The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 12

THE MANCHESTER GVAKblMi, THURSDAY, JULY 22, 1937 12 The B.M.A. Meetings A STUBBORN MEDICAL PROBLEM Claims for the Egg-White Treatment for Haemophilia A PROFESSORS DOUBTS THE CONGRESS CABINETS An Early Dilemma LACK OF FUNDS FOR REFORMS LOW ON THE CRISIS IN NORTH CHINA From our Special Correspondent Simla. July U. The decision of the Working Committee in favour of acceptance 0f office did not come as a surprise to those who were in close touch wn'h the currents of Congress opinion in the provinces. Mr.

Nehru, as of the committee and a loyji colleague of Mr. Gandhi's, h.i.s r.ot been critical of the decision, though he is not fref from 1 1 ij OPERATiOM oh SOOT OP CTMT 5 HO COHCWW OF fSv I pvwtl neouivus oPBwrtott on throat, please hff rituSI 9TT signifies that the individual has probably at some previous period been infected by and acquired some immunity to tubercle bacilli, but it is no evidence at all that the Individual is suffering from tuberculous disease, except in the case of infants." In his opinion the method of physical examination alone in early diagnosis would be completely unreliable. It was a broken reed. He hoped the day might come when it would be possible to take an annual X-ray photograph of the chest of everv voung person from the ages of 14 to 24. The Shortage of Nurses Dr.

Peter W. Edwards (Nantwich), referring to the shortage of nurses, asked if it was not common sense that girls were not volunteering for the profession because of the hopeless conditions under which they had to. labour. To say that it was impossible to shorten the hours of nurses was wilfully refusing to face facts. The modern trained nurse," he said, "ought to be given the same freedom as a business girl." Dr.

Gardener Robb, superintendent medical officer of Purdysburn Fever Hospital, said that to-day it was almost impossible to get a case of typhoid to show students. The story of an Irish doctor who used to put his typhoid patients in a tank was told by Dr. Robb. The doctor, he said, had seen a new bath treatment i'-i Germany, and, being a good Irishman, he went one better. He had a tank rigged up in a hospital.

It was controlled by a nurse, and when the patients' temperatures went up she poured in more cold water. (Laughter.) There were deaths. tt '-After the deaths," said Dr. Robb, there were inquiries into the working of the hospital and the tank treatment in particular. Some of the patients' relatives alleged that the patients had been drowned and others that they had been frozen, while others again asserted that their friends had been boiled.

That was the end of the tank system in the treatment of typhoid." The Conquest of Enteric Dr. John Ritchie, medical officer of health Dumfriesshire, said that enteric was almost a clinical curiosity. There were many experienced practitioners who had never had occasion to diagnose or treat a case. It was however, still capable of manifesting itself in formidable epidemics. Of no other disease could they say with the same confidence that sanitary activities had completely mmmmm mza (mmm Dr.

V. A. Timperley (Sheffield) replied, at the British Medical Association meeting at Belfast yesterday, to critics of his new egg-white treatment of haemophilia the tendency to excessive bleeding. It was quite clear, he said, that if haemophilia was to be controlled the essential treatment was one which would prevent internal and external haemorrnage. The material obtained from egg-white, which had been used in Sheffield, had in no case produced any signs of intra-vascular clotting, and when properly used it could control very definitely both internal and external haemorrhage.

The treatment advocated must be maintained by eiTective treatment just as in the case of insulin. In addition to 24 cases treated during exacerbations or for short periods of time," said Dr. Timperley, I have had seven authentic hazmophilic patients under observation for twelve months or more and all have been maintained in good health and entirely free from the serious consequences which previously followed minor accidents." Dr. Timperley cited the case of a haemophilic subject injured in a motor accident. For three days he was very ill and collapsed, but at the end of a week was much better, and the wounds were clean and dry.

He made a steady recovery. No sepsis occurred in any of the bruises. He has had eleven teeth extracted altogether since his accident. All the other cases have been maintaining good health and are able to pursue their daily occupations. One man for the first time in his life has worked entirely throughout the winter except for one day following teeth extraction.

