The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 2

the THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN THURSDAY SEPTEMBER 12 1957 PERSONAL GASKELLS FOR SWIMMING LESSONS Daily, 9 a.m to7 pm Turkish Betas Oxford Rd Mic MAKE LIFE EASIER IN THE HOMEJ by fitting SHEPHERD CastorE to that hear furmture. A child can glide massive chairs, or divans or cleaning nine So kind to carpels Or parquet: costly Bited and last life Sent paid where in Britain, the of four. BED CASTORS by Vono, set Write now tor icallet to BYROMS 11D. The Wedding mince 1851. 3-10 Attrincham BENTLEY and distinctive Sports Carriases urgent required Simmons of Mayfair, the Noted Kolk-Royce and Bentley are urgently seeking immediate Post-Aar and Coachwork Pre-WAT Modck Also number ol Vintage specimens are required for the US market Particulars of AnY umaual aports coachu ork on Mercedes Beaz.

Hispano Isotta Fruschini, Alfa Romeo, Invicta, Steam Cars. etc will be trade be covered on a commasion bass. and the Sales Director will Place, Park Lane W. 1. Telephone GRO 1188 and Details and particulars to Simmons a Rex anywhere in Great Britain by prior appointment GRO 2635, KENSINGTON ANTIQUES FAIR KENSINGTON TOWN HALL.

LAST DAY. am. 10 8 p.in. Admission 216 Entries NATIONAL Contest on Inflation Winning and Extracts from now published In 21-paze inset in July true of Economic Direst Coples available 116 (plus 2d postage) from Secretary. Alton Chamber of Commence.

Alton. Hampshire SAFES AND OFFICE FURNITURE MILNER'S SAFES, FILING CABINETS, Also Quantity Office Furniture. WITHY GROVE STORES, 35 WITHY GROVE, MANCHESTER TWELVE YEARS AGO freedom came -to those who Hived to see IL. In memory of thome who served and 1054 their hires send donation to the ROYAL AIR FORCE. BENEVOLENT FUND so that 4 proud record of assisting dependents can be tained All gifts will be acknowledged by the Hon.

Treasurer. R.AF. Benevolent Fund 67 Portland Place, London W. 1 (Registered under the War Chantics Act, 1940), BALLROOM DANCING LESSONS Rogers and Lamont, Manchester CEN 8032 WRITERS! £300 in prize money must be 11 Seral Story First Instabnent Competition, Write for details to Prize Story Editor Red Star Weekly. 12 Fetter Lane.

Fleet Street, London C. THE KURTAIN KING SPECIALISTS IN CURTAINS PELMETS AND LOOSE COVERS. Terms arranged for Hotels, Schools. Canteens. Omces.

etc. locuiries Invited. Telephone DEAnseate 30 HIGH STREET (farket Street), MANCHESTER PLEASE FILE you a concern for re housing elderfolk (admitting younger) Adrertiser wishes contact persons interested restoring MABLE. small for above purpose. acqutring.

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Dyeing Storage arranged tor moderate charies" Full leaflet gladly sent ac request TONES (London and Manchester) LTD 21-31 Oldham Street Manchester DEA 3151 CLOTHING--Men's, Women's, Children's 9 the Salvation Manchester Army 1 Kindly send Hulme Street. 07 we collect CENtral $737 TACK-TRAINED MEN increase sales 2.500 Sales Executives and prove chis for themselves each year Salesmanship Course da Sales Management Retresher Course 2 days Write for bonklet. THE TACK ORGANISATION Longmore Street London Or phone Victoria SHIt-4 British Association INQUIRY INTO METRIC SYSTEM Industry suggests first subject for study group to investigate From our Scientific Correspondent DUBLIN, WEDNESDAY. The Council of the British Association is exploring means of setting up a study group to examine the practical difficulties of introducing the metric was announced to at the end of system on in the United Kingdom. This the annual meeting of the Association, by Professor P.

M. S. Blackett, the retiring president. The study, one of the new activities which the British Association is going to undertake, has apparently been suggested ton them association by a prominent have some connection with B.A.O.C. Professor Blackett said that the proposed study group, on which a final decision would be taken on November 1, would pointed out supply more a need than which in had been once a series of reports published by the Board of Trade seven or eignt years ago.

pointed out that many industrialists felt this to be an important matter. With the possible imminence of the common. market it might become a vital issue. On the organisation of study groups in general, Professor Blackett said that he thought the British Association could serve a useful purpose in those things which were neither the province of the Government departments, the political parties, or organisations like the Federation of British Industries and the T.U.C. The meeting ended in a spate of mutual congratulations from all sides.

