The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 39

THE GUARDIAN Friday May 11 1990 PERSONAL 39 Obituary: George Kennedy Young Law Report County Hall freed for general office purposes ir HBm) maim House of Lords by compulsion, he said, if nec Baltic states sending in agents, mainly emigres, by boat governmental use, the degree of demand for general office use and of the desirability of that use, and the policy presumption in favour of permitting a proposed development The Environment Secretary took into account those considerations and noted that the accommodation requirements of the ILEA and other bodies could be met elsewhere and that the evidence of demand for general office use in the locality was slight At the end of the day he decided that any need to retain the main block for the use of the ILEA and other bodies was not sufficiently important to justify refusal of planning permission. That was a view he was entitled to take. If the Court of Appeal was right it followed that the presumption in favour of development could in law only receive effect where other planning considerations for or against a proposed use were evenly balanced. Such a straitjacket could not properly be imposed on the Secretary of State. It must be left to him to form his own judgment as to whether any planning objections were of sufficient importance to overcome the presumption.

In many individual planning applications, for example to build a single house somewhere in the country, there was no question of it being possible to prove a need for the development There might however be some planning objection to it which was not of very great weight In such a situation it must surely be open to the determining authority to decide that the presumption in favour Composer, conductor, and teacher photograph: arieti aiMrbach Obituary: Luigi Nono off dlDsseiD' EORGE Kennedy Young, former deputy Chief of the Secret In- Itelligence Service, MI6, who has died at the age of 79, was a swashbuckling, bu- chanesque, outspoken figure who refused to accept the con vention that former agents do not involve themselves in public political controversy. He voiced increasingly right-wing views, publicly advocating in the 1960s the repatriation, by force if it could not be achieved voluntarily, of all non-white immigrants. He was not noted for his tol erance of hesitant politicians and desk-bound officials in "We should have either bumped Nasser off or negotiated with him," he said recently during a discussion about the Suez crisis. Ana he quoted with approval a report in 1949 from MI6's Tangier station: A flaming pansy, one Guy Burgess, who seems to be in the Foreign Office, has turned up with a boy friend and has been telling all and sundry in the hotel bar how to get round exchange regulations," the FO in London was told. The barman happened to be an MI6 informer.

But the FO's chief personnel officer responded: "I am not prepared to listen to tittle-tattle about members of His Majesty's Foreign Service." Two years later, Burgess fled to Moscow with Donald Maclean. In his early days in the field, Young was an effective intelligence officer, recruiting double agents in east Africa and then, with the help of the Ultra code-breaking successes of the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley, rounding up German agents in Italy. He was also involved in Whitehall's unsuccessful attempt through Monsignor Montini, later Paul VI to enlist the Vatican's support to end the persecutions and exterminations in Nazi-occupied Europe. At the end of the war, he helped to supervise the dismantling of the Abwehr, collecting evidence of its success against British targets (he discovered that most of the pre-war files on Britain collected by the German Army High Command consisted of information culled from British newspapers). He then returned briefly to journalism and was sent to Berlin as correspondent for the British United Press, which he had joined before the war after three years with the Glasgow Herald.

But he was soon offered the post of head of the MI6 station in Vienna. There he set up a network of informers providing details about Soviet troop movements and guesstimates of long-term intentions. He returned to London where he was one of the few to suspect that MI6 operations against the Birthdays Sir Rhodes Boyson, MP for Brent North, 65; Carla Bley, jazz pianist, composer, 52; Beryl Bryden, jazz singer, 70; London Residuary Body Lambeth London Borough are Lord Keith of Kinkel. Lord Brandon of Oakbrook, Lord Templeman, Lord Oli ver of Aylmerton and Lord GoffofChievely May 10 1990 IN planning applications (there is a presumption in favour of granting consent tor tne development proposals, having regard to all material considerations, unless the de velopment would cause demon strable harm to interests of acknowledged importance. The Environment Secretary is not required to apply a competing needs test in deciding a planning application and is entitled to grant permission for general office use despite evidence of a continuing need for the building's existing use as local government offices.

