The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 9

TETET GUARDIAN" Monday April 3 1972 Foreign parts and missing manifestos John. Torode on a. policy that isn't yet ot exporters- weeping about lost orders and cancelled contracts (as-happened to the Swedes in their relations with Greece)." McNally concludes: "The scars oi German re-armamertt in the; 1950s- and unilateralism1 im the 1960s make many in the party simply thank Heaven there is no foreign policy row and: hope- it stays that way. I- believe, however, that a well researched, well thought out and comprehensive foreign policy paper could ber" a- constructive- basis for party debate and a useful source for a manifesto." In a logical woTld he could be right: But I suspect the uneasy coalition of old Bevan-ltes and old Gaitskellites on the international committee mav conclude that the absence of a foreign policy is small price to pay for the absence of rows about a foreign policy." And who are we to blame them THE Labour Party's home policy experts are now well into their plans for the next election. Already they are busily sifting through pages of promises made by the leadership since June 1970 everything from free school milk to the repeal of the Industrial Relations Act Mos of these dozens of specific pledges will find tiieir way into the manifesto and might even influence the thinking' of the next Labour Government.

All very satisfactory-from their-point of view. But now, in the midst of all this efficient activity, the party's international secretary has dropped a bombshell. In a confidential paper he has sent to all members of the national executive international committee (including such august figures as Wilson, Jenkins, Healey and Hart) Mr Tom McNally" i'hat last sentence gives the clue. The Duncan Report called for a business orientated foreign service. McNally really wants to know whether the Labour Party is prepared to produce an anti-Duncan shaking the cobwebs and conservatism out of the Foreign Office once and for all.

Com-" meriting on the way foreign policy continues whoever is in poVer the document says: This flow of foreign policy is a great source of pride to the Foreign Office and often a great source of irritation to the party rank and file. To-them- the Labour Foreign Office Minister seems to become more Catholic than the Pope and to develop- into that strange phenomena which Robert Neild (economic "adviser at the Treasury under Mr Callaghan) has described as 'the Liberal Hawks up with, some limited unilateral pledges on European security, a reduction in arms expenditure -and detailed commitments- on the size and form of aid to the developing areas. On South Africa the end product is less predictable. "The last Government was unwiHing to have an economic confrontation with South Africa will this be our position throughout the asks pointedly. Whatever conclusions these groups reach the party is still without an (official) in its head about any number of subjects dear to Labour's heart.

Look at McNally's selected omissions "THE UNITED NATIONS continue to view the UN as a good thing or it is possible to propose a policy of reform? THE COMMONWEALTH its future in the seventies will tent as in a social or economic policy statement? Or will any foreign policy statement put to conference simply spatch cock on to a domestic policy statement some- generalised views on the current world situation?" Poor Mr McNally can find only three specific 'foreign policy pledges made by Trans- port House since the election. They are the repudiation of any arms deal made with South Africa support for an relief commission to- aid in Bangladesh-type situations, and permission for the European Human Rights Commission to look at fte 1968 Commonwealth Immigration Act. Worthy aims no doubt but hardly comprehensive. In addition, study groups are at work on three' more subjects-i-defence and disarmament, the th-irg wf-i and South Africa. The first two 'are likely to come points out In effect that Labour has no foreign policy.

He asks innocently if they want one-before polling day. It is six years since the executive last made an overall foreign policy statement to conference and even that the manifesto pattern of genuflecting towards certain! Labour Party sacred cows UN and the Commonwealth) while coupling it with best endeavour" statements on issues where Britain has -'a peripheral influence Vietnam and- the Middle East The decision I would like the committee to. consider is whether weshould attempt a 'Socialist Foreign Policy for the -Is it possibleto put forward a radical view of Britain's role in the world with specific proposals for change, and with the same degree of itemised, specific and where possible, costed policy con DICK WALSH meets one of the last survivors of the Easter Rising Dublin, Sunday Kelly's heroes depend very much on how much a Labour Government is willing to give it a rOle in its- foreign policy. Should we -seek a Commonwealth policy for the seventies THE. FOREIGN OFFICE is it, as -many people in the Labour Party helieve, a swamp of conservatism into which even the most radical of Labour foreign secretaries will 'sink and ooze about in a morass- of telegrams, social engagements official 'visits Or is there simply a Rritish Foreign Policy dictated by 'National Self Interest' with which, once inside the 'Foreign Office and fully bnefed, any reasonable mac' would agree Or have Labour's foreign policies simply been too vague, ill thought out or simply non existent for Ministers taking office to have a teady made programme- to which to refer? Is there need for a Labour Duncan Report" COME Americans see Frank Lazzaro a policeman for 28 years' and now Mayor of Philadelphia, as the symbol of.

