The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 5

THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN. FRIDAY, MAY 11, 1945 CHANNEL ISLANDS FREE AGAIN British Troops' Welcome KEITEL WEARS HIS NAZI MEDALS AT SURRENDER CEREMONY Final Scene Staged in Berlin ALLIES CELEBRATE VICTORY AT A RUSSIAN BANQUET BASIC PETROL RATION To be Restored ON SAME BASIS AS IN THE U.S. The basic ration of petrol is to be restored within the next thirty days. This announcement was made yesterday by Mr. Geoffrey Lloyd, MJ, COMMONS AND THE ELECTION July or Autumn? PREMIER DELAYS HIS BROADCAST By our Political Correspondent Westminster, Thursday.

Mr. Churchill has put off his broadcast until Sunday. He has been too busy to prepare it. That is the explanation. Heaven knows there has been enough evidence during the last three days, ocular and auditory, how busy he has been.

Nevertheless the postponement of the broadcast has surprised people; Perhaps they are disappointed, too. The. broadcast had been regarded as part of the immediate celebrations of victory. In answer to a supplementary Ques THE TRANSITION PERIOD Control of Germany DANGER OF SPHERES OF INFLUENCE From oar Diplomatic Correspondent London, Thursday. While the last German units are laying down their arms all over Europe the rapid drama of events that led to their surrender gives place to a period of waiting upon political and diplomatic developments.

In the liberated countries the change over from war to the transition period should not be technically difficult in theory, though the national and international problems are enormous everywhere. Elaborate preparations have been made for this transition by the Great Powers, the Governments in exile, and their resistance movements at home. The time has now come to apply these plans. In practice the application of the blue-print seems to bring its difficulties, and, even technically, some rather delicate situations have arisen in almost every country BRIGADIER'S CURT ARROGANT REBUFF FOR NAZI this 'With Keitel in the Russian camp." "Keitel still Prussian," mutmered an American officer. 'He Surrender Signed The Channel Isles, after nearly five years of bondage, are free again, British troops are in command at all points.

The instrument of unconditional surrender was signed by the Germans at 7 14 a.m. on Wednesday aboard the British destroyer Bulldog. Two meetings were necessary before the actual signature, due to one further example of Nazi arrogance. Their first emissary professed to be empowered to receive only the terms for an armistice. He was curtly rebuked and ordered to return to his Commander-in-Chief with a copy of the instrument of surrender.

Seven hours later the formalities were completed by General Heine on behalf of Admiral Huffmeier and the British delegation, led by Brigadier General Snow. The final scene of surrender on shore was at t. Peter Port where a token force of. the Royal Artillery was welcomed with an unforgettable demonstration of joy by. the liberated islanders.

Dunkirk and the French Atlantic ports are in French hands again, and the first U-boats have been taken over by the British Navy. NAZI THREAT TO DESTROYER From Frank A. King, Press Association War Correspondent on Destroyer gerated Nazi salute. His credentials stated that he had power to receive armistice terms for conveyance to Vice-1 Admiral Huffmeier. the German Com-! mander-in-Chief of tha Channel Islands.

BRIGADIER'S SHARP REJOINDER The Brigadier turned to the interpreter: "Make it quite clear to him that this is immediate surrender and not an armistice," he said. Zimmermann rapped back his reply. He had not the power to sign uncon-ditonal surrender but had only come to receive the terms of armistice, and that armistice he added with a touch of hauteur did not come into force until 00.01 hours next momjng. He was told to withdraw, and later was again summoned to the wardroom, to be informed that he would be sent back to his chief with a copy of the instrument of surrender in English and in German, and with instructions that another rendezvous must be arranged fdrthwitb. Then came an astonishing touch of arrogance and stubbornness.

With the sweat beaded on his forehead, Zimmermann stood up. I will do that," he said. But." he added loudly. "I am instructed to inform you "that vour ships must move away immediately from tnese snores, it tnev do not. Admiral Huffmeier will regard their presence as a breach of faith and a provocative act." The implied threat to the British destroyer, now within a few miles of the coast, which is reputed to be one of the heaviest defended in the world and has 15-inch guns, was obvious.