Altogether he has had five teeth extracted without any local styptic. Up to date 4 1 teeth have been extracted from haemophilic patients and none of the cases has caused any anxiety or trouble except one. In my opinion, and in the opinion of those who have anything to do with teeth extraction in haemophilia, these operations offer the strongest testimony for the treatment." Professor Clark (Sheffield) said that there had been too much talking and writing and too little experiment. There could not be any doubt about certain of the clinical results, and particularly nbout the extraction of teeth. A Professor's Doubts Professor L.

.1. Witts, of London Univeisitv. said that the hereditary haemorrhagic diseases provided some of the most pathetic cases they saw, and it was natural that they should strive to do everything possible 1o relieve them. Nevertheless their suffering was not lightened by the publication of methods HAftlCY 8TRSST, PCKIN. (By arrangement with the "Evening LONDON'S NEW FIRE BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS Opening by the King From our Fleet Street, Wednesday, A fireman's job, it is said, has much more to do with water than with fire, and when the King to-day opened the London Fire Brigade's new headquarters on the Albert Embankment the weather certainly added to the truth of this saying.

It rained while the crowd waited it rained harder still when the King and Queen arrived and when the royal words of the opening ceremony were delivered from beneath a rather windy awning in the drill yard. The Queen was given an umbrella for the walk across to the building. The brass helmets of two hundred firemen dripped on to their, necks, but of the ceremony was omitted. Lord Snell, the chairman of the London County Council, in his address to the King, spoke of the development and reorganisation of the brigade, and during the fire-fighting demonstration which followed the opening ceremony one had opportunity to reflect on some of these developments. Even the brass helmets are gone now, except for ceremonial occasions to-day they were supplanted by the new leather helmets as soon as the demonstration began.

Then there were all those strange motor vehicles called dispassionately "appliances" and the latest of their kind, which were hurried up to suppress fires in the drill Firemen shot up to a hundred feet high on motor-propelled ladders a hose car came into action in an instant. On the river, meanwhile, just in front of the building, new 'fire-floats," a recent acquisition of the brigade, were shooting their about its risks." But other Socialists are more ouispoKen ana icivars that "it is a triumnh for U. diplomacy and a diversion of Consress activities from ihr for freedom- to social and econornv in i r. iciuwiia. iiiat cumuae ine suciaiisN are bound to maintain, both inside and outsidp the Lpcrislarnroe the coming months.

It is not hke'v" they will go so far as to embarrass trip Minister: Vvi- I. against them in the Legislatives uunng xne next tew weeks Ministers will be preoccupied wiih acquainting themselves with the routine of Cabinet business and pus narincr thpir hurlrpts Vnr tVi. they will have little time, for accord ing to tne ruies tne Duagets must be adopted by the Legislatures before the end of September, and therefore pre-sented at least a month earlier. Some of the spadework has already been done in the provincial secretamts. and in a sense it is fortunate for the Cnnrrress Ministpvs ihat thnir- diate predecessors adopted some items irom tneir programmes for their own budgets.

How far the Congress nartv will nrt detailed proposals resulting therefiom remains io De seen. DUt, at any rate thev Will find that thp the budget will be a simpler task on that account. A skeleton nrnupammo Kino i i i been issuer from AllahaViarl vl, i 1 1 of the United Provinces Congress party. It includes A committee with of reference to inquire mtu tin-conditions of tenants and, as a moratorium for two M-nrs agricultural debts. Taxation of agricultural above a certain limit.

The creation of village panrhai.it (councils of elders). Facilities for technical education and relief of unemployment. A wide franchise for all local authorities. The release of political and rpdiirtinn of salarin; possible are bound to figure in the programmes oi ail tne uonfinN. Governments.

