The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 3

THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN. TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 1949 Books of the Day REBUILDING THE FAMILY REPAIRING A PARIS CHURCH CHINA'S PEASANT PROBLEM Tawney Pioneer Work Among Children on Merseyside From our Special The Liverpol Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children the oldest of its kind in this country hopes that its new nursery at Linnet Lea, Linnet Lane. Liverpool, will play a part in pioneer work in family rehabilitation on Merseyside. Linnet Lea, which has been a going concern" since the end of last year, though the formal opening is to-day, replaces the old Children's Shelter which had carried on its work in Islington Square, Liverpool, for 63 years This building, which could take 16 children, was in a busy city area, and its lack of a garden was only one of the disabilities which made it unsuitable for use as anything but a short-stay home. The new nursery is in the Sefton Park district, and the admirably equipped house has room for 25 iP- There is a pleasant garden and it is hoped to start a nursery class.

Here boys up to seven years old and girls up to ten or twelve may stay for periods up to six months or longer. BROKEN HOMES Of recent years no more than about 10 per cent of the children coming into the care of the society have been removed from their homes because of their parents' cruelty or neglect. The rest have been children of broken homes, children whose mothers are in hospital, or orphans who come to the shelter until permanent arrangements can be made for them. To these the secretary of the society. Miss C.

Leadley-Brown, now hopes to add the children of families whose standards are lapsing so rapidly that only a fresh start is likely to prevent the break-up of the home. Several social welfare organisations must co-operate if that fresh start is to be achieved, and the Liverpool would welcome a discussion with all those interested. Usually the first step is to give the mother a holiday, with the care of her family remover! nr roHnr-p PncciWv she might be sent to BrentwnnH. the Lancashire Community rramcil's recuperative centre at Marple, Cheshire, with one or two of her children, while their older brothers and sisters went to Linnet Lea. (The need for such a division will be seen when it is said that Brentwood has room for a dozen mothers and about thirty children under eight years old.

while families of five or six are common enough on the The lead coTering of the dome the Pantheon, in Paris, is being replaced, The building dates from 1764 and was given its present name during the Revolution, when it was temporarily secularised. MISCELLANY any hour, residents had the habit of MRS. DUFFY'S APPEAL DISMISSED Judge's "Classic Definition" of Law of Provocation By R. H. Earth-bound China: A Study of Rural Economy in Yunnan.

By Hsiao-Tung Fei and Chih-I Chang. Routledge and Kegan Paul. Pp. xv. 319.

18s. Till less than a century and a half ago the social problem in most parts of Western Europe was the peasant problem. That of modern China is a species of the same genus. It is the condition of the 320,000,000 or so persons, out of her population of 450,000,000, who. partly as wage-earners but mostly as small farmers, win a meagre and precarious living by the cultivation of her vast area.

Every other of the issues haunting her poverty and recurrent famine industrial retardation internal disorder, from banditry to civil war political instability even the international sympathies and affiliations of her changing rulers lead the student back to the 'same fundamental enigma. Apart from the publications of tht Institute of Pacific Relations, serious works on' the subject by European and American scholars are few while, except at moments when mass starvation attains sufficient dimensions to provide sensational copy, the foreign press is uninterested in it. As a consequence, Western opinion appears to be almost wholly unaware of realities which have played a large part in moulding the past history of China, and which are a factor of capital importance in her contemporary life. Such ignorance has no longer the excuse which formerly it possessed. Fifteen years ago it seemed to an observer that one weakness of the Chinese educational renaissance was an excessive preoccupation with foreign models, to the neglect of the require ments of China herself.

That criticism is not equally valid to-day. Much work has been done in the last decade by Chinese scholars on the rural economy of their people and the society based on it, and some, though not all, of their books are available English, "Earth-bound China," by Professor Hsiao-Tung Fei and Dr. Chih-I Chang, is a valuable addition to them. The central problem discussed in it is the causes and effects of the concentration of land ownership. In order to throw light on that topic three contrasted types of village the first composed almost entirely of small farmers, the second containing a few larger land- RUSSIAN The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia, 1929-41.

By Max Beloff. Vol. II (1936-41). Oxford University Press. Pp.

434. 21s. Deux ans d'alliance Germano-Sovietique, 1939-41. By A. Rossi.

