The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 7

THE GUARDIAN Thursday July 15 1965 LMAIIGRsiNTS IN THE MIDLANDS: Way to cut pilfering in stores Tensions fall upon the teachers Finances of NSPCC 'causing concern' Deficit met by legacies After 80 years of looking after the welfare of Britain's children, the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children faces a threat to its existence. For it finished last year spending nearly 270,000 more than it received from general income. The deficit. By DENIS BARKER The Government's policy on Immigration is expected to be announced soon. This is the second report in a series on the position of the immigrant population in the Midlands however, was met by using legacies the society received during the year.

In its annual report, issued yesterday, the NSPCC says: "The current financial position of the society gives cause for concern." General income fell short of expenditure by 269,961. The difference was met from legacies received during the year, but when capital expenditure on inspectors houses was taken into account there was an even greater deficit and it was necessary to liquidate some reserves. The report mentions that to help to avert a further crisis a special three-year appeal was launched on March 1, with a target of 250,000. One of the trusts approached had made a gift of 5,000. The League of Pity, the junior section of the NSPCC, last year raised 62,588 5,004 more than in the previous year.

During 1964-5 the society dealt with 5 per cent fewer new cases. The report says that this is probably due to there bemg more local authority case workers being employed, which has reduced the society's work load. Treatment condoned But those cases investigated were as had as ever. The report continues with accounts of some cases that the society took to Deported -but not by colour By our own Reporter The Commonwealth Immigrants Act, with more stringent deportation laws, came into force three years ago: the fears of various immigrant groups that colour would be a factor in deportation have proved unjustified. Since June, 1962.

732 persons have been deported more than half of them were Southern Irishmen Each year, about 150 Southern Irishmen are deported only 60 West Indians are sent home annually. Figures since 1962 are: Southern Irish, 443; West Indians, 186 other Commonwealth countries, 103. Each year, an average of S8 aliens are deported. Deportation can come only if a recommendation from a court is approved. Under the Act 1.484 recommendations have been made about half were approved and.

the Home Office says, colour or the country of origin of individuals concerned had nothing to do with final judgments. "Er.ch case is judged rtnctlv on its Just more A spokesman at the Irish Embassy was unworried by the number of his countrymen deported since 1962. "There are almost a million Irishmen here." he said There are only 800.000 others." The Irish, he said, were not worse than the others, there were simply more of them Spokesmen for other countries felt that as recommendations for deportation could come only after a court appearance, there must be a reason." No one felt that the Hom- Office practised discrimination' though some felt that the further away the land of your birth the less chance there was of being deported. "Escorts and cost," someone from the Home Office said. "It costs more to send someone back to Karachi than to Dublin." But no one said that this was a factor in deportation decisions.

Among the conditions considered by the Home Office, apparently, are those relating to the status of people recommended for deportation. Dependents in Britain might help to prevent a Pakistani from being sent back. TENSIONS because of language difficulties exist in many schools in Midland cities, especially in the central decaying zones where the concentration of Commonwealth immigrants is high. Comparatively rarely, either among teachers or pupils, are these tensions mentally rearranged as a straight colour prejudice They do, however, impose heavy strains on teachers which are only gradually becoming an acceptable topic of public conversation as well as limiting the immigrants' chances of ultimately achieving full social responsibility. One education officer said that immigration had meant the trebling or quadrupling of the number of problem children in the educational sense.

Maximum There is little satisfaction to be detected in educational circles about Mr Crosland's statement in his recent circular that one in three was a viable proportion of immigrant Commonwealth to white children. Mr V. G. Jackson, Director of Education for Nottingham where the immigrant situation can now be seen unshrouded by political tensions estimates that between 10 and 15 per cent of Commonwealth children with language difficulties is the absolute maximum if teaching is to go forward on the imaginative lines followed by the authority, with the use of film strip and televisi'm to translate academic abstractions into contemporary realities. Mr G.

J. Mundy, headmaster of the Belgrave Primary School, Birmingham, recently visited by Mr Crosland and where there is a 38 per cent proportion of Commonwealth immigrants, estimates that a school cannot cope with more than 25 per cent of immigrant children without special facilities, such as the special classes being run at the school with success. Though statements from individual disaffected teachers grants as a whole while some will confirm privately that Indians and Pakistanis "tend to be withdrawn but diligent in their studies. In one Midland city, 14 coloured immigrants have just earned grammar school places. One is West Indian and the remaining 13 are either Indian or Pakistani.