Sternly he was told to withdraw, and, saluting again, he 'went. For nearly an hour he was kept kicking his heels while instructions regarding the rendezvous were prepared for him The oid. rustv minesweeper, flying her Swastika flag, rolled flatly between the two spick-and-span destroyers, and then there was the fantastic sight of the three men paddling around the rubber canoe. As Zimmerman lefuhe cried "Hoch," and saluted. His dignity broke as he scrambled into the leaping rubber boat, but as he drew away he saluted, Nazi-fashion, time and again.

MIDNIGHT RENDEZVOUS Bulldog and Beagle withdrew and for (trawler. For the first time since Aboard H.M.S. Bulldog, off the Channel Islands, Wednesday. The Chahnei Islands were finally liberated at 7 14 a.m. to-day, when Major General Heine, of the German ArmVg signed the instrument of surrender" to the great Allied Powers.

Thus more than seven hours after the war had officially ended the only part of the United Kingdom which has been in Nazi occupation was freed from, a bondage which had lasted since June 30. 1940. The moment of liberation was preceded by an astonishing story of German obstinacy, of complete lack of dignity in defeat and. finally, of a midnight surrender and a dawn signing the documents. It was at 10 a.m., after preliminary wireless discussions had taken place with the Germans in the Channel Islands that the destroyer Bulldog (Lieutenant Commander Dumas) with Beagle (Lieutenant Commander Williams) as her escort left Plymouth for the rendezvous which had been arranged four miles off the coast of Guernsey.

lyme Reels Boi At 2 precisely we arrived at the meeting place. A naval guard, with fixed bayonets, was drawn up on the quarterdeck, the ship's crew was at action stations, soldiers of the first landing Berlin, May 9. At ten minutes past twelve midnight this morning, Central European time, Air Chief Marshal Arthur' Tedder, Deputy Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force, rose from his seat beside Marshal George Zhukov, Stalin's second-in-command, and turned to Field Marshal KeiteL "Have you received the document of unconditional surrender?" he asked. "Are you prepared to sign it and execute its provisions?" Keitel, the Junker of Junkers, fixed his monocle in his left eye, held up the document, and said, Yes, it's in order. I'm prepared to sign." At fifteen minutes past twelve.

Keitel took the glove off his right hand and signed the document which ratified and strengthened the unconditional sur render of German pewer already given by Admiral von rriedeburg at Rheims twenty-three hours before. Tnis time it was in the ruins of Berlin. The ceremony which ended the war at Rheims had taken place in a technical school. By a coincidence the ceremony in Berlin which confirmed the surrender was also held in a technical school this time in the Karlshorst, a suburb of Eastern Berlin. The technical school in Rheims was chosen because it was the headquartufs of the Allied command.

The Russians chose the technical school in the Berlin suburb because it was the only big building xney could nnd tnat was not destroyed, STILL A PRUSSIAN Air Chief Marshal Tedder and Marshal Zhukov signed on oehalf of the Grand Alliance. Keitel signed for the beaten foe. Tears ran down the cheeks of his tall aide. Lieutenant Colonel Karl Brehm. But if Keitel realised that it was an historic moment he gave no sian He turned to his weeping aide and said in our hearing You can make a fortune after the war writing a book about MOSCOW'S GREAT Moscow, May 18.

The Soviet Union's victory celebrations are popularly regarded as the greatest moment in the history of this country since the Revolution. Never has Moscow seen such crowds, and never before during this war have the Soviet people shown their wholehearted appreciatiSb of Allied help so freely and emphatically. It was sufficient to look like a foreigner in Moscow up to the early hours of to-day to be kissed, hugged and generally feted. In Red Square all foreign cars were stopped and the occupants dragged out, embraced, and sometimes even tossed into the air. At the British Embassy a junior official was suddenly called upon to make a speech to a loudly applauding crowd which stormed the building.

