The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 2

THE GUARDIAN Saturday October 23 1978 OVERSEAS NEWS Cyprus wide Rifts as as ever about Rhodesia pact From JAMES MacMANUS Geneva, October 22 chair the Rhodesia conference, leaving the Palais des Nations the conference room yesterday after inspecting Shah is megalomaniac, says CIA assessment From our own Correspondent Nkomo is a member of ZIP A liy PATRICK KEATLEY, Diplomatic Correspondent Mr Joshua Nkomo, stopping in London on his way to Geneva, said for the first time vesterday that he is "part of the Zimbabwe Peoples Army" and that he was one of its founders when the various guerrilla groups came together to form ZIPA, more than a year ago. This is the first time Mr lias chosen to state this, although he had discussed his confidential connection With ZIPA with many people at various times in the past year. tic liirl alcn fcpnt. pnnfiriential his shopping mission to Moscow, where it is assumed he was seeking military material, as well as other sorts of diplomatic support, for his movement and for the army of 6.000 Mozambique. His reticence up to now js explained by the emergency regulations in Rhodesia, which make it an offence for any black Rhodesian to admit his membership in ZIPA, or a direct connsction with the guerrillas in the bush.

Mr Nkomo spent more than 10 years in detention camps, and "knew he would face the prospect of an indefinite return behind barbed wire if he had revealed his connections with the freedom fighters. He decided to do so now during his stopover in London, because he tvnsiders that the political situation in his country has now entered a new phase. All the same, as he well knows, Mr Smith's regime has the power, and the police, to put him into detention because of his ZIPA connections, as soon as he steps off the plane on his return to Salisbury. On the elusive question of the political leadership in the Nationalist movement, which has the authority to speak for the ZIPA forces, Mr Nkomo said this far as I am concerned, the other leader is Mr Robert Mugabe. At the Geneva conference, the two of us will represent ZIPA.

We are in agreement on these matters our strategy, our whole approach everything is coordinated." On the conditions for convening the Geneva talks, Mr Nkomo said he and his delega- Hon remained convinced that the British Government cannot seriously persist in its role as an umpire. The CIA has made an unflattering assessment of the Shah of Iran, which reflects distinct doubts about the wisdom of supplying him with the huge volume of arms he is buying from the United States. This coincides with the view expressed by the controversial chairman, of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General George Brown, who was reported this week as saying the Shah is bent on restoring a Persian empire. But the CIA assessment seems to conflict with the State Department's view that Iran is of such importance to American strategic interests, and so vital to the West's defences, that reservations about the. Shah's ambitions should not be allowed to interfere with arms sales, or close cooperation with that country.

The CIA has made a psychological profile of the Shah an exercise which it performs on most of the world's leading figures which concludes that he is a brilliant, but dangerous, megalomaniac, whose dreams' of glory may exceed his ability to finance them. When his oil revenues run out, in an estimated 20 years, he might use his new military power to seize' neighbouring oil- Britain's chairman of the Geneva conference on Rhodesia, Mr Ivor Richard, held discussions with the Rhodesian Prime Minister, Mr Smith, today, during which both sides are said to have restated their wholly divergent views on the nature of the meeting, which formally opens here next Thursday. Mr Richard emerged from the 80-minute meeting in Geneva's United Nations complex this afternoon to say the talks had been very useful and that ne was hopeful the conference would get under way next week Mr Richard, Britain's Ambassador to the UN, was accompanied, at the meeting by Sir Anthony Duff, deputy undersecretary of state at the Foreign Office. He would not be drawn into details of the apparent differences between Whitehall and Salisbury about the character of the conference, but remained guardedly optimistic during a brief press conference on the outcome of the meeting. Mr Smith, who arrived with his Cabinet Secretary, Mr Jack Gavlard, and the Deputy Prime Minister, Mr David Smith, told journalists after the talks that "the whole thing is over" if there were any attempt to renegotiate the Anglo-American plan for a two-year transition to African majority rule in Rhodesia.