Paris Librairie Artheme Fayard. Pp. 225. Fcs.250. Mr.

Beloff has completed the history of Russian foreign policy since 1929 that he undertook for Chatham House. It is an indispensable book, a fine piece of scholarship, and an admirable example of the historical temper. Mr Beloff has tried hard to present an impartial narrative. The book could hardly in the nature of things be quite definitive. Since this second volume was drafted the documents have been pouring in and he has clearly had difficulty, though he has done wonderfully, in incorporating them into his text.

In another two or three years the survey may be easier M. Rossi's book, for instance, draws on several sources to which Mr. Beloff has not had access. The main picture, however, is unlikely to be much changed, though there may be differences of emphasis and interpretation and varying estimates of the timing of crucial decisions in the relations between Soviet Russia and the West. There is much that could be said of the details of Mr.

Beloff's careful narrative of Russian diplomacy from 1936 to 1941. It is a source book which only a second edition will replace. But most readers will probably turn first to his concluding chapter, where he attempts to sum up the principles of Soviet foreign policy. Opinion about Russian policy has passed through several phases. Many have argued that in its foreign aspirations the Soviet regime was merely a revival of Tsardom it pursued the traditional lines of Russian expansion.

The revival of Russian nationalism has helped this thesis. Yet Mr. Beloff is surely right in attaching more importance to the Marxist-Leninist ideology in which the rulers of Russia have been brought up and the underlying assumptions which govern their thought. He shows how there is held to be an unbridgeable gulf between the Russian regime and the capitalist world bourgeois diplomacy is Dictured as the servitor of forces whose sole motivation is aggression, a blind desire for A book full of rewarding things is Alphabetical Order (Cape, pp. 348, "A Gallimaufry composed by Daniel George for the Diversion and Solace of the Ruminant Reader" a rather whimsical title belying Mr.

George's own trenchant humour. The best and largest part of the book is not new Pick and Choose," an anthology of items variously curious, delightful, and ribald very frequently all three has been published and praised before, so that so short a notice as this need not try to do justice to the range of its subjects and its sources. By contrast, jottings from Mr. George's own notebooks seem meagre some puns, a thought or two. bus-top and restaurant eavesdropping.

Better value is Work in Progress," fragments of an imaginary autobiography, the germ of a splendid debunking of those flat-fantastic reminiscences we have all read and could nearly all write, proving simply that fact is not only odder than fiction tut very often duller. There is also An Alphabet of Literary Prejudices" a favourite game just now among fashionable critics, all anxious to be credited with gusto before good taste and to dissociate themselves accordingly from everything fashionable. But Mr. George's good humour defies rebuke, and his prejudices, mostly very liberal, born of independence, not spleen, are in sum as wilful and witty as such an assembly of antipathies ought to be. A.

M. P. owners and two local industries other than agriculture, the- third one whose close proximity to a town has produced significant changes both in agricultural techniques and in land tenure were selected for prolonged and intensive study. The scene of the authors investigations was a province in the far South-west, which before 1939 few, even among the Chinese, could claim to know well. The war made it an important base, but beyond the radius of the few roads it remains, with its towering mountains and precipitous valleys, a world by itself.

Its name, Yunnan "south of the cloud," aptly expresses its lonely remoteness. The scientific quality of Earth-bound China" is throughout on a high level. Professor Fei and Dr. Chang write, however, not only as sociologists but also as reformers. They seek a cure for the peasant poverty, which is the most crucial and intractable of the evils afflicting their country.

In their concluding chapter they discuss alternative policies. An improvement in agricultural technique could do something, but less, they think, than is often claimed for it. The equalisation of holdings is necessary but even if all available land were reallotted to the peasants the average size of a Chinese farm would be less, and in Yunnan much less, than five acres. Does mass migrationfor example, to Manchuria and the North-west offer a solution It might somewhat relieve the situation, but its difficulties are formidable, and. even were they overcome, it could hardly do more.