The difficulties of West Indian children in mastering the British language are less obvious but a way more frustrating to the teachers. Because these children tend to be more extrovert and engaging as personalities, and because they usually have a better knowledge of English to start with, it is easy for the teacher to over-estimate the grasp of English and to suffer disillusionment later. "They smile at you brightly, but yoii are never sure they quite know what you mean," said a teacher. Liaison Midland educationists are now crystalising their thoughts in a way which might well have been represented as colour prejudice a year ago, but which is now gaining acceptance as commonsense about actual problems. Wolverhampton has appointed 12 assistant education Welfare Officers.

To promote liaison between the education department, teachers, parents, and pupils, West Bromwich is embarking on a policy of dispersing children from the two overladen schools, and Birmingham is thinking on similar lines. There are thought to be two principal undesirable contingencies in classrooms. The first is a solitary immigrant child, who is almost bound to accept in a superficial sense, to be the withdrawn odd man out. The second is too high a proportion of immigrant children so that there are not enough English children to integrate with. Both these problems would be cased by the Government's dispersal intentions, which will be welcomed by education officers and teachers more warmly than Mr Crosland's one-in-three estimate of the viable immigrant school population.

about the near impossibility of conditions may be treated with some reserve, there are topics, touching the present standards, that more than one education authority would like kept under the carpet for the sake of smooth relations with the immigrant community. One of them is the incidence of breakdown among teachers, especially those in schools near city centres where the buildings tend to be cramped and out of date and where the proportion of children with no English or poor English can be especially high. One educationist said that he knew of at least two head teachers in his area who had cracked under the strain and it was the policy of his authority to move head teachers from such schools after a time because a man who remains in such a school from the age of 40 to the age of 65 will be reallv lucky if he survives it." Vulnerable He said the poor disciplinarians suffered the most, but all except the most "tough" were vulnerable. At least one major local authority in the Midlands is watching the turnover of teachers in primary schools with some alarm. "We are going to see a breakdown of schools in the city centre if we are not careful," said the education official concerned.

It would be diametrically opposed to the truth to suggest that there are not large numbers of teachers willing and able to cope with the strains inherent in multiracial schools because of language difficulties. At the Belgrave Primary School, Birmingham, for instance, the teachers have constantly visited homes of parents to explain the function of special classes and the general conventions of school life. They have coped with a situation in which one Commonwealth immigrant child is able to learn English four or five times as fast as another, so that even in special classes a consistency of teaching pattern is impossible. Even here, with a headmaster actively enthusiastic about the possibilities of the situation, there have been strains because of parental misunderstanding about their responsibilities, and in schools in some parts on the Midlands these strains, together with the others, have been more than enough to restrict recruitment of teachers. In Nottingham, there are 1,774 Commonwealth infant children in the primary schools, and it is estimated that there will be 5.000 in four or five years one in six them is bad In English, more are less than adequate.

A lot of them are crowded into central schools, which face severe staffing difficulties. The education director said that this was not the reaction to the colour. "There is a national and great shortage of infant teachers, many of them are young girls, attractive and so on. Matrimony looms large. When it comes to going back into teaching, they say, I have done my stint in the old school with coloured pupils and so I want an easier Yet it is really nothing to do with colour It is a problem of having large classes with children that are educationally handicapped." Diligent Indians and Pakistanis who have the more severe and obvious language difficulties often have the best sort of mental equipment for fighting them.

Teachers and education officials seem to fear the setting of immigrant communities against each other even more than setting the English at odds with immi ARNING ON RESEARCH SPONSORSHIP By our own Reporter A warning on the dangers of allowing the sponsorship of scientific research in the universities to become entirely a Government function was given yesterday by Sir Harry Melville, who, as chairman of the new Science Research Council, is responsible for the administration of much of the Government's activity in this afield. Sir Hacry, who was speaking at Buxton to a symposium organised by Turner and Newall, Ltd, said that participation by industry in the support of university research provided an Invaluable element of freedom and flexibility. No Government committee was infallible and however well the research council was orcanised. it would on occasion take the wrong decision. Moreover, since It was spending public money, it -would he.

subject to political and-financial pressures from the and the Department of Education and Science. Ivory towers Support from lndusjry was. therefore, an extremely useful complement to Government finance, giving universities a measure of freedom which was very valuable. Industry could also lead the way in finding new and more effective methods of supporting research. Sir Harry said that contacts between universities and industry were never as close as people would like.

