The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 5

THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN, WEDNESDAY, MAY 9, 1945 THE GERMANS IN DAY OF VICTORY THE SURRENDER MR. CHURCHILL LEADS CROWD THE KING'S IN SONG Floodlit Whitehall Scenes "A VICTORY OF THE GREAT BRITISH NATION AS A WHOLE" From our Correspondents REJOICINGS The War's Official End ROYAL FAMILY AND PREMIER ON PALACE BALCONY Moscow Celebrating To-day The war against Germany officially came to an end at one minute past midnight this morning after a day of victory rejoicings by the people of Britain and her allies all over the world. Mr. Churchill's broadcast declaration that the war had ended and that we might allow ourselves "a brief period of rejoicing" set the seal on celebrations which were already well under way. The victory holiday will continue to-day before, as the King said in his broadcast to the nation last night, "we turn, fortified by success, to deal with our last remaining foe." The last act of the enemy's surrender was arranged to be staged Berlin yesterday.

The Premier announced that the agreement ratifying the surrender instrument would be signed by Air Chief Marshal Tedder, General Lattre de Tassigny, and Marshal Zhukov for the Allies, and by Field Marshal Keitel and the Army. Navy, and Air Commanders-in-Chief for the Germans. Early this morning Moscow radio announced the signing of unconditional surrender by Germany. This was Moscow's first reference to the peace. A special Order of the Day was broadcast announcing that to-day -will be Victory Day in Russia.

Enthusiasm in London yesterday reached its peak outside Buckingham Palace, where enormous crowds greeted several appearances on the balcony by the King and Oueen and the Princesses. On one occasion Mr. Churchill joined the Royal Family on the balcony. Later the Premier was the centre of enthusiastic demonstrations in Whitehall. During the day the King received all the members of the War Cabinet and the three Chiefs of Staff and exchanged congratulations.

London, Tuesday. Buckingham Palace and Whitehall were the centres of the great V.E.-Day demonstrations here to-day. The Royal Family made several appear ances on the balcony of the Palace and on one occasion were accompanied by Mr. ChurchilL The two Princesses, escorted by Guards officers, left the Palace after nightfall to mingle with the great crowds outside. The Prime Minister twice aPDeareri on the balcony of the Ministry of Health, and addressed a large crowd in Whitehall.

On his second appearance, made just after 10 30 pjn. when the Houses of were nooout, he conducted tne singing ot "iana of and Glory." Then, after referring to the celebrations, he said We must begin the task of re-building our hearths and homes and do our utmost to make this country a land in which all have a chance and in which all have a duty, and there we must turn ourselves to fulfil our duty to our own countrymen, to our gallant allies thp United States, who were so foully and treacnerously attacKea ay japan. We will go hand in hand with them, and even if it is a hard struggle we shall not be the ones who will fail." This is not the victory of a party or of any class or large section an the country; it is a victory of the great British, nation as a whole. We were the first to draw the sword against tyranny. After a while we were left us alone against the most tremen dous military power that has been seen we were all alone for a whole year.

There we stood alone. Did anybody want to give in STIRRING EVENTS OUTSIDE THE PALACE MEMORABLE COMMONS SCENES Tumultuous Welcome for Mr. Churchill From our Political Correspondent BROADCAST A Thanksgiving "WE TURN TO DEAL WITH LAST FOE The King, broadcasting last night to the British Commonwealth, said: To-day we give thanks to Almighty God for a great deliverance. Speaking from our Empire's oldest capital city, war-battered but never for one moment daunted or dismayed speaking from London, I ask you to join with me in that act of thanksgiving. Germany, the enemy who drove all Europe into war, has been finally over come.

In the Far East we have yet to deal with the Japanese, a determined and cruel foe. To this we shall turn with the utmost resolve and with all our resources. But at this hour, when the rirenrtful shadow of war has passed far from our hearths and homes in these islands, we may at last make one pause for thanksgiving and then turn -our thoughts to xne tasK ail over the world which peace in Europe brings with it. TO THE FALLEN Let us remember those who will not come back, their constancy and courage in battle, their sacrifice and endurance in the face of a merciless enemy. Let us remember the men in all the Services and the women in all the Services who have laid down their lives.