a new era in politics. They talk about the Rizzo revolution and picture him- as a harbinger of changes that will come in other parts of the also a switch of influence and power from the upper middle classes to the urban underprivileged from the Ivy League men to the self-educated, from the White Anglo-Saxon Protestants to the white anything but Anglo-Saxon Catholics. And, most significantly, from the liberals to the conservatives. They pomt to- the President's obvious warmth towards Rizzo he is the one Phaladelphian that Nixon, in or out of power, has always asked to see when 'he comes here, and the Mayor was barely into office before he took a trip to the White House and to visit his other old friend, J. Edgar Hoover of the FBI.

Nixon the master politician so the argument runs sees the coalition that Rizzo has put together as the one that he must also call upon and woo away from George Wallace. It is. of course, significant that Rizzo has happened in Philadelphia, the cradle of the Republic, where the great bicentenial celebrations will be held in. 1976 For Philadelphia has had Republican, mayors for 67 years, until 1951 then the reform Democrats came in on the civil rights tide- and with a bjack and white coalition. The last mayor Jim Tate, who was a regular Democrat lost the white liberals but held on to his black support Revolution The Mayor, it must be said straight away, rejects both the facts and the interpretation of the Rizzo revolution theory.

He claims that he could not have been, elected without getting about one third of the black votes. If he had to run for election again, tomorrow he would get a majority of that vote because in his three months- in office he has appointed more blacks to senior jobs than any previous mayor. He denies that he is a racist and says that the image at the policeman-thug, which has been pinned upon him, was just a convenient electoral device for political opponents. Internationally at least, the core of this image is the raid on a Black Panther HQ in 1970 when Rizzo was police commissioner. That was the occasion when the Panthers 19P Of course the party is not really going to have a go at the FO and -Mr McNally knows it.

What he wants is something firm on paper which future Ministers can use to beat their officials over the heads. He points out tbat the Labour Movement expects moral pronouncements from its governments on matters where no specific British interest is involved. Greek and Portuguese membership of NATO, Greek membership of the Council of Europe, the relationship of the Southern-European Dictatorships" to--the EEC are examples. This field of policy is possibly the most difficult to plan-in advance. But it is also the area of policy where the Foreign and Colonial Office is most likely to urge caution and where the party is likely to demand radical action.

It is also the area where a moral gesture is likely to have the Board of can't read or write. They've no trade, nothing's done about vocational education, and they've no jobs. We need massive federal aid. But tney don't teach kids to read or write properly. I've seen guys we brought in for killing and they couldn't read the statement they'd dictated.

One high school graduate couldn't spell boot or After a digression on the-three- Rs the Mayor returned-to his main theme Itfs going to take 50 years to correct the ills in housing, employment, and education. If we wait for that we'll risk thousands more people murdered we get between 400 and 600 homicides in a year. We can't just tell the people we're going to work to cure the ills and do nothing else about it. The practical thing is to hire more police, equip them well, and get the courts to do their job." Guns law He is dissatisfied with the guns law and is trying to tighten it. Bui his real complaint is about the courts.

I am not against a man getting a break for his first offence," the Mayor said, "but I have seen a man charged with robbery at the point of a gun getting probation on three successive occasions. Only 3 per cent of people arrested for carrying guns go to prison. Most people in this city want tough law enforcement. The blacks are as frightened about crime as the whites. The courts should let criminals know this is not going to be tolerated.

That is half the battle" His views on permissiveness are international. He regrets that Scotland Yard is going to have a liberal instead of Mr Peter Brociie as its head. Britain 's beginning to repeat the mistakes that America made. He doesn't want oppression. he explained, just the enforcement of the law I'm not talking about demonstrations.

We've protected demonstrations that were repulsive to this com-mumtv and to the police. I'm talking about violence, the destruction of property, taking people captive in their own offices, taking over campuses. I think people who do that should be punished not hrutality. just enforce the law." And the Mayor who said how much he respected England, and particularly the London bobbies, recalled a television picture he had seen of those bobbies having to run away during a London demonstration. I didn't sleep well the night I saw that." the Mayor said.

Baynard's Castle ing into the spirit of the think, now the crisis is not only at hand, but visibly at hand. On Good Friday there were 800 visitors and even on a rainy Saturday 400 onlookers turned up. Four guides were appointed under Mr Keith Waterhouse, a 24-year-old stamp, dealer, with strict instructions to tell everyone not to. stray from, the main party, because the site v-as a dangerous, one. It? appears that amateur diggers have- signed undertakings, that they will not 1 hold the City of London responsible for injury, but of course the public haven't, and might get litigatious.

