The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 13

THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN WEDNESDAY JUNE 17 1959 3 Berkner report need hot delay nuclear test treaty BUT STILL "AFTER YOU" AT GENEVA GENERAL STRIKE CALLED IN SPAIN Communists put democrats in dilemma FROM A CORRESPONDENT FROM OUK OWN CORRESPONDENT regime, also hope the strike will rail because they are as suspicious of Communist intentions as they are weary of Franco's authoritarian rule Originally the idea, was for all of Spain's clandestine opposition groups Democratic Left most active of the budding Christian Democrat elements, the Social Democratic Action party of the former Falangist Dionesio Ridruejo, dissident Basque Catholic labour groups, and others) to cooperate in bringing oil a protest strike. The democrats did not relish the idea of collaboration with the Communists, but they did not want to remain passive, either. MADE OUT OF THE SPARE WHEEL aoi.oflrf tr, an otrsliiatinn nf rha Mait4r4n data-this might' Offer' a preliminary scientific ifor a quota, on the ciear ynuersiarjQing, tnex, quota figure: -would be to penuuic review, jij. uie ligiit. ui state of.knowledge-existing control mechanism is devisedsahd of subsequent scientific developments.

The Soviet delegation has been c.aiming. first, that the sole purpose of the Americans in introducing the new data: was to procrastinate and seconaiy, mat tne proper piace ior assessing any new data -would, be in the preparatory. to be set up after the conclusion of treaty. Both sides thus agree that the Nevada data should be evaluated" and'' remedial, detection measures The difference is, however, that '-the Russians refuse' to give a formal undertaking for such a- study before the treaty is signed and, the Americans do not want'to sigh a treaty until such an undertaking has been: given by the Russians. In any case' the -'signature' of the treaty is hot made! dependent by the West on-the outcome'-of the proposed three-year, seismo logical research' But- -this point -has not yet- penetrated Soviet suspicion.

.1 Satellites to detect rmplaar tdetc xrxxr Vrtoir Tttwe 1 ft The United States is to1 propose at Geneva that Russia and Britain should join her in launching twelve space satellites capable1 detecting any nuclear explosions in' outer space, the magazine: Newsweek" said to-day. A theoretical physicist, Wolfgang1, Panofsky. from Stanford. University," would leave Washington for Geneva-this week taking with him the pro- oosal that six inspection satellites be. launched to cover all'of space under an- altitude 600 miles.

The other six' would be sent into orbits 40,000 miles' above the earth. This would-be sixteen times higher than any satellite has yet been launched, and would detect explosions attempted between the sun and Mars, Reuter PARTING GIFT TO CYPRUS 'V- 500,000 air terminal From our Correspondent June 16. The British Government is to gp. ahead with a plan to build, a new-airport terminal costing 500,000 at; Nicosia, as a parting gift to the. hew" nepuoiic oi uyprus.

"Work-on the; projects due to begin before republic actually comes into 'being in February; and. will take? about two years to When finished' it- will provide Nicosia with; the finest airport in the Eastern Mediterranean. According -an authoritative source, the terminal is one of a-number of projects-which the British 'Government is to finance; for the new terminal, -were completed some time They, provide every -facility for the -swift handling of international jet the present facilities are already parable with any in the Middle.Ea'st. It- was officially here to-night that a total of. 189.000 is.

to be spent on improving domestic water supplies and irrigation systems in the island, 165,000. of this being made available by the Colonial Development Fund. The worries of Mr Nehru CRISES IN KERALA AND UTTAR PRADESH From Taya Zinkin elections in the Geneva, June 16. The Russians were not 'yet ready at to-day's meeting of the conference on the prohibition ot nuclear weapon tests to go into organisa tional details for the East-West study group on high altitude tests. which is to start its work here on Monday.

It is understood that the Russians to-day asked the West how many foreigners it wanted, at each static control post while the West asked the Russians how many home staff they themselves wanted to have there. -The West again' asked about the possibility or having a revised soviet veto list and the Russians hinted at a possible accommodation after ih control post staffing problem was sett'ed. Meanwhile, in answer to inquiries. an authoritative Western source explained to-day that the three-year intensified research pro gramme in seismology recommended by the Berkner report did not mean that the United States would not sign a comprehensive treaty banning tests before this three-year period was successfully completed. Could be signed now United States would, of course, refuse to sign a treaty which did not have satisfactory safeguards on control, but if "the Russians agreed now to join in the evaluation of the Nevada test date and in a subsequent, research programme aimed at.

remedying the' deficiencies in detection shown up by that data, a treaty could be signed at this stage. In the technical annex to the treaty, providing in' some detail for the detection system, reference would be made to the remedying of the deficiencies resulting from the Nevada test findings. The source also pointed out that in any case, even if there hati been no Nevada tests, it would have taken about five years after the signing of the treaty to bring the detection and identification system into operation, A study of improved instrumentation would therefore not delay or interfere with the establishment of the control system. As for the size of a possible veto- free inspection quota, the source indicated that if the Russians now VATICAN PRAISES QUEEN Lead in race relations Vatican City, June 16. In a leading article on racial relations, the Vatican City newspaper Osservatore Romano to-day praised Queen Elizabeth's appointment of a Negro as Royal Equerry.

