The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 5

THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN TUESDAY FEBRUARY 3 1959 Qramophone 'Notes Si GETTING TO KNOW THE MIDDLE AGES Work of new society By Olwen Brogan colo ur This year's annual spring conference of the Society for Medieval Archaeology, formed two years ago, take place in Southampton from April 17 to 19. The object of' the society is the- furtherance of the study of he was engaged shortly before his death in 1955. Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian archaeology share with Mycenaean archaeology the panache of being associated with a heroic age and with epic poetry. There is a glint of Homeric magnificence in the "treasures and ornaments from distant lands" buried with the hero Scyld in "Beowulf." For Ions, however, Anglo-Saxon burials yielded little substantiate this grandeur. Then came 1939 and the unforgettable excavation of the splendid Sutton Hoo barrow.

The dragon's treasure and Beowulf's shining helmet suddenly became real. It is a pleasure to find that Beowulf too has his rightful place in the journal, in an article "Beowulf and Archaeology," by Miss Rosemary Cramp of the University of Durham. The history of the Dark Ages, with their fragmentary and baffling literary record, manifestly needs aU the help that archaeology can give. This is specially true of the period following the departure of the Roman 'armies from Britain. Within the society's sphere comes Arthur as well as.

Beowulf, the. late Celtic as well as the Anglo-Saxon. The society does not, however, confine itself to pre-Norman Britain. Coming to the late medieval period, Professor E. Carus-Wilson has made an examination of the fascinating secular sculptures of the Lane Chapel, Cullompton.

Devon, which show the cloth-making industry of the early sixteenth century. Medieval villages One of the outstanding contributions to medieval archaeology has been that of air-photography, which has revealed hundreds of long-forgotten medieval villages and has therefore revolutionised our conceptions of the human geography of the Middle Ages. The great castles and cathedrals had always been with us. but while we knew much of the rich man in his castle our knowledge of the poor man at his gate was scanty. It is precisely in this matter of dwellings and settlements that medieval archaeology has one of its richest fields awaiting it.

Houses of all classes occupy an important place in the new journal, among them The Saxon House described by Mr Ralegh Radford, and the Medieval Priests' Houses." of which Mr W. A. Pahtin writes. One of the most valuable features of the journal is Medieval Britain in 1956," a record of the chief discoveries and excavations made during the year, from Scilly to Shetlands. from King John's hunting lodge in Sherwood Forest to St Columba's monastery on Iona.

Here can most clearly be found the as to whether the society is needed. The variety and richness of the discoveries of a single year are amazing. It is also the chronicle of an alarming toll of destruction, of antiquities vanishing under trunk roads, reservoirs, hunting estates. The most urgent work of the society is clearly to endeavour to forestall the process and to extract the essentia) history from these sites before they vanish. unwritten evidences of British history since the Roman neriod." These "unwritten evidences" have now acquired such iinoortnce that their study can aspire to a place beside the work of the older specialised societies such as the Erehistoric Society or the Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies more space is needed for their discussion than that provided in the journals devoted to wider aspects of archaeology.

By 1956 a movement was. afoot for forming a soeqial society. It received much encouragement from existing societies, especially from the Society of Antiquaries, whose president. Sir Mortimer Wheeler, took the- chair when' a constitution was adopted in June, 1957. The first spring conference of the new society was held in March last year in Sheffield, where 120 people gathered to discuss The relationship of archaeology and history in the study of the medieval period." For those of us who like omens, a happy coincidence brought to light the St Ninian's treasure- of early medieval silver that same summer, as if to crown the completion of the society's first year.

The society's resources will be mainly devoted to the yearly publication of its journal, Medieval rvrtnaeoiosy. Trie nrst volume oi which- has just appeared. The society's first president is Mr R. L. S.

Bruce-Mitford, Keeper, of British and Medieval Antiquities in the British Museum, and its secretary is Mr D. M. Wilson, also of the British Museum. Back' to Browne Medieval archaeology thus comes into-its own. but it 'has.

been with us longer than we sometimes recognise. Dr J. N. L. Myres.

Bodley's Librarian, one of the founders of the new society, pointed out twenty -years ago that Sir Thomas Browne, in 1658, may be claimed to founded medieval archaeology, for the "sad sepulchral pitchers" at Walsingham which inspired him to the writing of Hydriotaphia or Urne Buriall" (1658) were without a doubt early Anglian pots. Prom time to time, after his day the existence of Anglo-Saxon cemeteries was reported by antiquaries, until in the early twentieth century the volumes of the "Victoria County History" began disclosing, region by region, the wealth of our Anglo-Saxon remains, and paved the way for works of synthesis by such scholars as E. T. Ieeds. who in 1913 published his "Archaeology of the Anglo-Saxon Settlements." Medieval archaeology owes great debt to E.