Th facta The appeal concerned planning permission for general non-governmental office use of the main block of County Hall, formerly the seat of the Greater London Council. After the abolition of the GLC, County Hall was vested in the London Residuary Body, who applied to Lambeth for planning permission. Lambeth failed to make a decision within the prescribed time, and the LRB appealed to the Environment Secretary. In October 1987 the Environment Secretary granted conditional planning permission. Mr Justice Simon Brown allowed an appeal on the ground that the Environment Secretary's reasoning was not adequately stated.

The Court of Appeal dismissed the LRB's appeal and held that while the Environment Secretary's reasoning was adequately stated, he had not properly applied the correct test for determining whether planning permission for general office use should be granted. The Court of Appeal held that the correct test was the "competing needs test" whether in planning terms the desirability of preserving the existing use outweighed the merits of the proposed new use. The LRB appealed. The decision Lord Keith said the Court of Appeal fell into an error of law in holding that the competing needs test imposed a binding legal requirement on the Envi ronment secretary. All that sec tion 29(1) of the Town and Country Planning Act 1971 required was that the Secretary of State should have regard to the provisions of the development plan, so far as was material to the application, and to any other material considerations.

The amount of weight to be given to any such material consideration was a matter for the Secretary of State. The provisions of the devel opment plan were not inconsistent with general office develop ment. Other considerations were the degree of desirability of retaining the existing local I Wealth of essary, of non-wmte immi grants. "We have got to get down to studying: without fear or favour the whole question of repatriation, he told a meeting in Birmingham in 1968. "The immigrants came in on vouch ers.

They can go out on vouch ers," he said. "There is no loss of liberty there." He had already made his views clear ten years earlier in MB's secret contribution to a Cabinet study, The Next Decade, ordered by the then prime minister, Harold Macmillan. He was convinced, he said, that "mass immigration of non Europeans into Britain would lead tol the breakdown ot tradi tional common assumptions of conduct With no hope of winning, he accepted an invitation in the February 1974 election to fight the Labour stronghold ot Brent East for the Tories. He was already thoroughly disillusioned with the Conservative leader, Edward Heath, as a result of his 1972 economic policy U-turn and what he regarded as Heath's surrender to the miners and "kow-towing" to Idi Amin. He enthusiastically1 backed Mrs Thatcher's successful challenge to Heath in 1975, helping the late Airey Neave, Thatcher's campaign organiser, in the constituencies.

Young: continued to take a leading part in Tory Action, a right-wing group set up by some of Mrs Thatcher's supporters. In 1976, in a speech on The Enemy Within distributed by Tory Action, he told a meeting of London Conservatives that the security services were investigating the possibility that there had been "a highly placed traitor in Whitehall or Westminster working for the KGB" during the Heath Government This wild claim echoed those made at the time by elements in MI5. It is no coincidence, perhaps, that his name was in cluded in the draft of Peter Wright's Spycatcher but omitted for legal reasons from the final, published version. Young joined Unison, one of the handful of groups, consisting mainly of former generals and admirals, set up to counter what they regarded as an unacceptable degree of civil and industrial strife in the mid-1970s. He many books, including Masters of Indecision (1962) and Subversion (1984), but denied he was a racist saying that his views were based oh a life-long interest in anthropology.

He referred also to his Scottish borderer stock and what he called its strong tradition of dissent and independent thinking. Richard Norton-Taylor George Kennedy Young born April 8, 1911; died May 9, 1990. General, 69; Mort Sahl, comedian, 63; Monty Woodhouse, hellenophile, author, former Conservative MP, 73. Krazy Kat Doonesbury CMes TOUT intn UniuKim familv whose generous jartistic interests he soon came to share, Luigi Nono (whose death was reported here yesterday) began to acknowledge music as a chief interest only in his teens. Indeed, his work as a composer was always deeply rooted within a wider network of cultural and political concerns, as serting often trenchantly values and ways of life alien to those promoted by post-war western Europe.

Nono began to grapple with musical technique while studying law at the University of Padua. Sensing his growing in terest his father secured him an introduction to Malipiero who took the 20-year-old under his wing and, two years later, directed him to Bruno Ma-derna. Maderna, only four years his senior, was already becoming the linchpin to an extraordinarily productive gen eration of post-war Italian composers. From him Nono absorbed a hectic and concentrated musical education. Bypassing the classical reper toire, he immersed himself in the twentieth century's more radical traditions, and in fifteenth and sixteenth polyph ony.

