to 100 These prices do not indicate the true value of the skins for the locality Is a long distance from railways and it Is very difficult and expensive to get freight of any kind from this out of the way beach A Skin that the hunter sells for 153 more than doubles in value by the time it goes through several hands and reaches a good market Mr Mclntyre gives an original theory to account for the sea otters staying here when they have long since disappeared from every other place on the coast lie says that as near as he can ascertain by a close stud of maps and charts it is here that the Pacific dritt current sweepme northward after coining across the Pacific and striking toe coast meets tbe Japan Bsin bridge isle at Point Madison at the great lodge known as the Oid Man House This peculiar nomenclature is explained by the fact that the Indians give to all inanimate objects sex In the Chinook jargon there is no way of expressing tbe difference between inafe and female except by using the prefix old man Or old woman This house being large and strong was thought to resemble a great chief so it was given a name which embodied that idea Chief Seattle was at the head of a tribe which numbered from 600 to 700 His position was owing to the fact that hi father was a prominent brave of the Su quamish tribe while his mother belonged to the Dnwamish This gave him great influence In both tribes and made him a prominent factor among the early settlers He was very kindly disposed toward the men who had braved the dangers of an unknown land and sea to find homes on tbe shores of Puget sound pnd his influence Was invariably used in their favor when there was any trouble between them and the Indlsns He shielded and protected them in many a danger and for this he and his daughter Princess Angel ine who is still living in Seittle have been held alwsys in great esteem by the old settlers He traveled up and down the sound a great deal making his headquarters at the Old Man House but staying often atOlympie It was here that he met Dr Mayuard one ot the first settlers and made him a present of his granddaughter Betsy A few years later she married a dissolute white man who ill treated her I and finally deserted her and child Not long alter me settlement oi oeatuosne committed suicide by hanging Sesttie had two sons handsome fine looking fellows both of whom died of consumption in early lite long oeiore the old chief bade adieu to this world There is an unwritten law among the Indians tbat when one of their number dies his name is not to be spoken aloud for five years should he be a chief and of some importance silence is preserved for ten years Then the embargo is removed and his name given to his son Every time this Jaw is violated and the name of a dead chief spoken the Indians believe be turns in his grave When it was decided to call the new there is a sayfo current among some the tribes ihst the white mais dead hi fore the India Ijfray -This American princess weara red ana veUowdrese snort skirt Uthosr worn by the Boston women on rifnydaja This with awooren shiwl wound closely around her constitutes her entire cos 3 tume She goes about front xnerketit grocery getting alt the sunpties she needs with never sbd marquee Ho pay for no one will take old Angehnes money Her husband who died many years sea waaa half Skagit hairBowichin IndiiV chief of his tribe His name waakabt ft oun Angelinas inaian name wsiS Kick fom lo but ever since Dr lsyKl nerds wile called her Angelina herlfidiitt namehas been lost sight of and she bri known Tnly by bef Ch ristian appellation A flight of rickety stairs leads down trtar the street to the door of the old shack wbicntbe daughter of Chier Seattle cajlj 3 home It is a rouh cabin eight by tsa feet iiwjlh ja joof of split cedar shake Over thelintel is nailed aboraaho i round iiboat the place lie piles of drifH Jl wooo oia oucKets tin cans oroxen crockery a mass ot dsbris which is tne aoeu muis tion of years Similar shacks are 1 huddled xabout so closely that there 4 scarcely passage room between FUth tf anddirtf abound every where ani tie Jtjr iiucuvt i4uuu uau Aitaouiuju The door is ajar and we enter toflad 4 ourselveainoneof the darkest gloomiest most comfortless pliccs imaginable Two bunks covered withfided blankets a few brofcen pieces of crockery and smoky tinv ware are all the boaeehold utensils visibla Raes ana confusion are everywhere Thirs is no window in the hut llaht andsir being gained bj means ot thedoor Hare in thisrnda cabin scarcely twiee the size rfhe grayeln whleh aheVfll 4 real litres Priflcesk Angellhe withtef Ik gTandson JoeMoster a dissolute jjalf 3 breed rsonrher daughter Betsey who I committed suicide Her wants are few and these supplied rnalnly Jjytheoldresii dents Who remember her services to the whites in early days when he fate through the wild forest one night to warn the little settlement against ah impending attftcfcot the Indiahs She understands English quite velTaud 4 can speak it a little if she chooses but she likes best to talk with those Who Speak Chinook whlchounds more like a seriM of spits and splutlera thah articulate I sotirtds She looked pleased and laughed oroadly when she jecognliedfcplioto graph of herself and aaidVregsrdiess of grammar thatrs me There have been 3 several attempts to inveizie old Angeiim away iruur uec uuiue uut 10 do purpose She refuse to go around the world with George Francis Train as a counter advertisement for Seattle When hewas booai ing Tacoma ssying her father would tun oyer In his grave If heradoff with crszy man Evidently turning over Ul their graves is the worst thing that eaa happen to Indians after death Proprietors of dime museums have offered her considerable sums to Uavsl 4 with them but she invariably refujesfa UVitUUUIVl OOJ4UK U9 1TISUI13 tVSlTa and die in Seattle and be buried among her tillicuma friendsy whom she has known all her lile ShaieDjoys Tisitors 4 ana being tnown on as one ot the lions of the city With any one who ca speak her thrilling stories ot esrly days and various incidents of her own ilfevith dramatie force and fervor That the citizens of the cltjr i of Seattle hold her and her father In sentimental regard is shown in xflanywaysrTheir chief on the end bf the ladle