T. Leeds, and the first volume of the journal issued by the society, of which he did so much to lay the foundations, fittingly opens with a paper on Jutish Art in Kent between 450 and 575 on which Manchester Cinemas Aspects of the Krupp industrial empire, still owned solely by Herr Alfried Krupp spite of the provisions for decentralisation made by the Allies in 1950. At the top, left, is a general view of the Rheinhausen steelworks whose annual production is about 2.4 million tons, and, right, a production line in the locomotive factory Si. fen lower, pictures show one of the blastfurnaces being tapped at Rheinhausen, and a giant gearwheel mould being made in the Essen lronfoundry. The groups of factories at Essen and Rheinhausen had a turnover of 293 millions in the year 1957-8 MISCELLANY this touchiness can extend to what to the layman would seem to be the most innocuous form of abbreviation.

How deep, then, must be the feelings of an aggrieved correspondent to this month's "THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA" A notable failure soldier magazine. For him there can be no such regiment as the Northants during his service in the Northampton- stiire Kegiment it was, he points out, a'i cnargeable onence" to use the abbreviation "Northants" instead of the approved one. Northamptons." Now he has been discharged, to find that in his discharge book the regiment in which he served is given no fewer than three times as -the The major nearly choked I was very much amused (writes "E.J ')' at what your "Country Diary" correspondent from Cheshire wrote about the dialect and the letters A and E. I was a corporal in the 3rd Cheshires in the 1914 war. 1 had been drilling a company of recruits for a week.

e010 lfds from Winsford. which dialTctOn 'toe Satmday "mrnlna tnl major, saw ne would uke to take them and I could look on. He began with a few movements and turning, and then called out for their numbers. There were about twenty. At the end he said What language is this, corporal I said Cheshire." He said.

I don't think it's English." On the spur of the moment I said. Ask No. 1 can he spell Egypt." He gave me a black look. But he said "All right, Johnny, can you spell Egypt Johnny shouted Yeah. Hey, Jay, Way, Pay, The major was a man about 16 stone bullnecked, the colour of beetroot.

I thought he was going to choke; but he spluttered and said, "You can have them RICH TAPESTRY By Edward Greenfield Sibelius's famous giving the public pure spring water in contrast to the exotic drinks provided, by other composers is very true in its way," but on one point at least' it is apt to be misleading. Just how much Sibelius depends. exotic orchestral 'colour, and. just how much he loses from bad balancing, has been driven home for me by some recent records of the-symphonic-poems. The colours may be sombre, but they" are certainly colours.

This is no drawing in black and white. I like to remember that one of Sibeliuss favourite composers was Verdi. But just how sombre should Sibelius's music be made to appear? Anthony Collins has built a deserved reputation for his Sibelius interpreta tions, his admirers usually praising in particular his cool, literal approach. Until now Collins has recorded for Deeca, and his first H.M.V. disc "En Saga," "Karelia" suite, Swan of Tuonela," and Romance in shows a marked contrast (ALP 1578).

I should describe this as warm Sibelius playing, with the colours woven into a rich tapestry and the emotion played up to the full (literally running away with things at the-climax of "En Part of this change is due, I am sure, to the very different recording acoustic used, by E.M.I.,- mellower, 'and more rounded than Decca's. But as well as a different record-label Collins here has a different orchestra, the Royal Philharmonic, and I cannot help feeling that Sir Thomas Beecham's shadow was here cast rather large. Sir -Thomas at least can never have been accused of taking the frigid approach to Sibelius. Question of balance My point about orchestral balance changing the effect in Sibelius scores comes out clearly in a most convenient collection of virtually- all the symphonic' and tone-poems by Boult arA the Philharmonic Promenade Orchestra (the LJP.O. in disguise) on two Pye-Nixa discs (NCL 16023-4).

This is made to sound like a comparatively small group with the wood-wind (so vital in Sibelius) right on top of the microphone to produce at times almost a chamber effect. The performances though understanding and intelligent lose seriously in atmosphere. This is a major fault too in Pye's recording of Barbirolli and the Halle Orchestra in Sibelius's First Symphony (CCL- 30113). Comparing this with Kleteki's full-blooded account on Columbia, 'one scarcely recognises it as the same work. With Kletzki.

ihe strings soar thrillingly as they should and' the atmosphere is of the concert-hall. I do wish Pye would learn to make the Halle sound life-size. The German approach to Sibelius is well illustrated on a D.G.G. disc of Jochum and the Bavarian Radio Orchestra playing Night Ride and Sunrise," "The Oceanides," and the prelude to the "Tempest" (DG 17075). The approach is anything but chill, if anything on the ponderous side.