Industrialisation on American or European lines is sometimes preached as the formula of salvation, but even if Chinese industrial development were to be as rapid as that of the United States between 1870 and 1930 the resulting diminution in the agricultural population would add less than one half-acre per peasant farmer. The policy favoured by the authors is to take not the villagers to the industries but the industries to the villagers. It is the development of small-scale decentralised manufactures, using modern technological improvements, but based on the social traditions of the Chinese people and employing the co-operative methods of purchase and marketing, which, in parts of the country, have already made much progress. All lovers of China will hope that this admirable book may be widely read, and will wish success to the programme expounded in it. POLICY conquest." The Communist mind cannot tuurave oi any international machinery which would regulate all States equally, for such machinery must logically involve the sacrifice of sovereignty to a partially non-Socialist organ which fruw not but be biased against the U.b.S.R.

It is a depressing but inescapable conclusion, after our experience since 1945, that we must seek the springs of Russian policy in the Marxist-Leninist dogmas. M. Rossi is, the author of a remarkable study of the French Communist party from 1940 to 1942 Physiologie du Parti Communiste in which he described, with much detail, the perfidious connections between the and the occupying Germans and the great switch-over on Moscow's orders in 1941. In his new book he gives us a close study of Russo-German collaboration after the Molotov-Ribben-trop pact of August 23. 1939.

Inevitably he relies mainly on the Nazi-Soviet documents published by the State Department, the Nuremberg documents, and the "Fiihrer Conferences' published by the Admiralty, but he has had access to some unpublished documents not included in the State Department's volume which are interesting though not of overwhelming importance. His indictment against Russia is crushing he holds that Stalin decided to keen out of the war and to work with the Germans as early as March 10, 1939, and that the initiative for the rapprochement was from the Russian side. He makes a great deal (as, of course, does Mr. Beloff) of the secret agreement of August 23, 1939. for the partition of Poland and the sacrifice of the Baltic States.

It is amazing to read now that Mr. D. N. Pritt boldly denied that any such secret treaty existed, while the American Professor Schuman was almost equally certain. The text was first published in Britain in the Manchester Guardian in May, 1946 M.

Rossi prints a facsimile of the German original. The whole story is a sickening record, and not the least distasteful part is the behaviour of the Communist narties outside Russia while their Moscow masters were collaborating with and aiding the Nazis. Though slighter and more polemical than Mr. Beloff's massive survey, M. Rossi's little book would be well worth translating.

W. To-day physicists are the prima donnas of sciencs, and the less spectacular accomplishments of biologists do not find their way so commonly into the press It was therefore a Eood idea for Mr. Trevor Williams make an anthology on The Soil and the Sea (Saturn Press, pp. 242. 10s.

The book contains reprints of articles on biology previously published in such journals as Endeavour." Discovery," and "New Biology." Many of the authors are leaders in their fields ot study, and their articles are authoritative. The topics range from hydroponics and whaling to evolution and the renses of bats. It is a pitv that the line drawings which illustrated some of the original papers are omitted from the reprints the article by James Gray on animal migration, for instance, had in its original form four interesting maps. But apart from this minor criticism, the book is well produced, and it is convenient to have in one volume such a pleasant variety of scientific essays. E.A.

Mr. Vincent Brome's "pictorial biography." Clement Attlee (Lincolns-Prager, pp. 92, 7s. 6cL). is an attractive record of the Prime Minister and his family.

Its main strength lies in its excellent news pictures," and both Mr. and Mrs. Attlee stand up well before the ordeal of the camera. Correspondent society's books.) There they could get the training in the simple domestic decencies which would fit them to take their place in an improved home when the mother returned. At the third point of the social welfare triangle would be some agency or agencies which, in the absence of mother 'and children, would see that the house was cleaned and perhaps redecorated and give friendly advice and help when they returned.

PROBLEM FAMILIES It is this aspect of the work which Miss Leadley-Brown considers the most difficult and the most in need of development. Of the 400 or so families with whom her society is in touch at any given time, perhaps 100 would be classed as problem families." The proportion seems alarmingly high compared with the 243 such families in a population of 76,000 revealed by a recent survey in Rotherham it is accounted for by the fact that the Liverpool society's casebooks are dealing with people in difficulties, not with a random cross-section of the population. Miss Leadley-Brown, from a life-timers experience of social work, believes that roughly one-third of that 100 cannot be improved by any known method." The remaining two-thirds are capable of varying degrees of response, but the means applied must be equally varied. Mental deficiency is the root cause of the troubles of a large proportion of the rest of the "problem families." The Rotherham survey showed that the mothers of 20 per cent of the problem families were either certified or suspected to be feeble-minded. Miss Leadley-Brown would put the proportion among the 100 families with which she deals a good deal higher.