Outside a big hotel known to he tenanted by many British and Americans a large crowd waited to pounce on everyone leaving and demand a speech. In one of Moscow's main squares a ALL FRENCH PORTS CLEARED La Rochelle Undamaged From our own Correspondent Paris, May 10. French troops. have now occupied all the remaining German enclaves in France namely, Dunkirk, Lorient, St. Nazaire, and La Rochelle.

The first three ports were all very heavily bombarded at various stages in the war, but St. Nazaire in French hands will at last make possible the clearance from the mouth of the Loire of the obstacles piaced there. Journalists' reports, not yet officially confirmed, state that" La Rochelle harbour, including La Pallice that is, the ojter harbour, is in working order. Since the clearance of the fairway to Bordeaux will only permit the utilisation of limited landing facilities in the outer harbour before June, while the barrage blocking the main part cannot be removed before August or possibly September, the port facilities of La Rochelle will be of the highest importance. La Rochelle town is completely intact, having suffered no bomb damage whatsoever.

Eighteen thousand Germans, with Admiral Von Schirlitz at their head, surrendered in this pocket. A hundred fifty-six members. of the militia tried to escape on a smail steamer, but were caught two hours out of 'the port, while their chief, Sidos, who is accused of bearing the responsibility for 106 fellow-citizens being shot by the Germans, tried to escape in disguise by land but was also caught. BRITISH AGAIN SHELL THE RYUKYUS Biggest Raid on Japan While Britain was celebrating V.E.-Day the British X'leet was maintaining the relentless btmbardment on the Ryukyu Islands. bO0 miles south of Japan.

Two British warships were slightly damaged by Japanese suicide bombers. Big new reinforcements to the British Fleet as well as many 'surrendered U-boats can be expected to help to tighten the blockade. OH plants were the main targets for yesterday's record Super-Fortress attack. Over 400 of the giant bombers took part. Meanwhile the Australian and Dutch campaign on Tarakan Island, Borneo, is near completion- In Mindanao General Mar Arthur has seized a gmaii jrfari in Davao Gulf and is threatening to outflank Davao with a drive across its western approaches.

Reuter. 50400,000 DAMAGE- IN PORT OF ROTTERDAM Rottzkdam. Mat 10. The port of Rotterdam will cost up to 50.000,000 to restore. The German blew up the harbour and destroyed or stole its equipment.

Facilities for the discharge in balk of cargoes like coal. eoke. and phosphates all blown up, together with, 28 mighty loading bridges each capable ot handling 300 tons of coal chairman of the Oil Control Board and Petroleum Secretary, and by the Prime Minister in the House, of Commons. The scale of allowances for motor-cars is aorieawer. Gallonaft moaUi.

Up to 9 4 10 to 13 5 14 to 19 6 20 and over 7 Motor-cycles will receive two or three gallons a month, according to cylinder capacity. The scale of allowances for cars and motor-cycles used for professional and business purposes will be increased. This applies to the holders both of (essential) and (semi-essential) coupons. Allowances for taxi-cabs and private hire cars will be increased by about 30 per cent, and the distances over which they may operate will be doubled. More petrol will be granted tor trade plates, for garages, for private electric lighting plants, and for motor lawn-mowers used on recreation ana sports grounds.

There will be some petrol for motor-boats and private lawn- mowers, SERVICE LEAVE ALLOWANCES Petrol allowances to Service personnel on leave from abroad will be available for use in the cars of the Service man's or woman's parents, as well as in their own or the wife's or husband's car. A proportionately larger issue will be made where the leave granted is for more than 28 days. The basic ration books will be obtainable from May 16 from post offices deal ing with motor business and from any local taxation office. The date on which the ration will come into operation will be announced shortly. Bus seryices and deliveries lrom shops are to be improved.

Mr. Geoffrey Lloyd told a reporter that the petroleum offices are very short of staff but that everyone would get the increased allowances as ouickiv as do; sible in their turn. Whatever group applicants belonged to they would an in due course get the full increases as from the same date. Making an announcement in the House of Commons, Mr. Churchill said the petroleum supply position remained difficult owing to the huge requirements of the Pacific war and the prospect that military needs in Europe woulB continue at a high level for some months because of the great mass of people to be moved.