Within the bowl which is a clam shell la engraved the face of his daughter Oyer the main entrance of one of the largest and handsomest business blocks in the city are two pedestals upon wich will be placed when the building is completed the graven images of Chief Seattle and the Princess Angeline Liu Srixa 8eatOeliarchl31892 hb wasxs a hkw irurx Angeline AttaotUT current sweeping south The two currents mate a mammoth eddy in which the sea otters are able to swim ngainsttne current all the time without getting but oiwie ieeams grounav ams tneory oi the currents is strengthened by the testimony of mariners who came out of Grays Harbor They sometimes find the current in the ocean going nortiyand at other times in the opposite directions This woulfl indicate that the place of meeting of these big mid ocean streams is near Grays Harbor Still another evidonce of the existence of the eddyithelact that theijeACh between Grays Harbor and Point Granville catches the driftwood of Colifornld and alsoof Alaska one away to the south and the other farto4rtbe horth while singularly enough inore vessels hare been wrecked orr this sandy stretch of beach than onfall the rest of the coast of Washington and Oregon vi i iKtMiPoiiocr lUiTrxx March 13 1802 tx town Seattle the old chief was in great distress for he did not much fancy the prospect ot oeine a perpetual motion ma chine when he Should have depsrted this life He took his whole family and went to Olympia to visit Governor Stearns and make a vigorous protest The Governor had considerable trouble in convincing him that his last sleep would be undis turbed but he succeeded finally and the old chief returned home proud of the honor bestowed upon him in person Seattle was short and heavy weighing about 180 pounds He was round shouldered and by soma it was fancied that he resembled in features Senator Benton ot Missouri His face was refined and benevolent but not particularly strong Be died In 1866 at about the age of 80 He professed to remember VancouTer which might haye been ithe case ashe must have been a boy of from 6 to10years of age whenrjhe great naTi gator yisitea ragei bouou He was neat in dressy wearing a enlrtj pantaloon scoat and often sfbUnket with a high peaked hitoi native manufacture He became a Catholic in faith and his crave is marked by a shaft inscribed with his name the symbols of his faith and a brief word indicating his services to the whites This was raised butafewyeirs since by the citizens of Seattle His name as pronounced by the Indisns was Sealtb Princess Angeline daughter of Chief ftejttieis sun living ana may be seen any tine day bobbline alone the street or rlttine flat upon he pavement in front of tne marset alter tne iashioaror the Indian women in thjs countrr She carries abont her none Of the oht ward signs of nobility nopompwn0 pride no trace of power is hersf the beholder sees butut jehtahd wrinkled old woman with a great massoitangiea hair wound about rwltU a bright colored baadanlu She says she thinks she is abotit fiO vr of ag and TrMayhard can jemetnber wnen sne was a young and hindsome widow Were it not forier niercins black eyes wnichsnap with asmnca fir a if she were but 16onemight easily1 imagine from her lent frame and perchmenl liks face that she had been born with the tury Slios shorkr atatnre broad uuiuuBiDu Kuuwmiaj uaii aouoied overt her face ts square set in airame of frowsy black hair wih few threads ct grayIniU isisuuiu seiaom grow gray and at pne the Deadly SCTecta Oevera ment Cucumber Seeds Secretary Bulk is thinking seriously cf estsbllshlnsr a matrimonial bureau con nection with the Agricultural Depart The idea wss suggested by a letter he recently received from a man out West who experimented with some of the cucumber seeds sent to him by the depart ment at tue instance or nis Represents tire in Congress It appears that the farmer planted the cucumber seeds and hiswife afterward died front eating some of the cucumbers Tne farmer in his letter to Secretary Busk said Tour blamed cucumbers robbed me of wife so instead of sand ing me cucumber seed this spring send me another wife I bear there are a number of likelv women in vonr denartment fe in reply secretary husk said nenaa nor appropriation irom wnicn ne coma araw money to send a wife to the widower but suggested thVtthe latter com to Washington and pick out one for himself The Secretary informed his correspondent that he has in the department some beautiful maidens many sprightly widows and several well seasoned old maids Watkington Corr Philadelphia RtconL THE paSClOPj XSMOSSWU Its Xew Applloatlon for the Benntagef 3 OtheeMtalst One of the new applications of alumlnuia is to the refining or thermeUls by the 3 addition of small quantities of the first-named element says an author in an En lish contemporary It has thus been rea dered possible to obtain castironr pieces ot reJy superiorqaaiity By tne addition of alnmlnum the finely divided masses of oxide of iron present in the fluid iron 3 wmen uniavoraDiy xnnaenca tne soiia ity of the casting are reduced the very light alumina slag is rirenLupYg ward in the molten metal and floats a nponi the jurfacev In Tiew ot thel removal of the oxide of Iron the casting a will result of a inore compact nature from the fact tbat the carbon containedlnthe iron has no oppoTtunlty br Uniting with the Oxygen ol the oxide of lron bf form ihg carbonic acldTe siculesof the gss of Jt which are lelt benind in the iron lesving cavities Copper castings iSrealso xe fined in this manners The addition a alnmlnum when smeltins down old brass and other metsllio scrap is recommended In this case an admixxure oione to nre parts olalnminum to 1000 parts of the other metal is hecessaryt Carrier i i tine Dependent George Ethet Dosajf esj pspi Georgcatft olefirtubt ifeuld withouv mer OiM aWeth Chxlstenlog jt SUaei iTJfC Creeds the discoverer if Creeds rt iihftm tfiocamois named is a I AMatAr fa Tin oft the edae of the fv jsr cr zrz canyon no nriu Kvv yellowish green phyry Chloride of iti the HrfnafOseerJ heexclaimedi and froni ihis ithe Holy iIo Wihf was named Other mines were vaiscovj eredik rapid succession arid in the fat 1890 a miners meeungnameu sa iy kine Solomon Mining Districu i ivt VViuXXJkMqt gtgj4ijajljai8BBa.