They are capable of response, some to encouragement, some to warnings of the consequences if they neglect their homes and families, but they need constant supervision if they are not to lapse This kind of comprehensive, unofficial family case-work is already being carried out in Liverpool, Manchester and Salford, Paddington and North Kensington by Family Service Units, but their scope is necessarily limited. Miss Leadley-Brown sees a need for an enormously multiplied number of such workers. Her ideal recruit would be a cross between a domestic science teacher and a social worker, with the devotion of the Little Sisters of the Poor." the Court, which had to see whether the verdict was a proper one arrived at on evidence legally admissible and whether not there was a proper direction of the jury. I cannot help feeling, myself, that it would have been better if any appeal for mercy for this woman had been at once addressed to the constitutional authority, because the result of an appeal is only to postpone other action in the matter." said Lord Goddard. The circumstances of the case were truly sad, truly miserable the young appellant had been subiected to brutal treatment by her husband.

On the night the dreadful deed was committed there had been quarrels and no doubt blow; were struck. She wanted to get the child away and her husband stopped her. She ielt the room and went into the kitchen. She had been there some little time changing her clothes then, when the husband was lying in bed, she came back. Having armed herself with a hatchet and hammer, she used both in blows on him.

The only possible defence was that she acted under such provocation as to reduce the crime to manslaughter. It was difficult to see, from the principles of law which had been laid down, how a verdict of manslaughter could possibly have been brought in except by a jury feeling such intense sympathy for the young woman that they would bring in that verdict instead of one of murder. It was satisfactory to think that a Manchester jury could keep their minds fixed on the law in the matter to such an extent that they did bring in a verdict according to law in a case in which there was enormous sympathy for the woman. The judge had given a classic definition of provocation in a case in which everyone's sympathy had been with the woman as against the dead man. He had said provocation is some act or series of acts done by the dead man to the accused wnicn w'ouia cause the accused and as such would cause any reasonable nerson a sudden and temporary loss of control and so subject to passion as to make him or ner tor tne moment not the master of the mind.

It was essential and necessary for the mdee to have given the lurv the ODDor- tunity of seeing what the principle of law was whatever the consequences might be. mose consequences wouia oe tanen into account when the Secretary of State considered what advice he should fender his Maiestv. Unhappily though it might be. Tie pppenant ruia been properly convicted. PETITION FOR REPRIEVE Immediately after the dismissal yesterday of Mrs.

Duffy's appeal against the death sentence, her solicitor, Mr. Frank R. Johnson, went to the Home Office to present a petition containing over 12,000 signatures praying for a reprieve. PICTURE THEATRES It is vain to try to avoid it, wrote Abelard, of love. And, in spite of its Platonic-sounding title, The Passionate Friends (shown at the Odeon this week) adorns the text.

If in its gentle handling of an emotionally explosive theme the film does credit to humanity it also does honour to the British film industry, for it is rarely that such a tender and evocative love story reaches the screen. In part it is the reverie of a woman wedded to security and affection looking back to days of insecurity and love with another man. Was it really vain to attempt to avoid it The test is "brilliantly engineered even if, at the end, the answer is incomplete. David Lean direction is splendidly controlled, but no more masterly than the performance of his chief players Ann Todd and Trevor Howard, who impart an oddly fascinating touch of urbanity to their enchantment, and Claude Rains, who in his outraged role produces out of calmness an imminent sense of calamity. R.

C. SherrifPs Badgers Green (at the Ganmont) is the first film about cricket. It should certainly not be the last, for it hardly more than hints at the glories of the game. The preliminaries before the village Derby might have been treated more light-heartedly they prompt a guffaw rather than a laugh. but the final overs are a joy.

Chips Rafferty, almost concealed by a monster beard, leads the rebellious defenders of "Eureka Stockade," a piece of Australian history which is singularly lacking in the dynamic sweep and thrust of 'his first film, "The Overlanders." "Somewhere in Polities'' (Deansgate) is described as Frank Randle's "latest and greatest film." That may well be. W.E.C. New rates fixed yesterday include Hyde 18s. 6d. (Is.

increase), Wilmslow 16s. 3d. (Is. increase), and Marple 15s. 2d.

