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a a a a a a a a a a of THE GUARDIAN Monday October 7 1974 control, of Government determination to put the Russia attaches great Mr Ford's decision is almost supervision over food exports, Western alliance's interests political importance to trade bound to have political because the suspension of the grain contract coincides with the disclosure that the Administration has been unable to arrive at a compromise on the emigration of Soviet Jews which is acceptable to Senator Jackson. guThe in Senator Congress and his have collea- been insisting that trade with Russia should be eased only on condition that the Soviet Union permits substantial and unhampered emigration by Soviet Jews. They have for over two years been holding up the administration's Trade Bill, which, among its other sions, would extend most favoured nation treatment to Russia. Recently it seemed as If a compromise was close. Now this optimism seems to have evaporated and the Trade Bill Is again compromised with little prospect that Congress will authorise the part affecting Russia.

The US grain harvest this year has been severely affected by bad weather. Administration, seeking to prevent further steep rises domestic food prices, wants to limit the total volume of exports. At the same time Mr Ford has made it clear that he wants to ensure that the requirements of America's traditional customers in Western Europe and Japan will not be sacrificed again, as they were two years 2g0 in the name of to the appetites of the Soviet Union. notorious Great Grain Robbery 1972 precipitated steep rises in world food prices, eventually forced the United States to suspend food shipments to its allies, adding to the latent friction within the Western alliance. 'In 1972, the Nixon Administration claimed that it learned of the deal between major US grain com- and also underlines Mr Ford's above with the United States repercussions--all the greater OVERSEAS NEWS Ford blocks massive deal to sell grain to Russia From HELLA PICK, Washington, October 6 President Ford has personally intervened to stop a massive sale of grain to Soviet Union.

This reflects a decision to impose some degree, falling short Call to end arms race From JOHN GOSHKO Berlin, October 6 Mr Brezhnev said here tonight that the Soviet Union is ready at any time to negotiate with the United States on the withdrawal of nucleararmed shups from the Mediterranean. The Soviet leader unveiled his proposal during an hourlong speech in East Berlin, where he is attending East Germany's 25th anniversary celebrations. Although he did not go into specific detail, Mr Brezhnev implied the Soviet Government is preparing detailed propc sals pouthe nuclear disarmament Mediterranean to put to the United States and its Western allies. The immediate impression, however, (Was that the Soviet leader's offer is a propaganda ploy that will not draw any nibbles of interest from the West. This is especially true at a time when Washington and its NATO partners are deeply concerned about the prospects of future crises in the Mediterranean involving the ArabIsraeli condict and the dispute between Greece and Turkey over Cyprus.

During recent years, the Russians have greatly expanded the size and power of their naval forces. That fact, coupled with the easy access that the Soviet Aeet has to the Mediterranean through the Bosphorus, has convinced Western strategists that any reduction of naval forces In the area can only work to Moscow's advantage. NATO has already shown itself distrustful of Soviet efforts to engage the West in Mediterranean disarmament talks. Last year, when EastWest negotiations began in Vienna on force reductions in Central Europe, Moscow blocked the participation of Hungary in the talks unless the West was willing to include Italy in the area of force cuts. However, the Communist demands that Italy be included were seen by the NATO side as an attempt to involve the US Mediterranean feet in confined to Central Europe.

reductions that the West wants Accordingly, NATO refused the bait and acceded to the exclusion of both Italy and Hungary from full participation in the Vienna talks. Mr Brezhnev's latest move came in there course of a generally conciliatory talk about Communist desires for further disarmament. He said that the already agreed-upon first stage of the US- Soviet agreement on strategic arms limitations was not working badly but that more far-reaching measures were required. Washington Post. Chile opposition leader shot Miguel Enriquez, secretary general of the Chilean 'Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR), was shot and killed Saturday in Santiago in a twohour gun battle, with police in the working-class district of San Miguel.

The death of Enriquez is the most serious blow received by left-wing opposition to the military junta since the downfall of Salvador Allende. Enriquez was a revolutionary Socialist who never hid his v10- lent disagreement with the reformist programm of Allende's Popular Unity Government. mHoweveousinces last small year's but well disciplined group had been cooperating with the remains of the political parties that made up the Popular Unity coalition. He was the only important leftwing figure to have stayed in Gierek's trade aim in US From PAUL NEUBURG Warsaw, October 6 Mr Gierek, Polish party leader, here by air today on a day visit to the United States against a background of the American ban on grain sales to the Soviet Union and the effect this is likely to have on Washington's relations with the East. About three of America's $350 millions (£152 millions) worth of exports here last year consisted of feed grains, while with both the Soviet and Polish harvests below expectations, Poland has contracts for purchases of Soviet grain equal to almost 45 Mr Gierek per cent of the 3.5 million tons Russia will not now get from the United States.