It was easy for university staff to pursue their research in ivory towers. There were.Jiowever, considerable areas in which people in industry could formulate fundamental problems which might have escaped the attention of academics. Industry should also be aware, he said, of what was being done in applied University to form a school of education By our Education Correspondent Birmingham- University has decided to merge its department of education and institute of education into a single new unit, a school of education, which will come into being some time during the next university session. This drastic step is Birmingham's own response to the Government's policy of encouraging closer1 relationships between universities and teacher-training colleges, with the institution of degree courses for some college students. The school of education, designed specifically to meet this situation, will be independent of the university's faculties and responsible directly to the Senate.

It is to be organised In four parts educational psychology, education history and principles, curriculum and method, and a colleges of education division Biting luck Blackpool Highway Committee is paying half the cost of a new -set of teeth of one or its sea defence workers. The committee was told by the Borough Surveyor, Mr Arthur Hamilton, yesterday He dropped a heavy hammer on his foot. This caused htm to shout. His top set of teeth shot out of his mouth and ware broken against the sea wall." By Leonard PROBLEM No S41 by A Sobey fHindhead) By our own Reporter The conference of the National Association of Women's Clubs at Sheliield yesterday decided to ask self-service stores to provide bays for customers to leave their shopping bags to counter petty pilfering and lessen genuine mistakes. Lady Phillips, general secretary of the association, who is a magistrate, said she had become so "intimidated" by shoplifting cases she had adjudicated that she no lunger liked going into self-service stores, because I might do something absent-minded." Lady Phillips, who afterwards said she regarded herself as a "bad risk" because of having to rush around stores, said she would raise the suggestion with the Supermarkets' Association.

She appreciated that stores were losing a lot of money through shoplifting, but great distress was also being caused to many people. A second JP, Mrs J. Jenkins, the conference chairman, said that cases of alleged shoplifting frequently appeared before her, and you know instinctively that the person is not a dishonest person." Distress to housewives Delegates.spoke of the distress being caused to housewives, especially the elderly, who absentmindedly carried off goods without paying for them. One said she had walked away with goods unpaid for still in the store's wire basket Regarding colour prejudice, the conference iras tnlri that many Immigrants were still treated as strangers although some of them had been settled In Britain for 17 years. 'Miss Nadtne Peppard.

advisory officer to the National Committee for Commonwealth Immigrants, asked the delegates to examine their attitude to the 850.000 people of the Commonwealth who had emigrated to Britain since 1948. Genuine community friendliness was one of the best ways to counter the atmosphere being created in some areas that immigrants were not welcome. Defective infants On obortlon, it was decided to ask the Government Mo legalise operations where there was serious risk of a defective child being born and where the pregnancy resulted from a sexual offence. Funeral costs were rising out of all proportion. It was agreed to ask the Government to protect families from exploitation.

Establishing Chile's 'presence' By TERENCE PRITTIE, our Diplomatic Correspondent President Eduardo Fret of Chile yesterday told guests at the luncheon given by the Anglo-Chilean Society at Grosvenor House that his purpose in coming to London, Paris, Rome, and Bonn was to establish the presence of Chile before the old European nations." President Frei is the first head of a Latin-American State to visit Britain. In his speech Senor Frei stressed the sweeping nature of the social change which is taking place in Latin America. He predicted an era of reform in Chile of education, agriculture and the economy. His chief aims for his country were "an efficient economy and social justice." Turning to Anglo-Chilean relations, President Frei recalled the close friendship which sprang from British help to Chile when she was gaining her independence. Incomes policy an 'export handicap By our own Reporter A leading article In the current issue of the Association of Scientific Workers journal states that if the Government's incomes policy succeeds it will hinder the ability of the new science-based industries recruit labour and make exporting more difficult There is very little evidence, it says, that salary costs have forced export prices to Ieels that hinder competitive exports The home market is a comfortable one in wluch many things could be sold which are based on technical developments of the day before yesterday." The existence of this home market can temporarily mask the real crisis of the economy Industry has failed dismally in many instances to provide staff and money for the exploitation of advanced discoveries Neglect ruling against MP Air Justice Wrangham ruled in the Divorce Court yesterday that Mr Lipton, Labour IIP for Bmton, had wilfully neglected to provide ressonable maintenance for his wife, lie referred the matter to a registrar to assess the amount of maintenance to be paid.

Counsel for Mrs Fanny Olive Lipton, of Sneath Avenue, Golders Green, said the marriage was in 192S and the only child was now adult. Mr arid Sirs Lipton had not lived together for many years. court. A doctor said in evidence in a case where a father, who was convicted pf the charge, assaulted a boy His eyes were of a type we expect to see on a boxer who has had a good fight with Cassius Clay." Experts believe that though, as a rule one Darent assaults the child, the other condones what has Been done. The beating parent has often had similar treatment in childhood, has a narrow outlook, and probably looks on crying as defiance.