And one can guess how the Citv Fathers would react if archaeology, after, cost them a bit of money. JOHN WINDSOR on an embryonic State Small summit THE Republic of Minerva, the away-from--aU South Pacific atoll being dredged from the waves by pioneers of an ideal community has run into political squalls. Onlv weeks after an American syndicate of libertarian thinkers declared sovereignty and proclaimed the principle of the separation of the State from economic power. Minerva's island neighbours called horror of horrors a summit conference. They pledged themselves, for the first time in history, to work towards joint trade and economic policies.

Now. tlie leaders of independent Fiji, Nauru. Tonaa, Western Samoa and the self-governing Cook Islands, a New Zealand dependency all members of the newly formed South Pacific Forum are refusing to recognise Minerva. And Fiji and Tonga have become positively hostile. Minerva, twin coral atolls 400 miles southeast of Fiji, has scarcelv raised her head above the waves.

The reefs a notorious graveyard of shipping, were visible only at low tide until dredgers hired by Mr Michael Oliver of Carson Citv, Nevada, and his Oeean-Iife" Research Foundation raised her highest peaks to six feet above high tide in Januan. T. more dredgers capable of producing an acre of land in five days are due in May to begin raising 2.50(1 acres at a cost of between 8.000 and 12.000 dollars an acre. Oliver, author of A New Constitution for a New Country has seen fit to raise the price of his newsletter subscription Irani five dollar 150 dollars a year. "Payment or non-payment of the larger sum will provide us with clues concerning those wish: ing to support our project he savs.

He claims to have spent dollars already and reckons to spend a total of four million dollars. Empires Meanwhile, the Tonsans in th. Friendly Islands 270 miles awav are getting restive The Prime Minister. HRH Pruu-e Tu'ipelehake says he doesn't want people setting up empires on his doorstep and last month (February) Ton-gan officials landed on Minerva to stake their claim by installing a refuge station a box with a beacon containing a survival kit and marked maintained by the Go eminent of Tonga." The premier maintains that a Tongan sea captain pitched a Tongan flag on the reef in 196S and claimed it as home territory. He is.

asking his legal advisers to look for loopholes in Minerva's Declaration of Independence as is Ratu Sir Kamise.se Kapaiwai Tia-macilai chief minuter of Fiji hobbies cricket, rug-by. golf and fishing who has expressed fears that the new nation fad might spread to his doorstep, too. The motives behind the setting up of the South Pacific political block are enough, to make a.iy serf-respecting- Ifn-ertarian shudder. The five member islands are showing those well-known symptoms of sick societies unemployment and slums and are seeking closer political cohesion under the leadership of Fiji in order to preserve their Rogers and Hammerstcin image a.Hi, i net 4 1- a i attract foreign aid. South Pacific Forum wants to present a united front in civil aviation negotiations.

Oliver, a Lithuanian electronics engineer, wants two airstrips run on strictly free-enterprise lines. The SPF wants a South Pacific Bureau for Economic Co-operation and a customs and currency Oliver is pledged to the principle that a Government's only function should fo protect against force and fraud. One tinv nation did recognise Minerva. The sultanate of Ocussi Anibmo on the island of Timor in the Malay Archipelago, invited diplomatic relations in January. The Portuguese Embassy, whose territory it is.

says that Portugal hasn't recognised Minerva and that Ocussi Ambino has no business to without asking Portugal's permission. JOHN COLE on the new mayor Philadelphia Sunday Hot and cold Rizzo appeared in the world's newspapers lined up against a wall with no clothes on. Rizzo is bitter about the way he was treated. He says a police informer had revealed that the Panthers possessed' guns and explosives. As soon as the police announced themselves they were fired' on.

They returned the fire, used tear-gas, and got the Panthers out. They were in their underpants because they had been, in bed when the raid began. The officer in charge ordered them to loosen their pants so that they could be sure they had not got concealed weapons. They dropped their pants and their asses were out." says the Mayor. "It was a news picture, their bare asses.

We had asked the press along because we knew there would be complaints about the raid. And then, of course, it was said I'd dehumanised them and all that boloney. I wasn't evert there." Opinion about the raid remains divided here. A radical journalist told me that he thought Rizzo had been the victim Of a bum rap Rizzo has given absolute prioritv to law and order in his first three months. His budget, just published, allows for 900 extra policemen.

I asked him whether he was goins to do anything about the mot social cases of crime. He said he was He was confident that he could get money out of Washington and the State Government for a programme to help drug-addicts who were behind much of the crime. There were houses in Philadelphia so bad that nobody could grow up there to be a decent citizen. He wanted those cleared. He was going to get more money under the model cities programme.