There seems doubt that it has been more successful than any meeting 101 the last four years. This is reflected both in the high attendance and in the quality of this year's discussions, which have in general been less frivolous and more rewarding, even exciting. The next annual meeting of the Association will Glasgow on August 27, 1958 The 1959 meeting will be in York and the 1960 meeting in Cardiff, Professor Blackett said to-day that in spite of the new epoch into which the Association has now entered, the annual meeting would renain the Association's main in activity. Plans for the future include the organisa'jon of a junior British Association," perhaps at Christmas or some time like that," the study groups and lectures held from time to time in different places. The givers These new ambitions are only likely to be satisfied because of the gifts of money made by industry to the Association.

It was explained to-day that in the first instance only a dozen firms had been approached, partly because it was hoped that their response would give some indication of how others would respond. The extra income which the Association has already secured amounts to £8,000 a year, and it is hoped to increase this by at least as much again. It is believed that the principal donors in the first group are Imperial Chemical Industries, and the Shell 1 Petroleum Ltd, HOW THE IRISH CAME ABOUT To assert the complete independence of cultural and genetic continulty" is, an Englishman would think, a dangerous thing to do in Dublin, but Dr W. E. Hackett did it in the archaeology section and was not immediately lynched.

Perhaps he was merely expressing once more the independence of Trinity College. Dublin. to which he owes his allegiance. Dr Hackett was taking part in a discussion on how the Irish nation had been formed and he contributed an accumulation of facts about the distribution of different blood groups throughout the country He was applying to Ireland the kind of analysis which has recently proved successful in discovering how population movements may have taken place in Europe Dr Hackett argued from the frequency of the blood group in Ireland. this country like Wales.

Scotland, and other outlying parts of the European continent. could conceivably be populated by the descendants of a people which was driven away from central Europe by another with a markedly different incidence of group blood. But in Ireland itself the most revealing evidence comes from the A and blood groups Dr Hackett's surveys have shown that the group is more common in the west of Ireland while in the east the A group is far more frequent From this and nther facts he argued that TWICE THE TIME UNDER WATER Divers' secret drug From our Special Correspondent DUBLIN, WEDNESDAY. neck joints THE SIXTH FORM'S PURPOSE Giving background An unexpected invocation of national security was made this morning in the final session of the physiology and biochemistry section. Dr H.

J. Taylor, superintendent of the Royal Navy Physiological Laboratory, Hampshire, told the meeting the Navy now had a drug which double the length of time a man could stay underwater without having oxygen convulsions. However, he said, he would give no details about it since did not want to save any potential enemy some hard work." The session was devoted to a discussion of underwater swimming and diving. More than once it was made clear that a good deal of the research into human behaviour in underwater conditions was being assessed as a matter of military importance. But at the same time the amateur underwater swimmer was given some warnings.

Dr Taylor said it was very unwise for an amateur to go out alone and that even when he had a companion he should be fully proficient in the use of his equipment. A number of lives were lost during the summer because people refused to take the necessary precautions. (A spokesman for the Irish SubAqua Club, Mr Kenny Brennan, supported Dr Taylor's advice. He said it was a highly dangerous sport for fools.) brief look towards the future Captain W. O.

Shelford saw the Increasing use of artificial Abres in making diving suits and the introduction of more flexible suits. These might have an over-all weight of perhaps 75lb, instead of nearly 200lb. as at present. The copper helmet might well' be replaced by a comparatively closefitting helmet rotating and elevating at the Mr R. R.

R. Hancock, headmaster of Northern Grammar School for boys, Portsmouth, and president of the Incorporated Society of Headmasters, spoke in the education section form on the to contribution of the sixth contemporary society. He said that since problems of the present and future were moral and human and not technical, education must produce men and women properly equipped to make the vital decisions they would find facing them. Schools must produce, they were told, 85,000 additional technologists in the next ten years: but this must not mean vocational training in the sixth form Nowadays the bulk of sixth-formers were not only Arst generation sixth-formers but, even more important, first generation grammar school pupils. They come from homes which, though good, self -sacrificing and thoroughly well disposed, cannot give the 'background' and experience that the universities and professions so often seek Unless the grammar schools provided the wide background necessary.

