The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 8

THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN, MONDAY, JULY 8, 1940 SIGNPOSTS They had been accustomed to signposts. How else did one know which was the way? Plenty of signposts, everywhere. Crowds herded and signposts for the herds. What else They would have said, had they thought about it, that to be less signpost-conscious would merit the destruction that should fall upon them. But they did not think about it; indeed they had little time to think at all, what with the labour camps and the drills, the long hours in the gun schools, the requirements of the State factories, and the many, many meetings.

In any case, there was no necessity for them to think; also it might not be altogether advisable. Have you ever crawled on your belly in the mud? Have you ever been shoved cut of a 'plane with your C.O.'s revolver planted in the small of your back and almost everything tied on to the kitchen stove? Have you except, kicked around for years and scared out of your wits by Have being you? starved Well, you and are spied still upon? (n them, the three of them, Heinie Rohrbach, Fritz Walkstein, and Herman Schultz. have something to hold on You, something fastened invisibly, immovably, to the stars, something of which they had never heard. Heinie was in front. They could see his huge head as he lifted it cautiously from the ground.

Not only his head was it that looked such a queer shape in the dusk. They all did. Forty or more pieces of equipment take some distributing evenly over the human form. Heinie was listering. Fritz was too hungry to fear much, but he.

too, listened. Herman came last. He was only a boy, but noisy and reckless. He was accounted very brave. said Heinie.

They crawled on again. Just ahead they could see the edge of the common. Once there they would no longer have the protection of the bushes. It was not dark enough yet; they might have to wait a little longer. It had been a long day, a long, empty day.

The aeroplane had dropped them just before dawn and they had lain in hiding on the common waiting for night. Being in a had early demolished meagre permanent state of semi hunger they rations, fully expecting to be able to loot more at the first opportunity. Of the rest of their party they had seen nothing. The man behind Herman had refused to jump. There had been a commotion.

Herman had heard the shot that disposed of No. 4's reticence, but owing to the delay the three of them had become isolated. Not that it mattered much. Their orders were explicit and clearly understood in spite of Fritz's stomach, to which he did not refer. German docs not speak of hunger.

At the last bush Heinie drew out his torch and took from the interlining of his cap a little map. Ja, they were right. Across that strip of common lay the main road. That they must cross. On the other side of the road was a deep hedge.

Along that hedge for a mile they would arrive at the signpost which should tell them which road, the road in which they would find the reservoir. That was first. Had Herman the stuff ready Herman had. After that they were to follow the road marked upon the map, under cover of the trees, for about a mile. Here their equipment, a they mile would leave.

was Not a away barracks. They were aware that the there uniforms they wore were correct; was fear of their being detected. Good Englanders they were. From the edge of the common they made the other side unobserved. Stealthily, carefully, they plodded along inside the hedge.

Heinie judged his mile: he judged it absolutely correctly. They crawled through. Sure enough here was a road. but there was also another and another. Three roads were there and upon them all not one signpost.

They stood and stared. Which was the one to take. Take one they must, and soon, but which Recourse to the little map was dangerous and profitless. The other two demanded of Heinie, which He resented that. Never before had he been confronted with such a thing.

that he might choose which way to go. The road indicated by the map bore to the left, but all three did that. Herman began to get excited and Fritz would have been called upon to deal severely with him had they not heard footsteps coming towards them. Like rabbits they bolted after Heinie down the first road to the left. It was a good road and easy to walk on after so much horizontal travelling.

A pleasant road in the summer evening. and quiet as they were assured it would be, but it was not the road to the reservoir. They explored it from end to end. They retraced their steps to the fork. They were anxious to make inquiries even should anybody appear, so they tried the second road.

Heinie was beginning to get anxious about their contacts. The second road was also without anything resembling a reservoir. Not to be told the way, What a race were the English! They ceased talking as somebody approached riding a bicycle. Herman wanted to shoot. but Heinie had the better idea of asking the way.

The obligingly dismounted to assist them. It was. of course. the third road, the one they had not yet tried. Heinie would have liked to ask about the signposts, but for talk the time was not.

Herman again wanted to shoot the boy. It really was time he shot somebody, but he was dissuaded on account of the noise. It was the right road at last. There was the reservoir, protected as they had expected. Herman prepared the cylinders; they methods were as they should were a credit to their training, each to his task.

The discordant and surprising element was in the armed guard that so quickly and silently surrounded them, and the little crowd from the village who assisted, not so quietly. Heinie's English had not passed, and the lad on the bicycle, was evidently able to act with that amount of indication. They spent the night at the barracks. although differently from plan. Fritz's stomach had the surprise of its life.

Heinie settled down in the internment camp and Continued at foot of nest column TO NEW HOMES IN CHESHIRE Guernsey Children HOW ECCLES MADE WELCOME tion. Other Refugees Carrying bundles, little valises, brown paper parcels. in which were stowed away the whole of their worldly possessions. refugee children of L'Islet R.C. School, St.

