The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 14

11 THE GUARDIAN Thursday September SO 1965 Grants to mobile workers Science will have to move forward selectively By NESTA ROBERTS, our Health and Welfare Correspondent Is it conceivable that science will reach some sort of I saturation limit" and will run short of ideas The question is posed )n the twentieth annual report of the Nuffield Foundation which, commenting on an American forecast that science can remain on the present growth curve for a mere 40 kears before all foreseeable resources for its support will be fully committed, supposes thai somehow 1 the pace will meanwhile slow a saturation limit is very that the rapacious demands Mr Roy Mason, the Minister with responsibility for shipping, wearing Royal National Lifeboat Institution gear during an early morning inspection of rubber life-saving craft on Blackpool beach yesterday. By our own Reporter The complexity of the movements that result when labour becomes mobile is shown by table published in the Septem-, ber Ministry of Labour "Gazette," showing ort a regional basis the payment of seltlmg-in grants to workers moving to new jobs. More than one fifth of the grants paid to unemployed workers who have no early prospect of obtaining suitable and regular work within daily trsrveH-jng distance of their homes went to workers travelling within their home region. There was also some movement into the iess prosperous and some out of the more prosperous regions. In the Xorth-western region, settling-in grants were paid to 147 workers moving out and 61 to those moving in.

In the Northern region. Scotland, and Wales, the great majority of the grants were to workers moving out, but in the South-western tSie figures balanced almost exactly 72 into the region and 73 out In Yorkshire and Hunvberside there were 69 outing grants against 106 Incoming. Even in the London and South-eastern region, the Ministry paid grants to 22 workers who had to move out to find suitable work, against 193 grants to those moving in. Adjusting figures The September Gazette announces another statistiral change a new method of adjusting for normal seasonal variations the monthly unemployment figures. Up to now, the seasonal trend for the wholly unemployed excluding school-leavers which is used for assessing the underlying trend in unemployment, has been estimated by the Ministry without taking into account the general level of employment This method proved to be reasonably satisfactory except during periods of high unemployment, such as occurred in the severe winter of 1962-3.

From October, the normal seasonal movement will be calculated not only on the average seasonal variations but also on the prevailing level of unemployment This new method, the Ministry believes, will be helpful in assessing the extent to which changes in unemployment reflect changes in the underlying economic position. More workers and fewer vacancies The estimated total number in civil employment in Great Britain in mid-July was 24,502,000, 57,000 more than in June. There were 422,000 unfilled vacancies on August 4, 31,000 fewer than on July 4. The report believes that doubtful," and thinks rather of science for manpower, more money and more facilities will be competing ever more strongly with the rising- demands of other necessities of life in an advanced society. Therefore science, instead of advancing willy nilly in all directions," will have to move forward selectively.

The problem of dMiding priorities in this way is slowly calling into play a new branch of study -which has been called the science of science Guide lines The foundation, in its own choice of scientific projects to support, is guided by the need for it to seek "the advancement of social wellbeing." The choice includes research in fond safety," a subject which the foundation regards as important, interesting, and urgent The aim us to increase understanding of the long term biological effects of the increasing use of additives in food, and of chemical1 and physical pio-cedurc in its preparation and storage to ensure that thej are not damaging to human health In medical research the foundation is particulars concerned with fostering the growth of interdisciplinary activity, since in medical and other biological fields of investigation there is scope for the application of the principles and methods of physical science This interest is effected )n a grant of 7,500 over three years to Dr R. Whitmore, reader in mining engineering at Nottingham University, for a study on how the flow of blood through the body can be better understood by reference to methods developed in the physical sciences to explain the transport of liquids and particles in chemical engineering There are seven grants, totalling more than 40.000, for rheumatism research, and a gift from Oliver Bird means that the foundation is hkely to have an additional 14.000 a year for research on this subject. Exhibition of treasures from private libraries By our own Reporter FLY and step aboard to a unique experience Fly JAL around the world-and make your journey truly memorable. JAL has 75 offices at your service in 27 countries Polar rouiffitahts incorJuRChon lilttt Mr trance. I.ufthansa.sn Roiul' flip) Isit, car.ju prelim ilk Atr toner.

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noisseur remarked yesterday that it was in rather an undisciplined hand, but all very attractive. Sir John Murray has lent autographed manuscripts of Burns, Byron, Scott, and ius's Lives of the Twelve others, and a letter by Jane Austen to her publisher, a previous John Murray, in which she shows herself an amiable business woman. Writing of Northanger Abbev," she says "In the first place, I beg you to understand that I leave the terms on which the Trade is to be supplied with the work entirely to your judgement, entreating you to be guided in every way by your experience of what is most likely to clear off the Edition rapidly." Alas, it was never published in her lifetime. A a contribution towards solving the problem of matcWiiig our medical resources to the real needs of the community, and especially those of organisation and traminfe general practice, a grant of 36,000 over five years is being made to the General Practitioners Unit at Guy's Hospital. The unit is surveying the medical neetrs of an ent'rre new commum'ty to be established on the site of the old Royal Arsenal at Woolwich.