We have come to the end of our tribulation and they are not with us at the moment of our rejoicing. Then let us salute in proud gratitude the great host of the living who have brought us to victory. I cannot praise them to the measure of each one's service, for in a total war the efforts of all rise to the same noble height and all are devoted to the common purpose. Armed or unarmed, men and women, you have fought, striven, and endured to your utmost. No one knows that better than I do and as your King I thank with a full heart those who bore arms so valiantly on land and sea or in the air, and ail civilians who, shouldering their many burdens, have carried them unflinchingly without complaint.

With those memories in our minds, let us think what it was that has upheld us through nearly six years of suffering and peril the knowledge that everything was at stake, our freedom, our independence, our very existence as a people but the knowledge also that in defending ourselves we were defending the liber-' ties of the whole world that our cause was the cause not of this nation only, not of this Empire and Commonwealth only, but of every land where freedom is cherished and law and liberty go hand in hand. THE LAST BARRIER In the darkest hours we knew that the enslaved and violated peoples of Europe looked to us. Their hopes were our hopes, their confidence confirmed our faith. We knew that if we failed the last remaining barrier against a world-wide tyranny would have fallen in ruins. But we did not fail.

We kept faith with ourselves and with one another; we kept faith and unity with our great allies. That faith, that unity have carried us to victory through dangers which at times seemed overwhelming. So let us resolve to bring to the tasks which lie ahead the same high confidence in our mission. Much hard work awaits us both in the restoration of our own country after the ravages of war and in helping to restore peace and sanity to a shattered world. This comes upon us at a time when we have all given of our best.

For five long years and more heart and brain, nerve and muscle, have been directed upon the overthrow of Nazi tyranny. Now we turn, fortified by success, to deal with our last remaining foe. The Queen and I know the ordeals which you have endured throughout the Commonwealth and Empire. We are proud to have shared some of these ordeals with, you, and we know also that tneether we shall all face the future together with stern resolve and prove that our reserves of will-power and vitality are inexhaustible. A LASTING PEACE There is great comfort in the thought that years of darkness and danger in which the children of our country have grown up are over, and please God, for ever.

We shall have failed and the blood of our dearest will have flowed in vain if the victory which they died to win does not lead to a lasting peace founded on justice and goodwill. To that, then, let us turn our thoughts on this day of just triumph and proud sorrow, and then take ud our work again resolved as a people to do nothing unworthy of those who died for us and to make the world such a world as they would have desired for their children and for ours. This is the task to which now honour binds us. In the hour of danger we humbly committed our cause into the hand of God and He has been our strength and shield. Let us thank Him for His mercies and in this hour of victory commit ourselves and our new task to the guidance of the same strong hand.

WEATHER FORECASTS AGAIN A Large Depression For the first time since the war began it is possible to tell the world what weather Britain is having while it is having it and what it is likely to have. Yesterday ail restictions were removed by the censors, and the Straits of Dover's exclusive priority in up-to-date weather news is ended. The first weather forecast since the outbreak of war, issued by the Air Min.s-try yesterday, said: "A large depression between Ireland and the Azores is almost stationary and small disturbances are moving northward over the. British Isles. Weather will continue warm and thundery, with bright intervals in most districts." Rain fell almost everywhere vester-day.

Winds off the sea kept day temperatures down to around 50 degrees along the east coasts of England and Scotland, but inland and in western districts the day was warm. 70 degrees being exceeded at most places in Southeast and South England. South Midlands, and East Anglia. London was the warmest place with 78 degrees. Fnll forecast on page 8 VICTORY HOLIDAYS The "Manchester Guardian will not be published to-morrow (Thursday).