Mr Smith reiterated the line that his Government had been pursuing since he first announced his version of the settlement tenns in Salisbury on September 24. This is that, once the Kissinger package is subject to renegotiation, the whole agreement for majority rule has to be reviewed. The propaganda battle in Geneva has yet to begin in-" earnest since the Nationalist delegation, headed by Mr Nkomo, Bishop Abel Muzorewa, and Robert is not due to arrive in Switzerland until Sunday at the earliest. However, the Rhodesian delegation has already been telling Salisbury journalists of its intense irritation With the British handling of, and attitude to, the Geneva conference. The gist of the Rhodesian complaints seems to centre on all the pamphlets that have been circulating on the Rand in recent weeks, the one warning of trouble this weekend appears the most authentic.

With the Transkei due to become independent on Tuesday, Urban blacks might feel they have an added reason to protest. Several students Were also arrested after an attack on a black policeman's home. The arrests come at a time when students -have 'started to take action against liquor drinkers and shebeen patrons. Following their warning that from today drinking in Soweto should end "for a period of mourning for people killed in the disturbances, students have Pep rally for Mr Ford From HELLA PICK Washington, October 22 Mr Ivor Richard, who will Catholics courted in US From JANE ROSEN New York, October 22 Political legend has it that a candidate- cannot win New York's big Catholic vote unless he appears before the annual Al Smith memorial dinner, a traditional Xoruin for mixing politics with Catholic philanthropy. The dinner was held last night, and both President Ford and Jimmy Carter flew here to address the audience of 2,000 and to be photographed with the host.

Cardinal Cooke. The candidates did not meet each other. Mr Ford appeared for the first course, Mr Carter for desert. Both tried, a little ponderously, to follow the cus-. torn of poking fun at themselves and one another.

Mr Carter, referring to his controversial interview in Play- hoy magazine, declared "If I ever give another interview on the biblical sins of pride and lust, it will be to the reporter from Our Sunday Visitor, the catnolic weekly newspaper. Mr Ford, alluding to his misstatements in his debates with Carter, told the audience that tonight's debate would be Governor Carter is going to answer his questions and I'm going to question my answers," he said. Both condidates also repeated their familiar compaign slogans Mr Ford warning against "big Government" and "big spending," Mr Carter decrying the state of the economy. In addition, Mr Carter, whose born-again Southern Baptist religion is a hidden campaign issue, stressed the need for religious toleration. He compared himself with Al Smith, this country's -first Catholic presidential candidate, who lost the 1928 election to Herbert Hoover because of voter opposition to a Catholic president.

Smith is' now a folk hero. The appearance of the two candidates here underscores their feeling that the race is very close indeed, and that New York, with its substantial electoral vote, could go either way. Originally, the Republicans written off New York, but because Carter has failed to make as much, headway as expected, the Ford organisation has changed its plans and is making a major last-minute effort. In another campaign development, the Ford' organisation has agreed to drop an advertisement which shows the President with a prominent black leader, Vernon Jordan, director of the National Urban League, a black organisation. The adv'er tisement, implying that Mr is supporting the President, had appeared in 21 black weeklies.

Mr Jordan strongly objected and sent the President a telegram, demanding that the advertisement be discontinued on the ground that the Urban League had never endorsed political candidates. From DAVID TONGE spy scandal From JOHN BIERMAN Nicosia, October 22 A spy scandal likely to prove-acutely embarrassing to both the Cyprus and Greek Governments was revealed here today. A Cyprus Foreign Ministry official has been accused of passing highly sensitive documents to a foreign intelligence service and the villains turn out, accordingly to well-in-formed, sources, to be the mainland Greek Central Intelligence Agency (KYP). The Government spokesman here was steadfastly refusing all comment on the affair tonight. The only thing he did have to say was that the foreign agents involved were not American, as was alleged this morning by a Communist newspaper.