In social research and experiment the report notes a decrease an both the number of applications and the number of grants, which totalled 173,000 last year, compared with about 322,000 In 1963-4 "More people of ability must be drawn into the social sciences." it states At present it is probably true that, save for econoniits. and those areas of social study which are readily amenable to mathematical or analytical method, they are rather less attractive to students of manifestly first-class ability than are the longer-established scholarly and scientific disciplines. Recruitment improving It seems reasonably certain, however, that recruitment is improving and that it will be encouraged by the sort of financial and moral support which will come through a social sciences research council The foundation looks forward to the opportunity of achieving a more direct approach to the support of the social sciences, and to making more systematic a policy which, hitherto, had been perforce opportunistic." Miscellaneous grants range from 40.000 to University College London's Bartlett School of Architecture for a study of the development of Central London since 1947, to 1,600 to Dr J. Kinnear of the University of Western Australia, to enable him to investigate the internal mechanisms involved in the capacity of one species of wallaby to survive while drinking only sea-water and eating "low quality for the nation that this expansion should go on. After the most thorough and searching review ever made of British industries, agriculture emerged clearly as one of the industries with a key rflle in the plan for faster economic growth, Sir Harold said He continued Farmers ana growers are willing and able to convert the paper estimates of technical possibilities into solid quantities of food, provided the Government for theiT pari act with courage, fairness, and a sense of reality, and fix sensible levels of prices at home.

"The industry cannot do this job without real resources. It asks for no more, and wiil settle for no less, than terms which will ensure a fair return on capital invested and on the labours of employers and workers atke." If every industry put its back into the task in the way agriculture did, the economy would not be in its present state The British have always been great collectors and recently a distinguished Frenchman described us, not without admiration, as a nation of squirrels So says Dr Desmond Flower who, witih Mr Howard Nixon, has assembled the collection of treasures from British private libraries which is now on show at the National Book League in London. Among the treasures is a Latin Psalter of 1457, lent by the Queen its colophon says, translated, that the book was made artifloially by means of a contrivance for printing and inscribing without any use of a pen." There is also a manuscript of a short story by H. G. Wells, smothered in pencilled and inked corrections.

From the library of the Duke of Wellington is the manuscript, captured at Vittoria in the Spanish campaign, of Sueton-ius's "Lives of the Twel ve Caesars." Of this, a visiting ron- JAL Ex-mayor to appeal Carlisle's ex-mayor, Mr Frank Derry, yesterday said he was to appeal to the, National Executive of the Labour Party against a decision by Carlisle Labour Party to expel htm from the party. Agriculture's 'key role' By STANLEY BAKER, our Agricultural Correspondent (Z JAPAN AIR LINES 8 Hanover St London Wl. Tel. HYDe Park 3B31 15 Piccadilly. Manchester 1.

Tel: Blackfriars 1891 and at Birmingham MIDland 4739 Martins Bank Limited Sir Harold Woolley, president of Farmers' Union, explained the agricul- 1 tural chapter of the National Economic Plan to a meeting of farmers at Spalding, Lincoln- shire, yesterday and told a questioner that it indicated a major change in Government policy towards, fanning. Mr A K. Wright, of Doningfon, had asked what sense there was in the Government's calling for increased production while maintaining quantitative lestrictions. which meant that the more farmers produced the less they were paid. The rate of expansion in production, Sir Harold sard, had led governments an the past to complain and utter warnings about over-production Noiv, for the first time, it was acknowledged in categoric terms that was good This book, published by the Information Department of Martins Bank, deals in detail with problems which are likely to face those wishing to start a business in Britain Development Districts, labour, transport, taxation, legal requirements and finance.

This is just one of the ways in which Martins Bank helps business and commerce. The Bank has over 650 Branches where the same helpful service can be obtained. pppppmps" Chess Bv LEONARD BAKDEN 10 PROBLEM No. 852 by M. Hovel (first published '110) 0 -)Al ''X--, 9 -A' i y-v-f i White to play and force mate on his third moe at the latest, against any black defence.