The Queen, it said; had given an example which will no doubt have effect throughout the world by choosing Major Joseph Edward Michel, of Ghana, as equerry. The article, signed by the editor. Count Delia Torre, also criticised the recent Florida trial of four' young white men dr.rapihg a Negro "girL On it ''trial had' a bad effect on racial relations, because the jury recommended clemency to maintain white privilege, jury itself was white, and the defence lawyer had used arguments of racial discrimination. We are not for the death are for equity," it added. Judge E.

Welch, of the United States Circuit Court, has delayed the sentencing at Marianna, Florida, of Jimmie Iee Clark (16), a Negro farmhand convicted of raping a white, woman. The all-white jury did not recommend mercy making the death sentence mandatory under Florida law. Reuter and British United Press. THE ONE SCOTCH Prir in U.K. 37G bottle 196 has Madrid, June 16.

Communists and other Left-wing groups have been attempting to shatter. Spain's veneer of political calm by calling a 24-hour general strike for Thursday. And the Government has had to strike back at them to-day in a series of inspired articles in the Spanish press directed against these enemies of the regime." The' Monarchist paper A.B.C." singled out socialism as the worst of the three enemies of Spain communism, masonry, and socialism." Other comments r- The Communists' objective is fold to embarrass the Franco Government, by reminding the outside world that discontent is widespread in the land and to lest the willingness of the" population to participate in a collective protest against the regime when given the chance. Daily broadcasts by Espaiia Communist station in Prague, are telling Spanish listeners of the plans for the non-violent strike. Leaflets urging people to join the stoppage have appeared in various cities and regions of Spain.

Bakers, university students; and transport workers -in particular are feeling the pressure of Communist propaganda. Preventive arrests It is known that political organisers and couriers have entered Spain illegally in recent iveeks. Some have been -caught, but. according to a reliable fifteen agents who arrived clandestinely from abroad have, eluded the police. There have been arrests in-Madrid, San Sebastian, and Valencia, some of them preventive." Among those detained are Socialists, an assistant professor of economics at the University of Madrid, Mariano Rubio Jimenez, who is also a member the economic board of the state-controlled labour syndicates.

Whether the strike will be a "success -remains to be- seen. The authorities hope, of course, that it will be a dismal failure and they are taking vigorous police action- to make it so. But more interesting than the Franco regime's defensive reflex is the fact that anti-totalitarian opponents of the FLOODS HIT CHINA NEXT Hongkong recovering fFrom our Correspondent Hongkong; June. 16. recovering to-day.

bc'uf44CBsiosa rains. lives and left 5 upwards of 12.000, people homeless. -Pekrag-'Radid reports that Soutoreasi-China is suffering its worst floods' years. No -figures for casualties or damage are givers but one- says that than two million 'people have been organised to build-dams and-try to, save crops. Hongkong had 10.64 inches of.

rain yesterday; bringing the total for the period Thursday evening to 29.75 inches. The single disaster was the collapse of two tenement houses. buUriiany squatters were killed by landslides, which also blocked roads. Communications. are now much improved but "some areas are still isolated." When it is always Dark To befriend nd help the blind in the first terrible months of dark- ness, to train them for a new life, to equip them for crafts, to supply Braille and appliances and in every possible way to restore con-s- fidence and self reliance these are all part of the service which the RiN.I.B.

"is privileged to render to the blind, of Britain. the helping hand for all Britain's blind The Royal National Institute for the Blind Gt Portland St. London, W.l Cmm pitta Bom Biamf Equipment im tun l'm 4 Urn. nptUU-sTWIMNM It IK UUIGEFICLBIT. LCWOJIIW.H fkont i UPM li4 tm4 mi.

jgfa BANDING SYSTEM For the anti-totalitarians the dilemma was this if we collaborate with the Communists we risk political pollution in the eyes of our countrymen and of the Western democracies if we do not collaborate with them and the strike is a success, we will find ourselves out in the cold, despised by the people, especially the working class, as feeble opponents of the regime who talk a lot but never act. The defection The dilemma was resolved early last month when it was discovered that the Communists were forcing the pace and taking the lead in promoting the strike in spite of promises to act in unison with the other opposition croups. The Christian Democratic Left broke off negotiations. So did Ridrueio's Erouo and the Basques The Socialists are understood to have veered away. The Communists are angered by the democrats detection but they are going ahead the strike plan.