(Is. 2d. increase). POLICING BY TEAMS IN SALFORD Man on Beat Deposed The Chief Constable of Salford, Mr. A.

J. Paterson, was yesterday authorised by the Watch Committee to take the necessary measures for reorganisation required to put into effect in the city the system of team policing which he pioneered, in conjunction with his then chief, when serving as Deputy Chief Constable of Aberdeen. As described in a reDort to the com mittee the system aims to counter the methods of the modern criminal by making full use of the mobility con ferred by motor transport and radio communication. The man on the beat is deposed from his present preeminence in favour of a small mobile team covering a district, in charge of a sergeant, which is dropped by car at a specific point for a specific purpose such as close examination of property in an area where the risk of robberies is high or patrolling the docks area when the public-houses close on a Saturday night, and the members of the team are picked up and transferred to another job at a specified time and place. The patrol car is in constant radio contact with headquarters, and as a result any desired concentration of men can be diverted to any area as circumstances require.

ALL THE PROTECTION REQUIRED The system will require an addition to the number of police patrol cars and an extension of the radio facilities, but Mr. Paterson is confident that it will provide all the protection Salford requires with the existing establishment and will avoid the need for increasing the force, which had previously been pressed on the Home Office, the net saving being of the order of 25,000 a. year. In his view, an increase in ordinary street patrols can be of little service to-day in preventing crime because there is no element of surprise. The need for the best possible deployment of the existing force Of 298 men and 17 women (34 men and seven women below authorised strength) had been previously emphasised to the com mittee the annual police report, siguea oy inr.

a. iowara, who was the acting chief at the end nf 1P4R Examination of the methods used by criminals during the year showed, he said, that there was generally careful planning and that ample transport was used. A total of 2,302 crimes was reported, the highest in recent years and treble the number of ten years ago, but there was little very serious crime and the percentage of detections was maintained. THE UNNAMED SOCIETY "Hamlet" ror an amateur company to attempt Hamlet at all is brave to put on so good a performance as the Unnamed Society's production last night is real achievement. It is a thoroughly well studied and deliberate production, owing nothing to luck or to the glossing over of weaknesses.

It is in the sound, straightforward tradition, in which verse is spoken as "verse and drama is allowed to be dramatic it is ingeniously but simply set and dressed mainly in tones of black, white, and grey, which are more effective than random colours. The movement and interest are much heightened by a bold use of entrances and exits through the audi torium and up the steps to the stage. There is perhaps a hint of homage to Olivier in some of the agile and very well executea leaps and bounds or George Nutkjns as Hamlet; they are fine but a little too much for a small stage. But his Hamlet is distinguished; a performance both thoughtful and virile and at times extremely moving. The more one sees of "Hamlet" the more thrilling a play it seems, and nothing in it is more indicative of this than the opening, where the guards are palpably uneasy before we know why.

This passage should therefore be taken more slowly and more quietly; the natural reaction to seeing a ghost is not a 'shout but a frozen whisper. Among the outstanding scenes in the production was Hamlet's interview with the Queen, during which he kills Polonius. Here Doris Speed acted splendidly, and the appearance of the ghost in the doorway was more really sinister than on the battlements. Another most successful scene was that of the gravediggers, in which Frederick Makin and Harold Whitehead presented two rustics enjoying just that earthly wit that Shakespeare knew, but that even on the professional stage can miss the mark. Mary Hey's Ophelia was touchingly acted and all the better for its restrained picture of madness.

A. Willett Whittaker made an alert and crafty Claudius, Walter Fearnley a sincere Horatio. Justus Land-quist gave the crashing bore Polonius the necessary humour, and Martyn Brayshaw was a dignified Laertes. M. Orphans of the Storm March, which certainly went out like a lamb, has been followed by an April which has been doing a little lionising in the way of high winds.

The gesture has not been very kind to the tall, proud stems of aspiring daffodils and tulips a good many of them have been beaten low and some of them have been snapped off in their prime. Perhaps it is rather rash of those elegant flowers to adopt such a challenging stand it may be their intention to take the winds of March with beauty, but there is also the risk that the winds of March and its successors may do a little taking and shaking on their own ruthless account. The violets dim are safer at ground level and crocuses also offer a less susceptible target for wind pressure. In fact there must have been quite a number of suburban gardens yesterday where lowered daffodil and tulip offered another warning that pride goes before a fall. It is very unfair to those stately creatures who should be born to sway gently and not to be knocked flat, but then the weather takes very little account of human and horticultural standards of fairness.