DEFEAT A Political Vacuum THE ALLIES' GREAT TEST From out Diplomatic Correspondent Switzerland, Mat 8. Continental nations have watched the agony of Germany's defeat more silently than they exnected to do. The conception of this defeat has pernaps been too overwhelming for countries and Peonies who for vears. have believed that immediately the uei wan. conqueror was driven out tne whole face nf fhp oartVi must rVi-nrn The sufferings of the enslaved nations have been too.

deep for them to be auie rasp at once xne urn vaiour and validitv of a enemy who, even in defeat, pursued his policy of extermination against I. TT. me ucat Europe suDstance. The thouRATlrlc nf mace oi-qtiap elut '-J uifuu all tne countrysides where patriots have wui uguuug speaK ineir own language. Not only in villages but in lonely ham- uumi ux j-ituy, in ranee, Belgium nn3 PTnUatnl 1 vn these unknown soldiers is everywhere.

iutousiioui no tram stoos without thp mnst natWir woman receiving her husband from utiiiittu tapuviiy, a moineir ner son, or a luuu ins iiiiDtx. j.ae numan ireignt trains across Switzerland is beyond description and belief. "Sick people" is a mild description for these human wjcurLa who wear tne semDiance or death, not life. for an armistice Germany recklessly iwcu tu me xuug iucuunt ol ner p.uui. In many concentration csmps, Ravens- "'k ouu nuauciui'jieii especially, Hsrsinff Was rontirm.ri nril tVio lacf lew days.

But even that is not an end to the reckoning of a war of terror that devastated Europe, her towns and her industries, her soil and her seed. The loss in human terms is not only of those who died but of those who could not be born. Yet that sorely tried continent lives in spite of its lear ot life, and the life of its people is quickened bv their determination to contribute to the great work of reorganisation. FAITH IN BRITAIN In virtue of this three questions are asked. Will the peace last What opor-tunities will Europeans be given to shape their own future What is to be the role of the Great Powers in Europe, end what will be Britain's share jn a European partnership To-day it is Britain and Britain's shining glory above all that European nations, their common people especially, believe to be part of their faith.

The German defeat at present is still a purely military one Political victory has yet to be achieved. movement for the future has arisen to help the Aiues, no bearer of a new idea or system has emerged from the fiehtina. There have been a few insignificant i n- 7 1 1 in jviuuuun, ior example. They are meaningless because what has appeared is in the tradition of the old German Imperialist policy. Thev are even more worthless because nowhere has the German opposition proved its courage in deeds.

Words there have oeen, out little else THE NAZI POISON It is a great tragedv. perhaps the greatest tragedy of Europe, that the National Socialist poison has infiltrated so deeply into the German mind and ctharacter. No less difficult is the fact that the German soul will become the test case for the Grand Alliance. This many Germans know they not only know it but will act upon it. In other words, Europe and the world must be aware, and should be aware for a long time to come, mat wnere Germany was there is now a moral vacuum in which leading people still exist who would like to plav the power game and nothing else, it is true that there are others, too, but it is discouraging to hear even in German opposition quarters that National Socialism was right in its national aspirations and wrong only in its methods.

THIRD REICH ENDS At midnight last right with the or- mal cease fire on all fronts the Third I Reich ceased its legal existence and its Government ceased to function. Germany and her Government have become a subjugated, conquered and occupied country, without further independent existence. Her Government, her military leaders and all her armed forces still at liberty are then legally the same category as prisoners of war. All German property and all her possessions and credits in foreign countries are automatically transferred to the account of the Central Allied Control Commission, which will begin to function immediately. There will therefore be no armistice, as in 1918, with stipulated terms of what the Germans have to hand over.

As from midnight last night the whole of German man-power and all German military and private propertv are at the disposal of the Allies. Reuter. FULL CAPITULATION Text of the Surrender Document S.H.A.E.F.. May 8. The text of the German unconditional surrender document, entitled "Act of Military Surrender," is as follows 1.