"But" said the Prime Minister, "I am glad to be able to inform the House of an easement in the drastic petroleum rationing system to which we have hitherto subjected ourselves. Bus services and retail deliveries will be improved to the fullest extent that the available labour will allow. Increased allowances will be given for motor-cars and motor-cycles used for professional or business purposes and for taxi-cabs and private hire ears. A modest basic ration, substantially the same as in the United States and freely at the disposal of all private owners of cars and motorcycles, will be introduced within thirty days from now." THE OLD RATION ine basic petrol ration began on September 23, 1939, and was stopped at the close of June, 1942. For the period April to June, 3942, the total allowances for the three months after several reductions from the original figures were Up to 10 gallons, 10i gallons, Hi gallons, 13 gallons.

15 gallons, and and over 18 eallons. Sir William Rootes, in an interview, said It represents biggest war time relief that we have had so far. It will speed up the tempo of our indus trial life, the war against Japan, and the gradual turnover from war to peace. An Automobile Association official said. "We look upon these new allowances as only the prelude to the earliest cancellation of all restrictions on the supply of petrol." A Royal Automobile Club official stated These amounts will only pro vide petrol lor.

tne shortest possible journeys round and about people's homes. This ration is not even a gesture. It is merely an insult." ine tsnusn rtoaa Jreaeration was guarded in its comment As the reore- sentative association of over 200.000 users of ancillary vehicles we welcome the Government announcement that the position of retail deliveries will be unproved. unless, however, the Gov ernment is prepared to accelerate the release of transport workers the benefit which the increase in the fuel ration will confer will be largely obviated cnvrPT attatitc rv MM-i M. ill 1 i.

1U 111 CZECHOSLOVAKIA Defiant Enemy Groups Last night's Soviet communique reported that German troops in Czechoslovakia commanded by Field Marshal Schoerner refused to remain on the spot and lay down heir arms. Consequently troops of the First Ukrainian Army had gone over to the attack against them. On May 9 and 10 35,000 German officers and men were captured on this front, while another Germn group which began to withdraw west was pursued by the Russians, who took over 20.000 prisoners. According to American correspondents large numbers of Germans are the Third Army lines as the Russians pursue the enemy. The communique also announced the surrender of 50,000 of the enemy, including eight generals, in the area of the mouth of the Vistula, and 68,778 officers and men and 13 generals in Courland.

POearinc Up tke Remnants" oa hmck pace' HENLEIX SURRENDERS The man who precipitated the Munich crisis of 1538 does not see why he should be regarded as a war criminal." I have always been a man of high said Knrirad HenTefn, Gauleiter of the Sodetenland and Beichsstadt-hau- of Prague. Wearing a new tailored overcoat a well-pressed suit, and carefully ihinc-H shoes, the 47-year-old ex-gymnast srs teacher surrendered h'TfHwlf and bis sec retary yesterday, after calling tor a last-ditch defrryr in the wooded Inus and rnakmc grandee, plans lor organising a is not finished he is just trking a rest. unaer tne military medals and ribbons on his chest Keitel wore the Order of Blood" or "Golden Party Emblem" that Hitler. had conferred on all field generals as opposed to staff officers. By wearing tnat medal, the opinion of a British general present, Keitel was saying I come here as a Nazi as well as a Prussian." THE BANQUET The Germans left and an elaborate banquet was immediately spread in the conference room a banquet that ended only when we left to go to our aircraft at six o'clock his morning.