This morning the Socialist daily Ta Nea" published what it claimed to be the name of the Foreign Ministry man concerned, one Mikhis Michaelides. and said that he was a cipher clerk. This time it identified the other party as "a foreign secret service." In Cyprus where as elsewhere the CIA is the stock villain, it was widely assumed that the Americans were to blame. Only the Right of-Centre Simerini accused the Greek secret service on the face of it an unlikely suggestion and when the Government spokesman was questioned he declined to comment, apart from assuring newsmen that the Americans were not the culprits. Later, reliable independent sources confirmed that Simerini version and filled in a few details.

A team of four agents from the KYP were involved, they said, without the knowledge of the Greek Ambassador. Mr Michael Dountas a close friend and admirer of Archbishop Makarios who was astounded and outraged when he found it had been going on behind his back. He immediately contacted Athens, and had the KYP team withdrawn presumably the action which the Cyprus Government said it found "fully satisfying." The documents allegedly passed by the cipher clerk to the KYP are said to. be confidential reports on the deadlocked inter-communal negotiations between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots. Zaire notifies deaths From EOD CHAPMAN Geneva, October 22 The World Health Organisation confirmed today that the Zaire Government has finally notified it of some 260 deaths in the country from marburg diseasethe mystery disease reported earlier this month from Sudan.

Unofficial reports had previously put the death toll in Zaire at anything up to 800 The WHO said 259 had died from the disease up to a week ago in the Yambuku'area of Zaire including 57 children-while there were two additional deaths in Bumba and one in Kinshasa involving people who had moved from the affected area to these cities. In the disease, which has been, found in humans and in green monkeys, appears to be on the decline, and no new-deaths have been reported since the Sudanese authorities informed, the WHO 10 days ago that 59 people had died there. The WHO has sent out two epidemiological teams to Zaire and the Sudan to Investigate the infected areas and try to determine how the virus has been transmitted. The disease causes violent bleeding, and has symptoms similar to those of lassa disease and cholera. But it may be another two to three weeks before any results are produced.

Also today, WHO announced that it had identified a new type of hepatitis unrelated to the A and strains currently known. The new strain appears to be the most common form of hepatitis occurring after blood transfusions, and can apparently be caused by traces of one of the existing viruses in the donor's blood. The WHO has urged that more research work be done into the new virus. Meanwhile, the WHO'S latest weekly epidemiological record shows that there only one case of smallpox left in the world, according to the latest figures. The ease is in Somalia, imported from Ethiopa.

Asia was declared small-pox-free provisionally last year, and Africa is the last continent with active smallpox cases. Jews stage new sit-in Moscow, October 22 A group of Soviet Jews, protesting against the refusal to issue emigration visas to Israel, occupied a build ing forthe fifth day today and aemaauea me release ox tour or their leaders arrested last night. He said the Jews up a three-point letter to the Supreme Soviet (Parliament) and the Central Committee, of Police seize pupils and teachers at Soweto From DENIS HERBSTEIN Johannesburg, October 22 Mr Richard's airport arrival statement yesterday, that the conference could well last for several weeks if the meeting cleared a difficult initial seven-to 10-day period after the formal opening. It appears that Mr Smith and his four-man ministerial' delegation, backed by a 30-strong team of officials, are not prepared to remain in Geneva for so long. The Rhodesians have already advanced the view that the conference should be a swift procedural affair to implement the Kissinger plan, and not to negotiate any new terms for a settlement.

A secondary consideration, advanced by Rhodesian sources for their unwillingness to remain long in Geneva, is the high cost of keeping a delegation here. It is still unclear how much of the conference costs Britain will finally underwrite, but it is now known that all delegations will have to find more money for their hotel costs than had been previously expected. Britain is said to have undertaken to pay for only nine senior delegates in each team, and even then only for a maximum cost of 50 a day for each representative. The question of security at the conference is also a potential area for argument, since the UN's Palais des Nations appears to lack even primitive security checks on the many inquisitive visitors who. want a close look at the Rhodesian delegation.