Samson's, Guernsey, day said to Eccles, where they have lived for a fortnight of extraordinary happiness. The sentiment of gratitude for what the people of Eccles have done for them was expressed by Sister Pierre Fourier Sister the head mistress, when the school. en route at London Road Station. Manchester. for new homes in Cheshire, said So happy that the tears fell from my eyes.

We had everything we needed in the house. The Eccles have been-oh, very kind! Community Life The children and teachers of L'Islet School. or that part of it which has been at Eccles, have been living as an individual community in a large house, put at their disposal by the local authority and furnished by the Women's Voluntary Services, and the change yesterday to Cheshire billets, whereby the school will be split up. was a sore one. I From what teachers and children said it was evident that in the brief span of a fortnight a strong bond of affection has been woven between cea-girt Guernsey and homely Eccles, where the children arrived too tired to eat and, in many cases, wanting new outfits to replace those lost on the journey.

Eccles met the want, and many children travelling in this party yesterday had been fitted out with new clothes in Eccles. Happily, some of the parents have also reached England and can communicate through th: post with their children. Some can visit them for instance, the mother of Joan O'Toole (9), of Kemarria House," is in Stockport. Miss Fortun, the school cook, was of the party. She told of how they had left everything behind.

including the flourishing school garden. The last act before leaving, she said, was to drown the school cat, a fine cat, and a grievous thing it was to have to do. The Eccles party were in two divisions, those L'Islet School for one destination, rumbering forty-two, and twenty-seven others for another destina- A party of seventy other Guernsey children left London Road Station for Cheshire earlier. They comprised in about equal numbers boys and girls of St. Peter's School.

The rest of the 200 scholars are at Bradford, Yorkshire. Their party had been temporarily accommodated in families in furnished houses on a Bury housing estate, the people of which turned out in great force vesterday morning to give them a send-off. In charge was Mr. H. Brelsford, the head master, who told a Manchester Guardian representative that they had all had a marvellous time at Bury, for, whose hospitality he had the warmest praise.

Most of the Guernsey children who passed through London Road Station yesterday had never, before reaching England a fortnight ago, seen a train, though party of thirty boys from Guernsey visited Chadderton for a holiday" last summer. Two of these boys, John Delamare (14) and Roy Gill (14) were passengers into Cheshire yesterday. John said that though he would miss the bays of Guernsey he would not mind living in industrial Lancashire. He had in the railway compartment with him his mother, Mrs. Delamare.

and his brother Michael. Mr. Delamare remains in St. Peter's Parish. Guernsey, and both Roy's father and mother are also in Guernsey.

600 FROM STOCKPORT Six hundred children of school age from the Channel Islands, who have been billeted in Stockport for the last fortnight, left the town yesterday for new homes in rural Cheshire. They have gone in school formation and each school will remain a separate entity in the particular village to which it has been sent. The evacuees have been billeted in public halls and Sunday schools for the past fortnight. Other 600, who are adults and children under school age. are for the present remaining in Stockport.

BLOOD TRANSFUSION Manchester and Salford Services Something like 7,000 Manchester or Salford people have now contributed to the hospitals' new war-time blood bank. but the new transfusion service backed by the Hospitals Joint Advisory Board, which represents all the hospitals, voluntary and municipal, in two cities, needs three thousand more to make up the figure it has appealed for. After that. it can take as many more healthy volunteers between 18 and 55 as it can obtain. Dr.

J. F. Wilkinson, of Manchester Royal Infirmary. said to a Manchester Guardian reporter, "An area like this ought to give us 50.000 volunteers without difficulty. And while I am confident that we are now a series of severe raids happening in equipped for any probable emergency, close succession.

without sufficient interval tor the replenishing of the stores of blood, might put a big strain on the The two cities' main banks are at Manchester Royal Infirmary and the Crumpsall. Withington. and Hope hospitals, which have the best facilities for storage. There are smaller stores at severa! other hospitals. The unseparated blood will only keep for a few days, but it is now possible to store the plasma (the blood fluid) for two or three years.

The policy of the service is to maintain stores which would be adequate for emergency. replacing immediately when drawn upon. as they are being drawn upon continually for the ordinary peace-time needs of the hospitals. CATHEDRAL SERVICES Matins at 11: Evensong at 3 30. Holy Communion.

Sundays at 8 30 a m. and after Matins. Holy Days and Fridays at 11 Baptisms after due notice. -Matins said at 11 m. Evensong: Wert In dat; Anthem, Lord DaTe (Mendelssohn).

Service of Intercession each weekday In the Regimental Chapel. 1 25 to 1 50 p.m. got put upon pathmaking immediately. It was not easy to lose one's way after Heinie had had the matter in hand awhile. His signposts were everywhere, although they were all one way.