We, the undersigned, acting by authoritv of the German High Command, hereby "surrender unconditionally to the Supreme Commander. Allied Expeditionary Force, and simultaneously to the Soviet High Command aU forces on land, sea. and in the air who are at this date under German control. 2. The German High Command will at once issue orders to all German military, naval, and air authorities and to aU forces under German control to cease active operations at 23.01 hours iCentral European Time) on May 8.

and to remain in the positions occupied at the time. No ship, vessel, or aircraft is to be scuttled or any damage done to their hull, machinery, or equipment. 3. The German High Command will at once issue to the appropriate commanders and ensure the carrying out of any further orders issued by the Supreme Commander. Allied Expeditionary Force, and bv the Soviet High Command.

4. This act of military surrender is without prejudice to. and will be superseded by any general instrument of surrender imposed by. or on behalf of. the United Nations and applicable to Germany and the German armed forces as a whole.

Associated Press. OTHER VICTORY NEWS Premier' Tribute to Commons Donitx's Broadcast 8 King's Message to Allied Manchester Celebrations Photographs of Ratios Ceremony 3 AT RHEIMS Jodl's Humiliation PLANNED CONQUEST OF BRITAIN From our Special Correspondent Rheims, May 8. The end of the journey came in Rheims where at General Eisenhower's advanced headquarters in the early hours of yesterday emissaries of Admiral Donitz accepted the unconditional surrender of Germany's stricken military forces wherever they may still be fighting in the scattered pockets of Europe. At one minute after midnight to-night the last shot of the war should have been fired, but it is officially announced that in view of difficulties of communications which may delay orders issued to German forces troops of the Allied Expeditionary Force remaining in their present positions will take full defensive precautions. BLOODSHED SAVED After the enemy's collapse in the North and South of Germany and the scores of thousands of prisoners it has involved there was relatively little left to surrender, though the present issue of the conflict has saved needless bloodshed in Norway, in the remaining pockets in Czechoslovakia, and on the French Atlantic coast.

It is a strange reflection of the amazing course the conflict has taken that the end should come with German garrisons still in possession in the Channel Islands and at Dunkirk, where, nearly five years ago. the flame of the most glorious British Army of all time leapt forth from disaster. There is an eloquent comparison between that day and this in the final words of the chief German delegate in Rheims. General Gustaf Jodl, the author of the ten-point programme for annihilation of Britain and America, who recently succeeded Guderian as Chief of Staff. Rising at the conclusion of the sign ing ana addressing tne assembled Allied chiefs, he said I want to say a word," and, proceeding in German With this signature the German people and Ger man armed forces are, for better or worse, delivered into the victors' hands.

In this war. which has lasted more than five years, both have achieved and suf fered more tnan, perhaps, anv other people in the world. In this hour I can only express the hope that the victor will treat them with generosity." There was no reply. MESSAGE TO DONITZ Already negotiations had been in progress for two days, but a last message had been sent to' Donitz and a signature was confidently expected for eleven o'clock on Sunday night. But as the hours went by with little sign of life but the shuffling of military police mounted at the main entrance it seemed that another hitch had occurred and that an end could not be made until late yesterday morning.

All the delegates, however, were remaining on the alert and about 2 a.m. the staff cars began to arrive. First came General Bedell Smith, the Allied Chief of Staff, who has borne the main brunt of the negotiations, closely followed by General Carl Spaatz, Chief or the American Air forces in Europe, and by Admiral Sir Harold Burrough, Commander-in-Chief, with Lieutenant General Sir Frederick Morgan, who was now to see the fulfilment of his masterly planning for JJ-uay. Then came a little group of Russian officers in their dark-blue and gold Major General Ivan Suslaoatoff, chief of the Russian Mission to France, with special powers from the Soviet Govern ment Colonel Ivan Zenkovitch, and their interpreter. Major General S.

Sevez. representing the French Chief of. Staff, arrived next, followed by the Germans in two cars, with their escort- ins Allied officers. They wore neat Service uniform and were frigidly cor rect, and with Joel was Admiral von Friedeberg. now Commander-in-Chief of the German in succession to Donitz.