Ministers, it ha-already been announced, will recm-onlv Rs.500 (3.1 Ids i mnnih tl. maximum prescribed by a resolution oi rne ivaracni uongress six years ac It does- not seem lilrplv tW full effect can at nncp hp oiwon to in structive programme of the pariv ne aetaus will need to be worked out from the standpoint of a responsible Government, not, as hitherto, for propaganda purposes. Lack of finjn will be a major obstacle, as even tk interim Ministries have discovciui The electorates will clamour for much larger remissions of land revenu-than seem possible at the moment ana excise, anotner mam source oi revenue for Provincial Government-is condemned by Congress on moral Grounds. Contrress IvUnietprs will he faced at one and the same time witn demands for reduction of taxation almost impossible to resist and v.itH schemes for carrying out the constructive programme which must have resources beyond the capacity of th-provinces, unless the Government India comes to their rescue. That Government, too.

has its problems. For instance, some of the Indian States are insisting on a stoppage of their annual subsidir-s central revenues and may make this a point for bargaining before deciding to enter tne Federation. AUGUST HOLIDAYS by LAND SEA or AIR in Britain or Abroad You will find it a to get your in in advance at COOKS THOS. COOK SON, LTD Only the Companies' fares are charged and no booking fee. If the fare is 15- that is ail "'3 pay to Cooks.

Hotel accommodation roser -r-in advance at British Foreign Resorts. Nearest Braochn MANCHESTER: 11. Market Street, 14, Oxford Street, Victoria Bridge, and Midland Hotel. AIM at Bimv, fMlm. BUektxm.

Uwiiil, maam. IvbOli. Train services advised. Seats reserved on principal expresvi Tickets forwarded trjr poat BIG BENEFITS OFEHE THIS YEAR AS WELL AS LASTING RELIEF RHEUMATISM ABTMHTIS, SCIATICA. 60UT.il I IT A mtff fnrtnHtnv-irmvel.

frOID Wot Information vital owmr ro The Ptsuny Spa Bureau (Dept. Ot. Street, locdon. S.W. 1.

The (Dept. D). 312. Opper Betent Street. Loudon a STUDIO AND SCREEN Disney's Cartoons Hill Country in Colour B.B.C.'s DANCE MUSIC POLICY Autumn Changes Prom our Wireless Correspondent London, Wednesday.

A new dance band policy for the coming autumn is announced by the B.B.C. The object is to widen the appeal of dance music and to make each programme an entertainment in itself. The programmes will be of three kinds. First, there will be dance music for dancing only, and this will be played in strict dance rhythm without vocal refrains. Secondly, for the much larger public who like dance music but do not wish to dance to it there will be special methods of presentation and popular songs will be included.

The third kind of programme will cater for enthusiasts for dance music the people who take it seriously. Gramophone records of interesting forms of jazz will be provided, and there will also be foreign relays. A new feature, consisting of popular songs sung as songs and not as dance music, will be introduced in the daytime. If this is successful it will be extended to the evening programmes. Sixteen firms have intimated their intention of exhibiting television receiving sets at the Olympia exhibition which opens on August 25.

Some may be represented by two receivers. The public will be able to view broadcasts, each lasting fifteen minutes. The B.B.C.'s stand will demonstrate the activities and scope of the Empire broadcasting service. Manufacturers are optimistic about prospects for sales they expect to sell over two million sets. The public has shown that the all-wave set is needed, and most firms will make a feature of these.

UNIVERSITY NEWS OXFORD. July 21. The Professor of Anatomy has reported to the Vice-Chancellor that he has awarded the Theodore Williams Scholarship. 1937. to J.

P. Childs, Keble Ct liege. CAMBRIDGE, July 21. At Corpus Christi College Donaldson Studentships have been awarded' to John Greenfield Hawthorne, B.A., Rugby School, former Manners Scholar of the College (Class II, division 1, part 1, and Class I. part 2, of the Classical Tripos) end George Leslie Wilde.

B.A., City of Norwich School, former Foundation Scholar of the College (Class I in parts 1 and 2 of the Historical Tripos). ROYAL ACADKMY OF MUSIC The Royal Academy of Music, York Gate, London, announces the following prize awards: Alfred, J. Waley Pr.re tVlolin). Emanuel Hurvrtts fa native ol London). Matthevr PhtlHnore.