Herman is a little peculiar. He is not able to kill anybody. He gets excited. Continually he marches up and down like any wild beast, and continually he comes, like any wild beast, to the bars of the cage. There is a signpost there.

It says, Durchgang Verboten--passage forbidden. B. MONTAGU SCOTT. LETTERS TO FRIENDLY ALIENS Treated Like Prisoners of War To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian of thousands of refugees of all ages between 16 and 70, including thousands women, have been interned. They are past sufferers from Nazi barbarism who fled to this country animated by the ardent wish to help in the fight against Nazism only to find their hope now dashed.

Even those women who have not been interned have been excluded from all national service and almost all other work, except domestic service in certain areas, Even the Land Army 1s closed to them. Among the men who have been interned are scientists. physicians, engineers, chemists, artists, and many active political fighters against Hitler whose names are known all over the world. and who yet being treated now exactly like prisoners of war. Many businesses have had closed down, a wave of suicides in.

families have been torn, asunder, and What are the motives of this drive There is not a shred of evidence to substantiate the suspicions constantly hurled at the refugees by a certain section of the press, chiefly by papers which, not so long ago, were very sympathetic to Hitier. In particular the story of the refugees who are forced to spy by the Gestapo is pure imagination. There every reason why a spy should shun the disguise of a refugee, as refugees are under the closest observation from police, neighbours, and the general public. And the Nazis have incomparably better disguises at their disposal. The authorities who are best informed, the Home Office and Scotland Yard, have several times strongly deprecated the alarmist cry against the refugees.

Yet they have now yielded to it. This treatment of the refugees not only deprives this country of valuable services, much to Hitler's gratification, but is fundamentally in conflict with British tradition. The new order and exclude every possibility of exemption statements of the a Home Office strictly on the ground of ant -Nazi convictions, however strong the evidence may be, and there is no mention of any revision of individual cases in the future. This comes very near to Hitler's doctrine that a Jew is always a Jew, or to that older slogan, a nigger Is always a nigger, matter what his personal record may be. The excuse that time is lacking for reconsideration of individual cases is a cases could be decided in five minutes threadbare pretext.

A large I number of each, on the evidence available from the files of Scotland Yard and the information collected by the tribunals. Instead. preference is given to incurring the 1m- mensely heavier expense of interning al! these people for an indefinite period. It has even been suggested that internment is in the interest of the refugees. in order to protect them against the fury of the public; this seems a reflection on on the English people.

Some newspapers have been misleading public opinion by describing the life of luxury awaiting the refugees in the camps. This is the exact reverse of the truth, and in any case the refugees defamation, even if it were compensated, as it 1S not, by comforts. A favourite retort to every argument against internment is that in war humanity is out place! That is just the doctrine of the German militarists. but they do not let it interfere with efficiency in waging war. They know that the Czechs.

Poles, Jews, and all their victims hate them from the bottom of their hearts. Yet they have neither interned them nor excluded them from every kind of work. On the contrary, everyone in their grip is liable to work for war purposes to the best of his abilities. The refugees in this country would be happy and grateful if they were even permitted to work and sO to contribute to the national effort in every possible way. -Yours.

ERASMUS HERDER. London. July 4. The Jewish Refugees To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian Sir, -May I thank you for what you have said on this subject? Of the problem intern the lot the following aspects do not so far seem to have been fully appreciated. Although the internment has so far proceeded quite indiscriminately, affecting confirmed opponents of the Hitler system as well as entirely, non-political persons, it must be out that of the 74,000 Germans and Austrians in this country 80 per cent are Jews.

The remaining 20 per cent may possibly change their political views and join the ranks of the Nazis Jews, however, can never do that in any circumstances; indeed in the event of an invasion it would be they who would have to fear the worst. In these circumstances the argument that these very Jews would be ready to act in any form against England and for Hitler seems absurd. Of the 55,000 refugees in this country about one-half are registered for re-emigration to the United States; that is to say, more than 20.000 refugees have relations a and friends there. Their internment cannot remain a secret; must not public opinion in the United States necessarily be roused against England by these measures against people who themselves were Hitler's first victims this country so many friends left in the world that true friends must needs be rebuked and discouraged Is it necessary for men to spend their 310,000 MORE MEN REGISTER Fewer conscientious objectors than ever were among the 310,688 men of the 1909 class (the thirties) who signed on on Saturday. Objectors numbered per cent, the lowest figure so far reported.