They expect support from the more rebellious members of the student body and from other elements impatient for any sort of action against the regime. Strikes are illegal in Spain. On the other hand labour legislation makes i virtually impossible for an employer to dismiss an employee. But with stocks piling up because people are buying less, employers would jump at the chance to dismiss redundant workers who lay themselves open to dismissal by breaking the law and striking. This hazard may well deter Spanish labour from large scale participation in the projected general strike.

Fight against Rugby ban on Maoris From our Correspondent Wellington, June 16. Controversy is still raging in New ZealanrL over vthe decision of the Rugby Football Union Council to exclude Maoris from the team to tour. South Africa next'S gear. A Citizens' 'All-Black Tour Association has been formed, to bring'pressure on. the council to change the decision, and' support for it is growing.

Meanwhile comment from representative Maoris has shown that Mr Ralph Love, the Maori member on the Rugby Council, did not reflect Maori opinion when he made his unfortunate statement that he was in favour of racial discrimination in Rugby. Dr M. Winiata. secretary of the Council of the King Movement in the Waikato, said that Mr Love and members of the Maori Advisory Board had completely ignored Maori and general public opinion in "their attempts to appease the moguls: of the Rugby Union. Spokesmen for fourteen tribal committees in the Wellington province have cailed on the M.P.

for Southern Maori. Mr E. T. Tirikatene. to take to ensure that Mr Love is reprimanded.

Newspaper comment has in general been that the Rugby Council took the "realistic" view. For examDle. the "Christchurch Press" said that, if New Zealand wished to make a. national demonstration against South African racial prejudices, that was a matter for the New Zealand Government, not for a private organisation. Impact on Asia It was left to the liberal Auckland Star to see the question in a wider context.

Commenting on the growing-strength of adverse opinion in New Zealand," the newspaper said The Rugby Union was beyond doubt right in excluding Maoris from selection. It could not alter the racial policy of the South African Government: but should it acquiesce in that policy and so draw a line in New Zealand for the sake of a tour In Government quarters there is an awareness that the Rugby Council's decision has made its impact on Asian countries which had hitherto held New Zealand racial tolerance in high regard. Those Asians who applauded New Zealand's action in appointing a Maori as High Commissioner to Malaya may be pardoned if they are now confused by the stand taken by the Rugby Council in exercising racial discrimination. S. African inquiry on farm labour Capetown.

June 16. The South African Government annourx-ed to-night that it had appointed a committee to investigate the controversial scheme under which Africans arrested for certain offences can avoid court appearances by volunteering for farm labour. Mr N. D. C.

de Wet Nel. Minister for Bantu Administration and Development, also announced the appointment of a commission to make a wider inquiry into the system known as the farm labour scheme. There has- been widespread criticism' of the scheme recently and habeas corpus petitions for the release of working, on farms under the scheme have alleged that volunteers" on certain farms have been ill-treated and assaulted. Reuter. Moscow may link up with Eurovision Moscow, June 16.

A network of cables will be laid between the Communist capitals in Europe to relay television programmes, Moscow Radio said to-day. It mentioned the possibility of a link up with Eurovision of Western Europe. It said In the next few years, millions of Soviet people will be able to see on their screens shows from theatres in various European capitals, at first in black and white and later in colour." British United Press. LOOK WHAT 3 Fifty years on London to Paris in 9 minutes From our Air Correspondent Paris, June 16. An American Starfighter aircraft celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of Bleriot's first Channel flight to-day by flying the 430 miles from Paris to London and back in half an hour.

Strong north winds and the very high speed of the Starfighter combined to produce the remarkable time of nine minutes from' a point high over London to one over Paris. Mme. Louis Bleriot, who is 75, watched the small, almost- wingless, fighter as it took off with Lieutenant-Colonel James Jabara, U.S.A.F., at the controls. He climbed to 35,000 feet and flew at 1.300 miles an hour for the twenty minutes he took to. reach London.

The return journey was done at 50.000 feet and he found himself over Le Bourget seven minutes before the 37 minutes it had taken Bleriot to go from Calais to Dover. He circled unfil the full-time had elapsed and toolRjthe in through the of the Paris Air Show at' its dramatically high-landing soeed. Another arrival was the Fairey Rotodyne, which claims to. be the world's first vertical-take-off air liner. This was its first trip outside Britain; though it was seen by the world's aircraft industry at last year's Farn-borough air display.