Prise (Mate Planiita). Patrick Piefott natlTe of Dover). Sir Edward Cooper Pritt Olive Zortan (first riolini. Uirjon Livers (second violin). (viola, and Vivian Joseph cello).

Prize Cello Vivian Joseph "fa native ol Port T.lboD. Frederick Westlake Memorial Prra.lMale Pianist). Patrick Pireott la native of Dover). Cuthbert Nunn Prtte (Corapoeitfon). Geraldlne Thomson (a native of London).

Gilbert R. Betjeminn Memorial Prize all voltes). E. Muriel HUl (a native of London). John B.

atcEaen Prise- fBnaexnble). giairme Nenrah Bxst violin). Robert H- Masters (second vtolirjl. Aubrey Appleton (viola), and Jovce Cohen I cello). Swansea Eisteddfod Prire (Tenors).

John Pollard (a native of Brecon). Charles Lucas Prtee (Compasitjon). Cecil- norlinc (a native of Ipswich). CecU Martin Prise (Elocution). Jenny Oartrott (a native of Loftu-in-Clevcland) Parepa-Rcaa, Prise (Contraltos).

Joan Leraiard (a native of London). J. aod J. Brentn Prise (Violin). Uarv Oeorra (a native of Svansea).

Isabel Jar Memorial Prise (Sopranos). Alison Beid (a native of London). Pianotorte Accompaniment Prize. Asrj MUler. B.

Even Prise (Am-al Trainmo. JeaoaetU Smut Karsherson Prist (MnHdanaMp). Gerald Cover. vtvSSr'SSSaS0- aner scaelarren Prix (Male Pianists). Alfred entan (a naave of Undon).

Cacfmn "3S FUnists. ave ox ukmoov jcv warns Baace prize Richardson. (Orran). Arnold rVrlViTtop, saetccrisi Prize (Pianoforte) Gordon wstaon. Alexander BaQer IfrnmH,) vr4.

(pianoforte). aw Winifred Berjeraj. Jaley PrUe (Harp). ajesjsald Pianoforte Prize. Iris Green.

CJxapoen Pianoforte Prize. Boas Pratt. PSarKtfort Acrrlsore Board "Prize. Konro GaDta. BoSxtsorf0 atoaorlal Prize (Pianoforte).

Eunice Go1 stedal. (PTarmflc Art). BettT Jooea. Howard de arsMea Gold Medal fbturatie-jUt). ma fstnxes.

Carter Uemcttal Prize (CttnrposiElecj). Alfred T. irTnari. POLICE DOGS IN GAS MASKS Japan Prepares From our Correspondent Tokio, July, Trained police dogs wearing pro tective gas masks a Japanese invention which is kept a military secret will be put through their paces as well as the six million dwellers in Tokio when the Japanese capital observes its annual air defence manoeuvres this month. For three days and three nights each year every resident of the city is taught how to behave under simulated conditions of a major air raid, laght control is practised, the population seeks refuge in supposedly bomb-proof structures either above or below ground, and radio broadcasts announce the progress of the imaginary raid.

Last year these "raiders" came from ships at sea between Yokohama and Hawaii, and were successfully "repulsed." The year before, the imaginary flights came from a base on the Asiatic mainland, unquestionably meant to be Vladivostok. Whence they will come this year is not yet known, but it is quite likely that it will be from China, especially in view of the strong military air corps that republic has created. The construction of native Japanese houses is such that an inflammatory bomb would start fires that might easily get beyond control, while electric power plants, water works, and the great industrial dis tricts are most exposed situations. The municipal government of Tokio has been considering plans for more than a year prohibiting the erection ot any more wooden buildings within the old city limits. It is also most likely that regulations will be enacted requiring all new modern buildings to include bomb-proof sub-cellars.

A few already have them. The subway system, which is generally being extended and in time will serve the whole city, includes extensive underground chambers designed for refuge in the event of an aerial attack. Scattered all over the city, in its parks, and on prominent street quarters, are replicas of aerial bombs standing on their noses and bearing legends telling of the disaster such weapons can wreak. From time to time exhibitions designed to the same end and to teach the populace how to protect themselves from air raids are to be seen in the large department stores and elsewhere. (Photograph on page 9 WEST RIDING BUDGET Higher Cost of Public Assistance The Finance Committee of the West Riding County Council renorted to thp council meeting at Wakefield yesterday mat a had reconsidered the budget estimates for the financial year ending March 31.

