The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 10

THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1939 A NEW HOME FOR BOYS SIR S. CRIPPS AND LABOUR PARTy "Must Be Led, Not Bludgeoned, Into Obedience" MAKING DEMOCRACY SAFE AMENDMENTS STILL NECESSARY TO SECRETS ACTS Dangers of Section in 1911 Measure "DAILY OFFENCES" BY JOURNALISTS, M.P.s, AND POLICE Sir Stafford Cripps, K.C., on Saturday night made his first speech in his constituency at Bristol From our Correspondent which he regarded as the essen; step towards making democrac" efr tive and preserving freedom i therefore necessary for thcKL 1 believed that by combined op3oit. alone could the defeat of the Xa-inn i Government be accomplished to dev. some means by which the feeling amongst the public of a'l oa-might be rallied, providing a djmn stration which would persuade I'-ose control of the" existing politicnl part' to adopt the tactics of combing was for that reason thev dor ctcd i' launch the petition. 10 By-Elections Contrast It is one of the grave to-day that the apathy apparent in'oi-democracy should lead to its destruction.

The type of apathy is so apparent in so many parts of lnc country is very symptomatic pre-Fascist error of democracy othe-countries, and the petition should co much to overcome this apathv gu-mk to the people who are anxious to reverse the policy of the present Government a real hope of victor for their own ideals. It is only necessary to contrast the results of some of our recent by-elections, which have been fought upon a purely party basis, with such a by-election as Bridgwater, in tn appreciate the vigour and enthusiasm which may be created by the non-party appeal. The recent election in ness is another demonstration of the futility of Opposition parties lightinc on'o another. In spite of the fact that there were four candidates, and therefore presumably the maximum of political controversy and of organisational effort less than three-quarters of the electorate voted, compared with 84 rr cent at Bridgwater, and the Government Warman) laying the foundation-stone of the new Waifs' and Strays' Society's home for boys at Worsley. Birmingham, Saturday.

After prolonged discussion of the Official "Secrets Acts a conference representative of interests and all iwimu, wiilk.il iiciu at Birmingham to-day, adopted a resolution welcoming the amending bill now before the House of Lords, but recording the opinion that further amendment is necessary to preserve the liberty of the subject. Mr. Norman Birkett, K.C., who presided, reviewed the legislation on the suDjeci ana aaaea tnat tne new Government bill made it clear that the powers of interrogation given to police officers were now restricted to offences covered by section 1 of the 1911 Act and were confined to cases of espionage. He wished that the opportunity had been taken of dealing with other sections of the Acts which were open to serious criticism. Section 2 of the 1911 Act made it an offence for any person to disclose without any information to which he had had access by reason of his position as a person holding office under his Majesty.

The person who received the information also committed an offence unless he proved that the communication was contrary to his desire. Such information need not be confidential. "Daily Offences" It would appear that large numbers of journalists, members of Parliament, civil servants, and police officers were committing offences against the section every day of their lives, since information was being given daily which, while not had not received express authorisation. The press in this country might be trusted to keep before it at all times national interests and to exercise discretion and restraint in its treatment of public affairs. The action of the Government should do much to promote good feeling, because of the recognition of the legitimate functions of the press.

Sir Edward Grigg, M.P., described the amending bill as eminently satisfactory so far as section 6 of the 1920 Act was concerned and congratulated the Home Secretary on his prompt action. As a member of Parliament and an old journalist, however, he considered that the proposed amendment did not go far enough. In the 1911 Act, as amended in 1920, he said, there was a clause capable since he ceased most unwillingly to be a member of the Labour party." "I am firmly of the belief that the Labour party is and must remain the core of all the anti-Fascist opposition in this country," he said, and I therefore desire to see the Labour party as strong as ever we can make it. But strength dsf not the same as inertia. I wholly dispute the idea that the members of the Labour party are not to be trusted to discuss the most important questions of political -tactics or that such discussion must lead to any weakness in the party.