Solution No. 831. 1 B-B7 (threat 2 N-K5 matel K-K3 2 K-KB (if 2 R-K5 3 R-N3 matel 3 R-KBS P-K4 (if 3 R-K3 4 PxK mate) 4 PxP ejp. mate. Fischer fades While the United Slates chjm-pion Bobby Fischer abandoned miurnaiional tournament play after 19(12.

a lively, debate continued among other masters us to his true strength The Americans, tend to regard if'ischcr and Tal as the two real genius players In contemporary chess, believed that his 100 per cenl score in the 1963-4 US championship showed thai Fischer had reached world title stature during his reliremenl Europeans were more sceptical, regarding Fischer's failure against the Russians in the 19B2 Candidates ton i namcnl and his moderate rcsuli in the world learn championship that Mrar as evidence lhat his strength was exaggerated by the publicity drums, Fischer's performance on his return to the international front in the Havana tournament is ammunition for the sceptics. After his Bne start, he gradually fell behind the leaders. Ivkov and Smyslov (two iirandmaslcrs who were easily eliminated In the current series of world lule eliminators). With one round left Ivkov had 15. feller and Smvslov Ht, and Fischer 14.

At 22 Fischer cannot be wnlten oft as a world title contender The tournament conditions handicapped him. since the sending of moves between New York and Havana by "Telex" added a couple of hours to the duration of all his games. Even so, Fischer's lack of practice and his over-rigid approach to ihess theory have set him bacs from his zenith performances Jt Bled. 1SIGI, and Stockholm. 1962 After Havana, world champion Petrosian will sleep more comfortably.

Fischer's losses to Gellcr. Ivkov, and Kholmov are not to hand but here is another of his wins with a note on the new discoveries in the Marshall. R. J. Fischer (United States) L.

Siabo (Hungary) Havana J96S 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 1 B-N5 4 B-KN B1 0-0 B-K2 ti ft-KI P4t.4 7 0-tl 8 P-Bli The Marshall Attack 8 i'Q-i PfP NicP 10 NxP NN 11 RxN P-QB3 is hack in business after Havana (al 12 P-N3 B-B3 13 R-Kl R-R2 14 P-Q4 R-K2 with good play for the pawn (Fischcr-O'Kellv) (b) 12 P-Q4 B-Q3 13 R-Kl Q-R5 14 P-N3 Q.RB 15 B-K3 B-KN 5 (Wade against Fischer tried the Soviet exnenment 15 P-KR4 16 Q-B3 P.R5 17 BxN PxB 18 N-Q2 B-KS 19 B-B4 20 Q-N2 QxQ ch 21 KjQ P-R6 ch and Fischer could do nothing wllh the evtra pawn In he 1G Q-03 NxB t7 RxN QB4 IS QR-Q1 19 B-Nl 20 U-V2 This position occurred in the recent Spasskv-Geller matrh Gellcr conliniiint; 20 0-R4 with insufficient plav for the pawn Aaainsl Ciocallea. he improved wilh 20 Q-R3! (Ihc idea is that the ouecn can attack the white OP via 03 or KB3) 21 OR-K1 PxP 22 PrP B-R2 21 N-N3 R-K3 24 R-KS BxN 25 QvB BxP and the level position was agreed drawn. 9 P-KR3 B-K3 This defence allraclc nerindic imprest, but it seems nni to cttualise 10 P-(f4 BsB 11 PxB PP 12 PjP N-QX5 12 P-Q4 13 P-K5 N-K5 14 -I53 is unsatisfacforv. 14 B3 15 N-B2 P-B4 IS NN PxN Szabo hopes that control of the black squares wit! outweigh the white pawn centre, hut Fischer now conceives and successfully carries out the plan of centralising his pieces and then hreaklng with P-K5 17 N-04 Bx IS OxB P-OR4 19 B-B4 N-B4 2(1 R-K3 P-B3 21 QR-K1 Q-B2 22 B-VS 23 K-R2 KR-Oi 24 K'f; -B4 25 R.K.I N-Q2 2S OK-VJ 27 R-2 28 K-ltl VBt 21 P.B4 R-KBI .111 P.K5 P-B4 SI B-R4 Threatening 32 PxP and 33 i1 PrP 32 PxP P-B5 33 R.kBJ Q.02 34 Q42 Q-B4 35 P-KS 0-O Reslims On 3B N-Q3 37 P-K7 R-Kl 38 RxP the Buck position rollapse4. In the 39 exciting minutes from first bell to last, British life offices pay out 39,000 to policyholders.

A thousand pounds every minute more than ten million pounds a week. These benefits are made possible by the mutual association of policyholders, who join together to protect their families and invest their savings Today practically everyone has a stake in life assurance. LIFE ASSURANCE PAYS OUT ElOm A WEEK IN BENEFITS ISSUED BY THE L1FX OFFICES" ASSOCIATION. LONDON. AND ASSOCIATED SCOTTISH LIFE OFFICES, EDINBURGH.

Minim Bmk Umnrd, Head Offico; 4 Winr Strict Liverpool 2,.