I enjoyed the performances none the less, which I think shows what wide variation of interpretation Sibelius can stand a sign of genuine vitality. One final Sibelius record is a reissue (on one side instead of two) of Camilla Wicks's vivid reading of theiolin concerto with the Stockholm Radio Orchestra under. Ehrling (why do we not hear more of The fill-up is "Swan of Tuonela" and Lemminkainen's Homecoming." The recording is rather dated, but hardly enough to deter anyone wanting the coupling (Capitol 8327). My general recommendation for 4he concerto is still Oistrakh. An interesting lecture record a talk on modern harmony by Professor Ian Parrott, comes from a small Welsh Company, Cwalitan Records, of Pontardawe, Professor Parrott- in simple terms explains and illustrates at the piano the problems of harmony to-day both from the composer's and the listener's points of view.

This should be a very useful for schools and appreciation classes. good old buildings Norwich are now a concert hall, a museum, a branch library, and a Boy Scouts' hall. There is also a plan to convert St Peter's, Regent Street, London, into a cultural centre. The title of the report Churches, Artists, and People emphasises the council's determination to- encourage artists and craftsmen to use, their skills in furnishing new churches. There are illustrations in the report of recent examples of modern stained glass windows, including Geoffrey Clarke's abstract design for a window at All Saints, Stretford, Manchester, and designs by Margaret Traherne and Pierre Fourmaintraux-Winslow, who has developed the technique of setting massive pieces of glass into a framework of concrete.

PIANO SALE OF SECOND-HAND AND RECONDITIONED PIANOS. i UPRIGHTS Sale PrtM STEINHARDT, oiemruna 30 BROADWOOD. overstrung 100 CHAPPELL. OTerctiune 115 -BECHSTE1N. otlique strung 129 BECHSTEIN 100 GRANDS Sale FrlM HOPK1NSON.

4ft. 61n 160 BECHSTEIN, 6ft. Rosewood 295 BECHSTEIN. 6ft. Ota- Mahogany 320 BECHSTEIN, 6ft.

Light 345 BECHSTEIN. Ebontoed 353 FORSYTH 126 DEANSGATE. MANCHESTER. FORSYTH BROS. Invite you U3 their MIDDAY RECORD RECITALS EVERY WEDNESDAY from 12 45 to 2 pjat.

Admission free. 126 Deanaaate Manchester 3. LONDON CINEMAS ACADEMY. (Ger. 2981.) Itrgmar Bergman's WILD STRAWBERRIES (A) and THE IMMORTAL LAND (U).

Programmes 1.15, 3.35. 6.0. 8.30. ASTORIA (Ger. 5385.) 2nd yr.

Michael Todd's Around the World 80 Days (U), Dly. 2.30. 8. Orch. 1.30, 7.

Sun. 4.30, 7.40. Scats bkble. In adv. CARLTON.

(Whl. 3711.) Darrji F. Zanuck's The Roon ol Heaven (A). Errol Flynn. Juliette Greco, Trevor Howard Eddie Albert.

Progs. 12.50. 3.20. 5.50. 8.25.

CASINO. (Ger. 6377.1 Cinerama's 7 Wonders ol the World (Ul. Daily 2.30. 6.0.

8.40. Orch. 2.5. 5.35. 8.15.

CURZON. (Gro. 3737.) Last weeks Bardol in Parislenne (A). Col. Prg.

12.40. 2.5. 4.15. 6.30. 8.40.

DOMINION. Tot. Court Rd (Mus. 2176.) Todd-AO Roditers and Hammerstcin'a SOUTH PACIFIC U). Wfcdys.

7.45. Orch. 6.45. Sun. 6, Orch.

5. Mats. Sat. 2.30. Orch.

1.30. All seats bookable. EMPIRE. Lelc. Stt.

(Ger. 1234.1 Robert Taylor, Cyd ChBrisse. Lee J. Cofcb In PARTY GIRL tA. C'Scope.

Colour. Proas. 10.30, 12.55. 3.25. 5.55.

8.25. GAUMONT. Hayraarket. Eartha Kill. Sammy Davit.

Jr. in ANNA LUCASTA (AI. At 1.50. 4.15. 6.40.

9.5. LEIC. SQ. TH. 5252.) Operation Amsterdam (Ul.

at 1.10. 3.45. 6.25. 9.5. Doors open 12.45.

LONDON PAVILION. (Ger. 29S2.) The Incomparable CHARLES CHAPLIN in THE GREAT DICTATOR (Ul. Programmes at 10.30. 12.35.

3.10. 5.50. 8.15. ODEON. Lelc.