"Vigorous discussion in democratic parties, where the effects of that discussion can show themselves in policies, is in my view1 one of the essential ways of keeping life" and vigour in those parties. It is only in totalitarian parties that discussion is feared and therefore suppressed. We must always insist on the "right of free discussion in the party, and that requires that both sidis of the question are put forward. "Although I agree that it would not be convenient if the minority were oh all occasions to circulate their views to the membership of the party at large, I assert the right in critical and urgent circumstances for the minority to take such action." Otherwise the majority can prevent any change in opinion within the party." Labour Executive "Alarmed' It is no use saying, he continued, that there was the opportunity for a vote at the conference. Virtually every dele-, gate to the conference was mandated beforehand by his or her organisation, at least upon-air import ant matters, and the discussions there could have little, if any, decisive effect.

It was essential to prepare the ground before the conference, as the executive fully realised. The real reason for my expulsion was, I feel convinced, because thp executive were alarmed at the wide measure of support for my ideas within the party," said Sir Stafford, and as they wished to take drastic disciplinary steps against others to stop the growth of opinions with which they do not agree they thought it necessary that they should deal with me first. I do not believe that you can make a party strong and democratic by discipline. To make a strong and effective fighting party it must be led and not merely bludgeoned into obedience. That is the real difference between democracy and the totalitarian idea, and that is why in the long run democracy will beat Fascism.

It was under those circumstances that I refused to withdraw my memorandum." After declaring that he was determined to do all he could to strengthen and vitalise the Labour movement. Sir Stafford said that only when the Labour party adopted the right political tactics would it be able to bring about the defeat of the National Government, DRESS DISPLAY AT THE BRITISH INDUSTRIES FAIR New Styles and Materials London, Saturday. 1 yellow, is used to link the colour of a blue w00.1 frock with its white-checked I of so wide a meaning that it would apply to any comment or criticism, based on secret information, that was made in the press "or in Parliament "The penalty for any such misdemeanour was imprisonment-uruuui iuie aim uuiuiMm- ment Opinion, or Law It was often a question of opinion rather than of law whether comment or criticism based on secret information was prejudical to the safety or interests, of the State, and to meetthis difficulty we needed an alteration not-of the law but of the tribunal. He thought judges should have the help ol a specially selected jury, and suggested a panel chosen by the Lord Chancellor and the Speaker the House of Commons, in consultation with the representative press organisations. Lieutenant Commander R.

Fletcher, M.P., said the Act-of 1920 illustrated how unscrupulously Governments used ambieuous language to conceal- their real intentions or to give themselves powers that they did not want to talk about" too much, and thought the new amending Act must be. scanned with those facts in mind. Safety of the State did not mean safety of the Government, or of a particular Cabinet Minister, or of a particular civil servant, and the slogan The safety of the State must not be used to stifle the freedom of discussion and writing, without which corruption crept into government and abuses grew. Democracy could not work unless democracy knew the facts. Newspaper Ownership Mr.

C. J. Bundock, general secretary of the National Union of Journalists, said there were ail sorts of subtle in. fluences brought to bear upon the press in these days of international tension. He was not so happy about the resist ance of the press to-day to those suggestions as he would have been some years ago.

when the newspapers of this country were owned by public-spirited citizens and there was some chance of a real, virile defence of the freedom to express opinion. Now, however, many newspapers had passed into the hands of powerful financial groups "and were owned and controlled from one centre. If a whisper went into the ear of a newspaper magnate and he was responsive to, the suggestions made, dozens of newspapers in the country would be muzzled. A NATIONAL owners. What they wished to see was reasonable development in the Lake District, so that there would be an increase perhaps in the resident population, which would be to their interests as farmers.

Mr. W. Wilson, Bassenthwaite, said that as the Herdwick Sheep Breeders virtually owned the Lake District no one had a better right to pass an opinion on the question, for the scheme would hit their interests more than that of. any other body. He thought the protective societies had overstepped their purpose this time.

Mr. R. H. Lamb. Caldbeck, secretary of the association, urged that they should define their position clearly, and thought they should oppose the scheme.