More training and more jobs were needed. Our school system produces illiterates." he said bitterly. Most of them are blacks, big strong guys who the elements, who seemed affronted that there was no time for him to help dig up the whole castle site You neei to, to get all the information, you or 10-year-old Garry Parker, an American whose father is now in London with Weils Fargo, who came to the dig with his 17-year-oM brother and 16-year-old sister and has since foonr bits of glass and bone and some pieces of medieval shoe." One or two useful pieces of information have turned up already. The actual structure revealed by the dig indicates that old prints of the castle have made the landing stage from the river too narrow and placed it by the wrong bastion. The public, too, are enter; the wounded socialist, James Connolly, rallying the insurgents from the stretcher on which he was carried to prison and execution.

It would be foolish to imagine the experience had left them unaffected all 1916 men talk of Britain and Ireland as them and us. Like the Tipperary guerrilla leaders, Dan Breen, whose account of his fight became a textbook for Guevara, Frank Kelly makes no bones about the purpose of the fight We were trying to kill them just as they were trying to kill us." He neither shrinks from calling it murder nor pretends the atrocities were all on one side. Needless Now, over half a century later, he has some sympathy with those people in the Republic who are askdng themselves, as Yeats dared in his poem of the Rising "Was it needless death after all What, a new generation wants to know, has the terrible beauty" come to mean The question was bitterly relevant as Dublin, once more, prayed for peace this Easter. And the absence of the military from city parades reminded people of tension along the border and the Government's unease. On the radio, Dr Conor Cruise O'Brien argued that violence was never justified unless, perhaps, the majority of the people were behind it and the People's Democracy leader, Mr Michael FaTrelT, noted that it was always popular violence which was thus condemned, never the institutional violence of capitalism, or that of the "rces of the state.

The achievements of 50 years are scarcely encouraging. A million people have emigrated and unemployment has not ceased to be a serious problem. While the social services have improved there are still stinging reminders from Northern Ireland of tiieir comparative inadequacy. For Frank Kellv and his colleagues, the fight was on another, simpler issue. They sought independence and felt that others should choose and organise the society of an independent state.

Others, one cannot help feeling, who have let them down. BARRY NORMAN Spare the Plod-. thing from the Towpath Mur ders downwards. Ruddy Stirling Moss," they say. They always say that Ive never known why.

Perhaps the entire police force expects every fast-moving car actually to be driven by Stirling Moss. Whatever the reason, those words, coming from a policeman bulging with muscle, strike terror into me. Fat policeman never scared me so. "Brakes," they used to-say, grabbing my handlebars firmly, brakes?" But though I never had any they'd simply clip my ear and let me go. Fat policemen never asked for my driving, licence or warned that a prosecution migh follow.

I wish they'd bring fat policemen back, again. THE HOUSE OF LORDS has been making merry at the expense ot the GPO's. dial-a-horoscope service, with, many a iolly quin about "Venus being in the ascendant" and the like. Very funny, of course; but FRANK KELLY looks like a Frenchman, uses rhyming slang with the precision of a Cockney, and remembers Londoners dancing on the streets at the relief of Mafeking. But he wore a lily yesterday to keep the memory of the men with whom, 56 Easters ago, he took a tuppenny tram ride into Irish history.

Frank had gone to Dublin, via Hammersmith, where he was born, and the Channel Islands where he grew up, less than a month before he shouldered his gun and caught the Terenure tram for the General Post Office on Easter Monday, 1916. The was to rever-' berate through Africa and India but more some now think, more tragically, through Ireland. To Frank it was both necessary and inevitable, his generation's contribution to a centuries-old struggle, and he did not doubt the justice of his cause even when the crowds jeered the 1,200 men and women who had so casually taken on an empire as they were herded to the boats that were to take them to prison in England. Now he meets the survivors most frequently at funerals, a shrinking band behind a flag-covered coffin, stretching arthritic limbs to fire a volley over another comrade's grave; successful mohair beside out-of-work macintosh and afterwards, over whiskey or porter, the constant appraisal of the Chief," de Valera. Official Yesterday a hundred or so turned up at the Garden of Remembrance in Dublin to participate in the official commemoration of Easter, the Irish equivalent of wreath laying at the Cenotaph on Armistice Day.