Mr Gierek is the first Communist leader to visit America since President Ford took office. This is a source of some pride many Poles who have seen their country boom, by East European standards, during his 46 months in office, and who now look forward to the prestige the trip will bring Mr Geirek among his colleagues in the Socialist camp. Foreign Ministry, officials in Warsaw add his meeting with Mr Ford should provide a better insight into the worth at the US 'President's stated commitment to continue the process of detente begun by his predecessor. But the main purpose of his trip is economic. Poland's trade turnover with the US grew from $180 millions (£78 millions) in 1971 to about $500 millions (£217 millions) by 1973 as 8 result of the freeing of credits by US ExportImport Bank after President Nixon's Warsaw visit in the summer of 1972, and efforts by both sides to promote exchanges.

MP faces 2,700 tax charges From our Correspondent, Copenhagen's municipal court will tomorrow begin the trial of Mr Mogens Glistrup, MP, 38, leader of the anti tax Progress Party second largest in Denmark's Parliament. A lawyer and tax consultant, he is accused of systematic tax evasions on his own and his clients' behalf. The indictment lists about 2,700 charges against him with penalties of up to 12 years imprisonment. The arousing publicity here because of the political Issues, intricacies of the Danish tax laws, and the implied challenge which Glistrup and his party represent to the welfare State. The prosecution claims that he built up his tax consultancy employing 400 people, in a fashionable Copenhagen suburb, for the specific purpose of evading tax.

Glistrup admits having founded more than 2,000 companies which, the prosection says, existed only on paper and to having practised large scale loan transactions to Burnham press By RICHARD Chile since last year's coup and to have remained out of prison. He was the most wanted man in the country and extremely careful about security precautions. When I sought to interview him three weeks ago in Santiago, I was told that would take at least a fortnight to organise a meeting, for safety reasons. death comes just at the moment when the MIR has been showing signs of activity, after a year of fierce repression in which its leaders and cadres were severely hit and had little chance of unrolling anything other than a wholly defensive strategy. Last week, however, small armed group attacked a branch of the Bank Chile in the heart of the capital.

The raiders only got away with 30 million escudos (£12,000) but the By GREG The Guyanese Government has effective control of the country's daily press by nationalising two leading newspapers, the Daily and Sunday Graphic. which had been widely respected in the Commonwealth Caribbean for their independence. Mr. Forbes Burnham, the Prime Minister, has long been irritated at their criticism of his rule, particularly by the vigorous Sunday Graphic, and has waged a war of harassment against both newspapers. Finally the Thomson group, which owned the papers, offered to sell them to the Government.

has now been accepted." The burden of daily, press dissent in the racially-divided former British colony now falls entirely, the the Marxist Mirror, opposition the People's Progressive Party, led by the former Premier, Dr Cheddi Jagan. But Mr Burnham has long ago ensured that the Mirror's appearance is Irregular by withholding newsprint import licences and by allowing his supporters to intimidate and beat up those who distribute and sell the paper. This obstruction WAs recently condemned by the Caribbean regional association of radio and newspaper editors. For Makarios By GILLIAN LINSCOTT Dr Vassos Lyssarides, leader of the Greek-Cypriot Socialist Party, Edek, and one of the chief supporters of Archbishop Makarios. said yesterday that he thought the Archhishop should return to Cyprus before the Greek elections on November 17.

Dr Lyssarides, who is on a tour of European and Arab countries canvassing support for the Greek-Cypriot case, was speaking at Liverpool to a meeting of Greek-Cypriots. The Archbishop should return before the elections, he said, because if Mr Karamanlis were to be re-elected his policy towards Makarios might change. The present Greek Government supports our struggle and the return of Makarios but. if is re-elected I am not sure there will be continuing support," he said. Maybe Mr Karamanlis will say that Clerides is more acceptable to Rhodesia's city dwellers are beginning to appreciate the nationalist threat to their way of life.

JAMES MacMANUS reports from Salisbury. Where blacks and whites play a waiting game wanted to be dictator' GOTT attack was an importanat symbolic gesture and is known to have caused the junta concern. In a document published clandestinely on September 11, the MIR alleged that Chilean air force intelligence had been in touch with Enriquez with a view to finding a basis tiation to end the repression. The death of Enriquez, with that of General Carlos Prats, the former Commanderof the Chilean army who was assissinated in Buenos Aires a week ago, gives the junta considerable breathing space. Effectively both the violent roads and the evolutionary roads to the overthrow of military regime have for the moment been blocked.