So. THE BIG COUNTRY (A). Tech. Progs. 1.15.

4.25. 7.45 Last performance of Blm SO. ODEON. Marble Arch. Jerry Lcwia.

THE GEISHA BOY IU1 Tech. and At 2.30. 5.45, 8.55. RITZ, Lelc. So.

(Ger. 1234.) Reg Harrison. Kay Kendall In THE RELUCTANT DEBUTANTE (Ul. C'Scope. Colour.

Progs. 10.25. 12.40 3.15. 550. 8.20.

STUDIO ONE. Walt Dasnev'a SECRETS OF LIFE (U) and LADY AND THE TRAMP (U). 12.15-11 040. WARNER. (Oct.

3423.) Anna Neatle. Frankle Vangbao. and Jxnette Scott. THE LADY IS A SQUARE (Ul. Progs.

10.30, 12.55. 3.25, 5 JO, 8.20, Last screenmsj This week is distinguished by two notable failures, one predictable, probably inevitable, the other more surprising and disappointing. Hemingway's novels have rarely made good films, but "The Old Man and the Sea (Gaiety) is the most difficult of them all to translate on to the screen since it must leave one actor alone on the wide, wide sea for three-quarters of its length. Not that the actor in this case is at fault indeed. Spencer Tracy's playing of the gentle, tough old fisherman in his epic struggle with the great marlin and then with the sharks that tear his prize to shreds is surely the nnest thing he has ever done for the cinema.

But -the director, John Sturges, has- been unable to resist the urge to help him out. The problem of putting over, the narrative was probably insoluble 1 any-' way very little of it could be spoken by the-fisherman most of the tale had to be told by, an invisible narrator. To this distraction, however, has been added a thick," romantic musical score which relentlessly underlines both the action and the narrative with hardly a pause from beginning to end All the same. Setting up in Church should keep a hold on all its Vintage Guinness in a Royal film By our London Film Critic The choice for the royal film performance has often been astonishing or tepid and the obvious consequence of compromise. This time, happily, a winner has been chosen.

Your pundit might have (justifiable) reserves about a film which depends so largely on words rather than on action and these reserves would be particularly relevant to a judgment about the Likelihood of its success in other countries. When, for instance, "The Horse's Mouth was shown last year at the Venice Film Festival the laughter even of that sophisticated, cosmopolitan audience was, on occasion, a mystified tribute to English humour rather than a spontaneous outburst. Thp fart ramin that Ronald Neame. as director, and Alec uu.iines, ootn as script-writer and as Player of Gulley Jimson. that scapegrace but true artist among painters, have made an exceedingly funnv film out of Joyce Cary'sTich novel all the funnier because it is about an osspntioliv subject, the plight of the artist in our materialist woriu Mr Neame, who has in the past directed relatively humble pictures and has been associated with directors more famous than himself, has done a very commendable job by far the largest yet under- ianen oy nira.

mr- liuinness script, altnough it alters the order of some of tne novel's events and puts a rather sunnier ending to Jimson's tangle of misadventure, has remained very true to the substance and the manner of the original. And that is true of its faults as wo.it as of iits virtues, for. this long film, like uie novei, ooes not quite sustain its wild hilarity to the end. The original Jimson may have been more robust and more awful. screen's Jimson, however, with that alcoholic rasp to his voice and those sudden bursts of irrepressible spirits, is a highly comic invention as difficult and complete as any of Mr Guinness's other and' very varied impersonations.

Among the supporting cast high marks must go to Renee Houston and Kay Walsh, as the two ladies in Jimson's story, the one soft cosy, and reprehensible, the other harsh, dogged, and loyal; Miss WalsCi's, in particular, is a masterly performance but that, after ail, is her way with every role. Television Notes DRAMA OF COLOUR PROBLEM "Hot Summer Night" By our Television Critic The independent television production of Ted Willis's Hot Summer Night on Sunday made a verv noisy winter's night for the viewer. There are many outstanding qualities in this nlav. which takes the colour problem in its most acute instance 6hall white girl marry coloured vouth and hrinffs Knmo rho conflict in a crescendo of distress and despair. Some hint is given at the end that all concerned may overcome their worst- fears.

It is an impressive and a moving play, one of its chief virtues that it takes real and ordinary people; credible and familiar. There is Jacko, the glib trade leader, ready enough to deal with colour prejudice in his works, but less able to deal with it at home. There is Nell, his wife, a nice woman, dotin.fi on her daughter, and horrified to the point of hysteria by her daughter's falling in love with the Jamaican, Sonny. And there is grandpa, (the old man," and various other worthy characters, whose cosy world of cups of tea is set at odds and soothed again by more cuppers. The play's weakness is that it moves tureMly and slowly, or at least it did on television.