If man cannot be satisfied with dwarf daffodils, perhaps he should produce one which, like the modern golf club, boasts a steel shaft. Lincolnshire Die-Hards The five elderly brothers in a West Sussex village who have refused to put their clocks on this year because it interfered with nature are late indeed in making their stand compared with some of the individualists of the North. A small community in North Lincolnshire, during the era of Double Summer Time, must have been in a fair way to setting up a record for self-expression in this direction. The vicar and the local bus service were on Double Summer the more substantial farmers ran the house on Double Summer," the farmyard on Summer." The farm workers and the village generally worked to Summer," save for one ancient who had never shifted his turnip watch since inheriting it from his father and might be seen setting out for a rather desultory day's work, after a late break fast, when others were coming home to an early lunch. There was complete mutual tolerance and less confusion than might have been expected, since, in specifying ARTIFICIAL LIMBS Ministry's Work in the North-West The Minister of Pensions, Mr.

H. A. Marquand, paid a visit to Manchester yesterday to study the work of his department in the North-west region. Pointing out that the supply of artificial limbs and surgical apparatus for civilians as well as disabled ex-Servicemen was now the responsibility of his Ministry, he said that the Health Act had greatly increased the work, because many people had been unable to purchase or replace appliances they needed. There was inevitably some delay in supply, he said, for in this region, comprising parts of Cheshire and all Lancashire except the Liverpool area, 1,750 appliances a month were being authorised.

In addition, primary amputations in the area averaged 17 a week. Mr. Marquand mentioned that about 75 limbs a month were being supplied to civilians in the North-west. In a reference to war pensioners, he paid tribute to the work of the welfare officers More than 3,000 interviews had been given since June last year in the region, and nearly a hundred applications a month were still being received for war-disability pensions. About 150 cars had already been supplied to badly disabled cases over the whole country, and he was satisfied that the 1,500 to be allotted in the two years from September, 1948, would be supplied.

Mr. Marquand also mentioned the work of his children's department, which had the supervision of 5,000 war orphans. 240 of them in the North-west. It was in this work, he said, that his department found the greatest pleasure Hippodrome. The title "Soldiers in Skirts indicates the main characteristic of the Hippodrome show.

Female impersonation may be entertaining if its intent be comic witness the pantomime dame or if done as a display of individual virtuosity. Presented en masse, however, it hardly succeeds. The kind of training which the Army calls "square bashing" cannot be expected to develop feminine grace and elegance in the mere male. The company includes' a comedian of parts in Joe Stein, two acrobats, Bil and Bil, who have a remarkable knack of timing comic effects, and Boy Andro, who really made the house gasp with a hand-spring somersault achieved from the hazard of a tight wire. f.

a. making it clear whether they meant New Time" (Double Summer), "Old Time" (Summer), or "God's and ducks' and Harry Parrish's Time On the whole the poultry could have been brought to realise the blessings of daylight saving more easily than Mr. Parrish Early Morning Diplomacy Temperatures usually sink in the early hours of the morning, so perhaps it was another development of that widely advertised "cold war" which led the Russian diplomats to deliver their Atlantic Pact Notes of protest to Denmark and Norway at the unusual hour of 2 30 a.m. It cannot really be supposed that those Notes would come with any more authority, or be received with any greater attention at that time; on the face of it they might just as well have waited until daylight and ordinary working hours. On the other hand, the Russians like to do many things differently from the custom in Western countries, so it may have been decided that there is something formalistic about the diplomacy which works during the day and sleeps during the night.

The new model diplomat must be ready at all hours to deliver Notes or to receive them. It will add a new note of speculation to life at Foreign Offices and Embassies. It the door-bell goes in the wee, small hours no one will ever be quite certain (until the door is opened) whether a member of the staff has been out late and left his key at home, or whether the official representative of Muscovy's midnight diplomacy is waiting on the doorstep. Anti-Whisky Fears expressed by Scottish MP.s that owing to the heavy duty Englishmen are losing a taste for whisky, even when they can get it, might have pleased rather than alarmed that old-time Socialist stalwart H. M.