Once the Germans had left, there were handshaking and congratulations au rouna. An nour or so later the room had a festive air. Russian waitresses laid the table for a typical Russian banquet, at which toasts went on till after I a.m. Marshal Zhukov paid a handsome tribute to General Eisenhower "A magnificent general, one of the most talented this war has produced." he said. "Despite all the trouble the enemy took trying to divide us and trying to start arguments between us.

we have got to Berlin together." said Air Chief Marshal Tedder. Mav we be allies in peace as well as in war and win that victory that matters more than anything The Soviet Vice-Commissar, Mr. ishinsky, exclaimed, "Those German bandits We will never forget we will never forgive, no matter how many Germans there are weeping over the ruins of Berlin. No matter who you are here, British or Russians, French or Americans. I call you all 'comrade.

I drink to the lasting friendship of the democratic nations of the world." The sun was rising over the dead city of the defeated and broken aggressor as the victory banquet Karlshorst broke up. Russian soldiers in the street pulled up to salute as the British, American, and French military envoys got into a flea of cars to return to the business of winding up the war in Europe. DAY OF REJOICING British woman on the staff of the newspaper "Britansky Soyuznik" was walking with a dog when a mass of people waving Red banners and cheering wildly bore down on her. She and the dog were chaired all the way back to the hotel. The climax of the celebrations was a victory salute staged with massed searchlights and rockets lighting up the whole sky over the city while 1,000 guns fired thirty salvos.

Soviet papers appeared in victory editions to-day. "Red Star's" front page was devoted to (photographs oi Marshal Stalin, Mr. Churchill, and President Truman and the speeches made by these leaders in announcing V.E.-Day. On other pages were the last Order of the Day, photographs of Allied commanders, including General Eisenhower, Field Marshal Montgomery, Field Marshal Alexander, pictures of the Germans signing the surrender document in Berlin, and details of the new victory medal. A picture of Moscow's victory salute spread over the back page.

Reuter. Marshal Stalin'i broadcast and text of surrender tertnt on page 8. ARRESTED POLES LED PATRIOTS "Excellent Record" Mr. Eden Sax Francisco, May 10. Mr.

Anthony Eden said at a press conference to-day: The list of IS poles reported as having disapeared included nearly all the leading figures of the Polish underground movement. These men maintained an excellent record of resistance to the Germans throughout the war. Most of them were just the type who should in our view be consulted about the new national government in Poland if such a Government is to be truly representative of Polish democratic political life in accordance with the Crimea decision." Mr. Eden said that the conversations were taking place outside the conference itself. He continued The most unhappy news of the arrest of the Poles has made further progress with these conversations impossible.

Inevitably the arrest of these men has put a stop to our work here so far as the Polish problem is concerned. It will now be for the British, United States, and Soviet Governments to take stock of the situation and determine what the next step should be." Mr. Eden said that the problem of fitting regional arrangements into a world security organisation would be worked out. I do not see any solution, but I think we shall be able to find one," he added. Reuter.

"THE BURMA STAR" Special Decoration for S.E.A.C. Forces In a message to Admiral Mount-batten, South-east Asia Command, Mr. Churchill states that a special decoration, "The Burma Star," is to be struck in honour of the great deeds of S.E-AX. In his message the Premier says': I seed you my most heartfelt upon the culminating victory at Hangooc. of your Burma campaigns.

The hard fighting at Imphal and Kchima in prepared the way for the brilliant operations conducted over a vast range territory which have crowned the exertions of the Southeast Asia Command The prolongation of the German war made it Impossible to send the British and Bntun-indiac divisions which you seeded and a good many other units on which yon were counting had to be retained in decistve European theatre. In spite oi jus fcmi2sr3on and disappointment yon and your men have done ail and more than your directive required. The ribbons of the Burma Star will be flown out to Admiral Mountbatten at the earliest possible date. MONTGOMERY GOING TO COPENHAGEN Field Marshal Montgomery will arrive in Copenhagen to-morrow. Danish radio said last nieht Tho.

at. transmitted a call to all "Freedom fighters to rcpoit at six oe May 12 far further orders as to whert they are to msitesi fieatcr. tion in the House to-day. Mr. Churchill said the Government has not yet made up its mind on the date for the dissolution of Parliament.