Amid this sad and somewhat squalid start to the conference Mr Smith has assumed the posture of a man who is determined to escape the whole exercise, with maximum amount of blame attributed to his Nationalist opponents. However, reliable diplomatic sources here insist that the negotiating stance of the Rhodesian Prime Minister conceals a far more sensible attitude to the conference than has generally been supposed. This view will not be tested until the Nationalists arrive here on Sunday', and the real bargaining begins the next day in what promises to be a hectic three- days before tne tormai opening of the conference. been stopping people in the streets and smashing their bottles. The reaction of the large numbers of shebeeners could lead to renewed violence this weekend.

Soweto's CID head, Colonel J. P. Visser said the student action could possibly have a beneficial effect on the high crime rate. But if they started attacking people and homes, he said, it will be my duty as a policeman to step in." Hella Pick adds from Washington The United States has definitely decided against diplomatic recognition' of Transkei, the State Department confirmed today. shanties wished to protest about deve- lopments- in Rhodesia, he said, they should do so in their own country, Mr Jaap Marais, deputy leader of the South 'African HNP, asked What is the Gov- eminent scared of 1 We re cer- tainly not going to let this thing rest here.

The price the Government will have to pay in political terms will be very dear." of palaeontology at the University of Helsinki and is a member of the pleistocene research group of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science, praises their work on sediments "which carry an incomparable record of the history of life and man during the earlier part of the pleistocene epoch." After referring to the finds as "certainly, the best prehistoric early i remains," the letter ends No doubt scientific theft has been common in the past let us hope that soon it will be a thing of the past The cave is inPetralona, just south of the northern Greek capital of Salonika, and lay sealed and unknown until villages digging for water- felflnto ft i960. From, the base of a stalagmite broke off human skull, anq. two yreejc processors later carried out wperflclal examination of the site and rouna animal: oones on tne surface. Dr Pntillntifts homti to In-, vestlgate the ftadin 1066, and On this breezy sunny morning, the White House staff and Republican Party workers turned up in festive mood on the south lawns of the White House to give President Ford a pop-rally sendoff as he embarked on the last lap of the presidential campaign. He will not be back at the White House until voting day.

He does not know whether he will return merely to serve out his term of office, or be the victor, confirmed at last in his own right as President. Defiantly today, Mr Ford decided to emphasise his underdog position, telling the cheering crowd that the polls are so close that we have an excellent opportunity to pull out tne political surprise or tne Riot police today surrounded the Morris Isaacson high school in Soweto and arrested 15 teachers and 62 pupils. The school has been one of the strongest centres of resistance since the outbreak of the Afrikaans language rebellion in June. The school's headmaster, Mr L. M.

Mathabathe, has been held under no trial laws for several months. Police said that the arrests were part of a clean-Up campaign aimed at rooting "out potential troublemakers." Two other schools-were also raided. The move appears to be a preemptive strike to ward off possible trouble this weekend. Of of Libya "is absolutely crazy and irresponsible," especially because of his support of Palestinian terrorists. His criticism of the Palestinians themselves was equally sweeping Our good Palestine friends must know that there is a limit to the extent that they can go and bully the world by terrorism and blackmailing." The Shah does not believe the Palestinians any longer have an understanding with President Sadat, let alone King Hussein, or President Assad.

"They should open their eyes and reassess their situation." Questioned about the activities of Iran's secret police, the Shah tried to refute allegations of physical torture, but said that-like "all other countries "Iran has'found intelligent ways of questioning people." He conceded that, his secret agents were in the United States checking up on Iranians, and that he thinks they were doing this with the consent and knowledge of the US Administration. Unfortunately, his American interviewer did not ask the Shah whether Iran's secret agents, working in Britain, were working with the consent of the British authorities. not only the closeness of the race, but that there had been little change since the last poll taken after the foreign policy debate between the two candidates. Gallup now gives Mr. Carter a 47 to 41 per cent edge over Mr Ford, with 2 per cent for Eugene McCarthy and 10 per cent undecided.