While alive General Prats was living proof that a democratic, constitutionalist strain within the Chilean armed Copenhagen, October 6 enable chanting to gain tax rebates, into millions of Danish kroner. The Danish College of Advocates fined recommended his prosecution: but Glistrup firmly claims he has kept within the law and is supported by several of Denmark's leading jurists. The defence will ask for the case to be transferred to a civil court and tried by jury, but it may take up to two years because, to avoid disturbing Mr Glistrup's political duties, court sessions will be held on only two days a week. Meanwhile, the latest public opinion poll, published in Ber. lingske Tidende showed that 19 per cent of the electorate support Progress Party compared with 15 per cent when it entered Parliament last December.

This would give Glistrup's party 33 seats instead of the present 28. The poll says that support for the Liberal minority Government party has fallen in this period from 18 to 15 per cent. takes over opponents CHAMBERLAIN Dr Jagan has attacked the Graphic takeover by accusing Mr Burnham of being, more concerned with creating a docile and uncritical press for himself than with tackling the power of foreign banks and of economic giants which dominate Guyana's economy. Other recent evidence of Mr Burnham's intense dislike of public criticism has been his intervention a few weeks ago to quash the appointment of Dr Walter Rodney, the region's best-known black radical intellectual, as professor of history at the University of Guyana. action prompted resignation of Sir Kenneth Stoby, the former Chief Justice of Barbados, as the university's pro-chancellor.

Dr Rodney, 32, a Guyanese who has been teaching in Tanzania for the past six years, is an inconvenience to Commonwealth Caribbean Governments. He is generally seen as the father of the contemporary "black power" movement in the region. Since he appeared black radicals have been a matter of constant concern to the men and women of another generation who lead the Caribbean Governments. Sometimes they have gone out of their way to accommodate the new force, but more often they have tried to crush it. and rather less enthusiastically about ZAPU (Zimbabwe African People's Union), the less effective of the two banned African nationalist movements.

Zimbabwe, nationalist name for Rhodesia, frequently boomed out over, the microphones of African clubs, much to the surprise of the inevitable Special Branch men. There is also much talk of the boys who have vanished from their homes to take the recruitment route via Botswana and Zambia to the ZANU training camps. The dominant issue here has. become security. The Rhodesian army estimates that 2,000 ZANU guerrillas are under training in Tanzanian and Zambian camps This force is expected to deploy along eastern border during the coming rainy season where it may well launch a new offensive on a second front.

With her own small army' committed in the north-east and the South African contingent prey to the political forces that are building up in Pretoria, Rhodesia is tightening call-up regulations and planning to co-opt students before their university courses. As such steps are being taken without plans for any effective dialogue with the ANC, it is little wonder that African politicians think a waiting game is the best ploy. forces still, existed and could be built while the prestige of Enriquez as the only major revolutionary figure to have remained clandestinely in Chile in the past year sustained the continuing link with the past. During the Allende years the MIR had considerable success in assisting and organising peasant land seizures in the south of Chile, and in providing revolutionary leadership in some factories of the shanty towns and surrounding Santiago. It was particularly strong in the University of Concepcion but never had the mass base of the Socialist and Communist parties.

Carmen Castillo, daughter of the former rector of the Catholic University of Chile and the former wife of another MIR leader, Andres Pascal, was also involved in the gun battle on Saturday and was apparently the only survivor, panies and the Russians far late to intervene. But a gressional bun inquiry, led by ridence Senator Jackson, found that officials from Secretary for Agriculture, Earl Butz, down, at the least failed to exercise good judgment and might certainly have intervened. This time, the Administration again learned of the grain only after two huge companies, Continental Grain and Cook Industries, had secretly negotiated with the Russians signed contracts last week sell 34 bushels wheat and 91 million bushels of maize worth $500 millions. But as soon as Mr Ford heard of the deal, he called in of the two companies and told them that deal must be suspended. Reluctantly, they agreed.

Tomorrow Mr Ford will meet major grain dealers to discuss a system of voluntary regulations and self-restraint affecting this year's exports of grain. Western Europe and Japan have already promised that they will limit their purchases from the US voluntarily. Although US has not ruled out all grain sales to the Soviet Union, Mr Ford is now insisting that the amount must be relatively small. Mr William Simon, the Secretary of the Treasury, is about to go to Moscow economic talks and will explain Mr Ford's reasons for stopping the grain deal. Nevertheless Mr Ford's move and its abruptness are bound to damage US-Soviet relations at a time when Russia is gingerly making its appraisal the new President.