It was well acted John Slater as the loud-mouthed Jacko, Ruth Dunning fonce Mrs Grove and now in a much more savage milieu) as Nell, and Andree Melly as the pretty Kathv. But it was all rather over-acted, or perhaps over-violently produced. Everything was in extremes, and a little more subtletv would have been valuable. For once it was quite a relief to hear the voice of the advertisement after the crediit titles What wonderful crumpets again" dear." Twas the voice of the turtle, an endiwH to pain. Smokers at the.

age of seven; survey among children Figures given after a survey carried out among 8,314 children in schools in Oxfordshire show that more than a quarter of the boys interviewed have taken up smoking. An interim report on the survey, among children aged 11 to 19, was presented yesterday to the special services board of Oxfordshire education committee by Dr P. W. Bothwell, acting principal schooi medical officer. According to Dr Bothwell about 4,375 is being spent each year on cigarettes by the children interviewed.

The report shows that 193 boys had their first cigarette when they were seven years of age or younger. Rise in level of recruitment for Anglican clergy By a Correspondent Nearly a thousand young men offered themselves last year for the ministry of the Church of England, and 922 of them attended the 44 selection conferences which were organised to discover their suitability. Those then recommended for training numbered 714 of these recommendations 183 were conditional. This high level of recruitment is regarded as one of the most encouraging signs of a revival of interest in the parson's calling and will help to offset the serious increase- in the age-level of the clergy. For the first time since the war more than five hundred men were ordained during the year.

This, however, is still 100 short of the minimum needed. Recruiting grounds As a recruiting ground for would-be parsons, the R.A.F. still holds a high place, although the number of registrations has fallen with the slowing down of National Service. Last year the number was 125 compared with 237 the previous year. The grammar schools are also becoming potential recruiting grounds, with 168 schoolboys attending the specially organised conferences, and at the various career's exhibitions the Church exhibit always attracts considerable attention.

This kind of recruiting is also venturing into the world of agricultural and industrial exhibitions. Local education authorities are now giving generous grants for ministerial education, and the Church finds that parents are now more willing than in previous years to assist financially. A. UNIQUE MUSICAL WEEK-END for record connoEaseura anil lovera of classical music The Lons Playtna Record Library. Ltd.

tnvitea vou to THE MARCH LP WEEK-END CONFERENCE NORBRECK HYDRO, BLACKPOOL, Friday to Sunday UnclusWe). MARCH 13-13. Frosramme includes Talks by Leading Personalities of the Gramophone World (Including Edward Greenfield) Live and Recorded Music Recitals Demonstrations of Stereophonic Sound Film Programme Live Orchestral Concert Booklns lee tncudes accommodation and all main meals (from Friday evening to Sunday cvenine Incl. 5iltns 1 Write now (or oroaramme and Cull particulars ot chls unique event a must for atl music lowers THE LONG PLAYING RECORD LIBRARY, Squires Gate Station Approach, BLACKPOOL ROYAL COURT. (SIo.

174J.) 7.30. S. 5. 8.15. To.

2.30. The Lona and the Short and the TaM. ST MARTIN'S. (Tem 1443.) Evg. 8.0.

Sal. 5.30, 8.30. i- 2-30 Cela Johnson. Joan Greenwood. Hugh Williams.

The Grass Is Greener. Dir. by Jack Minster. SAVILLE. (Tern.

4011.) Evgs. 8. Sats 5.15 and 8.30, WJS- 'fS' VALMOUTH. Sandy Wilson's new musical. Wickedly bnluant.

enchanting." Daily Express SAVOY. (Tem 8888.) Eiss. 7.30. W. 2.30.

Sets 5. 8.15 NLAIUCS, NAUNTON WAYNE A DAY IN THE LIFE OF Laugh 7 We couldn't stop STwANR- 2660 Ev" 7-30. Sals 5.15. 8.30 Mat. Wed.

2.40. FOR ADULTS ONLY. New Revue. VAUDEVILLE. (Tem 4871.) Evas.

8. Th 2.30 Sat 5 "5fc SALAD DAYS. Musical by Slade Reynolds 5th YEAR. Price, still only 156 to 51- VICTORIA PALACE. (Vic.

1317., 6.15 8.45. Glenn Melvvn. Danny Ross. FRIENDS AND NEIGHBOURS. Farce.

Must term. February 28 WHITEHALL. (Whl. 6692.) Evas 7.30. W.

2.30. Sat. IS- Briao Rl1' Leo Franklyn. Simple Spymen. WINDMILL.

PIcc. Clrc. REVUDEVILLE. 28th year. 303rd ed.