The last poll gave Mr Carter a 46 to 42 per cent lead, with a similar percentage of unde-cideds. The failure to reduce the margin of undecided votes as the election date approaches disturbs both candidates more seriously than almost any other factor. It also rattles the professional pollsters, who hesitate to commit themselves to any predictions on the outcome of the election. did not agree, and they used the words "hair-raising" and absurd to describe the Cavtat situation. Last April the Government said it was going to raise the barrels on the ship's deck and pour cement over those still in the hold, or scattered on the seabed at a depth of about 300 feet.

The project was abandoned when they were again convinced that there was no danger. The cargo of tetra-ethyl lead was destined for Britain. out by the Inspectorate of Classical Antiquities, in Salonika and that a specialists' committee would be set up to decide if -and -how research should continue. For Dr Poulianos this was an indication that his discoveries were to be passed into other, jealous hands. But today the Minister said that, from the point of view of the' Government, there was no reason for Poulianos to be afraid.

Of course Archaeological Council has the final word, but the. (usual practice is to prolong-permits, especially when there are so few specialists.in this subject;" He added that his advisers had found the. cave-to be reasonably; satisfactory for storing finds; ad spoke' favourably' of the idea of building a museum on the site. 1 But Poulianos 'I If this, is, so, why do Ufoy still; "want the; keys of the. cave from me?" fields.

Overall the CIA concludes that the Shah is likely to pursue his own aims without regard for US interests and prove to be an uncertain ally. This, so far secret profile emerged in an interview with the Shah which is to be shown on television here on Sunday evening. When confronted with the unflattering CIA analysis, his Imperial Majesty professed to be amused, and rhetorically asked his interviewer, Mike Wallace So you would like me to be your stooge The Shah has never hidden his ambition to make Iran the equal of any Western nation. But he has run into major cash problems, and Iran is now foremost among the oil-producing countries that are pressing for a 10 to 20 per cent increase in the price of oil. In this interview, however, the Shah said blandly that it was news to him that Iran -had money problems, and suggested that anyone whose bills had not been paid should simply write him.

The Shah also used this interview to assert that the Jewish lobby in the United States "is too powerful and doing a disservice to Israel." But he also commented that President Gadafy Mr Ford's first stop was Williamsburg for the weigh-in for the final presidential campaign, which has taken on all the allure of a Muhammad Ali-scale prize fight. From tomorrow, Mr Ford will be criss-crossing the country, concentrating on 14 states where his own' pollsters indicate that the remains uncertain. The populous big eight states, which have an impressive total of electoral college votes, are his chief targets. But the Republican Party strategists now believe the voting may be so close that the second tier states with fewer electoral votes than the big eight, could turn out to be the really decisive ones. A Gallup Poll completed last Tuesday, just released, confirms The Cavtat, and what to do about it, has been under study by various groups, at ministerial and diplomatic levels, for two years.

Last month, the Government granted 19,000 for yet another study, the only result being so far is that a photograph of one of the supposedly broken barrels lying on the seabed shows that it is covered with marine flora and fauna. This led the Minister of the Merchant Navy, Signer Fab-brl, to tell the Senate that there was no danger. The senators cended from one. single species. Professor Kurten visited the cave on October 9 and wrote to the Anthropological Association hereof his "highest opinion" for the scientific work in progress in the cave.

His open letter to Kara-nianlis follows reports that the Greek Ministry of Culture was planning to enforce attempts to take the finds into' its stores. On 'July 10, Dr Poulianos had refused an order to hand them over. When two directors of the Ministry visited Petralona a month later they were greeted with a village demonstration in Poulianos's On the first of this month, he received, a letter, from the of Culture, Constan- Unff 'ttipaniSi a former pro-, feasor at Oxford, sayins that the excavations-would have to1 be limited to this month as 8 supervisor from the Ministry, was rnot 1 He, added that the guarding, of the finds should be carried Demand for action on sea lead From GEORGE ARMSTRONG Rome, October 22 Salisbury's new Sa.isbury, October 22 and were given a warm wel- Poliee nut ud road blocks come in several northern Trans- today to try to- stop more AM- yafl they were cans joining 18,000 squatters in intercepted 15 miles out of Pre- a new black shanty town that Jopa by police. and army units, has sprung up near Salisbury. taken to a local military air- The Government said earlier Port, and later repatriated.