103R nnA tho 3 to be raised by rate would be 3,504,623. iiiuaies oi ine spending committees had been reduced by 8,335. Alderman rSrtnTrisht uu Uldl. tne lhm main were education, the Blind Persons Act, "Ti. dwustance.

in education the increase of something like X8.249 for -the Hnnrl hair nf 17. caused by the higher cost of fuel and iuc provision oi ainners. The Blind called for an increase of 6250 they had found that there were more blind people in need than they had imagined. The inrrraiu frrr 18j830. In April the Finance Committee asked, the Public Assistance Cmmitteet6 accept a cut of 20,000.

iiou uui oeen iouna possible to do tt-d 3.000 had to be restored to the budget in the second half of the year. Another increase of over 9.000 was caused principally -by the cost of persons not transferred to the Unemployment Assistance Board. fuuv. ninil Harry Laming, who is staff sergeant mucerr mess caterer in the 7th Battalion the Duke of Wellington's West Biding Regiment (T.A.). left Mossley yesterday with, the advance party which a to prepare the battalion's training camp at Halton, near Lancaster.

He has been a Volunteer and Territorial ince 1901. London Staff graceful lines of water Victoria. Only the old ladders" seemed to be the towards hook-same as they used to be. The King and Queen left after the demonstration, and the guests remained to look over the imposing buildings. What was immediately impressive was the harmony of their architectural style and of their beige brickwork with the neighbouring factory.

The balconies overlooking the drill yard from the main ten-storey block were put to their first proper use to-day they are meant principally to hold spectators at the brigade's weekly demonstrations. The hundred feet high drill tower, beside the drill yard, which was alternately burned and soused with water to-day, provides, of course, an important part of the training for firemen. The drill yard is, indeed, a judicious blend of something useful (for training purposes) and of something spectacular. Its showiness is much increased by the permanent bandstand facing the drill tower; in this to-day the brigade's band provided industrious and suitable "fire-music." In the main building itself the guests to-day lingered mainly around the appliance room, from which the various motor vehicles can emerge on to the Embankment. They paused, too.

before the memorial in the entrance-hall, reflecting, perhaps, that since the names on it were sixty-two, and since these names dated back to 1840, when fire-fighting was still in the hands of the insurance companies, a fireman's life was less perilous than it seemed. natural colour rouses interest in the London Film production of "The Drums," now being made. A small party of camera men and sound technicians are stationed at Chitral and are making excursions into trie hills to photograph exterior scenes for the new picture. The Chitral Valley is dominated by a mountain of 2P.00O feet which should provide a superb subject for the photographers. The Drums is being produced from an original story of A.

E. W. Mason. Zoltan Korda directs, and Sabu. the Indian 'boy actor, is in the cast Cecil B.

de who recently made "The Plainsman" for Paramount with the settlement of the West as its theme, is next to make "The Buccaneer," a romance of the sea. Frederic March has been cast as a pirate-patriot, and Franciska Gaal has the feminine lead. Akim Tamiroff is also in the company. Maurice Elvey has started directing "The Lie Detector at Warner's Teddiagtan studios. Nicholas Hansen and Barry Mackay are principals in this murder mystery.

See Me tro-Goldwyn-Mayer, whose films maintain a high level of thoroughness in production, have secured the services of Carl Laemmle, juix, as producer. Laemmle was formerly with Universal, for whom he produced All Quiet on the Western Front." "Show Boat," and Journey's End." NIGHT FLIGHTS OVER LONDON Lieutenant Colonel airhead (C Under Secretary for Air) informed Mr. Aeland CL Barnstaple) in the House of Commons yesterday that aero plane wnicn new over central London on the night of July 13 was a Royal Air Force machine engaged on a duty flight. The one' which flew nwr nn (the night of July was believed to nave Deen a civil machine which bad been participating in 'defence exercises in the East Kent area. The Secretary for.