The Times' 'Manchester Guardian' Service LAST-MINUTE EFFORT TO DIVIDE ALLIES No Signs of Remorse The Germans tried their tricks until the last before the surrender, but they got nothing from General Eisenhower, (writes Reuter's Special Correspondent at Rheims) Up to the last moment they attempted to play for time to allow their troops to surrender to the western allies instead of to the" Allies as a whole. Even up to May 5 and 6 that is, up to the day before the actual signing of the surrender they continued their tactics of trying to split the eastern and western allies. But in imposing surrender General Eisenhower did not recognise Heinr.ch H.mmler, bu; accepted the signature ot General Gustaf Jodl as Chief of the German Army Staff. Admiral von raised the point about surrendering to the Russians right up to the last moment, but signed when he was told he must surrender unconditionally to the Allies of both East and West or the Allies would close their lines. The German delegates showed no signs of remorse.

They were typical of defeated Germans pleading for mercy. The last straw, they said, came when there was difficulty in inducing German troops to fight. DUBLIN DISORDERS British and U.S. Officials' Windows Broken From our Dublin Correspondent An official statement issued by the Eire Government Information Bureau last night stated Windows in the British representative's office and the American Consulate General were broken last night by stones thrown by a member or members of a disorderly crowd which paraded the streets after the disturbances at Trinity College, Dublin. The Secretary of the Department of External Affairs called this afternoon on the British representative (Sir John Maffevj and on the American Consul General Mr.

McEnelly) to express the regret of the Minister for External Affairs at the occurrence, which he greatly deplored. Mere disorderly scenes occurred last night in front of Trinity College, where crowds gathered to protest, against the burning of an Irish flag by students. Stones were thrown at the college buildings, smashing many windows, and truncheon charges were made by the police before the demonstration could be broken up. A number of, people were injured. Westminster, Tuesday.

It would be a sweeping statement to say that no British Prime Minister was ever received with such tumultuous acclaim as Mr. Churchill to-day. Let us be restrained, and say there has been no comparable scene in the House of Commons for at least a generation. The Munich episode did not equal it because the demonstration for Mr. Chamberlain was a preponderantly Tory affair.

It was the Tories who first leapt to their feet waving their or --papers. The rest of the stood up, but not altogether without constraint. Snowden swept the House off its feet with his great peroration when introducing his 1931 Emergency Budget, but then there was a Labour Opposition which kept both its head and its seats To-day, at the first glimpse of Mr. Churchill, coming in from behind the Speakers chair, a House packed in all parts rose as one man and broke into a prolonged burst of ecstatic cheering yes, ecstatic is not too extravagant a word. And.

of course, it alt went to wild waving of order-papers. But. as showing the explosive spontaneity of the5 welcome, everybody else the House. -by pure reflex action, also rose as one man. All the diplomatists (Mr.

Winant among them, but not the Russian Ambassador) were seen to be standing, all the peers, too. and the bodv of the general public, and last the supposedly blase Press Gallery. Even the journalists had forgotten themselves. For. remember, it is rank disorder for anvone to stand up like this in any of the galleries of the House of Commons even the Royal Gallery.

THE PREMIER'S EMOTION What the ooject of this affectionate demonstration was thinking and feeling would be worth a king's ransom to know, but the. only sign he gave was. a grateful smile as members (and mis The No." crowd roared back a terrific Were we downhearted Premier. asked the No," came back the answer. Mr.

Churchill: "The lights went out There was a great burst of laughter at this, because the floodlighting of the balcony from which he was speaking had been turned off shortly before his appearance "And the bombs came down. But every man, woman, and child had ro thought of quitting the struggle. London can it Sr wp ramp after long months from the jaws of aeain. out of tne mouth, of hell, while all the world wondered. I say that in the Innff vears to com- not only the people of his island fut of ine worm, wherever the bird of freedom chirps in human hearts will Snntr back to what we have done aid they will say Do not despair.