(2nd Cont dly 12.15-10.35. Last pert. 9 p.m. A Von Danm Production. "We Neter Closed." WYNDHAMS.

(Tem. 302S.) Ergs. 8.30. Sat. 5.30 and 8.30.

Main. Wed. at 2.30 THE BOY FRIEND. Last week. Com Feb 10" at 7.30.

A Taste or Honey. OPERA AND BALLET CO VENT GARDEN. THE ROYAL BALLET. To-night at 7.30 Ondlne. 7.30 Coppella.

Cov. 1066. COVENT GARDEN OPERA. Wed. 7.30 SALOME.

Thur. 7.30 Last perf. of THE MAGIC FLUTE. PRINCES. (Tem.

6596.) D'OYLY CARTE OPERA CO. Evgs. 7.30. Maul. S.

2.30. W. Mikado. S. Cox and Box.

Pinafore. Next W. Ruddigore. Gondoliers. SADLER'S WELLS.

(Ter. 1672.) Evga. 7.30. To-night Plying Dutchman. Wed.

FalstacT. Th. Marry Widow. Prt. Samson and Dtlllah.

Sat. Eugene Onegin. The Central Council for the Care of ttv nllr nj Churches strongly urges the Church our London att of England to take seriously its respon- full use, such as Southwark Cathedral sibility to preserve -Its architecturally and St Martin-in-the-Fields. Alterna-and historically important buildings tive uses for a church can be found even if they are no longer required for by the. Church itself.

St Margaret's, public worship. In the council's thir- Canterbury, has been turned into a teenth report (published to-day by the centre for the deaf and dumb Holy Church Information Board, 3s) the Trinity, Marylebone, is the head-temptation for the Church to sell sites quarters of the S.P.C.K., with offices, in town areas in order to pay for the stores, a' cinema, and a chapel and building of churches in the new there is a plan to turn St Martin-cum-housing areas is recognised. The Gregory, York, into a columbarium a council' doubts, however, whether any depository for ashes, buildings are being erected which are The council suggests that if the good enough to be considered a fair Church can find no use for a building exchange for those which may' be it could.be to a public body for a demolished or allowed to -decay. suitable purpose with the proviso that Many churches which were at one the Chuch may resume possession if time considered redundant are now in required. Four old churches in Boy meets girl eventually In the last decade American social psychologists have made striking contributions to our understanding of the working of modern society, and to-day Miscellany privileged to be able to give news of yet another piece of recently completed research which may prove to be of profound social significance.

A copy has come into our hands of a report drawn up by the United States Department of Health. Education, and Welfare on a study carried out among 384 boys and girls in a school in a rural community in upstate New York. It was designed to throw light on a matter which has been exercising more enlightened educational psychologists for some time: namely the relationships between social need strivings and development of heterosexual affiliations, The result of the survey is perhaps best described in the actual words of the report. First the methods employed: "On basis of psychological and statistical considerations Syracuse Scales of Social Relations administered to the entire sample. Needs of play-mirth and succorance (as defined by Murray) were developed in the present study to demonstrate two contrasting developmental relationships of sex cleavage.

Data analysed for differences in mean ratings for cross sex, and same sex ratings and in terms of intra-individual variability of ratings made. A grade-placement trend analysis was run for each category of ratings." The results achieved by these techniques can only be described as startling. The excitement of the investigators, in fact, is clearly reflected in the report's summary of their findings: Data support conclusion that each sex regards their same sex classmates as being better able to satisfy their succorance and playmirth needs, at all grade levels. Trend analyses support conclusion of a decrease in mean ratings with increasing grade placement. Mean ratings were generally higher for need playmirth than need succorance.

Trend for intra-individual variability indices were in the direction of decreasing variability with increasing grade placement." One can only hope that Mr Geoffrey Lloyd will give this striking document the attention it deserves. Unfair to privates Regiments can be verv touch about the names thev are familiairly known by The King's Own Scottish Borderers, lor instance, wace an unending war against being called the Kosbies, and MANCHESTER THEATRES. ETC. OPERA HOUSE. Two weeks at 6 and' 8.30.

HARRY sELWMjjt me greatest London palladium snow LARGE AS LIFE. Price! 106, 9-. 5(6. 5-. 2(6.

Februari 16 week ai it. Wed. 2.30 Sal. 5 a S. MARGARET LOCKWOOD in George Bateson's New Thriller MURDER ON ARRIVAL.

Pricea 86, 66. 46. 4-. 2-. MondayL Two Scuta for Price of One.

Monday Feb 2a, fort 6 Evening! at 6.30. Man. U.JO SARAH CHURCHILL. JOHN JUSTIN. JULIA LOCKWOOD in M.