If it had-the date would not be elicited by a supplement ary." Nor in the opinion of some authorities is it likely to be disclosed over the wireless. We announce war and the end of war over the wireless instead of, as oi old, to and Parliament accepts the innovation as inescapable. but it is held by the authorities men tioned tnat it would be quite another pair of shoes to announce a dissolution over the air. That, it is urged, would be a grave constitutional inpropriety, since Parliament should be the first to hear of its demise. It is evident that some people think it near to treason to be talking of an election at all.

but that does not alter the fact that the politicians are talking of little else. Poor political human nature No one, as Dean Inge once said, has a greater interest in the price of pork than the pig, and no one has so great an interest in what the Prime Minister is thinking about a dissolution than the member of Parliament. How can he help speculating about it FOREIGN ISSUES Protests are also being heard against a snap election, though under no cir cumstances can an election take place under a minimum of six weeks. That is not a "snap" election. Whether a people that has kept its head during these victory days as wonderfully as the British people has could be trusted to vote in six weeks' time also seems to be a matter of doubt to some Such people, one heard it remarked to-day, want their democracy in leading-strings.

However, other and more substantial reasons are being offered against an early election than this fear 'that the British elector will for some time be too queer in the head to be fit to cast a vote. International reasons are among tnem. are several toucny loreign issues, it is pleaded, like Poland. It is also urged that this is no moment, with all the chaos there is in Europe, for lireat Britain to be plunging into the uncertainties and turmoil of a general election. There is also a utilitarian argument.

It is said the new general register is far from being satisfactory. Official Labour in particular holds this view and makes it one of its grounds for preferring a general election in the autumn. The present register would be replaced by a new one in October. The October register would be a great improvement on the present one. TORY HOPES However, it is unlikely that this is the only reason why Labour would prefer an autumn election.

It probably is not altogether innocent of the calculation that the greater the interval interposed between the victory and the election the better its own chances, for Mr. Churchill prestige is now at its highest The Conservative Central Office knows it, too. and the Conservative Central Office is reported to be strong for an early election. So. too, is Lord Beaverbrook.

it is said. His newspapers certainly appear to confirm it. ixrd Beaverbrook is a close counsellor of Mr. Churchill One thing is clear. If Mr.

Churchill wants an early election (some of his friends report that he does not), he must decide ouicklv. There seems to be agreement among all parties that if the election does not take place before the middle of July, it must, because of the harvest, be put off until the autumn. In order to have the election by the middle or July Mr. Churchill must give notice oi tne aissoiuuon within a fort- nignt KING'S VISIT TO PARLIAMENT To Receive Addresses The King, probably accompanied by the Queen, is expected to go to the Royal Gallery in the House of Lords next Thursday to receive from both Houses of Parliament addresses of congratulation on the triumph of his arms in the European war. Expressions of grateful thanks to the men and women in the forces for their achievements in battle may be included these Addresses, which will be dis-j cussed and voted on Tuesday.

Mr. Churchill will move the one in the Commons, and leaders' of the various SUGAR FOR JAM Pound per Ration-Book Colonel Uewellia (Minister of Food), in a written renlv tn Mr Rnstron Duckworth (C Moss Side) in the House of Commons, stated I propose, as I did last year, to issue lib. of sugar i per ration-book for domestic jam- maSing, ant this year to make it available in time for the soft fruit season. In view of the serious world shortage of sugar and the requirements of liberated areas I regret I cannot hold out any prospect of the1 further addition which I had hoped to be able to ttuVp available this year." THE GERMAN LEGATION IN- DUBLIN US. Minister Takes Keys The keys of the German Legation in Dublin were yesterday handed to the American Minister, who, according- to an Eire Government statement, had informed the fiictPT- foj- External Affairs that the United Nations had assumed the powers and property of the Government of Germany and that he was prepared on behalf of the United Nations to take over the Lefafiou in ana boutn-east Europe, mJ ruiaoa, 2ecnosiovaKia, ana xugosiavia especially.