Details wereConscientious ObJectors. Enrland 264.609 1.443 Wales 15,387 105 Scotland 30,692 231 Total 310,688 1,779 In the North-western area 46,070 registered, of whom 163 were conscientious objectors. Of this total 7,742, including 23 conscientious objectors. registered in the Manchester area, and 2.773, including six conscientious objectors, in the Salford area. As in other areas.

the number of conscientious objectors is the lowest for the North since the beginning of the registrations. In the first age group the number was 336. and it rose to 484 in the 24-year age group. Since then there has been a progressive decline. Johanne Louise Fisher (24), a German, of Raby Street, Moss Side, Manchester, was sentenced to a month's imprisonment, at Manchester City Police Court on Saturday, for shoplifting.

The magistrate asked Detective Inspector Timpany to report the facts to the Home Secretary with a view to Fisher's being interned. It was stated that she could not be deported because she was married to an Englishman. Fisher pleaded guilty to two charges of shoplifting. THE EDITOR RED-TAPE A Liverpool Firm's Experience To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian should like to draw attention to a case of sheer waste of effort, time, and paper, all to no useful purpose. My firm (shipowners) has a directory sent to it each year from the Straits Settlements.

This was shipped by one own vessels, but before the Customs would allow us to take delivery here the following procedure had to be gone through I. An application form for an import licence consisting of sixteen questions had to be filled in by us and sent to the Import Licensing Department 2. An import licence was issued by the Import Licensing Department of the Board of Trade. 3 A letter from the Import Licensing Department asking us to furnish them with particulars of any goods covered by this licence which would be ready for shipment to the United Kingdom in the months of July and August. This letter stated that the information was required for the purpose of estimating the amount of shipping space required during these months from the absurdity of this request the directory had been received by us a month before this reached 4.

A. further letter from the Import Licensing Department asking us to furnish the particulars asked for in their previous letter--we had, of course, ignored th's letter. In addition to all this we had to employ our forwarding agents to carry out the usual Customs formalities. This cost By the way, the cost of the directory was £1 15s. In ordinary times such a procedure would be looked upon as ludicrous, but at a time when the nation requires the united efforts of everyone to prosecute the war to a successful issuc it is simply W.

J. HEWSON. 7, Teasville Road, Liverpool 18, July 5. AIR-RAID WARNINGS The Position in Occupied Schools To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian Sir, Since it is now the declared policy of the Government only to issue raid warnings in a case of necessity there are further precautions which should be taken immediately to safeguard school children. The present plan of evacuation to shelters depends for its success on previous warning.

As it has been assumed that the school will be empty when the raid occurs no provision has been made against the danger of falling glass in a classroom. Paper strips are not likely to be an adequate proone way 111 which an unheralded raid tection for school windows. on Injury from glass is, however, only may completely nullify the present precautionary arrangements in schools. There for seems the now to be an unanswerable case equipment of telephones so that the head teacher may receive the same warning as before. The children could then reach the shelters in safety, and no one will that the time would be wasted if no raid say occurred.

There 1S the added advantage that in the event of a general warning being given the children would not have to act suddenly on hearing the siren, the very sound of which is startling. They would move only on their teacher's signal, as they do at present in their practice exercises. By the time the siren had sounded they would be M. N. HARPER.

Essington, near Wolverhampton, July 3. THE FRENCH FLEET To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian -No reasonable person questions the wisdom the decision of the Government of Britain in the grim choice set before it at Oran. and we welcome the distinction drawn between the French nation and its Fascist Government. Can we not show our sympathy with the French people, and especially with the sailors subject to orders at Oran, in some practical manner befitting the unusual circumstances? I suggest that as a nation we take upon ourselves the honourable and solemn responsibility to support the dependents of all French sailors slain in the Battle of Oran when the day of our common release from Fascist aggression is achieved. Thus shall we show that this wound to France has hurt us deeply as J.

NICHOLSON BALMER. Devonshire Street Congregational Church, Keighley, Yorkshire, July 5. days in constant anxiety and fear of internment? Could they not be notified in time Must families be torn apart and remain without news of each other for weeks on end If wholesale internment is contemplated. why not act at once and intern families together so as to spare them the cruelty uncertain separation and an uncertain fate? The refugees were and still are ready for any sacrifice in the interest of this country. -Yours, S.

H. F. July 3. CHILDREN FROM THE NORTH-EAST Evacuation Begins Thousands of school children the western side of the country. day left the north-east coastal areas for Between 30,000 and 40,000 are leaving, and the evacuation will be continued to-day.

Of the 10,000 going from Newcastleon-Tyne half went yesterday. The total numbers from towns in the area are: Gateshead 1,300. South Shields 2,500, and Wallsend 1,000. From Hull 4,500 of the 7.500 registered evacuation went to reception areas yesterday. SALFORD CHILDREN FOR OVERSEAS Acting on the announcement broadcast on Friday that no more registrations for the overseas evacuation of children should be accepted, Salford education authorities suspended registrations on Saturday, but particulars were taken from a few callers.