It took off from London Airport and landed on the helicopter airports of Brussels and Paris before coming to Le Bourget. The Brussels-Paris time of 58 minutes showed what a helicopter with conventional turbo-prop propulsion can do. The present helicopters take an hour and three-quarters for the flight. Rival approaches An exhibit of some interest by Short Brothers and Harland, of Belfast, shows a model of a proposed new light strike fighter. It is a competitor with the Hawker P.l 127 which is promising vertical or short take-off.

and is no doubt being pushed for N.A.T.O. adoption alongside it. The model shows eight small engines mounted in the belly in batteries of four on the precedent of the. four engines mounted in the Short SC.l experimental aircraft. This is the Rolls-Royce way of meeting the new demand for military aircraft which can rise straight ioff the ground at high forward speed.

The Bristol method, indicated in last week's announcement of a new engine, is to deflect' the jet blast from the main engine downwards. Billy Graham praises Moscow morals Paris, June 16. The American evangelist, Billy Graham, who arrived in Paris to-day. spoke of the moral purity he had found in Moscow. In the Moscow parks, I saw thousands of young people, but I did not see a single couple locked in an embrace," he said.

(During his recent visit to Britain he deplored public behaviour in London parks). Emphasising that he hated communism but loved the Russian people, he said I was told by local religious leaders that there is a real religious revival and a marked decline in atheism in the Soviet Union. I was not surprised to hear ihal since I could read on the faces of the people a great spiritual hunger and some sort oC insecurity that only God can solve." British United Press. Dominican rebels claim capture of town Caracas. June 16.

The Dominican Liberation Movement claimed to-day that guerrilla forces have seized the town of Costanza. about sixty miles north-east of Ciudad Tru.iillo. The organisation of Dominican exiles said the guerrillas had exterminated Government troops. Enrique Jimenez Moya was reported to be in command of the "liberation army." The 46-year-oid commander was a member of the Castro rebel forces in Cuba. Associated Press.

SWISS NOT Bern, June 16. The Swiss were told to-day that their country does not have an official national anthem. This, the Minister for the Interior, Dr Philipp Etter, told the National Council (Lower House) is an untenable situation." He disclosed that, while some Swiss stand to attention for the music: of Rufst Du mein Vaterland" (Callest thou, my Father Bombay. June 16. Mr Nehru is being worried from all sides.

And the biggest prooiems of all are the Kerala crisis and the political mess in his home, state of Uttar Pradesh. In Kerala eleven people have been killed, many have been injured, and about nine hundred arrested in the first few days of the agitation against the Communist Government Congress must preserve Gandhian and democratic traditions, and in Delhi they are tempted to ask Congressmen to turn the other cheek instead of throwing stones but that is easier said from Delhi 'than from Trivandrum. The Congress secretary-general, M. Sadtq Alt. is rushing to Kerala to preach restraint, while Mr Nehru ponders the difficulties.

Mr Dhebar, the Congress president, has said that the Communists have forfeited the confidence of the people of Kerala. However democracy must be preserved, elected Governments must not be ousted by mobs. Yet it is the duty of the Centre to maintain law and order and, if necessary, to supersede local governments and impose Presi- dents ruie or call for fresh elections. A serious threat The Communists have already warned Delhi of the consequences of the Congress agitation in Kerala they will do likewise elsewhere. This, in some places, is not a threat to be taken lightly.

In the Punjab a recent Communist anti-betterment levy campaign disrupted law and order for some time, and now they are threatening to start again. In Andhra there still are comrades who hanker for the old Telengana tactics, when they kept an entire army on the run, and. in West Bengal, where the Communists are protesting against food prices, the situation is very explosive. In Kerala the real fireworks are expected next week when the Opposition launches its all-out campaign to oust the Communists Meanwhile Mr Nehru is going to Naini Tal, the summer capital of Uttar Pradesh, to try to settle an old row which is costing the Congress immense prestige in India and a series of by- Democrats attack U.S. defence policies Washington, June 16.