Barrle'a Immoral PETER PAN, Pricea 86. 66. PALACE THEATRE, jjfat tr Aom Arnoa Dresenu unucKtLLa wfS BOB MpNKHOUSE. Denla Goodwin. Maraaiei LIBRARY THEATRE.

1 CEN 7401. bvemnxa at 7 p.m. HANe. THE WITCH THE GOBBIN, HIPPODROME. ArdWieti.

EvenirSTTt 7 MaUoeea VrZy nun et sat. at 2. Also Matinee on 9 at 2. Emlle -LUtler-a Great Pantomime DICK WHITTTNGTON with BURTtS? MARGARET ICE-SKATING TO-DAY. 10-12.

26; 2-5. 26: 7-10. PALACE. BLA969B. frnT tfl U' AQUARIUM.

da.HV 14 Sune.l Bora. Reuauranta. Cafea Partita any mimher (apply Catering Manager! MVRRPnni Till? an Rare LIVERPOOL PLAYHOUSE. (Royal Saturday, 4 43 'fi 5 cm AFFAIRS OF STATE. Feb Iflth! Toneb or tba 8ns ffim- BEATRICE LILLIE as Auntie 6404.) S.

S. S.30. a tXltliei BiilKh Laughter all the way." AMBASSADORS. 1171.) Evgs. 7.30.

Tu. 2.30. i.u. a 'HtMOUSCTBAP, by Agatha Christie 2 ws. Evgs.

7.30. Sat. o.jj,, cu. arian tteece In Tne Tunnel ol hou" howl In People. CHRYSANTHEMUM with Pat Klrkwood.

Hubert Ir5.nners here wennesday. February 18. cg' (per. 6877.) Cinerama's 7 Wonders ol the World (U) Dally 2.30. 6.0.

8.40. Otch. 2.5. 5.35. 11.15 COLISEUM.

(Tem. 3161.5 Twice dally 2.30. 7.30. "Tommy Steele. Jimmy Edwards, Vana.

CINDERELLA. 2578 8 0- W- 2-30. S. 5.30. 8.30 FIVE FINGER EXERCISE.

Brilliant." E. News. MfL Astonishing first play." star CRITERION, Whi 3216.1 Evas, at S.30. Mat. Thurs hiiL Sau 5-3.

s-30 WILFRID HYDE WHITE In r.i9T.,,N THE BOOK. Directed by Nigel Patrick. DRURY LANE. (Tem. BIOS.) Harrison.

Julie Andrews, MY FAIR LADY. Stanley Holloway. Evgs. 7.30. Mat Sat.

at 2.3U. Tickets at theatre P.rJSf2.Jlom 1950. now available at box office. DUCHESS. fc-243.) Evgs.

7.30. Sat. 5.15. 8. Th.

SEVEE ASHERSOV. NIGEL STOCK. V. FAREBROTHER. THE UNEXPECTED GUEST.

AGATHA CHRISTIE'S brilliant new WHODUNNIT. DUKE OF YORK'S. (Tem. 5122.1 Evas. 7.30.

Th. 2.45, Sat. 5.30. 8.30. BREATH OF SPRING.

"EASILY THE FUNNIEST COMEDY OF THE YEAR." FORTUNE. 1em. 2238.) 8. Sat. 5.30.

8.30. Michael Flandera, Donuld Swann. AT THE DROP OF A HAT, An After-dinner Farrago. 3rd year. GARRICK.

(Tem. 46DI.1 8. FrI. and Sat 6. S.30.

LIVING FOR PLEASURE. New revue. Dora Bryan's triumph." D. Mail. Very funny." E.

New, GLOBE. (Oer. 1592.1 Evgs. 7.30. Wed.

and Sat. 2.30. EIGHTY IN THE SHAPE. By Clemenee Dane, this is more than just a praiseworthy and foolhardy attempt at the impossible. Apart from Tracy's performance there are quite beautiful sequences, like the misty, lamp-lit procession of the fishermen down to the shore in the hour before dawn, which catch the spirit of Hemingway's pantheism better than any other film of his work has done.

Jose Ferrer's version of the Dreyfus case. "I Accuse" (Eoyal), is the more depressing In spite of its distinguished cast Ferrer himself playing Dreyfus. Donald Wolfit. Leo Genn. Felix Aylmer, and half -a dozen other first-rate actors it gives a very flat, rhetorical, and uninspiring account of the great story.

Party Girl." a more recent release which goes with it, is an expensive harking back to the bad old davs in Chicago, worth noting only for the playing of Lee J. Cobb as a gang boss of the fruitiest vintage. MANCHESTER CATHEDRAL Tuesday. a.m.: Hairy Communion. II a.m.: Matins.