they might produce a kind of culturally and socially detribalised intelligentsia, a succession of frustrated ated generations of angry young men. which could destroy both our standard of living and way of life the population of eastern Ireland had been afflicted in its genetic make-up by a considerable admixture, with people from England In the neighbourhood of Dublin for example, Dr Hackett calculated that more than half of the genetic composition of the present population must have been derived from English. not Irish, ancestry. His most startling argument concerns the population of the islands of Aran, which has always been regarded as one of the most pure Irish populations still living, and which certainly lavs claim to this distinction It turns out from a study of frequency of different blood groups in the islands that 70 per cent of the blood of the Aran population is derived from English stock That the people speak Gaelic and often no other language is not reflected in the composition of their blood His inter. pretation of this phenomenon is based on the belief.

not universally accepted bv historians. that an English garrison was stationed on Aran in the seventeenth centurv in the hope of keeping invading fleets out of Galway Bav. He assumes. therefore. that this garrison inter-married freely with the native population.

Professor Keenan. of University College Dublin (the National University). did not let this genetical doctrine pass unquestioned. He raised some of the difficulties of interpreting unambiguously the results of blood group surveys and in anv case. he said It is inconceivable that such I a garrison would mix to the extent which this theorv requires in a country as hostile as Ireland would then have been I For glossy cars with private bars containing reigning movie stars, For carlets full of starlets looking trim and debonair, For big shots' shooting-brakes and moguls' fancy foreign makes, Diverse drivers all and one declare- Ea "Esso for Extra" -fuel beyond compare! 4 47 TACAN (Esso 3 EXTRA 'ESSO FOR EXTRA' CERT.

'U Starring THE SIX EXTRAS Snappy Starting Powerful Outdoor Action Happy Ending NOW AT YOUR: LOCAL ESSO STATION! PAINTING DISCOVERED Value estimated A painting in the collection of Sir Edmund Bacon at Raveningham Hall, Norwich, which was previously attributed to the minor Italian artist Caroto, has been found to be the work of Albrecht The discovery was made by Mr H. D. G. Carritt, of London, who saw a photograph of the painting and asked to examine it. Other experts agree him that it is a A figure of £200,000 has been mentioned as the value of the canvas, by entitled St Jerome in penitence before a cruciAx." but neither Sir on this last night.

Sir Edmund said, Edward a nor Mr Carritt could a comment however "I am not going to sell it. We are losing far too much of this sort of thing out of the country." Mr Carritt said that the painting of the lion in the picture led him to believe that it was a Durer. 66 It is based on a signed and dated drawing by him in Hamburg," he said. The picture will on view at the Ashmolean Museum, he, Oxford, to-day. Ling drying on racks at Skarhamn, on the west coast of Sweden Boats and Boating TO ELSINORE AND 'THE SKAGERRAK THEN the nine empty years hull ago of a a we Commo- bought dore's barge from the Admiralty we had no ambitions beyond the Thames and an occasional excursion into the canals which connect with it.

But one day we crossed the Channel, from that moment Commodore took over the planning of her own voyages. Wherever she went there seemed always to be just one more interesting waterway round the next corner, and little by little she persuaded us into latitudes farther and farther from home. Early this summer we found ourselves basking in the long hours of Scandinavian sunshine as she chugged slowly past Elsinore, her heart set on reaching the famous waterway built by Count von Platen, with Thomas Telford as engineer, to join Gothenburg on Sweden's west coast, with Stockholm on the east, by means of 345 miles of rivers, lakes, archipelago, canal cuts, and sixty-five locks. She had already passed through more than thirty inland waterways to arrive Copenhagen, and it seemed a pity to turn back when Gota Canal was now within such easy, reach. Between the narrows off Elsinore and the mass of skerries which cover the approach to Gothenburg the coast has more than twenty harbours, 'so we had nothing to fear from a change in the weather.

Thick fog led us to creep slowly towards the moles of Halmstad, and the advent of a strong wind on the beam made us decide to save our crockery putting in at Varberg. This little market town in the province of Halland (described in the English edition of its brochure as Sweden's Bathtub proved a most attractive place. Beside the harbour entrance, the granite walls of its massive fort rose smooth and forbidding, but inside them the portcullis led through to a delightful pink-washed Commodore given her head hamlet lying snugly within the ancient defences A cobbled street wound up to the keep, and it was there that we met the Bocksten Man. Some years back a farmer's plough turned up a a mass of flaxen human hair, and there in the peat lay the remains of a young man whose body had been anchored to the spot by three stakes driven through it more than six centuries ago. By some strange feats of natural chemistry the peat had prevented the decay of his clothing, and soon after the discovery the only known outfit of medieval costume in the world was removed to the Varberg fortress museum and arrayed on a dummy.