Do not yield to violence and tyranny, march straignt iorwara and die it need be uncon-quered inow we nave emerged from one deadly struggle a terrible foe has been cast on the ground and awaits our judg- inem ana our mercy, nut tnere is another foe who occupies large portions of the British Empire, a foe stained with cruelty and greed the Japanese. They would give us much worse than that, added the Premier. Mr. Churchill then gave the sign again. The crowd burst into For he's a jolly good fellow." and, wearing his black soft hat.

the Prime Minister left the balconv. About a quarter to eleven the King ana vueen ana tne princess once more came out on to the balconv. where they stayed about ten minutes, waving to the crowd response to deafening cheers. The crowd was as large as ever for this, ineir sixm appearance. colleagues, stepped on tn thp balcnnv nf the Ministry of Health, he looked bull- aogisn," smiled, and then gave the sign.

When the Prime Minister nudsed Mr. Bevin in the ribs. Mr. Bevin responded kin. isu, iu iiitr uciiUL ul me signtseers.

God bless von all." the Premier de clared. This is your victory victory of tne cause of freedom in every land. In all our long history we have never seen a greater day than this." He gave the sign, to which the crowd responded tumultuously. Fleet Street joined in the public celebrations in its own appropriate way with nowing cascades of ticker tape. Around the fountains in Trafalgar Square young people, crushed shoulder to shoulder in the jam.

began to dance. They had scarcely room to move their feet, but they managed it somehow. Taxis and private cars came to a standstill early. The manager of a car hire firm said Half of our cars have been pushed over or turned upside down. The remaining drivers refuse to go out.

BOMBERS PROVIDE THRILL A party of soldiers and sailors unearthed a barrel-organ from somewhere and raced with it to the front of the National Gallery to provide a free orchestra for the dancers. Overhead combers swooped and dipped in a way which caused revellers to catch their breath for fear fheir wings should collide with Nelson's Column. Amidst it all thanksgiving was not forgotten and St. Paul's Cathedral was packed for the victory service at noon, while at Westminster Abbey and St. Margaret's the Lords and Commons went to offer thanks.

It was in many ways a celebration very different from that of the first Armistice Day. There was much singing and shouting, but less of the hysteria and none of the blind, unthinking over-optimism of November, 1918. Last night Britain, as represented by the ever-memorable scenes in the central citv of the Commonwealth, welcomed the German surrender with joyous thanksgiving, but with a sober appraisement of all the difficulties of the years ahead. It was remembered, too. that one powerful enemy was still unvan-quished.

THE KING'S PLEASURE Last night's Court Circular stated "The King and Queen were afforded the greatest pleasure by the loyal greetings of the vast concourse of people assembled outside Buckingham Palace to-day to celebrate the successful termination of hostJities in Europe." U-BOATS TO FLY BLACK FLAG Surrender Order The Admiralty announce that the following orders have been issued for the surrender of the German Fleet AU German and German-controlled warships, auxiliaries, merchant ships, and other craft at sea are being ordered to report their position in plain language to the nearest Allied wireless telegraph station and are being given orders to proceed to such Allied ports as directed. They will remain in these ports until further direc-uons are received. All warships, auxiliaries, merchant ships, and ether craft in harbour are being ordered to remain in harbour. U-boats at sea are being ordered to surface, to flv a black flag or pennant, and to report their position in plain language to the nearest Allied wireless telegraphy station. Thev will then proceed on the surface to such port as they may be directed.

Kl warships and merchant whether in port or at sea. are being instructed to train all weapons fore ana aft. Breech blocks will be removed from guns and torpedo tubes will be unloaded. In harbour all ammunition, explosives, torpedo warheads, and all portable weapons will be landed. Mine-sweeping vessels and salvage vessels, though similarly disarmed, will be instructed to complete with fuel if neces-sarv vnA to present themselves immediately for mine-sweeping or salvage service as directed.

Instructions will be given for boom defences at ports and harbours to be kept open. Demolition charges and controlled minefields at all ports and harbours are to be rendered ineffective. All personnel will be ordered to' remain either on board their shipj cr in their establishment until other directions are received. LA ROCHELLE FREED French troops have entered the foHress of La Rocheue without meeting any opposition, Paris, radio announced last night. Reuter.