Soon he was accompany ing Maderna to the Darmstadt summer schools where he quickly made his mark, allying himself with aesthetic challenges posed by young post-war serial composers such as Stock-hausen. His final teacher, and a generous promoter of his early compositions, was the conductor Hermann Scherchen. In 1954 he met Schoenberg's daughter Nuria and the next year married her. Nono works during the 1950s bore witness to a general hope for the radical rebirth of political and cultural life in post-fascist Europe. He cele-1 jomie, YouweRB (MRTWRBALL DAY.

H0W5ANPY P01H6 BASKET CASei rated resistance to fascism through settings of Lorca, Pa-vese and, in canto sospeso, the letters of condemned Resistance fighters. His musical style developed a fiercely expressive intensity, responsive in part to his father-in-law's music but also to the physical immediacy of sound that reflected another important influence, Edgar Varese. These preoccupations combined when, in 1960, he began to introduce electronic resources into his music, working in Milan alongside the technician, Marino Zuccheri. His first tape piece was a hommage to the painter Vedova, whose visual "protests" were to match Nono's aural ones, and he also introduced recorded materials into his confrontational theatre piece, Intolleranza 1960, whose performances shared the fate of the title. Thereafter taped noises and voices began to permeate his work, challenging the comfortable seclusion of the concert-hall in a more direct and aggressive manner with such works as La fabbrica illumin-ata (1964), A floresta jovem cheja de vida (1966) and en-tonces comprendid (1970).

Indeed, it was during this period that he sought to escape the class-based environment of the concert-hall altogether, using easily portable, tape-based works to mount concerts in universities and factories. This confrontational period cost Nono many of his more conventional admirers in Germany, and no doubt explained the suspicion with which his work has been treated in this country. It reached its climax in his second, and most elaborate theatre work, Al gran sole carico d'amore (1972-4), conceived around a collage of texts put together by himself and the director of the Taganka Theatre TODAY MSROU6H. rrsMAiuzDiois were controlled by KGB infiltrators. Like the Tangier bar man, he was not "thanked when he was proved right He was also frustrated by the refusal of MI6 to take scientific intelli gence seriously.

But Young had by then been appointed to take charge of M16 operations in the Middle East He saw his first problem as how to get rid of Mossadeq, the Iranian prime minister, who nationalised the Angle-Iranian Oil Company in 1951. The initial plan, drawn up by Monty Woodhouse, later Conservative MP for Oxford, was to bring in arms and explosives for the planned coup. The plan was vetoed by both Churchill and Eden. Young went ahead any way, and Mossadeq was toppled with the help of the CIA in 1953. Three years later, Anglo- American cooperation was not forthcoming.

Young failed in his mission, given to him by Sir Dick White, the new head of MI6, to convince the US of the need to bring down Nasser. He was scathing about the Eden Government's handling of the Suez fiasco. he was delighted a few years later, after he had left M16 to become a director of the merchant bankers, Kleinwort Benson, when he was approached by Mossad to find a Briton acceptable to Saudi Arabia to organise a guerrilla war against the Yemeni regime then backed by the Egyptians. The Scotsman he found, Neil Maclean, a former colonel, succeeded in. restoring the Imam, and Nasser pulled out his troops.) After Suez, Young developed close cooperation with Israeli intelligence while helping the Shah of Iran build up Savak, his secret police and intelligence force.

He later claimed that he tried to persuade the Shah, with whom he was on personal and friendly terms, to separate Savak's intelligence work from its domestic security role a role which contributed to the Shah's fall. In lectures he gave to MI6 recruits after he had retired, Young described the Suez crisis as Britain's biggest error since the war. "We consistently underestimated the emotional force behind extremists and nationalist movements through out the Middle he told them. Though he was never in sympathy with nationalist movements, and confused them with organised terrorism, he did come to accept that they were not controlled by Moscow. At home, he went down an increasingly unattractive route.

By the end of the 1960s, while he was a member of the Monday Club and chairman of the 'Society for Individual Freedom', he urged the repatriation, Eric Burdon, rock musician, 49; Martha Graham, dancer, choreographer, 96; Sir Ian Per-cival, former Solicitor- 8 Mature (5, 7). 12 Turn tail! (3, 3, 2). 15 At which lots are knocked down (7). 16 Weak, as a result of over-refinement (6). 18 Make mature (5).