Almost khaki-coloured, it consisted of what appeared to be trousers, but proved to be separate leggings of cloth, together with a jacket sleeved on the left, but open on the right, and fastened above and below the shoulder. The feet were bound in strips of cloth inside coarse and clumsy shoes of hide, and the cowled cap ended in a long thin liripipe hanging far down below the waist. Just why their owner was executed will never be known, but his clothes and blond hair are as fresh to-day as when he met his death. Factory in the river The storm which took us to Varberg brought heavy rain too, and by a curious chance deprived Commodore of an immediate visit to the Gota now only half a day's journey distant. The Gota River leading up towards the big locks at winds through a bed of clay in a valley of ice-polished granite, and some of the down between the clay and the rock water from the hills and must have run beneath, for at a point between Gothenburg and the entire river bank slid decisively into the stream, carrying with it a factory and a collection of railway sidings and sheds.

On arriving at Gothenburg we found the river still turgid with the soup of wreckage, and already the masters of more than twenty trading schooners were waiting in sad resignation for a passage to be cleared. The however, was to take at least four weeks, and it would be three or four months before the scores of larger sea-going ships trapped on the upstream of the obstruction could be released. Reluctantly, Commodore turned her head away from the river and out into the maze of channels of the eastern Skagerrak. Islands everywhere Large and small, there were islands everywhere. The smallest skerries were smooth bare rocks a few yards across, providing no more than a perch for the handsome mergansers and the sociable guillemots, but the larger islets were each the preserve of some other species.

One was the exclusive property of greater black-backed gulls, and when we dropped anchor and swam ashore to roam through the heather and dianthus and seapink where the furry chicks crouched in resemblance of soar up high to drop like arrows, spotted stones, the big birds a pulling out of their dives just above our heads with a sudden roar of air under their and a scream of justifable annoyance. Other islands belonged to fat eider-ducks, which fluttered noisily from their big olive eggs softly bedded in purest eiderdown, Or to the terns whose new-hatched chicks trundled awkwardly to hide in the water debris close below their nests--mere scraps among the pounded mussel shells, ornamented perhaps with a fisherman's float or a milk-bottle top. Throughout the short midsummer dimness between sunset and sunrise piped their to calls and shrill fro against the background of nightingales from the tangle of shrubs under the scented ed pines. If at first we had been disappointed that Commodore had had for the moment to forgo the Gota Canal we now were perfectly content that the landslide had led us to discover a coast 50 unexpectedly beautiful. ROGER PILKINGTON.

ATOMIC FUEL FROM NYASALAND Prospecting licence British atomic power stations may obtain a useful supply of thorium from Nyasaland. This is stated in "Nyasaland, 1956," a report for the year prepared by the information services of the Nyasaland Government and published to-day. Thorium, used as an alternative to uranium as a source of atomic power, has been found radio-active sands and an exclusive prospecting licence has been granted to a Southern Rhodesian mining company. BLIND STUDENT AND DOG PART Quarantine rule A 22-year-old blind American law student, Jeff Davis Duty, was separated from his constant companion for five years, an Alsatian guide dog named Binney, after he arrived at Southampton in the liner United States yesterday. He will be six months without the dog.

which was sent to a quarantine centre. He will be able to visit her, and plans to do SO to-day. Mr Duty, whose home is at Rogers, Arkansas, has come with 200 other young Americans to study under the Fulbright scheme. Dr William Gaines, an official of the United States Education Committee, who met Mr Duty and the other students, said that the United States Embassy in London asked if the quarantine regulations could be waived, but the Ministry of Agriculture regretted that they could do nothing, Mr Duty could have had a British guide dog, but. decided that he did not want to get attached to another.

also felt that the absence of a dog would help him to get more independent. Obituary MICHAEL ARABIAN The Manchester theatre Michael Arabian, whose death has occurred in a London nursing home, at the age of 81, was one of the few surviving playwrights of Miss Horniman's Manchester Gaiety Theatre. It was Gaiety in the spring of 1909 that Arabian's first play, "Trespassers will be Prosecuted" was produced (with subsequent revival) by Mr Iden Payne. Mr Payne also had a leading part and others in the cast included Mona Limerick, Sybil Thorndike, Lewis Casson, and Henry Austin. The play received a length notice by C.