Air bad under consideration further regulations pr.scribing in the interests oi saiety tne minimum heights for flights over Central London, but as new regulations were issued on July 15 he did not think reconsideration of them was called for at the moment. Puerperal Infection A New-Treatment The abrupt fall in a year in the mortality rate at the Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital among women suffering from puerperal infections due to haemolvtie strpntnprKpti wac r.f by Mr. G. F. Gibberd.

obstetric surgeon to the in-patients at the hospital, when he spoke on the use of drugs (prontosil and similar compounds), which he called "new anyhne derivatives." He said that they had been used at the isolation block of the hospital since January 1936, and the fall in the mortality-rate from 20 per cent in 1935 to 4.5 per cent in 1936-7 coincided with the introduction of the new scheme of treatment. They had to consider whether the improvement was due to the efficacy of the treatment or to a change in the virulence of the prevalent organism. While I am unwilling to guess." he added, how far the new drugs have been responsible, there is everv reason to continue to employ them until their Va.u,-F., otherwise is firmly established." UNIVERSITY OF LONDON Doctorates Conferred LONDON, July 21. A meeting of the Senate was held this afternoon, the Vice-Chancellor (Sir Robert Pickard) being in the chair. Mr.

E. L. Burgin. M.P.. was co-onted as a member of the Senate as from August 31, in place of Sir George Hill, resigned.

Mr. T. S. K. Boase was appointed to the University Chair of the History of Art tenable at the Courtauld Institute of Art and to the Directorship of the Institute.

Since 1922 he has been a Fellow and Tutor of Hertford College. Oxford, and from 1925-6 he was Dean of that Colicge The title of Professor of New Testament Language and Literature in the University was conferred on the Rev. F. G. Clogg in respect of the Dost held by him at Richmond College.

Thtv title of Professor of Morbid Anatny in the University was conferred nn Vh- CI Ti in I V. (. vX the post held by him at University College Hospital Medical School. me iiue 01 neaaer unemistrv in the University was conferred on Mr. Henry Terrey in respect of the post held by him at University College.

Professor R. H. Tawney was appointed Creighton lecturer for the vear 1937-8. The following doctorates were conferred I) Lit in Arabic and Persian Miss Margaret Smith, an internal student, of the School of Oriental Studies. DLit in the History of Art: Mr.

W. L. Hildbureh. an internal student of University College. D.Sc.

Applied Physiology Mr. G. P. Crowd en, Tjniversity Reader at the London School of Hvgiene and Tropical Medicine. D.Sc.

in Chemistry Mr. G. E. R. Deacon, an internal student of King's College.

D.Sc. in Chemistry: Mr. G. S. Hartley an internal student of University College.

D.Sc in Geology: Mr. H. L. Chhibber an internal student of the Imperial College. Royal College of Science.

D.Sc. in Geology: Dr. W. F. Whittard an internal student of the Imperial College.

Royal College of Science. D.Sc. in Physiology: Miss Marion G. fcgijleton. an internal student of University College.

D-Sc. in Entomology Mr. T. H. Taylor, an external "student D.Sc.

in Mathematics Mr. R. A. Frazer an external student D.Sc. in Zoology: Mr.

H. O. Bull, an external student The Lindley studentship for 1937 was awarded to Miss P. E. Gregg, ot the London School of Economics.

The Harmsworth gold medal for 193" was awarded to Mr. J. C. Clarke, of King's College. Loch exhibitions for 1937-8 have been awarded to Miss A.

C. Anderson and Pegraro, of the London school of Economics. Owing to the scarcity of harvesters, farmers in the Corwen district are employing tramps in the hay fields, and they are said to be doing their work efficiently. ot treatment which time proved to have no curative value. ine local application of coagulant snake venom was the only new treatment whose value had been confirmed.