FUTURE OF TRIESTE The Government of the new Yugoslavia is violently opposed to the occupation of Trieste by Western Allied troops. It may be that a free port and international status for the town, with Italian sovereignty in cultural questions, would best serve the Allied and European cause, especially during the years of transition. If this cannot be, then there is a case for'its return to Italy because an overwhelming majority of its inhabitants are Italian. With that view even the Italian Communists concur, although their desire for good relations with Yugoslavia is sincere, and they are prepared to make generous concessions. They admit that Yugoslavia has a just claim to the hinterland of Trieste and that a solution must be found in a partition be tween town ana ninterland.

In other zones, Norway, Denmark, and Holland notably, the change over lrom the war has gone more smoothly. Fears lest Norwegians should be unable alone to handle their transition period have proved to be unfounded and there hai been no need to call on Sweden for the peaceful kind of assistance that she was prepared to give. Through effective organisation between the exiled Government and its delegates in Norway, the Norwegian underground movement was able to take over Government departments and local administration from the moment the war ended. In the conquered territories, Austria especially, difficulties again seem to be in the forefront. Although it was decided at Yalta that the control of Austria should be a joint one, with Russian.

British. American, and French zones of occupation and a central Allied Control Commission sitting in Vienna, no British, American, or French representative of the Commission has yet arrived Austria. ALLIES AND GERMANY Whether or not there can still be a technical explanation of the delay in Austria is comparatively unimportant. The serious question is whether there is to be a united Allied policy in Europe or whether one of the Great Powers is going to prejudice this hope by a one sided power policy towards Austria and perhaps towards Germany too. Were there disunity of purpose and policy towards Germany, then, of course, the test case for all Allied unity would be lost.

The problem is not one of experiment or compromise but of principle. The way it is handled will decide not only the future of Germany and Austria but whether there is to be real co-operation and agreement between the Allies. Will there be one Austria reorganised under the supervision of one Power and four Germanys with separate lives in the different zones of occupation Such a solution would play directly into the hands of the Germans, and there are still amongst them a majority who even in defeat are thinking in terms of power policy alone. It would be not only a solution against the new forces in Europe, but the best guarantee of the continuation of Germany's imperialist consciousness which would concentrate first on the demarcation lines between the different Germanys. During the past few weeks there has been a clear and dangerous move towards creating spheres of influence riitler and remains so after mm.

i YUGOSLAV CONTROL IN TRIESTE Italian Resentment From oar own Correspondent Rome, May 10. After one week spent by your correspondent on the outskirts of Trieste, with daily visits to this much-discussed city, there is no noticeable improvement to report. A victory and liberation day meeting of the whole poDulation in the Piazza Unita was called. Apart from the Yugoslav and new Italian nags with the red star carried by the Slovenes from the outskirts very few people gathered underneatn the baicony of the Town Hali. from where the new governor of the city addressed the small crowd.

The municipal offices are all open and are staffed by people with little experience of administering the affairs of a big city, though all appear to be armed with immense goodwill and with a remarkable collection of small arms. So far the Allied Government of Trieste consists of Yugoslav administration and rnU Jamlv i rlAlliid adinSSS- tion. A large-scale evacuation of Italians will have to be arranged, as the political commissar, Franz Stoka. explained to me on Monday that the Yugoslav Federation intends to ask all Italians who came there after 1918 to leave. The dry is still in mourning, shuttered, and most of the shops shut-For Trieste there is no liberation, apparently, and for the rest of Italy these days are perhaps the most bitter country has gone through since Mussolini declared war cm the United Nations.

COASTAL LIGHTS NOW PERMITTED The Secretary of the Admiralty announces that lighting restrictions in the coastal areas are no longer necessary for defence purposes, and they are now lemoved'fttr the whole eouzitiy. party stood stiffly to attention on ncrjsix hours slowly patroEed out in the decks, Channel. Then at midnight they re- NAZI SALUTE i turned to a vastly different sight. Out a few moments later, looking ahead. or the darkness came a German armed tember 3.

