The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 8

Friday March 17 1961 BotvmntTt, the -former chambion. The world chess THE GUARDIAN Any hour of the anywhere in ie waits 8 re a HERTZ ng MASTER MEETS MASTER ear can by Leonard Barden unth Tal, who defeated him Moscow last year championship in Moscow it plain by his reluctance to compete internationally that chess definitely comes second to his scientific work (he is an electrical engineer with a high reputation in his special field of synchronous generators). He dislikes travelling abroad, and in spite of his long chess career and air of self-containment he is easily rattled by a noisy audience or any irritating mannerisms of his opponent. In last year's match he twice complained to the English referee, Harry Golombek, about Tal's habits of glaring at him after making a move and of pacing up and down the stage while Botvinnik was thinking. Tal had gained some notoriety for these quirks during the Candidates' tournament, and they had not disappeared even when two of his rivals complained about them in Belgrade newspapers and a third donned dark glasses when he had to play him.

However, when Botvinnik remonstrated and Golombek gently pointed out to Tal what was happening, he was most apologetic it was noticeable during the world team championship at Leipzig that Tal was not roaming around the room as much or glaring at his opponents as often. There are hardly any chess experts who give Botvinnik a chance of regaining the title, and one reason for this is the general fact that chess ability declines after about the age of 45. This is most obvious in the older masters tendency to tire in the closing stages of a five-hour session and in their diminished visual imagination and increased frequency of blunders. Most strong players are primarily either strategists, excelling in the steady and logical exploitation of weaknesses in the opponent's position, or tacticians, whose successes stem from their imaginative treatment of unusual situations and their flair for calculation. As strategists grow older, they usually retain their capacity for consistent planning but lose the eye for detail and super-accuracy which transforms a slight advantage into a win rather than a draw.

Capablanca and Flohr both declined from great strategists into drawing masters, and recent results indicate that Smyslov, who was world champion for a year in 1957-8, may be doing the same. Tacticians usually become more variable in performance with advancing age they still produce brilliancies but a greater tendency to let their fantasy outrun a basic soundness increases their likelihood of incurring is Just when you need it right where you need it a sparkling drive-yourself Hertz Rent A Car. Reserve it in advance Simply 'phone your nearest Hertz office or travel agent before your next trip. On arrival at dock, station or airport anywhere in the world a beautifully maintained modern car will be waiting for you. Low rates plus free oil and insurance.

And there are no extra charges. At home or abroad, on business or pleasure you'll see more, get more done by getting around with Hertz Rent A Car. FOR RESERVATIONS IN MANCHESTER 'phone CENtral 7777 At 21, Tal was already in receipt of a State pension for life' of around 3 a week. This was a reward for winning the grandmaster title, which THE return match for the world chess championship began in Moscow on Wednesday between Mikhail Tal, the 24-year-old title-holder, and Mikhail Botvinnik, aged 49, the former champion who lost to Tal last year. They will be playing 24 games at the rate of three a week, which means (assuming the match goes the full distance) they will be hunched over their boards for a good two months.

Audiences of several thousands will watch them play on the stage of a large Moscow hall, with a huge demonstration board enabling spectators to follow the moves. Some chess experts believe that if Botvinnik loses again, this match will prove to be virtually his farewell appearance. He has for years made something of the air of the genius liable to burn himself out, at the present time his chess stamina is practically inexhaustible. After the final round at Leipzig, in which he. lost to Penrose, Tal went to the American players' rooms in the hotel and offered to play five-minute games with Fischer.

The world champion had been celebrating the Russian team's victory with wine, and this made his play fuller than ever of daring attacks and speculative sacrifices of material. He was so light-hearted that Fischer, who was usually beaten by Tal during their Leipzig blitz sessions, defeated him in most of the games. About five in the morning, the Americans were exhausted and wanted to sleep. Tal, however, was still full of energy and insisted on playing for a while longer. By this time', too, the effect of the wine had worn off and it was Fischer's turn to lose several games in succession.