As a small landowner whose land would be included in the scheme he did not want to be saddled with a lot of restrictions. They did not want to see the landowners in the Lake District restricted from any natural developments. Mr. F. Buntin, Langdale, proposed and Mr.

J. Richardson. Gatesgarth, seconded the resolution. LAKE DISTRICT AS PARK Opposition by Herdwick Sheep Breeders "FASCIST" RULE IN COLONIES The Bishop of Manchester (Dr. DAYS "BORROWED" FROM SPRING February Sunshine From our Meteorological Correspondent London, Sunday Night.

February is providing a remarkably sunny and rather mild spell of weather this year, and this week-end in many respects might have been borrowed from spring. On Saturday the North-west had only a little sunshine in the morning and rain arrived by the afternoon, but it was fine in almost all other districts. -From Lincolnshire to Kent, Dorset and the Channel Islands sunshine totals exceeded seven hours, while many towns from Felixstowe to Eastbourne had more than eight hours' sunshine. The best record was 8.8 hours at Felixstowe. Temperatures were highest in the South, and Penzance recorded 54deg.

During the night the rain spread from the North across England and there was a little in the Southern Counties early this morning. Lancashire, however, had its sunniest day since last autumn, with sunshine totals of 7.8 hours at Blackpool and 7.5 hours at Fleetwood. With sunshine totals of 6.4 and 4 hours on the last two days, Kew has recorded 64 Hours' sunshine this month, a total three hours in excess of the average for the whole of February. To-day was Kew's sixteenth successive day with tempera ture a Dove tne average, and tne raintall for the month is only 0.21in. a big contrast with the wet weather of the three preceding months.

To-morrow the sunny and mild weather will continue in all parts of England and Wales, but with" frost at night. GLIDING CLUB'S PROGRESS 74 Certificates Gained The future of some of the smaller gliding clubs in the country hangs in the balance, it was stated at the annual meeting of the Derbyshire and Lancashire Gliding Club at Great Hucklow on Saturday. Negotiations are proceeding with the Air Ministry for the continuance of a subsidy of 5,000 per annum to assist gliding clubs in -the purchase of machines and equipment. Should these fail a number of clubs- will be unable to carry on. Subscriptions to the Derbyshire and Lancashire Gliding Club may have to be increased, and the committee was empowered to reinstate the entrance fee when it deemed it necessary.

Progress in every other direction was reported. The club now. possesses a fleet of aircraft to meet all needs, additions were made 'last year, and 74 certificates were gained by members. The club ranked third in the country in this respect. Facilities will be 1 available for flying on-- Wednesday and Thursday afternoons, as well as every week-end." and evenings: The national gliding competitions will probably be held at Great Hucklow in July, and a number of o'ther interesting events are being arranged during the year.

UNIVERSITY NEWS OXFORD, February 18. Mr. R. S. Vincent, of Victoria College, Jersey, has been elected to a King Charles I Scholarship for Classics at Exeter College, Oxford.

NATIONALISM IN JAMAICA used to signify all-those tangible and intangible interests which were lwujidup of The new spirit showed itself in a more- self-critical- attitude The attacks on the Chinese and the Syrians were felt to be foolish "and irrelevant, Jamaicans sought to develop things of their own." There were various experiments political action, attempts, to create: distinctive-Jamaican literature: and art rooted in. Jamaican life, some efforts to understand; the masses. through their There -was Jar greater -interest in all local affairs? including popular education, and-at tne same time there was a 'deeper taterest'iri'' world- involving sharp criticism v-of 'the Empire alignment in internationlvpblitfcsl THE RECENT TROUBLES 1 A- new "trend was giyen. fthe movement by fhe distuf1ances'jri aw. itiuinvu upon a minority, vote.