1939, our own ships were I within liberated Allied and conquered illuminated, and as we swept a search- i enemv territory. Such a weight upon light over the German vessel there came Europe would stunt her natural develop-into the rays a white eight-oared cutter. m2.n as a variegated but narmomous In her stern sat the same naval officer, 'hole. All history and not least that of bu: with him was a resplendent figure i JPe immediate Past has snown that the in light-blue arniv greatcoat with great I Continent cannot oe nominated by pne red lapels. He was Maior General Heine I9.r?e or ideology.

This was so before saw the German surrender ship. She was a dirty, battered minesweeper, her sides red with rust, the paint on her superstructure chipped and discoloured. It seemed crudely lansastse as we vmched. to see. heaved over the side the trawler, a three-foot-by-six rubber dinghy.

Three Nazi sailors climbed into it. followed by a young naval officer carrying an attacne case, inis youm carrying an tasc. uis from the water, the waves sweeping up and soaking him from the waist down-; wards. And pale-faced, with chin which receded to nothingness. Captain Lerutenant Amim Zimmermann to the Bulldog to be received by the rf camt'nff Tt1 anrt cnn Ql the boatswains whistles.

The eyes of this slim grey youth nasnea nervouso as his hand shot out in the Nazi salute, At his side he carried a naval dirk, its gold dark and tarnished. From his attache case he produced credentials, and then a voung Birmingham lieu- tenant, immaculate, escorted him below to fhe wardroom. Pacing him was an imposing array of British officers Brigadier General A. E. Snow, the chief British representa jivp AHmiral Stuart, reoresentins the Navy a representative of the Royal Air Force, an interpreter, and otner start i officers.

Again his hand shot up in an exag- 1 i I i i i nf Th rM-msn Armv Heine was immediately asked on aVviarr) if aowntoW unrnnrii. iSSiXSPs. commander-in-chief. Ja." he replied. ml who had to wait.

He was escorted to a cabin and told that be would be called upon to sign the necessary documents at aa am. a table was placed on the quanerecs, erixacuer uenerai iT ir- and aie. other members of his staff grouped around him. The German general was summoned and. hesitating, alJ5st tottering, for he is a man in late middle age.

he came to the table. Eight ms singed his name copies fox Britain. Russia, and America, and for the other necessary purposes. The brigadier signed, and that was the end. The Channel Islands were free again.

The June was 14 i-m. Scenes the final rarrender of the German garrison at Guernsey, on pare CI St. Peter Port, Commander X. J. We: Of tne SntlSn Naw, boarded the submarine, which came to anchor tied up to a drifter between her two escorts, and a Polish armed guard was put aboard.

Commander Weir went into the canning-tower of' the submarine and said to the oberleutnant. who had been shouting orders to his crew: "I have come on board to accept unconditional surrender of your U-boat-" The submarine commander's reply, in English, was terse I have to, he said. Then he signed the instrument of surrender. Commander Weir afterwards delivered the instrument of surrender to Rear Admiral R. J.

R. Scott in his office in Portland dockyard. Admiral Scott, accepting the surrender, said: "It seems appropriate to me that the first U-boat to snrrender after the war should do so at Weymouth, the spiritual home of the anti-submarine service." The Admiral then ordered the following signal to be made "The German mtfgn is to be hauled down at sunset to-night nd i not be hoisted again." FOUR U-BOATS SURRENDER Four German U-boats have already surrendered and have been taken over by -the British Navy. The first, the 249, which surrendered to the crew of a United States Liberator patrol 'plane off the Scilly Isles on Wednesday, was escorted into Weymouth Bay yesterday, and was followed last night by a second. Two others gave themselves up to the Navy yesterday afternoon, at Loch Eribol, an inlet on the north coast of Scotland.

13 miles to the east of Cape Wrath. The II 249 had on board five officers and 43 ratings. She is believed to have been at sea 40 days, and her voung-tooldng commander was Oberleutnant Kock. She had sur-faced SO miles south-south-west of the Lizard, and two Plymouth sloops, Amethyst and Magpie, were ordered to escort her into Weymouth Bay for the surrender. When first sighted, off the submarine was seen to'tw flying toe bxiuxb over we.