This type of case is known as. the "battered baby syndrome" and is being studied on both sides of the Atlantic. The tables at the end of the report shew that almost 2,200 fewer new cases were investigated, but that the number of children involved in cases of assault or ill treatment has risen by 171 to 9,803. Bank gives first City dinner By our Political Correspondent A series of three working dinners" for City people and members of the Government began last night. Lord Cromer, Governor of the Bank of England, gave a dinner at the bank for the Prime Minister, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and representatives of various City interests.

There were 40 to 50 guests including senior executives of the bank. Mr Wilson is to give a dinner for City interests, and a third is expected to be given at the Bank of England after that. Since he became Prime Minister, Mr Wilson has given "working dinners for fanners, leaders of the aircraft industry, and vice-chancellors of universities. Fell from pleasure boat Mr James Tunnies Taylor, aged 43, of Monfa Road, Bootle. died yesterday after falling overboara from a pleasure boat on Oulton Broad, Suffolk.

He was filming with a cine camera when his mother, brother, sister, and brother-in-law and four children, who were staying at a farm near Hamsby, Great Yarmouth, saw him disappear over the side Police dragged tire broad and recovered the body two hours later. ess Barden apparently quuc oossible thai he will evcntuallv be sent with the infantry to Vietnam. 31. Tal (Soilel Union) L. PonliCb (lltingao) Second match game, IU65 1 K1 P4JB3 2 fS-QB! li PxP 4 NiP UA5 a BxN (IxB N4J2 7 P4J4 K.VB3 8 B-Q3 NiN 9 QiN P-K3 1U 0-0 B-K2 P-QUZ N-B3 12 U-K4 N-04 13 (-N4B-B3.

White has recured a good attacking position from the openms If 13 O-O 14 B-KR6 B-B3 15 U-K4 wins at least an important pawn. 14 ft-Kl QN3 15 P-QB4 15 P-QR3 gives him a safe pusmonal advantage. Instead. Tal begins an attack which is not quite sound, but difli cult to meet in practice 15 N-N5 If 15 18 P-Q3 BPxP 17 PsP NsP 18 -H4 ch and Black cannot castle, since if 18 Q-B3 IS B-N5. 16 PxR 17 QP ch K-BI Portlsch is playing for a win 17 B-K2 is bad because of IB B-NO ch! PxB 19 B-N5 J-B2 10 R-Kl Q-Q2 21 QxNP ch and 22 RsB but after 17 K-Ql While has to take a draw by perpetual check with 18 Q-Q6 ch.

18 B-B4 R-Ql 19 PBS NxB The defensive Idea is to win a rook and two minor pieces for the queen. After 19 Q-R4 20 B4B ch While's attack outweighs the material sacrificed, 20 PxQ Still trying to win. 20 B-RB QxNP 21 QxB ch K-Kl leads to perpetual check. 20 NxB 21 Q-N4 N-4J4 22 PxP K-K2? This loses. After 22 P-KN3I the game is verv open.

23 P-N4! The idea Is that If 23 NxP 24 R-Kl Ch K-Q3 25 R-Nl. 23 R-Rl 24 R-KI ch K-Q3 25 P-N5 RxP? Losing at once. 25 P-KN3 should still have been tried. 26 R-K6 ch K-B2 27 RxB Resigns For if 27 NxR 29 QxP ch. I Sea, swamp, slutch, mangrove, muck and maybe in this end game itudy.

White is to play ana force a win. Solution No 840 1" N-K5 (threat 2 Q-K4). if 1 KxN 2 P-Q4 or if ItxN 2 Q-Bl or If P-N7 2 Q-R2 or if N-B4 2 or if BxP 2 NxB. Here White's key move creates all six variations. Tal and Larsen win Tal defeated Portlsch by 4-1 with three draws in their world tiUe eliminating match.

Larsen (Denmark) 'beat Ivkov (Yugoslavia by the same margin. Tal and Larsen will meet soon to decide who plays Boris Soassfcv in the final eliminator for Tisran Petrosian's world title. Only Larsen now remains as a threat to Russian chess supremacy in the current series. ta today's Eame Ta! ajraln dtmonstrates his flair for brilliant sacrificial nlay against the Hungarian Portlsch. Meanwhile, there Is news that Bobby Fischer, the world's best nliyer outside the Soviet Union, has been drafted Into the United States Army for two years.

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