12 noon: Service for members of the Theatrscal Profession: Preacher, iihe REgbt Molson. M.A-. Lofd Bishop of Middle ion 5 30 p.m.: Evcnsoiw: Ho ells. Gloucester; Anthem. Lumen ad revelstionem cBvrdh Australia? The potential value of such a friendly and efficient service is obvious.

Its full value is known only to those who already have enjoyed it. The Bank has many leaflets and booklets available, including a useful and comprehensive survey "Establishing a Business in-Australia As a first step, may we send you a copy? SPECIALIST DEPARTMENTS AT MAIN OFFICES INCLUDE: BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DEPARTMENT TRAVEL DEPARTMENT POSTE BESTANTE You have thousands informative friends there already when you use TUESDAY MIDDAY CONCERTS HOUUJSWORTH HALL. TO-DAY 1 10 to 2 p.m. GRACE WILKINSON Pianoforte Recital. WINNER OF THE QUEEN'S PRIZE, 1955.

Admission 2- Children If- MANCHESTER CINEMAS CJNEFHONE, Market SI. 4th week. Bar dot. GiWn. Feulllere.

Lo la my Frohadon (X). (How Nflirahty How Delectable) I2.JS. 3.30. 6J 8 40. GAIETY Peter Street.

BLA 0866 Contimtous from 12 20 pjn. SPENCER TRACY in Ernest Hemmlneway'a THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA CUJ at 2.10. 5.30. 8.30 (Ul Last romplate orooramma at 7 o.m ODEON, Oxforo St Corn. 12.45.

Second Week. Irwrld Bergman. Robert Dtmnl, THE INN OF THE SIXTH HAPPINESS 'Ul C'ScooeCo) 5 4 25 7 40 EXHIBITIONS EXHIBITION OF MODERN FRENCH AND ENGLISH PAINTINGS CRANE GALLERY. 33 South Kin Street. Manchester 2.

DBA 571S, Daily 10 a.m. to 5.30 p.m., Saturday 30 a.m. to i p.m. LONDON THEATRES HAYMARKET. (Whl.

9S32. Evas. 7.30. Wed. 2.30, Sat.

5.30 and 8.30. TWO FOR THE SEESAW. Peter Finch Is passionately tender, Gerry Jedd ts the most lovable little girl." Daily Sketch, HER MAJESTY'S. OYhl. 6606.) Mon.

to FrI. 7.30. Sat, 5.0 and 8.0 Wed. 2.30. WEST SIDE STORY.

A Musical with Full New York Cast. HIPPODROME. Rcg. 5051.) Now "THE TALK OF THE TOWN." Dinner, dancing, revue: stage apectaele' TiOLir ihow 7.30 p.m.-1.30 a.m all inclusive 426 LYRIC. (Ger 3686.) Evgs.

7.45. Sacs. 5.15 and 8.30. EUaabeth SeaL Keith MicheU in IRMA LA DOUCE. Musical.

LYRIC. H'amllh. iRiv. 4432.) Mon. to Frl.

8. Thur. 3. Sa 5 0 and 8.15 50 Theatre Co. Damon's Death.

NEW CTem 3878J Evgs. 7.45. Sat. 5 and 8.30. Mat IiJ3S.

Sata Wanamaker in THE ROSE TATTOO, by Tennessee Williams. OLD VIC. (Wat. 7616.) 7.15. Sat 2 30.

To-night Fri. GHOSTS (last 3 peVla.) Th aS 1st MACBETH. Feb. II. Mollere Double Bill.

PALACE. (Ger. 6834.) Till Febtuary 21, 8. S. 5.30.

8 30 Nor.nan Wisdom In WHERE'S CHARLEY Pi.y-'Y5J.UM- Gcr' 7373.) 2.45 and 7.30. SLEEPING BEAUTY. Charlie Drake Bernard Bresslaw. Edmund i.ritelfi$W'Broee Forsyth Patnc.a Lambert. PHOE1SIX.

(Tem 9611.1 7.30. 2 SO, S. 5 and Lesley Storm'a ROAR LIKE A DOVE. 2nd yea? picA-ADirUrrvin, Tynan. Observer.

PICCADILLY. (Ger. 4056.) Monday to Friday 7.30 HublftbSrin the Bank of New South Wales. This, the largest bank 'down under' has well over 1,000 branches all over Australia and New Zealand, at all of which specially trained staff provides the most, friendly and efficient banking services. The many experienced branch managers and other senior officials are able to provide up-to-date and authoritative information regarding local trading conditions for all manner of business activities.

ew South Wales Main London Office 29 Threadneedle E.C.2. Cf Head Office: Sydney, Australia. (Incorporated in Australia with Umiled liability)- I ALL OVER AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND.