The Guardian du lieu suivant : London, Greater London, England • 7

NEWS THE GUARDIAN Friday October 17 1980 7. Reagan starts to reap support in Carter country Kania says transformation process is 'irreversible' Polish union leaders scent court victory From Reuter in Warsaw Poland's biggest free trade union, Solidarity, expects to be legally registered today after apparently winning a three-week wrangle with a Warsaw court over the wording of its statutes. A delegation from the union, based in Gdansk, led by former crane operator, Anna Walentynowiez, said yesterday after a six-hour meeting with the court's judge, that they were confident Solidarity would be registered today without further problems. Solidarity claims' more than four million members and expects several million more will join once it. has formal legal status.

This would make it the largest legally-recognised organisation in Poland, bigger than the Communist Party. The Roman Catholic Church claims the loyalty of most Poles The Solidarity delegates said they conceded only two points CAMPAIGN TRAIL From Alex Brummer in Birmingham, Alabama AT A rally for Ronald Reagan, in front of the Hilton Hotel in the centre of Birmingham, Mr William Glenn, a part-time Baptist minister, moves among the all crowd talking to old political friends and passing leaflets urging revived leadership" at all levels. Carter's a fellow Baptist, so would ordinarily support him." argues Mr Glenn, a stout man in glasses. "I middle 1976. But he has failed to live up to the responsibilities of President of the US." He disparages the President for his handling of the hostage crisis with Iran and says Mr Carter has failed to realise, the avowed purpose of the Soviets is to choke the American economy." Mr Glenn, like So many Southerners, and for a variety of reasons, has made Mr Carter's prospects on his home in November that much more tenuous.

A South Carolina; businessman says it: is time. to give Mr Reagan's economics and investment a chance." group of. Cubans appearing at a rally in Tampa, Florida, display banners complaining that $75 millions Nicaragua is $75 millions for In Orlando, a band of Jewish Reagan supporters express anger at US votes on the Palestinians and Jerusalem at the UN. And everywhere that Mr Reagan goes throughout the South, banners declaring abortion is murder" are prominently on display. So strong has the bad feeling about Mr Carter been in Florida, that it was only in the last week the Democratic Governor, Mr Bob Graham, a loyal Carter supporter, was possible for the President to come to the state encountering hostile d'emonstrations about his Cuban refugee problem.

To prepare the for Mr Carter's arrival, several thousand refugees living under a motorway in Miami were shipped to Puerto Rica on the White House's orders. On arrival in the state, Mr Carter symbolically went to the State Legislature in Tallahassee to. si sign into law a Federal bill giving Florida $100 millions of assistance to settle the refugees. Florida, where much of the southern campaigning been concentrated, is a state where Mr Reagan's challenge is in the 10 objections raised by the judge to the proposed statutes. These were submitted to the court by Solidarity's leader, Mr Lech Walesa on September 24.

On the basis of yesterday's provisional agreement in court, Solidarity will be allowed to work on a countrywide basis. Its statutes will not have to contain any direct reference to the supremacy of the Communist Party over its affairs; it will retain the right to strike; and it will be allowed to bar Party or managerial officials from union office. Solidarity was set up as the first independent trade union in the Soviet block on the basis of an agreement which ended strikes in northern Poland last August. Twelve small independent trade unions have already been officially recognised by Polish courts. Solidarity officials in Warsaw Guerrilla is killed in Salisbury gunfight From John Borrell in Salisbury A guerrilla has been killed in a 40-minute gun battle with a police and army patrol in the Salisbury suburb of Chitung.

wiza. The fighting started on Wednesday night when a rebel from the military wing of Mr Mugabe's ruling ZANU-PF Party emerged from a bar and fired at one of the joint patrols policing Chitungwiza. After the initial burst of firing, guerrillas from the nearby housing complex where several thousand ZANLA men are tremely real: In 1976, Mr Carter; took it and its 17 electoral votes from President Ford. But this year, the Cuban refugee affair, the disaffection of Jewish voters on Golden Coast, which from West Palm Beach to Miami, the Liberty City rioting and MF Carter's low road campaign. tactics have all caused stress.

Recent polls show that, although the: candidates are running neck and- neck, Mr Reagan seems to have the edge, with the independent, Mr John Anderson, having just enough support to swing the contest either way. At stake. throughout the 13 southern states, including Texas, are 145 electoral votes. Last time round Mr Carter swept South with the exception of Virginia. But the polls show that this "time there just: 54 electoral votes he can truly call.

his own at this stage. These come from West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Arkansas, Alabama, and 'his home State of Georgia. But the Reagan camp has. not given up all these as lost. Mr Reagan, who put on a surprisingly strong performance in South Carolina during the Republican primaries, has made a special point of returning during the general election and enjoys the full support of the state's political warhorse and Billygate committee stalwart, Senator Strom Thurmond.

It is possible the the Democratic vote may be affected by the case of Repre- said that Mr. Walesa was expected to arrive in the capital for the court registration before beginning a countrywide tour. Yesterday's apparent breakthrough on the wording of Solidarity's statutes came after a speech on Wednesday night by Party leader, Mr Stanislaw Kania. He again expressed support for the new unions, and said the process of transformation in the country which he described as irreversible was going too slowly. AP adds from Bucharest: The Romanian President and Communist Party chief, Mr Ceausescu, has criticised Polish leniency towards "anti-Socialist elements" the newly emerging 'independent trade unions.

Referring to the independent unions, Mr Ceausescu rhetorically asked of what they were independent. Move to save rig From Jan Tystad in Oslo After a five delay, attempt to save the rig, ander Kelland, is to begin the Norwegian coast of vanger. The North Sea rig was as a floating hotel on the fisk Field when it capsized March, killing 123 workers. The £4 million contract rescue the rig was given to British firm Structural mic, of Portsmouth, and Norwegian subsidiary of Swedish firm, Nico. sentative John Jenrette, recently convicted on corruption charges, but the polls still give Mr Carter the edge.

The economic recession has must be about a the economy. In Alabama, the big question badly hit Birmingham's steel and car industries. and the level of unemployment has soared to 11 per cent. have But President Carter may minimised the damage through his lavish rescue operation for America's steel industry, and the additional benefits for the unemployed in his economic revitalisation programme. However, this certainly came too.

late 'to convince, southern Baptists such. as Mr Glenn, of the correctness of the Carter cause. The only certain Republican state in the South is Virginia and no one disputes that Mr Reagan will take it time. But far more important are the potential Republican states: Mr Reagan has a good 'chance of shocking Mr. Carter on his own turf in Florida and has a tremendous appeal in Texas which has 26 electoral votes, the largest block in the region.

The Reagan camp also has some hopes in Tennessee and Kentucky. The races in Louisiana and Mississippi are so close that neither the pollsters nor the rival campaigns are making confident forecasts. Texas is theoretically a state cast in Mr Reagan's image. Its symbol, the stetson, was the favourite headress at this year's Republican convention. The powerful oil industry is Schmidt in envoy dilemma By Hella Pick East German demands that West Germany's permanent mission in East Berlin be converted into a full-scale embassy may force Chancellor Schmidt to reconsider his plan to replace the Federal Republic's Permanent Representative, Mr Gunther Gaus.

Mr Gaus, who was appointed to East Berlin by the former Chancellor, Mr Brandt has already served there for than six years. An active advocate of normalisation of links with East Germany, Mr Gaus's relations with Mr Schmidt have, nevertheless, not always been smooth. In any case, the Chancellor had felt that, once the Federal elections were out of the way, it would be time for a change. It is widely rumoured that Chancellor Schmidt's spokesman, Mr Klaus Bolling would be nominated to succeed Mr Gaus, though Schmidt was repeatedly also considering at least one other name for this sensitive post. Now, however, there are doubts in Bonn about whether the East Germans would be willing to accredit any successor to Mr Gaus unless Bonn nominates him as Ambassador.

This the Federal Republic is not empowered to do, as it would be politically impossible, and unconstitutional. The establishment of an Embassy would imply West German acceptance of the longstanding demand. now again revived by the East German leader, Mr Honecker, that the Federal Republic should finally accept that the division of Germany permanent, and that the German Democratic Republic is a separate country with its own citizenship. being accommodated joined the fray. The shooting, lasted until midnight local residents saw tracers sweeping the sky and heard at least four loud explosions thought to have been mortars The clash, which is the first big incident in Chitungwiza since the guerrillas began mov.

ing in earlier this month. raises questions about security arrangements in the two encampments housing guerrillas from the rival Patriotic Front and ZANU-PF. US-Russian an missile talks get off to a slow start angry: at President. Carter for "his tax on their, so. called windfall profits," and Mr Reagan's running mate, Mr George Bush, regarded, as a local boy and commands strong support in the Houston But Mr Carter also.

has plenty going for him and political observers- believe it will be a bruising and 'close to the finish. The. President's. great strength is among the minorities, particularly the Hispanic population, which was so well organised, by Senator Kennedy in the Democratic primaries. "The election is going to turn on the Hispanic vote," concedes Mr James Baker, a senior Reagan adviser state.

That's our ace in the hole," says Robert Beckel, Mr. Carter's campaign. COordinator on the ground. The Democrats and Mr Carter also. have several other factor's in their favour.

The state has a larger proportion of registered Democratic voters and a. smaller proportion of Republicans than others in the country. It also has a remarkably strong economy, despite this year's slowdown, SO Mr Carter cannot be blamed for any gloom, The State Land Commissioner, Mr Robert Armstrong, recently said: The economic issues don't crunch here there's no real big unemployment. Interest rates are up, but you can find mortgage money." The Republicans claim they 6 are up. to 17.

points ahead in the state. But the independent polls fail to. bear this out. The New York Times CBS polls give Mr Carter 40 per cent' against 39 per cent for Mr Reagan and the Washington Post has, them running dead even per cent each. So at this stage it appears to either candidate's state.

Tennessee, although it is right in the Carter sphere of geographical influence, is these days heavy with Republican office-holders. These include the Governor, Mr. Lamar Alexander, and the Senate minority leader, Mr Howard Baker: For much of the summer and into early September this was said to have given Mr Reagan the edge. But Senator Baker has spent much of his time in other states during the campaign working on improving the Republican position in the Senate, so Mr Reagan has not been getting his consistent support and this is thought to have given Mr. Carter the momentum, a fact he has tried to build on of late with a campaign appearance.

Mr Carter was the very clear victor in 1976. But this time the pollsters think he will find it more difficult. Kentucky, with nine electoral votes, was won comfortably by President Carter in 1976, but recent polls have shown him to be in trouble in the state. The hope in the Carter camp is that the challenge of. Mr Anderson will fade and with Rescue workers pull a dead baby from rubble in the Algerian city of El Asnam, which was devastated by an earthquake last Friday the help of the Democratic cratic Governor, Mr William Governor, Mr John Brown, the Winter.

Democrats will be able to save However, the Reagan camthe state from the hands of Mr paign enjoys the support of Reagan. the moral a wellIn Louisiana, the contest for funded group of religious funthe state's 10 electoral votes damentalists whose ideas have also a toss This time it is an appeal to the conservative Mr Reagan who will enjoy the white population. It must again support of a popular Republi- be considered a marginal state. can Governor, Mr David Treen, the first in the state since Re- The encouraging thing for construction. Mr Carter in the South is that As in its larger neighbour, he already seems to have at Texas, there are strong doubts least 54 electoral votes locked fits tax on the oil companies.

eminently possible. a a Mr Reagan, about Mr Carter's windfall pro- up and another 19 which look But Mr Carter may reap some on the other hand, would only benefit from the presence in seem to have 12 in the bag his cabinet of Mr Moon Lands- and has 43 to catch, including rieu, the former Mayor of New the prizes of Texas and Orleans. ida. On some counting. Mr Carter But it is distressing for the owed his election victory in Carter camp to have to spend 1976 to the support of the so much effort on the South, blacks.

This year it has been which Jimmy Carter as the slow in coming through as first incumbent from the blacks have suffered more than. region in 120 years (excluding most from unemployment and LBJ), ought to win without shortage of funds in the inner difficulty. Instead, he is having cities. to make frequent campaign In Mississippi and in other stops, when his efforts would southern states the be better concentrated in the turnout could mean the differ- industrial states. ence between a Carter sweep in the South and some substan- His outbursts against Mr tial victories for Mr Reagan.

Reagan on race do not seem to have gone down well, except Mississippi, with its seven among blacks, but that may electoral votes, went narrowly have been the President's infor the President last time. tention. The White House But victory was only achieved hopes that, when it comes. to in then early hours of the morn- the final choice, an errant ing by the narrowest of Southerner like Mr Carter will majorities after the blacks had be preferred to the aging Wesgone to the polls shortly terner, Mr Reagan, however before they closed. This time, attractive a candidate he may Mr Carter will be depending seem when the polls are being on the support of the Demo- taken.

13 6 Longo dies at 80 From George Armstrong in Rome Mr Luigi Longo, one of the founders of the Italian Communist Party, died yesterday in Rome after a long illness, aged 80. He succeeded the late Mr Palmiro Togliatti party leader in 1964, ands handed over that post to his chosen successor, Mr Enrico Berlinguer, in 1972. Mr Longo joined the Socialist Party when he was 19 and two years later headed the party's renegade Communist faction. He was tortured by the Fascists in 1924 and later fought with the International Brigade in Spain. He was in France in 1940, when the Vichy authorities turned him over to the Italians who held him in gaol until 1943.

The American army decorated him with a Bronze Star In 1968, he led his party to condemn the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, but he was not always happy with the policies his successor, Mr Berlinguer, particularly with the latter seeking an alliance with the Christian Democrats. Mr Longo's seat in the Chamber of Deputies will be taken by Miss Carla Gravina, the actress who had come in second place on last year's Communist list for the MilanPavia constituency. Mrs Bandaranaike stripped of civic rights Mrs Bandaranaike will not be able to contest a seat at the parliamentary election in 1983, nor stand in the presidential election in 1984. She is also barred from holding any public office for seven years. Bandaranaike became the world's first woman Prime From Ian Templeton in Wellington A revolt against the Prime Minister of New Zealand, Mr Robert Muldoon, broke into the open yesterday at the Government caucus meeting in Parliament buildings.

A strong element within the caucus challenged the Prime Minister and sought to replace him with his Deputy, Mr Brian Talboys, who is visiting Europe. The debate ended without a vote, but Mr Muldoon said that the question of his leadership was still open and a vote could yet take place at a further meeting. Mr Muldoon agreed that he did not have the full confidence of the But he did not concede that he should stand down. I wish to lead the National Party to victory next year. I believe I can." The challenge has come after soul-seeking within the ruling National Party, after its shock defeat in the East Coast Bays byelection in suburban Auckland.

Once regarded as a Muldoon power base. Mr Muldoon's popularity has declined sharply, and yesterday the executive of the party adopted a resolution which questioned his style of leadership, and called for a review. the Alexoff Sta- used Ekoin to the Dynathe the Hella Pick Each side has reasons for Brezhnev, has said that the Schmidt's visit to Moscow and station cruise missiles and By delay. The US considers it poli- Soviet Union would only be earlier this year. He has advanced Pershings in Europe.

talks talks while Russian troops re- its SS20 missiles after the cesses of his foreign policy of manded that the West should The heralded US Soviet tically difficult to enter fresh willing to implement limits to claimed it as one of the suc- But the Soviet Union demuch missiles had a low-key opening main in Afghanistan. And US SALT II Treaty already over seeking to maintain East-West put existing forward-based sysin Geneva yesterday. public opinion is demanding a a year out is ratified by the talks, and detente in Europe, tems in Europe, as well as the Staffed only by middle-rank- stronger US defence capability. US Senate. despite Soviet intervention in new missiles on to the negoing arms control experts, and While President Carler con- President Carter has pro- Afghanistan.

tiating table. Another condition without the presence of senior siders it politically expedient mised fresh efforts to secure a Until the Schmidt visit, the was that SALT II should be political representatives, both to demonstrate a willingness to the treaty's ratification while Soviet Union had demanded ratified. delegations emphasised they discuss arms control; at least Mr Reagan has repeatedly de- that NATO unilaterally revoke When the US Secretary of were only sitting down to until the election is decided, clared his opposition to the its decision to modernise State, Mr Muskie, met the about talks." he cannot make any move cap- treaty and would presumably medium-range nuclear missiles Soviet Foreign Minister, Mr It will be a long haul, to able of being interpreted as urge the Senate, already very stationed in Europe. At the Gromyko, at the UN in Sepeffective negotiations aimed at being soft on the Russians. doubtful about its merits, not Moscow summit, Mr Brezhnev tember, the two fixed the date containing the race in medium- The Soviet Union wants to to proceed.

agreed that talks to limit Euro- for the missile talks to begin it nuclear missiles with know the outcome the US elec- The decision to engage in strategic missiles on both sides, this week in Geneva. But the two super powers tion before allowing these talks US-Soviet negotiations to limit should take though has only now become clear are confronting each other in to become more than a forma- Euro-strategic missiles was the Western 'Alliance would go that neither side has prepared Europe. lity. The Soviet leader, Mr. taken after Chancellor ahead with to produce a serious negotiating brief, Western gloom on prospects for detente about the likelihood of that happening.

Several ministers said that the recent decision of the East German Government in making it much more difficult for Wes. tern visitors to travel to- East Germany indicated that there was a loss of interest in detente. Speaking during an interval in the meeting, the Minister of Mr. State at the Foreign Office, Douglas Hurd, said that he wondered. also whether the Russians are not getting fed up with detente, in the light of the invasion of Afghanistan and the enunciation of the Brezhnev doctrine." The West European Govern: ments have also been struck by the increasingly tough line being taken by the Soviet Union and its allies in the prei paratory conferences for Mad rid.

It seemed that the Soviet Government wanted to place, in advance, some limits on the full implementation of the Helsinki agreement. Despite the pessimistic tone From Reuter 'in Colombo Sri Lanka's Parliament yesterday stripped former Prime Minister, Mrs. Bandaranaike, of her civic rights for seven years, after a stormy debate in which one of her supporters was removed from the chamber. slow start action -is coming from parliamentarians in a number of West European countries if democratic Government is not restored. The MPs have also been concerned at reports that some trade union and political prisoners have died after being tortured in Turkish military gaols recently, although there is general support for army action being taken against the Turkish, Islamic, and neoFascist movements.

The attitude, of European Governments towards army rule clearly influenced. by the crisis in neighbouring Iran, and the hope that the Turkish military can ensure that Turkey does not alter its proWestern orientation." Some Governments also point out that the military regime in Ankara has also made efforts to unlock the deadlocked Community talks in Cyprus and to help to get an agreement with Greece, which will make it sible for Greece to rejoin NATO. Minister in 1960 and served dential commission, which intwo terms between then and vestigated allegations of mal1977. practice by her governments. Parliament also disenfran- Her Freedom Party and the chised for seven years her Separatist Tamil United Liberanephew, Felix Dias Bandara- tion Front voted against the naike.

a former minister. resolutions, they were The moves were on the easily with the requisite recommendation of a presi- two thirds majority. From John Palmer, European Editor in Strasbourg WEST European Governments are becoming. increasingly gloomy about prospects for agreement at the forthcoming 'conference on security and cooperation in Madrid. They fear that, partly as: a result of the recent Polish general strike, the Soviet Union intends to give detente a much lower priority in its foreign policy relations with the West.

The gloom and the sense of unease about the future pattern in East-West relations surfaced here yesterday, during a meeting of the foreign ministers of the 20-country Council of Europe. Although all the ministers insisted that every effort should be made to secure agreement on the full implementation of the Helsinki final act at Madrid, there was considerable scepticism of the discussions on Madrid, it was agreed that the West Europeans should ensure the maximum attendance at ministerial level, at least for the opening In stages of the Council conferaddition, the of Europe gave its backing for a French proposal for a European disarmament conference which is to be discussed at Madrid, but would be linked to the implementation for the socalled confidence building measures to achieve detente. A minority of Governments represented in Strasbourg yesterday made it clear that they still expect a thaw in Soviet attitudes before the start of the Madrid conference. Several expressed agreement with the sentiment expressed earlier this week in a speech to the European Parliament by the former West German Chancellor, Mr Brandt, who decried the attitude that, if one cannot have detente everywhere, one can have it nowhere." There appears to be some interest in the Soviet proposal that there should be a ban on military exercises involving more than 50,000 troops. Some Western Governments, notably Norway and Canada, believe that this figure should be reduced to 10,000 troops and that all exercises of more than 25,000 troops should be reported.

The Council of Europe ministers situation went in on Turkey to review after the military coup last month. But the ministers were expected to do no than reiterate stand already, taken by the Common Market governments, which expressed the concern of the Nine at developments: in Turkey which the imposition of military rule, and expressing the hope that the army would honour promises to respect human rights and ensure an early return to democratic Government. There is no move to suspend Turkey from membership of the council at this stage, although pressure for some COOKER PRICES Now's the time to buy a new electric cooker from the Rumbelows and as a special offer we'll give you £20 for your old electric Everything you buy from.us is backed by our unique Rumbelows ANDREMOVAL Bond, which means: OLD COOKER $20 FOR FREE DELIVERY OF OLD FREE DAY SERVICE EXCHANGE FOR A YEAR ELECTRIC CHOICE OF HOWTO PAY INCLUDING ACCESS AND BARCLAYCARD. Tricity President 2555 Creda Cavalier 40051 Double oven. 'Britain's most 'Economiser' popular cooker! energy Full width grill.

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