With the use of snake venom in haemophilia it was now possible to repair wounds or to carry out small operations, such as dental extractions, which would previously have been fatal. In a reference to Dr. Timperley's method, he said that he and another doctor had tried it in four cases of haemophilia, and though they had used the doses recommended they had met with no success. It the human species were subject to the tuberculin tests applied to cattle it would involve the slaughter of 80 per cent of the adult population, declared Dr. Geoffrey Marshall, of Guy's Hospital, speaking on the early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

There is overwhelming evidence," he said, "that a positive tuberculin test indicates sensitivity to tuberculin and that it FOOTBALL BROADCASTS After discussion between the B.B.C. and the Football Association it has been agreed that running commentaries on the F.A. Cup Final, the international match between England and Scotland, and the F.A. Charity Shield match in October shall be broadcast. Permission in principle is granted for commentaries on mid-week international matches and replayed semifinal cup-ties.

Commentaries on other replays of cup-ties during the season will be broadcast where the consent of the clubs concerned is obtained. ROME: 1937 (Continued from jneriuits loije.) rupted series of pinpricks (the; matters mentioned already) intend-'; mg that one of these one day shall Road Mussolini into war. An Italian, trained in the tradition of the ceremonial insult that provokes a duel and holding in his mind the retreat I from Caporetto in 1917 as at once an accursed and a sacred memory, could i not easily Deiieve that the English press which compared the Guadalajara retreat with Caporetto (the comparison was made in an agency message, printed by most papers) was not deliberately challenging Italy to retort in arms or to swallow a humiliation. 3. Against whom, and why, is England rearming The Englishman of whom the Italian asks this question probably answers that England is rearming not for wars of revenge but in order to fulfil adequately the duties of a guardian of the peace.

At this the Italian will quickly diagnose an attack of the Geneva spirit, and will declare that sanctions were a ccwardly crime. If reminded that Italy broke the law and England merely fulfilled obligations to uphold the law, the Italian inquires why Japan was not designated the aggressor in Manchuria and why no sanctions were imposed against Germany after the reoccupation of the Rhine-land. Surely Italy was a specially selected target In fact, ask what question he will of an Englishman, the politically alert Italian comes round to apprehensions of British wrath to be visited upon Italy as a punishment for having become a Great Power with an independent policy and with a hitherto unrecognised ability to cut the communications of the British Empire. The present connection with Germany, at so much loss to Italian prestige in Central Europe (where Austria and Hungary can no longer feel insured against Germany by Italy), then appears as an unpleasantly necessary safeguard against the machinations of London. C.

J. S. S. The distribution of Walt Disney's, cartoons has recently been transferred from one company to another. This by itself would be of no special interest to the public, but 'it appears that change is in the air and that Disney is to alter the technique of his cartoon-making.

He proposes to use a two-colour process in place of the three-colour process which has had such successful results. He proposes also to introduce three-dimensional settings in which to dispfay the antics of two- dimensional creatures. Disney cartoons hitherto have been entirely two-dimensional, and in this form have given I so much pleasure that it is difficult to Deueve toe advantages of any change. The technique which Disney proposes to adopt has already been used commercially by Max Fleischer, but Fleischer's cartoons are so different in spirit and execution that they cannot be taken as a standard of comparison. There have also been several films produced in which both setting and creatures are three-dimensional.

Georg Pal's "Alibaba," a puppet film with setting drawn in, has been, shown publicly in Manchester, and a film of- -the. Starevitch puppets in which the setting is actually built been shown-privately. So far, however. Disney's cartoons have been the most consistent in construction. The possibility of seeing the hill country of the North-west Frontier Province in ailNISTER'S AIR SURVEY OF ROADS Mr.

Burgin (L. Nat, Minister of Transp6rt, in answer" to a question in the House ol Commons yesterday, said, he had recently surveyed from the- air the Great North Road as far north as Alnwick, and the trunk roads from Newcastle to Carlisle, arid triprw. -via Warrington and Coventry to Lorrdon a distance of 650 miles. "I was able," said Mr. Burgin," "to sain a general conception ot the road system more quickly and more conveniently than would otherwise have been possible, and to discuss with the chief engineer who accompanied me the obvious need for various improvements which are contemplated on certain sections of these roads." t.

6 (9395 0 4 i.