E. Montague in the Manchester Arabian also had a play produced at the London Playhouse, and this was followed largely by novels and short stories. Michael Alexander Arabian was in many wavs an astonishing man. Here was an Armenian, born in Crete, technically a Turkish subject till. at 21, he became 1 naturalised Englishman and, later, an author writing in English.

His narrative manner was adequate, his dialogue remarkable. He was not a prolific writer, and there were -butter interests. too. From Manchester, as buying agent for a Rumanian Arm. he shipped prints in Rumania between the wars he controlled a beet-sugar factory: in Liverpool during the Second World War he censored Oriental language letters; and Nice he retired, returning man to die, as he had wished, on English soil.

PIT ABSENTEES N.U.M. complains about 66 distortion" In a statement yesterday, the National Union of Mineworkers said it was surprised to learn from yesterday's press reports that a special meeting between top executives of both sides of the coal mining industry had been held in Oxford on Tuesday. It said that the meeting was not a special one. but was the ordinary bi-monthly meeting of the Coal Industry's National Consultative Council, and no official statement was made to the press, The statement continued: The union has no knowledge of the source of the information widely reported in the press. As is usual with so-called information from unofficial sources, the true picture has been completely distorted and the union regrets that once again its task is being made more difficult by ex-parte and unauthorised NO WAR IF WEST KEEPS STRONG Lord Montgomery's belief Field-Marshal Lord Montgomery, who opened a new extension to the Raleigh cycle factory at Nottingham yesterday, said we had reached the stage where any aggressor who wanted to make war would find it very very expensive." He went on: "I am prepared to say that so long as we do not reduce or run down the strength we have built up there is no question of a third world war In the future that I can He said might suffer very considerable damage ourselves in a war but we could destroy any country which wanted attack the West.

Because of that, there would be no attack so long as we retained that ability. He thought that was a very great achievement. £709,700 ENGLISH ESTATE OF AGA KHAN Racehorses to be auctioned The 79-year-old'Aga Khan, spiritual leader of millions of Ismaili Moslems, who died in Geneva in July, left estate in England valued at £709,700 gross (£578.334 net), His will was made known in London yesterday, but no details of estate duty are available. The will explains that according to Shia Moslem law his only heirs are his two sons, Aly Salomone Khan and Sadruddin Khan, and his wife. He places £50,000 at his wife's disposal for his funeral, burial, and mausoleum, and desires that when she dies she should be buried in the same tomb.

He directs that his racehorses belonging solely to him be sold by public auction and the proceeds form part cf the estate, and declares that not governed by the provisions of his does not doeld part of his estate and be property jointly with his heirs will. is understood that most of the Aga Khan's bloodstock which he ran in England were registered in partnership between himself and Prince Aly His property is left. according to Shia Moslem law. to be divided into three equal parts. two of which parts shall belong 10 his heirs in the shares prescribed by that law as if he had died intestate, as to one-eighth to his widow and the balance in equal shares to each of his sons, and the remaining one-third to pay legacies and duties and the residue to his heirs in the shares according to the said law.

He left £10,000 free of duty to Miss Halldis Poppe. Norwegian." It is believed that Miss Poppe was at one time nannie to one of the Aga Khan's two sons. OTHER WILLS Mr William Macdonald Daly, of Plough Cottage. Winslow, near Bletchley, Buckinghamshire well-known author and television personality. and former editor of the "Scottish Sunday Express," who was killed in a motoring accident in May, left personal estate in England and Scotland valued at £17,898.

Cord wic Arthur. of The White House, Stand, White neid dyer (duty £31,316) £125,550. Enderby, Thomas Ernest. Seaholme Road. Mablethorpe.

Lincolnshire. retired farmer (duty £12,080) £55.136 Jepson, Percy, of Preston Old Road. Cherry Tree, Blackburn colliery agent (duty Thresb, Ms Clarissa, of Road, Nab Wood, Shipley. (duty Wilson, William Webster Watt, of Manchester Road, Bury (du.y £2,549) Ramsbottom, Clifford Proctor. of Ansdell Road North, Anadell, them St Anne, company director (duty Compion.

Mrs Mary Elizabeth. of Newby Hall, Ripon, wife of Major Edward R. F. Compton (duly 294) Bickley. Leonard, of Lovatt Street, Staford.

palarer and decorator (duty.