The total of children in Salford now registered stands at 1,050. many of them being children who are at present in the reception areas or have been registered under the Government's reevacuation scheme to operate after air raids. The total of this latter figure remains round about 5,000. YOUTH AND ITS LEISURE Manchester Survey BOYS AND GIRLS OF HULME ground. MONDAY TO FRIDAY Two members of the staff of Manchester University Department of Psychology, Mr.

H. E. O. James and Mr. F.

T. Moore, publish in the July number of the quarterly "Occupational Psychology" the first results of a study which they made just before the beginning of the war into adolescent leisure in a workinga the habit of young class The paper ends with people's clubs to restrict their membership to one sex. The district studied was Hulme, chosen (from among a number of districts which would fit the title equally well) because one of the investigators started with the advantage of living and working there The significance of the study is not primarily social, although some vivid social facts are brougnt out in the introduction. The comparisons made. with one interesting exception, are between different age groups of the same social stratum, and the broad eftect of the study IS to show the external manifestations of increasing maturity of 535 workingclass boys and girls.

aged from 12 to 21. The authors say that the bearing of locality, social status, living conditions, mental attitudes, and the like are reluctantly left to future investigation. The, interesting exception is the slight but suggestive pointer that the leisure occupations of children at central or secondary schools remained similar to the occupations of children at elementary schools when those of boys and girls of the same ages who had started work were showing a characteristic change. In their sketch of the social background, Mr. Moore and Mr.

James describe the familiar type of parloured but gardenless houses in the narrow streets. A common. even typical, street 15 that with a row of houses on one side and a factory on the other." They give statistics of houses. inhabitants, churches, cinemas, clubs, and open spaces. and the vivid statement that of the children questioned at an elementary school, only 106 were even semi-skilled, and 54 were unemployed.

The detailed record hour by hour of what a twelve-year-old girl did on a Monday from leaving school at four in the afternoon to going to 10 45 is also a part of the social back- These detailed diaries were kept by all the 535 boys and girls during June and July last year for evenings from Monday to Friday and all day Saturday to Sunday: but only the Monday-toFriday records are analysed in the present paper. As an aid to interpretation (the reported results are based only on the diaries) systematic surveys were made of the people present at different times of the day and week in streets, parks, playgrounds, clubs. dance-halls, cinemas, and at football matches and all the elementary-school the sample completed a questionnaire. The 535 comprised 120 girls and forty boys, spread equally over the years from 12 to 14; 150 secondary-school sixty central-school boys (12-16); and 80 from working boys and 80 working girls 14 to 21. When he passes from school to say the authors in their summary of results, society grants to a boy a considerable instalment of full social maturity.

In this sense the working boy of fourteen is more mature than the schoolboy of sixteen. The childish activities of play are to be given up. And given up they are, even more completely than the percentages show. For the play that remains tends to be different in kind. Billiards, for instance.

replaces Hi-li and On the other hand, increased independence of the family IS shown in release from duties -compulsory errands and housework and the implied supervision." GOING OUT" The sudden increase of leisure, it is found, is largely absorbed by established activities that do not detract "already from the new and precious maturity." Increase in radio-listening and reading proves temporary. They are too bound up with home and home restrictions. The cinema, already extensively used, shows no clear further increase. tions talk' in its various manifestathat absorbs the greater part of the released leisure. With talk may be associated though here the increase is smaller and has significance only for week-days." But clubs wholly, and talk largely.

still consist of the activities of groups of adolescents of the same sex. The 64 more fundamental change "-a greater amount of definitely hetero-sexual activities comes at about sixteen. Going out with a girl becomes commoner. and activities which can adapt themselves to the new use, such as going to the cinema. grow at the expense of reading and radio." The paper makes the striking suggestion that part of the reason for this apparent delayed interest of boys in girls is that the girls are not available.

Their first instalment of maturity a means an abandonment of childish play for them as for boys, but the place of play is taken for girls by more household duties. It is only from sixteen onwards that the real release from family claims, the real achievement of independence and freedom from supervision, begins." But even if this were the basic cause of the like-sex or gang stage the in matter development, one must expect has long since been rationalised and reinforced by tradition. It may even be that tradition is now its chief support." The final note in criticism of the onesex character of virtually all the Hulme clubs says As Saturday and Sunday are the boy-girl' days par excellence, the activities of clubs are virtually confined to weekdays. Though open on Saturdays, the percentage attendances on that day are negligible. Further, the clubs tend to cater for those whose developmenta has be been argued retarded that or existing arrested.

clubs touch too small a proportion population, occupy too small a percentage of leisure time, and fill that percentage with too trivial activities for their practical effect on adolescence to be important. But. it is arguable that clubs which sponsored mixed activities in a sympathetic and resolute way would attract adolescents of all ages, and would attract them at ages and on days of the week when the existing clubs impotent. If the clubs are unable or unwilling to undertake such new ventures, there is perhaps room for a new kind." The Rev. James Grindrod Millward, of Prescot, has accepted the pastorate Ancoats Congregational Church, Manchester, and the Rev.

Cecil Dicks, done outstanding work at Ancoats, has accepted an invitation to Crosby, Liverpool. Mr. Millward, who was -born at Bamford, near Rochdale, served with the Manchester "Pals in the war of 1914-18, and was twice wounded. Before removal to Prescot in 1931 he had charges at Rochdale and Bootle. POSTAL CONTROL Northern Ireland and Eire Affected A new order by the Minister of Information tightens the control of communications and extends the list of countries to which newspapers, books, maps, drawings, and other documents, goods, or commodities may be sent only under a censorship permit.

At the same time the powers of port officials over travellers carrying such documents or goods are increased. It will now be necessary 1 to obtain a permit to dispatch by parcel post any such articles from Great Britain to Northern Ireland or from Great Britain or Northern Ireland to Eire or to France and French possessions. numerous foreign countries, on including Ordinary letters, trade catalogues, bills. receipts, and similar trade documents are excluded from the order. They may be posted in the ordinary wav.

except by parcel post Censorship permits for postal matter will be issued only when it 1S established that a refusal would cause undue hardship, Permits have, however, been issued to a large number of publishers, newsagents, stores. and shops, through whom the public are advised to dispatch such articles. In the case of non-postal matter, dispatch or conveyance is also prohibited from Great Britain or Northern Ireland to the Isle of Man. The prohibition also applies as regards conveyance on the person or in baggage into Great Britain from Northern Ireland and into Great Britain or Northern Ireland from Eire or from the of Man. The new Order is already operative for the dispatch to all countries except Northern Ireland.

Eire, and the Isle of Man. where it will operate as from July 15, Application for permits by business houses should be made to the Chief Officer, Permit Branch, Aintree, Liverpool 9. Intending travellers are strongly advised to apply for a censorship permit for articles which they will carry on their person or in their baggage. Application may be made to any of the following travellers' permit bureaux: London 80, Pall Mall. S.W.

Liverpool North House, North John Street: or Glasgow 109, Hope Street. AERONAUTIC CLOTH Wages Agreement for Weavers Cotton-weaving operatives working double shifts on the production of cloth for aeronautic fabrics are to receive a minimum wage of £3 a week for each 45-hour shift. This new pay settlement has been agreed upon following negotiations between representatives of the firms concerned and the Operative Weavers' Amalgamation. The two-shift system was introduced on a wide scale for the first time in the desire of the Cotton Con Controller, in order history of the trade June 17 at the speed up production, involving an extension weekly working hours to ninety. against the previous 554, which in itself was overtime.

The new basis of payment, which will apply only to operatives working a full complement of looms, is regulated on the average earnings at each mill calculated over the last four full 48-hour working weeks, plus time-and-a-half rates for overtime worked on two shifts in excess of forty-eight hours, provided that the gross wage paid shall not be less than 1s. 4d. per hour for the time actually worked. RATION-BOOK TROUBLES IN SALFORD In order to deal with belated applications for new ration books the staff at Salford Food Control offices had to work throughout the week-end. The last day on which applications should have been received was five weeks ago, but they have continued to pour into the office daily for the past few weeks.

In addition to these overdue applications there has also been extreme difficulty in dealing with applications which were incorrect in many details. In about a hundred cases it has not been found possible to check them in any way, as wrong addresses have been given and communications which have been sent out have been returned Not known." These people who cannot Le traced will be without ration books and unable to obtain rationed foods until they make personal application at the offices. There have been some instances in which applications have not been filled in at all. PARCELS FOR WAR PRISONERS As direct communication with Geneva is now impossible, parcels for British prisoners of war in Germany will probably be sent by the International Red Cross via Lisbon and Bilbao, M. Georges Graz has been sent to Lisbon to act as liaison officer between Mr.

R. A. Haccius, in England, and Geneva. All the approaches to Geneva are so difficult and complicated because of position quickest with means regard of to France communication that the are via Lisbon, where M. Graz has been sent to keep the door MOTOR-CYCLISTS FOR THE L.D.V.

There was a good muster of motorcyclists at the Belle Vue Speedway on Saturday in response to the call of the Manchester Local Defence Volunteers for dispatch-riders, and a good many were enrolled. More are, however, still wanted. Motor-cyclists who visit Belle Vue Speedway next Saturday will be able forms at Mr. E. O.

Spence's office, or they can call at or write to 15, Victoria Street, Manchester 3. -drivers are also needed. LECTURES ON FIRE-FIGHTING The Chief Constable of Manchester has arranged a series of public lantern lectures, together with a short film on the control of incendiary bombs and methods of dealing with the fires they cause. The lectures are intended for the instruction of those persons who have been issued with stirrup pumps supplement local A.F.S. They will be held at the Lesser Free Trade Hall to-morrow, on Wednesday at Churnet Street Public Hall, Collyhurst on Thursday at the Whitworth Public Hall.

on Friday. The times of the lectures Openshaw and at Hulme Town a Hall will be 3 p.m., 4 30 p.m., 7 p.m., and 8 30 p.m. Some 100,000 people in the Leigh, Atherton, and Tyldesley district should have begun their annual nine days' holiday on Saturday, but- owing to the war most of the mills are continuing to work and the collieries are only stopped until to-morrow. STOP-PRESS NEWS FRENCH RELEASE GERMAN PRISONERS The French delegation to the Armistice Commission has announced (says, the German News Agency, quoted by Reuter) that all German prisoners of war officers, N.C.O.s, and men in internment camps have been handed over to the German troops. People killed in last night's air raid in the south-west included a policeman and a man, apparently killed by concussion.

Apparently the man had gone to offer help to the policeman, DEATH PENALTY IN OCCUPIED FRANCE Vichy. death penalty carried out on all persons introducing or distributing in the occupied zone cf France newspapers printed outside the zone, states an Angouleme dispatch to the Havas Agency. The Prefect of the Department of Charente, of which Angouleme is the principal town, has informed newsagents of this measure.Press Association War Special. BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS Announcements in this column are charged at the rate of la. 6d.

per line. two All such announcements must be authenticated by the name and address of the sender, and in the CASO of Engagements by the signatures of both parties. Postage stamps or postal orders may be sent In payment. BIRTHS GRAHAM -On Friday, July 5. at Collage Hospital.

to SHEILA (nee Allan-Smith), wife af JAMES GRAHAM -WOOLLARD. Inte Roy Air Force and Indian Army, son. On July 6. 1940, at Thornleigh Nursing Home, Sale, to Mr. and Mrs.

A. E. HARPER (formerly Elleen Ibbotson), of 3. Kirkby Drive, Sale, a daughter. On July 7.

at Parkside Nursing Home. Bolton, to HILDA MARY Kay) and Dr. J. M. STIRLING, the gift of a son.

Eastdeld, Farnworth. On July 6. at 2. Park Lane, Haydeld, to BARBARA and ERIC E. TUTTON.

son. COMING OF AGE COOKE On July 8, SYDNEY GARSIDE, son of the Jate Mr. Frederick Sydney COOKE, of Gea Cross. and the lute Cooke and Cooke. Corporation Street.

Manchester, and Mrs Cooke, 45, Luma Road, Hyde, now serving with the RAF. 8.P. MARRIAGES On July 6, at St. John's Church, Higher Broughion, by the keY. John edwards DONALD STANLEY, only son of Mr.

and Mrs. R. BENSON. of Chadderton, to GLADY8 MARY, only daughter of the late Mr. and Mrs.

W. PULKER, of Broughton. DICKSON- On July 6, DENIS. youngest son ol Mrs and the late Mr. Humitou DICKSON.

Mrs. of London, to OLIVE MAY, of daughter Prestwich. of V. DUBBERLEY, On July 6, at Mynadd Belon Welsh Chapel, Wrexham, by the Rev Giraidus Morris, GWILYM THOMAS. elder son ut MI and MrI.

W. T. JONES, 21. Penlan Street. Pwilheli, to MARION, elder daughter of Mr and Mrs.

HUGHES, of Brynawel, Sireet, Llanelly, KRUCER- HEY. -On Saturday, July 6. 1940, at the Collingwood Street Methodist Chapel. Colne. by Rev.

W. Tattersall, Dr. JOHAN KRUGER, eldest son of Mr and Mrs. J. 8 Kruger.

Kestell, South Africa, to HELEN MARY, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. S. HEY, Rydalmere, Foulridge, Colne. REDWOOD- On July 6, 1940, at the London Road Congregational Church.

Kettering, EDWIN, only son M. ANC Mrs. H. REDWOOD, of Hale, Cheshire, to IDA, only daughter of Mr. and Mrs.

C. W. JACKSON, of Kettering. SICHEL-DILWORTH On July 6. at Altrinchum, GODFREY RICHARD STUART BICHEL, elder son of Mr and Mrs.

M. 8 Sichel, of Harrow, to MARGARET, second daughter of Mr. and Mrs. DILWORTH ol Brooklands SINCLAIR- PROCTOR -On July 6, at 8t. Paul's, Withinaton WILFRID KENNETH.

only son ol Mr. and Mrs F. T. SINCLAIR, Errwood Crescent, Levenshulme, to FLORENCE NORA. younger daughter of Mr and Mrs G.

A. PROCTOR. 22, Burlington Road, Withington. On July 6. 1940.

at Trinity Methodist Church. Stockport, by the Rev. J. Wilson Ferry and the Rev. A Price Hughes, RUPERT eldest sun of Mr and Mrs.