Yesterday they remembered again the details of 56 years ago the food parcels in the Post Office that helped them to survive the lancers lining up outside and, mysteriously, going away the three young looters who were trapped on a ledge outside a blazing toy shop. And more dramatic things NEW YORK'S Chief of Police has ordered his 30,000 men to report at the firing range to be weighed, warning those found to be in possession of chests that have slipped and settled around the waistband that trouble will ensue. What sort of trouble is not clear, although it's hardly likely that he'll have them shot. Doubtless they will be ordered to diet and conform to some regulation policeman's shape, which I feel is a pity. Policemen ought to be fat.

It's in the nature of the beast. Mr Plod was fat and when I was a boy all policemen were fat; massive men proceeding the streets, chins up, bellies out, hands clasped behind blue serge backs or teetering meatily on their heels as they confiscated one's for firing acorns at buses. I was never frightened of policemen then. Fat policemen inspire nc- fear, merely awe and innocent trust. When I was seven and kept watch while my friend Ron, an habitual criminal of eight, stole penknives for us from Woolworths it was never the police I feared.

Ron and I could outiprint any policeman in Somerset without breaking sweat Fat policemen can't run. Every small hoy knows that. Of course, if many years since I was last involved in a daring robbery at Wool-worths and; frankly, I shouldn't care to try one now not with this present crop of lean, hard-eyed young bogies. I don't know how anyone has the nerve to be a crook these days. only have to be waved down" by a car with a blue light watch the occupants emerge in that deliberate way, their cold copper's gaze aimed just above my eyes, to confess to any- yer Che aturis no ihetr iuh Mayor Hiao NEVER since the Home Guard thumbed their noses vicariously at the Panzer divisions has such a pici and shovel army assembled as on the north bank of.

the Thames yesterday. This time the enemy is the bulldozer and it will definitely arrive on Wednesday, leaving London amateur archaeologists- with only a rainy Easter in which to "find out all they can about one of William the Conqueror's major legacies. Baynard's Castle, just beside the Mermaid Theatre, was one of the forts the Normans built to guard London, one of the others being Mont-fichet Castle, where the Savoy Hotel now. stands. Mary Tudor was proclaimed Queen there.

Shakespeare set part of Richard HI there. Charles II used it. But against a 7 million road scheme and a plan for building a new City of London Boys School, such factors weigh little except to archaeologists, and even they seem to have been slow off the mark in this particular case. The warehouses have been stripped away from this stretch of the river for some time, but it was only a few days ago that the Wandsworth Historical Society stepped in to administer a last-minute dig. I spent three nights with three other people trying to get in touch with as many possible volunteers as I could," sard Mr Nicholas a a vice chairman of Wandsworth Historical Society.

Then we had a four-hour briefing. This seems to have produced an organisation that is working extremely well" Yesterday, 70 amateur diggers were at work in- the. sometimes water-sodden ruins of the castle, while over 500 members of the public looked at the digging work in parties organised with military pre- horoscopes- are no laughing matter. 1 know a man (X I call him) who used to write them and they did him no good at all. He was a man of many parts who once made a living by flogging watches to suckers.

In the end he forsook this noble calling for journalism on the grounds that "if beat working by an even greater margin than flogging watches and one day his paper lost its astrologer and generously offered the job for an extra four guineas a week. He went about it in a businesslike way, composing 50 horoscopes in a single night, a simple task, for one with an inventive mind uncluttered by knowledge of the subject. Then daily he permed any 12 from 50 so that 'conflict within, the home" would befall Leos one week and Scorpios another, thus ensuring that over the months everyone got his fair share of good news and bad. As a system it was practically foolproof, save for the fact that the 'editor actually believed in the stars and one morning read under his birth sign Not your day stay home and play with the kids." Unable to do former and having none of the latter he came to work instead and worried until, learning the-identity of the resident astrologer and growing suspicious, he summoned and said My stars are bad today. How did' you work them out?" And naturally proud of his scheme and refusing to credit that anyone could take horoscopes seriously, said Well, your turn, wasn't it Sagittarians copped that one on Monday and Virgos get it next month." I met him later in the pub and sympathised.

Easy come easy gov" he said It was only a lousy four guineas anyway. Wanna buy a watch?" DENNIS BARKER on a busy weekend by the Thames Castle in the mud cision, and the administrators reflected that next week, when it is all too late, the British public will regret that the ruins, built over in Victorian times, wiir now be churned up for good by techniques of modern foundation- laying. "If only it were like some parts of the Continent," said the tin-hatted safely officer. Mr. Patrick Loobey, where sellers of a site have to give a certain percentage for excavation." Faced with a situation in which the City of London produces 500 for excavation in a good year (Lincoln has the amateur comes into-his own.

Like 72-year-old Mr Jack Gugam. a retired London Electricity Board foreman, a cloth cap'tbe only outdoor wear concession to.