Compounding the problem Mr Ford's evident failure persuade Senator Jackson his colleagues that vaguely worded Soviet promises to litate the emigration of Soviet Jews are good enough to justify the extension of trade cheap credit facilities to Russians. the Turks so he should stay." Dr Lyssarides has been ing an early return for the Archhishop for some time, but like the rest of Makarios's supporters, does still not know when he plans to go back. Speculation that the Archhishop would he back in Nicosia by the middle of this month now seems unlikely to be fulfilled. Dr Lyssarides is also concerned that a victory for Karamanlis the elections might mean a greater willingness to agree to a partition of Cyprus. He told his Liverpool audience that there could be no question of partition.

"If it happened, all Cyprus would soon be as much under Turkish domination as Istanbul," he said. In Nicosia it was announced that Mr Clerides and the Turkish Cypriot leader, Mr Denktash, are to meet today to resume talks on humanitarian issues. tains a large armoury of weapons, including a Governmentsupplied Belgian FN rifle, and John Morkel is building a strong mesh fence around the African workers' compound to keep out infiltrators, we tiong These he are takes, the only although precau- he drives a battered pickup around miles of dirt track everyday. Mines are the feared form of attack, and most farmers in the area sandbag the floors of their vehicles, drive on underinflated tyres to cushion any explosion, and stay home at night. It is easier to spot the traces of a buried mine by day.

Morkel employs 80 African men who, with their families, make him responsible for a community of around 200. He has no doubts about the loyalty of his workforce. I treat my men hard but fair and that is the way they like it. They have their own irrigated land and can grow what they like. The men are happiest when the season is going bore, and they are working fat out and you are working with My grandfather came up from the Cape with the pioneers (the founders of Salisbury) in the.

'1890s. He cleared the bush and' carved out the farm, working with his men as I work with mine. It is the only way." John Morkel has few Illualons about the size of Rhode- Minister accuses leader From S. R. GHAURI Karachi, October 6 Mr Hafz Pirzada, federal Law Minister, yesterday arcused the leader of the Opposition, Abdul Wali Khan, of creating "a state within the state" with Afghanistan's assistance.

He said that the Opposition parties' decision to address letters to the Chiefs of Staff foreign envoys in Pakistan, the Islamic Secretariat, and various United Nations agencies amounted to subversion of the armed forces and treason. At the same time Islamabad took three quick measures to prevent the Opposition tionalising the Baluchistan problem. Meetings will be held with foreign envoys in bad from tomorrow explain the Baluchistan situation." The Government also set special courts for speedy sabotage and subversion trials and wrote to the secretary-generals of the United Nations and the Islamic Secretariat expressing Pakistan's deep indignation over Afghanistan's interference in Pakistan's internal affairs" Last week the United Democratic Front, representing all the Opposition parties. demanded the immediate release of Baluchi leaders detained for the last 13 months without trial. the return of troops to barracks, and a political dialogue with the Government to restore the Ministry in Baluchistan which was dismissed in February last year.

It also called for the removal of official press shackles. Lisbon, October 6 The former Portuguese President, General Spinola, has been accused of trying to a personal dictatorship. Pete Communist Party leader, Senhor Alvaro Cunhal, who is a Minister without Portfolio, made the accusation at here attended by 10,000 people. Senhor Cunhal, whose has greatly grown in, authority since last week's crisis in which conservative forces were crushed, did pay tribute to General Spinola's opposition to the Right-wing dictatorship overthrown last April. However, he then went on: But after April 25, the General constantly showed a and desire rights to of restrain citizens the and a liberties ten- so dency to centralise power on himself by holding back and even reversing democratisation and decolonisation, in order to install a personal military dictatorship." Senhor Cunhal said party could feel proud of "its action during the crisis.

He referred to nationwide appeal last weekend for people to block the roads to prevent silent majority supporters of General Spinola from coming to Lisbon for a rally The Left-wing vigilantes who manned roadblocks, were mainly mobilised Communist-dominated Portuguese Democratic Movement. The cancellation of the rally and the resignation of General Spinola have confirmed that Communists are by far the most powerful civilian political force in the land. Meanwhile, the Minister for Overseas Territories, Antonio de Almeida Santos, left today for Macao for talks with local people on the future of the Portuguese enclave in Southern China. -Reuter. Police raid on church allegiance to Rhodesia is suspect in the eyes of the established farming community.