Harold SYKES. of Beaumont Park Rond, Huddersfleld. to JOAN LEIGH, youngest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. T.

Letch BENNETT, of Moorgarth, Mile End Lane. Stockport, WILDE- JONES On July 6. St, Mary's Church, Sutton-in-Ashield, by the Rev N. Wrigley, LanceCorporal WALTER BRIAN, younger son of Captain WILDE late of Withington. to WINIFRED, younger daughter of Mr.

and Mrs. Ernest JONES, of STEWART, eidest On of July Mr 6, in Kensington, IAN son and Mrs WILLIAMSON, of 1, Priestnall Road, Heaton Mersey, to MARGARETTA JEAN, elder daughter ol Mr and INSTON, or Chlitern Lodge, Shiplake-on -Thames Oxon. YOUNG- July 5, Stand Unitarian Chapel. Whitedeld, by Rev. H.

Barnes, JOHN, only son of Mr and Mra. J. W. YOUNG, of to MARY, elder daughter of the late Mr J. W.

PARKINSON and Mrs. Parkinson, of Prestwich. DEATHS BARKER July 7. at St. Joseph's Hospital Whalley Rance, Manchester, JOHN BARKER, J.P of Elm House.

Todmorden, aged 77. Bervice and Interment at Todmorden Parish Church, Wednesday, July 10, at twelve noon. Cheadle On Hume. 4. at EDWARD, Montana, Shaftesbury Avenue, the dearly loved husband of Annie DYSON.

Cordiality Lodge, No, 3982. P.G D. Service at All Baints' Church, Cheadle Hulme this day (Monasy), at 2 30 prior to Ben interment at Cheadle Cemetery. Hulme Inquiries Lloyd. 135.

On July 7, ELEANOR CHif Lodge, Lower Broughton Road. Balford, daughter the late Henry and Elizabeth Albiston GEE, of chester. Funeral arrangements later. On July 7, Crone HIll years. dearly loved wife of John North.

Middleton. WINIPRED EDITH, 36 Service on Tuesday at a.m at Middleton Parish Church, followed by interment Thornham Churchyard. Inquiries Messrs. 8. Wellens and Son.

MID. 2677. On July 7. at 50. Crow H.11 Middieton, WINIPRED EDITH HOLLINGClara WORTH, and aged the 36 late years.

dearly loved daughter of Middleton Road William Andrew, of 957, West, Chadderton. -On July 7, at 10, Neville Court, ETHEr. LOUISA. widow of P. LEE.

late London, of Bowdon and Timperley. Cremation London to-morrow (Tuesday). MARY On FLORENCE Saturday, LEGH. July of 6, 1940, CAROLIN day) after 2 30 short Illness. Funeral to-mOrrow (TuesAdlington, Cheshire, m.

at Prestbury. of Somerford July Booth's 5, 1940, WILLIAM MIDOLET, service at Hulme Waldeld Church to- (Tues Hall, Congleton. Funeral day) at 12 45 p.m., prior to committal at Man. Axson cheater and Crematorium st 2 30. p.m.

Inqutries Bone, Congleton. Telephone 77. NEWELL- Lancaster, On July 5. suddenty, at Austwick, LAURANCE EDWARD. dearly loved husband of Jessie NEWELL and son of the late Rev.

J. Neveu, miassnary, of Samos. Serr.co at p.m. Manchester Crematortum to- morrow (Tuesday) at No mourning, no flowers. HERBERT -On July at Langelife Paper ROBERTS.

John Roberts and Sons cline (Langelife). Parish Church aced on 72 years. Bervice at Lang30 p.m.; cremation at Lawn July 10, Wednesday, 12 Leeds, at 3 p.m. Singleton On Road. July T.

at her son's residence. 38. the late Jacob STAMM. wilt leave wife the of Kersal, BERTHA, at above 11 30 address a.m. for interment at Rainsouch Cemetery this day (Monday).

On County July 5. Alderman at Clavadel. Spire Hollin, at dearly loved husband of Independent Mary H. Warden. on Service JOSEPH July 9, at coor.

Ti 45 Church Tuesday, Glossed 12 30 prior to Interment at the accept this p.m. Friends please Glossoo (the coly) intimation. Inquirtes Mr. Directors, Glomop. Telephoce 59.

Company, Funeral TAMES C. BROOME, Funeral Director, Also 42. DOWNING 1. ARDwick 2902. Bramball, All OF letters to the shonld be Manchester addressed Gun either to the Editor The Editor cannot be for responsible for the return articles offered publication though, far as af stamped practicable, and if not wed they will are Printed and Published JOHN RUB for the MANCHESTER GUARDIAN SCOTT.

NEWS. Street, the Guardian Bolide 2. Monday, July 1940..