The Democratic Advisory Committee to-day attacked the United States Government's present defence policies, and said that a crash programme costing some $30,000 millions (10,714 millions) was needed to catch up with Russia in intercontinental missiles and to enlarge American ground forces. A pamphlet issued by the committee used terms like folly," neglect." and blindness" to denounce President Eisenhower's defence policies, and said of the blame could be laid on the lack-of executive leadership. Giving detailed proposals 'for increasing the production of missiles and the re-equipment of United States forces, the pamphlet also called for a substantial increase in the various national forces assigned to N.A.T.O. It said the strategic United States nuciear power no longer offered Europe protection against superior Russian land forces. N.A.T.O.

should be equipped with sufficient nuclear firepower to deter the Russians from using their tactical nuclear weapons." The committee is an independent lcdy of prominent Democrats including Mr Adlai Stevenson and Mr Dean Acheson, former Secretary of State that acts in an advisory capacity to the Democratic National Committee. Reuter and British United Press. CANADIAN EMPLOYMENT Ottawa, June 16. The number of working Canadians rose to 5,852,000 in May while the unemployed fell by 111,000 to 334.000, the Government reported to-day. Reuter.

IN HARMONY land), others pay the same. honour to the Swiss Psalm." To add to the confusion created by the absence of an oflicially recognised national anthem, the Minister said, the music of Rufst Du mein Vaterland is the same as 'that of "God save the Queen." Dr Etter, who was replying to a Question submitted by a deputy, said the Federal Government was in touch with the cantonal governments on the subject, and he hoped a solution would be found soon. British United Press. state. The issue is leaders backed: at simple various different times bv Pandid Pant, the central Home Minister and Uttar Pradesh's puppet master, are spoiling for office.

The chief figures are: the Chief Minister, Dr Sampurnanand (whose name means perfect bliss), a Sanskrit scholar and doctor in astrology Mr C. B. Gupta, a strong party boss and Mr Charan Singh, peasant turned lawyer and minister, the only man universally respected in Uttar Pradesh for his integrity and ability. Ministers resign Act one began when the then Chief Minister, Pandid Pant, for Delhi some five years ago, giving a free hand to Mr Gupta, his henchman. Mr Gupta installed Dr Sampurnanand, knowing that he would.leave, the administration to the services and j.

the politics to Gupta and devote, his; horoscopes and And until' his'-sort'S; recently discredited him, Di-Sampurnanand was much Act Two Mr Gupta', was defeated hari viimif began to assert backing of Pandit Pant' who felt that Mr Gupta head was growing bigger than his Gandhi, cap. The Chief Minister took away the party treasurership from Mr Gupta. Act Three Nine Congress Ministers resigned, and many legislators asked for a secret ballot on a vote of no confidence to give them a chance to oust the Chief Minister. Act Four Mr Charan Singh resigned in protest, against a series of Government moves. Mr Charan Singh would make an excellent Chief Minister, and he has the backing of lylr Gupta and the Congress majority.

Act Five Mr Nehru rushed to the scene and dithers. Mr Nehru is allergic to Mr Charan Singh's blunt peasant common sense he is partial to scholarship, even in astrology, and does not want to antagonise Pandit Pant. Meanwhile the rift widens. Already, the appointment of five nonentities to vacant portfolios has made matters worse- The denouement is yet to come. CASK OF WINE ALL ROUND If the Big- Four agree From our own Correspondent Bonn, June 16.

The Town Council of Neumagen, which lies on the river Moselle, has offered the Foreign Ministers a cask of local wine as well as a selection of the finest bottled wines of the last ten years, if they succeed in making real progress in Geneva towards solving the German problem. The council will itself decide whether the Ministers have done enough to earn their drinks. The 1,000 litre cask which has been set aside contains a 1958 Auslese," a wine made from specially-selected grapes of high quality. Each Minister may receive in addition twelve bottles of Spatlese," or wine made from late-picked grapes, of the famous years 1949 and 1953, and of two more recent years, 1955 and 1957. Neumagen made a similar offer of wine to the negotiators of the Treaty of Westphalia, which was signed in October.

1648. and which brought the Thirty Years' War to an end. It was the last important international treaty to be written in Latin, and it took five years to negotiate. The people of Neumagen believe that their gift was a timely one the peace-makers had talked so much for so long that they had developed a tremendous thirst. The Neumageners should be reasonably proud of their 1958 wine.

The quality may not be up to that of the great post-war years 1945, 194J. 1949. and 1953, but there was a record grape harvest here as in other parts of Germany. The average annual production of wine in Germany' is three million hectolitres, and in 1956 less than one million hectolitres of German wine was made. Last year's figure was over five and a half million hectolitres, and there is every prospect of a harvest of really excellent quality this year.

Seven-year plan in five or six Moscow, June IB. Mr N. Khrushchev said here to-day that the Soviet Seven-Year Plan would be fulfilled in five or six years. The Soviet Premier was speaking at the opening of an exhibition covering all branches of Soviet production, science, and culture. Reuter.

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