For the 5,800,000 Africans there is only one legal political party, the African National Council, While recent events have Mr Smith's hold on at frightened and defiant, facing whites growing community, momen- the tum from the grass roots to take a hard line with any Government initiative to produce a new Constitution and SO pave the way for a settlement with- Britain. There is an 'atmosphere of expectation in the African townships that derives from the growing belief that events are moving their way. Consequently, the ANC president, Abel Muzorewa, has become a more militant figure in the past few months. Afic leading expressed this member new of mood the A A when he said: "Why. should play around with Smith ZANU will be in power here, before Time is the tight end for of the the decade.

Government. Basically we can wait until a deteriorating security situation forces them to. make concessions. If they don't do that, they will fall anyway." The new militancy in the townships is not just focussed on the ANC. In the cans speak freely about ZANU Madrid, October 6 Police have detained about 200 people who tried to meet in a church here on Saturday to discuss labour problems.

Informed sources said today that the detainees, who include lawyers and priests, had decided to hold a meeting after attending evening mass in the church. Suddenly the lights had gone out and police had burst into the church. herding everybody out. The sources said that most of the detainees were later released but that their identity cards were held by the police. The raid came amid growing industrial unrest in Spain, where about 30,000 workers are on strike in support of demands for higher wages and better working conditions.

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Your copy (minimum two lines) should reach us by 5.30 p.m. two days before insertion date. Box number charan 50p. sia's security problem now that the Mozambique frontier has been opened up. He said: If they hit us from across the border we have got to go in there and hit them back.

I am 100 per cent behind that and we all are up here. And if I go I will take 100 of them with It is not surprising that such attitudes differ so widely from those voiced in Salisbury. The financial are higher on the profitable farms, where, the owners normally have deep roots in the country. A Salisbury official said that Rhodesia is formally protesting to the Zambian Government over a number of recent border incidents. The incidents, which two South African policemen' serving with Rhodesian security forces and one guerrilla were killed, mark an increase in guerrilla activity on' Rhodesia's western border with Zambia after several months of, comparative quiet.

There has been a large turn-, over in the white urban population'. Almost 40 per cent have arrived in the country since UDI in 1965, although the overall: European population has only risen from 210,000 to 273,000. The new arrivals seeking life style they could not afford in Britain are often the most ardent supporters of Mr Smith, although their ultimate DATELINE COMPUTER DATING, Tel. 01-937 0102. 23 Abingdon Wa.

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or call in "Place. UNICEF GCO, Stratford WIN 9AF. Tel. 01-493 9417. IN THE fashionable guburbs of Salisbury, where swimming pools and tennis courts crowd the back lawns, the balm of sunshine and cheap servants no longer soothes the sharpening anxieties of the white popular tion.

When has replaced in the limited political vocabulary of those who bother to examine the future, and the question most frequently asked of outsiders IS: "How long do you think we are going to last The collapse of Portuguese rule in Mozambique and the uncertain support of South Africa contributed to the politics of fear which gave Ian Smith's ruling Rhodesian Front Party such a sweeping success in July's general election. But the election has done nothing to calm the fears of the more enlightened urban whites. In between appraisals of the garden boy's work, the verandah small talk occasionally breaks off into calculations as to how long it will take ZANU, the main nationalist movement, to force its way to power, For some reason, five years seems to have become generally accepted figure. The majority of Europeans do not allow themselves such preoccupations. An evening's dinner dancing, which is something of an obsession here, is enough to banish fears for the future.

In the big farming country north-east of the capital, where ZANU has been active since 1972, the attitudes change sharply. There is ill-disguised contempt for Salisbury's swimming pool crowd and an unrelenting determination to stay, whatever the cost. Ian Smith has probably never been more popular throughout the country but in the north-east his stature is heroic. One of the richest areas in the north-east is Shamva, an intensive farming district where the red clay uplands produce record crops of cotton, wheat and seed maize. John Morkel, a 45-year-old Rhodesian, works his share of a farm with two brothers.

His farmhouse is only 45 miles from Salishury but 20 miles up the road the tarmacadam gives way to a dirt track and that where the landmines and the" troubles start. Morkel has not yet been as he puts it, but there are many to the north who have. He is more fatalistic than most, considering that Shamva is in the direct line of a war that, has been shifting southi east for two years. The Morkel's farmhouse con- CHRISTMAS CARDS FOR THE BLIND. Christmas Cards for the Greater London Fund for, tho Blind bring much needed help.

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