Earlier in the day when the time came for the Premier's broadcast, the few people among the vast crowd gathered outside Buckingham Palace who attempted to cheer when he was announced were hushed quiet. When he began fo speak these tens of thousands stood in a silence attentive, motionless. A few had raised their Union Jacks to wave them. The Union Jacks remained unwaved, died still, like everything else in the enormous throng. Only one cheer broke the intense minutes.

It came when Mr. Churchill spoke of "Our dear Channel Islands." That somehow broke the tension as the theme passed from the major to the minor and the near at hand. The tension over, some people shyly sang the National Anthem and equally shyly began their mounting calls for The King," We want the King." There was a great cheer and a waving of every hat, flag, streamer as the Royal Family came out through the open balcony window, which, like the windows of so many Lnndon homes, 10 stsil of brown board and mica from the air raids. The King was in the uniform of Admiral of the Fleet and the Queen reminded everyone of peace-time days with her love-in-the-mist blue frock and blue halo hat. Beside them stood Princess Elizabeth in A.T.S.

uniform and Princess Margaret Rose a blue dress deeper than the Queen's. THE CLIMAX Mr. Churchill's aDDearance with the Royal Family on the balcony of the Palace about 5 30 pm. was the climax of the afternoon's stirring events outside the royal The last to leave the balcony, the Prime Minister had a special cheer of his own. and "For he's a jolly good fellow was sung by the people.

An Australian soldier climbed the gates of the Palace, waving a flag, and led the crowd in songs and cheers. The Royal Family appeared on the balcony again several times later, when there was a fresh wave of enthusiasm and cheering. Soon after 3 25 Mr. Churchill left the War Cabi-iet office from which he had been broadcasting. Mounted police pushed a way through the crowd for him.

and shouts of Good old Winnie 1 reached a crescendo when, beaming broadly, as he pulled at his cigpr and giving tne sign, he passed across Parliament Square on his way to the House. Ke was perched on the roof of his open car with a man by his side. Later when Mr. Churchill, accompanied by his war chiefs and Cabinet PRAGUE GERMANS SURRENDER To All Allies The Germans surrendered unconditionally in the Prague area at 6 p.m. last night, says the Associated Press.

The surrender is on the same terms as that signed at Rheims to the British, Americans, and Russians alike. The Germans undertook to enforce the armistice on "such units which refuse to surrender." The agreement. Prague radio, was signed by representatives of tae Czechoslovak National Army and the German general commanding the forces in Plague. According to this agreement all Wehrmacht units. S.S.

trooos. German police and ill German state organs in Prague and surroundings had to star: leaving by 8 p.m. last night. COASTAL LIGHTING STILL LIMITED The Admiralty announces that for the time being existing lighting restrictions must remain in force in aU coastal areas. Until it is definitely known that all U-boats have received instructions to surrender and are complying with them, the Admiralty regrets that it is essential to continue these restrictions in fulL The restrictions will be removed as soon as possible.

Claction defied the black-out last night with bonfires and flares on the sea front. GERMANS LEAVING DENMARK Copenhagen, May 8. Nearly 300,000 German troops started the long march, out of Denmark to-day in kilometre-long columns. They moved on the main roads, transporting their luggage on home-made vehicles, wheelbarrows, and even prams, Associated Press. PREMIER'S VICTORY BROADCAST behaving non-members) resumed their seats.

He instantly rose to another cheer and read to the House the announcement he had made half an hour earlier (it was now exactly 3 30) over the wireless. That finished, Mr. Churchill paused. He was plainly fighting with emotion, He is a man of great sensitivity as well as a great fighter. It is a side of him that the public does not know, but that the House of tjommons does.

He was seeking words to express his eratitude to the House. Or perhaps it would be truer to say he was joyfully recognising, what he has so many times acknow ledged, the plain proof the House of Commons has given throughout the war that it can be the free and unfettered critic of the Executive without ever losing sight of the supreme demand of the national interest the prosecution of the war to a victorious hnish. THE HOUSE GIVES THANKS In Mr. Churchill's own words, it has shown how to preserve the title deeds of democracy while waging war in the most stern and protracted form. This triumph of Parliamentary democracy is very dear to Mr.