19 English painter (4). Solution No. 6,256 ia ii nTnBlMZilH in Moscow, Juri Liubimov, making his western debut Thereafter came a period of withdrawal and reflection, broken only by sofferte onde serene When he returned to writing with Con Luigi Dallapicoola (1979) and even more so with the string quartet Fragmente Stille, An Diotima (1979-80), direct challenge had gone, to be replaced by a quiet, introspective idiom demanding concentrated listening. This apparent reversal polarised critical reaction, but provided the springboard for a new surge of work. In Das At-mende Klarsein (1981) Nono collaborated with the Experimen-talstudio in Freiburg, to explore the live electronic manipulation of sound in space.

This work preoccupied him for the rest of the decade. It stressed its concern for immediacy; the impact cannot be easily grasped from a recording, and the works demand a measure of re-invention each time they are performed. Their realisation also made severe demands on time and equipment leaving us with little opportunity in this country to assess the significance of Nono's final phase. Das Atmende Klarsein was also the start of a collaboration with the philosopher Massimo Cacciari that culminated in the gigantic Prometeo-Tragedia dell' ascolto (1981-85), for which a wooden shell, embracing performers and listeners, was created by Renzo Piano. Nono's.

last substantial project was a vast triptych whose titles he derived from a 12th century wall inscription in Toledo: Camin-antes no hay caminos hay que caminar you have no paths, only the travelling''). David Osmond-Smith Luigi Nono. born January 29. 1924; died May 8, 1990. George Herriman BY GARRY TRUDEAU fx AfltufccKteer swine aiAtfrrtf 1 IW" TM6eT Today's Quick Crossword No.

6,257 of development may properly receive effect and to grant plan ning permission. Lord Templeman said there was evidence that there was a need to preserve the main building of County Hall as the home of local government organisations. The Environment Secretary considered such advantages as there were in the maintenance of the building for local government use were not sufficient to outweigh the advantages of allowing the building to be used for offices generally in accordance with the LRB's wishes. There was no statutory justi fication for the competing needs test it there were advan tages in refusing and in allowing a planning application, the Environment Secretary deter mined the weight and balance of advantage bearing in mind the accepted principle that having regard to all material con siderations the application may be allowed unless that develop ment would cause demonstrable harm to interests of acknowledged importance. The appeal was allowed.

Appearances: Robert Carnwath QC and John Howell instructed by Linklaters Paines for the LRB; Michael Fitzgerald QC and John Hobson instructed by the Solicitors to Lambeth Borough Council and the ILEA. SMranHcha Herbert barrister Nations Nations collection. specify) Postcode DGU4 1 I 12 I 13 I 14 I I 15 16 I 17 To" T1 13" 14 115 I 16" 17 FT 2T" 22 23 vft youmir I TO TALK ABOUT Wt YES. ROUGH CUT From a Mexican Village to your door At San Juan Temaxtepec. the villagers still make and wear the traditional shirt of rural Mexico.

Made from the finest Mexican cotton poplin, hand-pleated in pure white for everyday or richly embroidered (as shown above) for galas, fiestas and weddings. This is the archetypical garment of the Oaxacan countryside. It's just one of the items from the unique Wealth of Nations collection. Our clothes for both men and women are all hand made garments from around the world. We travelled many thousands of miles to find them.

Now Wealth of Nations' mall-order service brings them directly to your door. Write for a free copy of our collection, or call 071 823-3580. 'V I 1 Across 1 Width, scope (8). 5 Socially disapproved of (4). 9 Jumblies' vessel (5).

10 Harsh and loud (7). 11 Single covering? (6-6). 13 Raise (6). 14 Frightened (6). 17 Sole conviction (5, 7).

20 Satiated 7). 21 This for mill is source of profit (5). 22 Chinese dynasty sharp taste! (4) 23 Leaning (8). Down i Ml I AMrtsan i "v-ie" Please send me the Wealth of Title (Mr Mrs Ms, Other please First name(s) 1 Surname Address TownCounty- Complete using BLOCK CAPITALS and post to: Wealth of Natlonn, 37 Tedworth Square, London SW3 4DW 1 Shoemaker's model (4). 2 Iris Murdoch novel (3, 4).

3 Mafia head, as in film (3, 9). 4 Mock (6). 6 Superior to (5). 7 Rocking? (8)..