today it intended eventually to Mr Kruger explained At remove the squatter colony, this time, with riots going on which is on white-owned land in the country, the Government barred to Africans, about 10 cannot allow further demonstra- miles south of the capital, tions to take place." People found their way around If the SASCON supporters First European lived in Greece 250,000 years ago The Italian Senate has directed the Government to act immediately "to eliminate- the danger" which is attributed to a Yugoslav freighter, the Cav-tat, which sank 27 months ago off the Cape of Otranto, in the Southern Adriatric; with a cargo of 909 barrels containing 250 tonnes of tetra-ethyl lead. Some marine scientists claim that leakage from the metal barrels would be sufficient to kill all the fish in the Adriatic, and could cause serious harm to fishermen and to swimmers. Athens, October 22 Poulianos himself has now excavated to a depth of 17 feet below the surface of the cave. He says that he has come across 20 different rock layers, and that all have traces of fire and bones of various animals hyenas, lions, rhinoceros, deers, wild cats, and others. The lowest layer, a light-red cemented argile, has just been dated by a Greek re-v search student in Edinburgh, Stavros Papamarinopoulos, as 100,000 years old.

Mr Pou--llanos also describes finding animal hair .500,000 years old, apparently preserved because of the protection of the cave. A paper, he presented at the International Congress of Prehistory in Nice last month-lists the artifacts of stone ami bone which he says have been -found'at all levels. The- aper argued that the cave showed the peopling of Europe tool? place through the Hella- die peninsular, and supports that EuropeoW "man des the road blocks today and new huts were still being built. The authorities are struggling to build' new homes and find better, temporary accommodation fof the: squatters before action is takeri to move them," bu'f'there is a waiting list for African houses- in Salisbury of 14.000. Government sources suggested today the squatters might -have moved in on the strength -of 'promises by Week politicians that they will get nearby', white 'homes when majority African rule'; comes to Dr MJdraoft Chavunduka.

a leadiDfr-'Nationallst, called, this He said real'. 'Cause, the lack of sufficient accommodation in the (African) townships." Dennlsar Herbsteln, in JohannesbjTOj.addsiiA busload of Rhodesian white. Bight-wing extremists, was expelled-' from South-Africa on the orders of the Justice jainlstelr, Jimniy JThe party, members the South- stiti con- A skull and a cave in northern Greece have just become the subject of an international controversy which has revealed a virtually unnoticed breakthrough- in the quest for. the earliest traces of human life in Europe. The cave contains the re-' mains of men.

who lived at least 250,000 years ago, and was apparently inhabited long before. It may thus predate Heidelberg man, until now the earliest known man In Europe. There are indications of the use of fire' in rocks at least 700,000 years old, according to Dr Ari Pou-ilianos, the anthropologist who has been researching the find during the. past 10 years, In an Open letter to the Prime Minister. Mr Kara-' mams, resected.

Finnish nmnanr. prjufesfor charirat that moves ura nfnot tin "i deftrftri the ttmlag jcattonJwhlcn Drlfoulir in 1968 he received an exclusive permit. But he fell foul of the cot onels' director of the late Professor Marinates, who closed, the cave," and it was not" until July 1974 he was allowed to continue his work -at the site Itself. Initially the skull was thought to be of the Neanderthal period that 'is, Jess than 100,000 years old. But a Japanese Professor, Motoji Ikeya, has just completed an electron -spin resonance test on a section of the.

stalagmite 24; inches above the ground which: dates its centre as ..260,000 years bid; Professor Ikeya, is now visiting Athenson his way to take up a research fellowship in Stuttgart, and argues, that the lower sections of the stalagmite could be. at least. 80.000 years, older, indicating a date close.to Pouiianos a in- itlal estimates for. skull. He plans forther tests on other rock samples.

in irifi M.iiiniii.ri 1 1 1 i'ln I ii ii ii of the Communist ft.