Churchill. There is no affectation about it. Indeed, no British Prime Minister in war has been so scrupulous in acknowledging the supremacy of Parliament. This brought him to move the resolution identical in terms with that submitted at the conclusion of the last war that the House should repair to St. Margaret's to give and reverent thanks to Almighty God for deliverance from the threat ol German domination.

As the House rose to follow the Speaker in procession, Mr. Churchill crossed the floor and was quickly engaged in shaking hands with Mr. Arthur Greenwood, Mr, Shinwell, and other Labour leaders, and with Sir Percy Harris and some of the Liberals. It was an act instinct with the man's chivalry. We may soon come to see it as having 'been symbolic of the end of this Coalition which has served England probably better than anv Coalition in her history.

stitute any reason for withholding from the nation the facts communicated to us by General Eisenhower of the unconditional surrender already signed at Rheims. nor should it prevent us from celebrating to-day and to-morrow, Wednesday, as in Europe Days. OUR RUSSIAN COMRADES" To-day, perhaps, we shall think mostly of ourselves. To-morrow we shall pay a particular tribute to our Russian comrades, whose prowess in the field has been one of the grand contributions to the general victory. The German war is therefore at an end.

After years of intense preparation Germany hurled herself on Poland at the beginning of September, 1939, and pursuance of our guarantee to Poland and in agreement with the French Republic Great Britain, the British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations declared war upon this foul aggression. After gallant France had been struck down we from this island and from our United Empire maintained the struggle single-handed for a whole year until we were joined by the militarv might of Soviet Russia and later bv the overwhelming power and resources of the United Slates of America. Finally almost the whole world was combined against the evildoers, who are now prostrate before us. Our gratitude to our splendid Allies goes forth from alt our hearts in this island and throughout the British Empire. We may allow ourselves a brief period of rejoicing, but let us not forget for a moment the toil and efforts that lie ahead.

Japan, with all her treachery and greed, remains unsubdued. The injury she has inflicted on Great Britain, the United States, and other countries and her detestable cruelties call for justice and retribution. We must now devote all our strength and resources to the completion of our task both at home and abroad. Advance Britannia. Long live the cause of freedom.

God save the King. Mr. Churchill's message was followed immediately by the ceremonial sounding of the end of the war in Europe by buglers of the Scots Guards. The official announcement of victory I in Europe was made by the Prune Minister in a broadcast at three o'clock yesterday afternoon, and the statement was repeated half an hour later to a cheering House of Commons. Mr.

Churchill said Yesterday -morning at 2 41 a.m. at General Eisenhower's Headquarters General Jodl, the representative of the German High Command and of Grand Admiral Donitz, the designated head of the German State, signed the act of unconditional surrender of all German land, sea. and air forces in Europe to the Allied Expeditionary Force and simultaneously to the Soviet High Command. General Bedell Smith, Chief of Staff of the Allied Expeditionary Force, and General Francois Sevez signed the document on behalf of the Supreme Commander the Allied Expeditionary Force and General Suslapatov signed on behalf of the Russian High Command. To-day this agreement will be ratified and confirmed at Berlin, where Air Chief Marshal Tedder.

Deputy Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force, and General de Tassigny. representing the French Republic, will sign on behalf of General Eisenhower. Marshal Zhukov will sign on behalf of the Soviet High Command. The German representatives will be Field Marshal Keitel. Chief otthe High Command, and Commanders-in-Chief of the German Army.

Navy, and Air Forces. HstUiUes will end officially at one minute after midnight to-night. Tuesday, May 8, but in the interests of saving lives the cease-fire began yester-dav to be sounded all along the front, and our dear Channel Islands are also to be freed to-day. The Germans are still in places resisting the Russian troops, but should hey continue to do so after midmgnt they will, of course, deprive themselves of the protection of tne laws Of war and will be attacked from all quarters by the Allied troops. It is not surprising that on such long fronts and in the existing disorder of the enemy the commands of the German wrt Command should not every case be obeyed immediately.

This does Sot In opinion, with the best "military advic at our disposal, con.