Hardly had Tal stopped playing with Fischer than he returned to the tournament room to take part in a great five-minute contest open to all the competitors in the team event Some spectators considered that he was not in his best form but nevertheless he reached the final and won it Tal's year as world champion has clearly increased his general confidence and maturity. He has taken on new responsibilities, as a father, as editor of the Latvian chess magazine, and as a deputy in the Riga Soviet. At Leipzig I asked this youngest champion in the history of the game what he would do if he successfully defended his title both against Botvinnik and against the next challenger in 1963. He had considered, he replied, returning to his research work on an obscure Russian novelist. (He was a brilliant student and was given a special dispensation to enter Riga University at 15, a year younger than the customary minimum.) But he was sure that some new young and powerful challenger would appear in the meantime.

In an age when chess prodigies are becoming younger, this is an apposite comment for even 17-year-old Bobby Fischer, who has just retained the United States championship for the fourth year running, is a greybeard compared with a child called Ernest Kim. Kim has already beaten many of the best players of his native town of Tashkent in Central Asia at the ripe old age of 6. OF day or night the world HERTZ OFFICES THROUGHOUT THE WOULD London, E.C.I Telephone i CENtral 238a i ssi ifb tor yous Krdbl comprises FREDERICK Architectural Hoofing, Mrtal Pressed Steel Stairs, Agricultural Products Stloa, Bulk C'attlo and Pig Building; Equipment Cylinders, Guitars and Vaporising Oil Drums Division Fabricated Metal in tee 2(5g to plate. requirements for Storage Tallica, easing Plant, and Canning desired Bpeci Cable Trays and Stomo Kquipment, Spinnings, Wire Galvanizing Division long 6 ft wide Structural Steelwork Oilfield Equipment pernnnnH Cabins, Tanks, A.P.I. AUTO DIESELS CVntrifujEal Irriatiun Pumps, Generating Kets turbines- 500 waits Kqmpment, NORMAN MARINE ENGINE Industrial and MAXIM Industrial, Marina Marino and Land BOWLER Generators ard OF BRITAIN GROUP BRABY CO.

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In important chess events each player has to make 40 moves in 2j hours on his own clock, and when the crisis in the game occurs, usually in the fifth hour, the strategist is often both mentally tired and short of time and therefore specially vulnerable to his rival's superior alertness and flexibility in calculation. This was the essential story of many games in last year's match, and the odds are that it will happen still more often now. The preliminaries of all present-day contests, be they sporting or political, seem to demand an inventory of the contestants' state of health. In all his last three matches Botvinnik has used up some of the illness time which allows each competitor to postpone a few games on production of a doctor's certificate to the referee. It even occurred on occasion immediately after he had won a game.

But If Botvinnik appears liable to headaches and other complaints peculiar to harassed intellectuals, it is not, as you might think, because his horizon confined to his chessboard and his scientific bench. In his writings he has always emphasised the importance of physical preparation for a tournament, and before his first match with Tal he would be out on his skis dailv for a trip of a dozen kilometres through the forest near his country home outside Moscow. TAL'S obvious nervous energy and youth make him better equipped to stand up to the strain of a long match. (Botvinnik has faded badly over the last third of the match in his last four title contests.) But Tal's persistent hacking cough and his absence from the opening rounds of the Leipzig tournament set rumours flying. I was confidently assured by informants in the American team that Tal (a) had suffered concussion in a car accident, or (b) had tuberculosis, but he duly turned up, announced that his wife had just given birth to their first son, and made a better score on top board than all his leading rivals.

If the world champion does have Russian master, should prove the means of eliminating his last hopes of regaining the leadership of world choss. There might also be surprises If Botvinnik abandons the Caro-Kann. Tal mentioned in Leipzig that had Botvinnik ever answered 1 P-K4 with 1 P-K4, he was considering using the Evans Gambit, 2 Kt-KB3, Kt-QB3 3 B-B4, B-B4; 4 P-QKt4, virtually discarded among masters for the last half-century. Botvinnik, too, undoubtedly has opening surprises up his sleeve, for he prepares thoroughly for his matches and will not have forgotten how he surprised Smyslov in the 1958 match by adapting the Caro-Kann for the first time in his life. It may be significent that in Leipzig, for virtually the first time in his career, Botvinnik opened a couple of games with the king's pawn instead of his customary queen's pawn or English (1 P-QB4).