If these disastrous tactics continue to be pursued there will be no chance of displacing the Government at the next election." A Decisive Moment The basis of the petition was to ask the parties, while maintaining their complete political independence and while preserving their particular outlooks and policies, to combine together to defeat the National Government and to form a combined Government for a single term of Parliament, "if we should succeed in getting such a Goi-ernment in power we should the best possible chance of preserving democracy, freedom, and peace I am determined to go forward with this attempt to convince the exictin" political parties with all my energv and I feel certain that the people of Bristol will be behind me in th.s struggle. I believe that another decisive moment has come in the historv of our democracy and that if we neglect th-opportunities of this moment in our history we shall be condemning not only ourselves and our children to an era of Fascism in the world but condemning, too, the workers of other countries to long terms of tragedy ana" suffering." imperialist Power to another imperialist Power." Sir Stafford criticised the Government for concentrating its whole energies on the production of armaments, with nu policy for the future. There would be seven, or eight million unemploved if the munitions and armaments factories closed down," he said. Vote of Confidence Earlier Sir Stafford attended a private meeting of members of the party to discuss his position. There were about two hundred and present, and only three voted against a resolution of confidence and Support for his petition campaign.

FLIGHT TELEVISED Miss Jasmine Bligh's Impressions Miss Jasmine Bligh, the BB.C. teleyision announcer, made two flights in a gyroplane a thousand feet above Hanworth Air Park, Middlesex, yesterday, and on the second flight told listeners and viewers what she though'-about it. Her voice was broadcast through the medium of a portabie transmitter which Miss Bligh took up in the machine, and she had to compi te vr.ta a good deal of interference frum the noise, of. Civil Air Guard machines and private 'planes. These were M'ss Bligh's impressions "This is marvellous travel-no bumps such as you get in an ordinary aeroplane.

I feel perfectly safe. I have got a lovely view it is a glorious It seems as if we can turn in our own length arid could land on a sixpence." Miss Bligh summed up hpr opinion of the machine the latest cabin mooei ordered by the" Air Ministrv for tne services bv I should 10 have, half a dozen of wnen jsar. K. A. u.

an--. manager of the company, wbr the machines, took off with II ss BIJ for- the' second flieht he demuiistrateo that the machine can take of; a run. It was seen on the televisoi i rise over a tape held about eign-. high. just in front of the nose oi characteristics of the machine explained and viewers saw some earlier models as well as the latest.

Leavers and a miniml'M wage The claim of the Weavers' AmalSirna; tion for a minimum wage of 35s. a for weavers will be taken a sta farther-in Manchester on Friday. a jointmeeting will be held between Northern" Counties Textile Trades Federation and the Cotton Spinners a' Manufacturers 'Association. If employers again reiue weavers' "demands on the grounds the stateo'f the industry is unsatis ia arid' that the difficulties in way of granting this concession tho weavers take" their claim, to the The dress display at the fashion theatre of the British Industries Fair includes a number of very up-to-the-minute models dresses with little stiff petticoats just showing below, evening gowns worn over hooped petticoats, and an excellent plaid sports overcoat with the plaid used diagonally, made with" a most useful hood of the tweed. Another coat with good lines is a guardsman's coat 01 light blue wool with self buttons, worn over a dress of the material with a yoke of applique on the net.

The odd jacket of last year, which then had tne cut and colouring of the male garment it imitated, is now made ot soxt taorics sucn as jersey ana in pale pastel tints. A pale cyclamen pink jacket worn over a hyacinth blue dress or skirt or sea blue over a chocolate brown are esoeciallv nonular. A striking suit of dark midnight blue wool is copied from a painting, now on exhibition in BurlinEton Hoiisp. rf Prince Charles Edward. This has a very long parchment-coloured silk waistcoat, much embroidered, the coat having cuffs and pocket flaps of the same embroidered silk anrt a flimcv handkerchief hanging from one pocket.

Another picturesque model is a copy of an Empress Eugenie dress -in white embroidered organdie, mounted over glade green. The new platform walking shoe, carried out in deep hyacinth blue with INDIAN POLICE Appointments By Selection India Office announcement says: It has, been decided to select in 1939 a certain number of candidates for admission to the Indian Police otherwise than by written competitive examination. The examination will be held as hitherto in 1939 and 1940 for a certain number of the vacancies that may be available in those years but no guarantee can be given that recruitment by competitive examination will be continued' after 1940. Applications be considered for selection must be made on a printed form, which may be obtained from the secretary. Services and General Depart ment.