Has he something in mind against Tal's Sicilian or was that 1 P-K4 against Eliskascs in Leipzig just a bluff to make Tal spend time in preparation for something which Botvinnik does not intend We shall know the answers to these questions during the next few weeks. What will happen I expect a fierce struggle for the lead in the early games, with possibly some strategical wins for Botvinnik; but as the match progresses, anno domini and Tal's combinations should take their toll, and I expect Tal to win by a margin of about 12J-7J or 12J-8i. uk eciiiieu niici ilia mai autLcaa ui the Soviet championship. Incidentally, the rewards for the highest success-in chess are, as you might think, chickenfeed by the standards of that other contest in Miami. The prizes for the world championship eliminat-.

ing contests are fixed by the International Chess Federation at Isvel well below those of other international tournaments resentment by masters and grandmasters-at what they consider exploitation of the fact that they are virtually obliged to enter the prestige world title contests led, in Leipzig, to the formation of an "International' Association of Chessmasters' IT might happen that one day we shall hear talk of a chessmasters' strike. If so, it won't be -the first time, for in the the Russian Revolution, the participants in the 1919 Leningrad championship, successfully threatened to stop'their tournament unless xneir- ouiier ration was If he retains his title, Tal 'will earn about 2,000 directly, but much more indirectly. It is normal for-international chess tournament organisers to give appearance money to leading simultaneous exhibitions- and ti utica lm ureas xudgtuiircs are highly rewarding. Tal's obvious genius for chess-' is' Tn 1 1 ht ari hu Tlic Intra fnr Vi frc ti In spite of his other he' is probably, along with his American rival Bobby Fischer, the fanatical chess enthusiast in the world. When he was preparing for the series of eliminating tournaments which made him the official-' trainer would often study around: one hundred master games a Now he does not train so strenuously.

But on the day he arrived in-Leipzig I was in the hotel barber's waiting for a haircut when Tal- came in, bringing with him the containing all the games played "so' far In the tournament. As1-' the scissors and razor went to work on his hair, the charnntriTi's. pvak-rancprl along column after column chess moves he was playing through every game in the tournament blindfold. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a TACTICS AND STRATEGY a a a a a a a a a a a a a First Northern showing of New XeroX 914 Copier The world's most advanced-copying machine--the XeroX 914 Office Copier -will' be demonstrated1 at thsfjf Queen's Hotel, Manchester from a.m. to 6 p.m.

on, fr the 20th, 21st and 22nd Maroh. Oe XeroX 814 Office j. Copier is the only machine to which anyone, without training, can bring an original document, and receive-' any re quired number of perfect, permanent copies on low cost ordinary paper, at the touch, of a button. sf- -Another new marihine the Copyflo 1824 printer will also have its first showing in Manchester. This will revolutionise the storage, location andrepro duction of engineering drawings.

Conventional XeroX Master-Making equipment for cutting the coat of printing and duplicating will be demonstrated, with a 'MultUith' small ofiset machine. We cordially invite you to attend. WIAT will there be to interest enthusiasts in the games of the match? (They will be published in the Primarily it will be in the clash' of style between Botvinnik's efforts to impose a strategical mastery and Tal's to break away into unfathomable complications. But Tal is ambitious, and he can be expected to play some games in a strategical mould, to show the chess world that he is not only a tactician. Look for the mistakes and blunders they will certainly occur between moves 30 and 40, when both grandmasters, but particularly Botvinnik, will have used up almost all their time and may be left with only seconds to make the last few moves before the control at move 40.

It will also be worth watching the course of the opening play. Last year Tal never found a completely convincing method of dealing with the Caro-Kann (1 P-K4, P-QB3) which Botvinnik regularly adopted as his defence to the king's pawn. Since then there has been a swing among masters to the belief that the attack with 2 P-Q4, P-Q4 3 4 P-QB4 poses very difficult problems to Black. It will indeed be ironic if this idea, which Botvinnik himself did much to pioneer and which is named the Panov-Botvinnik Attack after himself and another a a a a a a a a a a a a a Auto Diesels 6o kVA, oo cycU Aircr 1ltelln, OF BRITAIN GROUP () RANK-XEROX LIMITED 82 DBANSGATH MANCHESTER 3 BLA 85B3 Hmnd Offlca: Braby House, Smlthflold Telegrams: Courteous Cent London CRAYPORO UXSRIDGE LIVERPOOL. GLASGOW BRISTOL SLOUGH AD -nn nonDDDOaDDQODBOQDDDOOBBDDBOBDBBnRnDBODDDBBDBDBBDQODBDp.