India Office, Whitehall, London. b.W. 1. or from the Appointments Boards of universities in -the British Isles, and which must -be returned to the India Office, with the necessary docu ments, not later than April 1. A candidate must have qualified bv exam.

ination for a- degree of an approved university. A candidate who at the date of application is not qualified in this respect, but is otherwise qualified, will, if recommended by the selection board, be admitted provisionally as a selected candidate, but his 'admission will not be confirmed if he has not qualified for such a degree on or before October iO. i3. Following the exaimrie of Britain Latvia and Estonia, Poland, and Den- marK inave, is. omciauy announced in Helsingfors, given assent to the Finnish-Swedish proposals for the defensive remilitarisation of the Aaland rsianas.

(Continued from previous page.) May and June" or last year. It was clear jthat in readiness for action the masses were ahead "of the more educated. their type of action might result in violent internal strife. Something was needed to express the idea of a unity which transcended class and colour: a -unity of outlook and: airhs.and interests. It was also, realised that if the.

masses were Tito be made into a permanent political factor would need education in political and economic realities. The People's National party was founded last, Sfnton. ,,.1 oc Stafford Cripjjs spoke itefirstpubiie 111611 has, been, en-tte inculcation of three prmaplesemocracv. toentand national. fiRecuy unaerstood, but, they represent the first efTm- inn, moraliiofcia dispirited, people- antlr to' L'buud'UD'intelHomf'Wtiwr ra yellow sacque coat.

There are many sports irocKs of linen, wool, and multi-striped crepe with pockets both above and below -the waist and a button fastening all down the centre front. A billiard-table green evening frock has a short-sleeved bolero, showing the simple gold embroidery on the front of the bodice gold embroidery is -also used to give a Spanish note to the long sleeves and the back of a black dinner gown, made with a high front and having a little gold scroll work at the neck. a wnne wedding dress, which is described as" inexpensive," is of horizontal lines of white Valenciennes lace on white net, made fully over a hooped underskirt, with long sleeves, and with orange blossoms and silver leaves across the front of the belt. Another wedding gown, of pink moire, has pink teardrop pearls sewn on its frilled net train and across the top of the corsage. The accompanying bridesmaid, in a full pink ivkoio a uciigiiLxui pinK net cape to the ground, hooded, with pink and blue flowers edging the hood to frame the face, and a posy and bracelets of the same flowers For -Court wear there is a dress of grey embroidered with paillettes, one of white satin worked with white bugle beads and diamante, its train lined with green chiffon, and one of a gold British metal fabric gleamihg'over a pale green, its pattern of butterflies outlined with gold paillettes and cut out and apnliaued on to tht rnurf.

train. m. RECENT WILLS Queen Maud's English Estate Queen Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria of Norway, of the Royal Castle Oslo, Norway, third daughter of King Edward VII and wife of King. Haakon VII of Norway, who died in London on November 20, aged 68 years, has left estate "jn England of the gross value of 7,941 (net personalty on which estate duty of 758 has been paid. As her husband, the sole executor of her will, resides out of England, probate has.

been granted to George Arthur C.V.O.. of Buckingham Palace, London, S.W., Private Secretary of and Comptroller of the Household of the late Queen Maud, but without, annotating a copy of the will and codicil. Samuel Servington Savery, "M.A., 5 Bltons. London, S.W. MP.

for the.Holderness Division of -Yorkshire since 1923; a member of the North nhtuf C0UntjU Council, who died at Cheltenham on December 27, aged 77 years, fpft Saverv, of Oxford (net personalty 51,400) (estate duty He left Smitb- mark ofpjnwJ. filOO to Maud Wlttup. IT rtlU in its ierlce. Other Wills CumUTXi. 55 ctemlcl1 muratmctnrer (nVt IxYsowJtV 66.012 Va-el 84nU.

entrant. and 643 iuu BIT -ffll late of JSS' Comptori Hoiae; Comoton Blaboo. yWHiin ItiSOO 20.204) wpenatt. JJ. 15.684) HaD.

Barton. (57): oIiHdoilt-r Booett, DcnWrh, -PH QITO Soad. ICn. lftmL nf on an it. I John Bond oSHSrSSatt; r.SSti yrwlertc'Sawlo.

ot-Harennu. Slroc 'Eoad. WrfKht. Arthrrr. nf I uo.

nec puaonaltr 4.499) OUcrtcn. Thom rf -t. nt Coolion- Jofan-JiniMr ttLT i Office to York. atomS vStKr SS City Football On oLlbjmi peramaltT 860)i mv.ee 5. TahfTTTMu-v POToaUy-14385) perbrawta (MtrSiiaUy'filtoaSj The Herdwick Sheep Breeders' Association is.

opposed to any proposal for turning the Lake District into a national park, and passed a resolution to that effect unanimously at the annual meeting of the association at Keswick on Saturday. Mr. W. Butler, Broughton-in-Furness, who was elected president, said that the newspaper controversy about a national park was raised by people who spent their summer holidays in the Lake District and whom they never saw for the rest of the year. To turn the whole of the Lake District into a national park would" stop all reasonable development At present people had every access to the mountains, and to most of the land in the Lake District, provided they shut the gates and kept dogs under control, and he did not see what more they could want.

They would not like to see the whole of the Lake' District controlled and run by State officials, for that would jeopardise their interests as farmers and land PLAYER'S all ad. either, -elaia. vac-k--. MeeeeWt atk lor fXTRA uAij BISHOP HOOPERS An excaHtnt example 17th century. In the cigarette definite Exquisitely cool choice Virginia ensures-that appeals to the In a speech at Bristol last night Sir Stafford Cripos declared that the British Empire is now being ruled entirely on Fascist lines.

"There are the same concentration camps, the same suppression of free speech, the 'same utilisation of armed forces to suppress public opinion, the same ghastly low standards of living for the workers. In almost every way, though not the same degree, you have the same typical action of the governing class or governing nation in order to obtain the suppression of the native peoples in those areas. So that it is no solution of the problem to talk of handing over colonies from one THE PERPETUAL DRIVER "Very Few of Them" So small is the number of people' who drive continuously on learners' licences, that the Automobile Association sees little danger in the practice. Lord Sandhurst, giving evidence before the House of Lords Select Committee on the Prevention of Road Accidents on Friday suggested that people should be allowed only- a certain number of attempts for a driving licence. He knew of a woman, he said, who had been driving for eighteen months on a provisional uLcuce sua was a positive danger." uan no oojection to a person using a learner's licence for eighteen official of the A.A.

said on Saturday. "He has to. fulfil all the requirements snemfipri Vm tva. oI Transport he has to have an experienced driver sitting next to him and and after driving for that time is less likely to be a danger on the road than somebody taking the wheel for the first time. Everybody.has realised that since the regulations were uinuuutcu in ma one can aflve indefinitely on a provisional licence, but it Practice and carries obligations.

"We have a membership of 720,000, and we probably know of half a dozen cases where people have been carrying iui a mug iime. xne numDer is negligible and the. accidents is nugngioie. great many drivers are failed in then- tests on academic points. It -is QUlte DOSSible that a "laiw niimrun.

people who are failed because, of lack of auuwitnge, may instinctively, becausa or experience, carry out all the Highway without possibly being able to express in words all those 'marchersf shovels as Severity unemployed men. with tiw wives jand children; who were marching atohg.the Tottenham High RoatLInrlnn Sfairati( stopped by the. xnree were, carrying The'leaders were warned that weapons under; the Public vCtfder.Act; and the men gave them up TfeNinarchfirs for AJtFV work -deep bomb-proof "Your air-raid shelfers." was carried at the head of the procession. LODGING. 103.WESTGATE ST, GLOUCESTER.

of half-timber construction dating from earl world another number with associations is Player's No. 3. and mellow in smoking, the leaf used in manufacture little extra quality which 'always discerning smoker. mm i i a- 20for ljTOforaS SOi.iisainonK.)- committee. -r.