Hyndman. Though no teetotaller, Hyndman deplored the 'growth of whisky drinking during his lifetime. It is inconceivable to me," he once declared, that anybody can really like whisky. Taste, smell, effect on the health, each and all are enough to warn the judicious from having anything to do with such a direful liquor. But it has come south with a vengeance, and now all over Europe men, and even women, absorb the pestilent, liver-congesting decoction called whisky and soda." AFTER THE STRIKE Dockers Report for Work-arid Cannot Find It From our Correspondent Middlesbrough, Monday.

Three hundred and fifty Middlesbrough dockers reported for duty to-day after their six-week strike, but found there was no work for them to do. After signing on (this entitled them to "attendance they went home, with a promise from the Dock Labour Corporation that there would be plenty to do from to-morrow. Two large ships are expected to be ready for unloading and loading to-morrow morning, and several other ships which can now resume their normal calls at the port will arrive before the week-end. DOUBLY SURE Food Offices were yesterday stamping the identity cards of all applicants for new ration-books to prevent people from obtaining more than one book on each card. Previously only the ration-books have been stamped.

ACROSS 1. A woman's hair Is the acme of fame (8, 5). 9. Self far back (7). 10.

Vegetable ends a broken chain (7). 12. Like a gun (4). 13. Born a confused nobleman (5).

14. -An old weapon introduced in Parliament (4). 17. Short of many in fright (6). 18.

A cry confused me with cars (6). 20. Take little bites (6). 22. He's fit (anag.) (6).

25. "TiH I heard Chapman speak out and bold (Keats) (4). SOLUTIOH-TO CROSSWORD Ha. I HMODERATE3Q I 8 Tl IMPB R.S I OqEMKA sjElJLH 13 II 5 i 11 sulItonode SB VEST 5 DETRACT A MS SBMPIER 8UV1ULOG18I SSSHS ISljPltPtrgAgE BRO WSf 9BOPSOILED BBS BP NDERSTATE 26. A 27.

I precede metal 30. Finish (7). 31. Feeling (7) 32. Influential 2.

shapes 3. "Along willow'd (4). 4. Inset example 5. Braggart 6.

Disposed (4). 7. Grasp 8. Pigment European? 11. 8).

15. A quick 16. Satchel shares 19. Kind (8) 21. Stumble 7).

23. A runner 24. Stick stirred 28. Feature 29. Famous (4).

The Court of Criminal Appeal yesterday dismissed the appeal of Mrs. Renee Duffy (19) against her conviction at Manchester Assizes of the murder of her husband, George Duffy, aged 23, at Cheetham, Manchester. She had been sentenced to death. Mr. J.

W. Stansfield, for Mrs. Duffy, who was not present in. court, said the case was an extremely tragic one. At the time of the offence Mrs.

Duffy had been married about 18 months and evidence was given that during the whole of the married life her husband had subjected her to a systematic course of cruelty and ill-treatment. Her cviucm-e aooui mat was corroDorated by a relative and independent witnesses. The defence was that in the attack which resulted in her husband's death Mrs. Duffy lost control of her senses owing to his provocation. When Mr.

Stansfield was dealing with the question of provocation, Lord Goddard said the summing up was as impeccable as any he had ever read. Mr. Justice Devlin's definition of the law of provocation was a classic one and was worthy to remain as a classic definition. Mr. Stansfield said the judge's remarks on provocation might have led the jury to think that a long course of conduct, suffering, and anxiety could not amount to provocation no matter what the circumstances might have been, whereas there must be certain circumstances arising from that long course of conduct which could cause loss of control Mr.

Justice Oliver pointed out that in the end Mrs. Duffy's act was deliberate. Lord Goddard said this was a case where a person might have received an amount of provocation in the way of blows and then went away and armed herself with weapons before going back and having plenty of time to reflect. Then, when the man was lying in bed. he was battered until he died.

How could that amount to provocation causing a loss of control Mr. Stansfield argued that, but for the summing-up, the jury might have thought the act was committed in a passion of nnger which lasted from the moment Mrs. Duffy left the room right down to her return. THE RECOMMENDATION TO MERCY Giving the judgment of the Court dismissing the appeal. Lord Goddard said the jury accompanied the verdict with a strong recommendation to mercy.

It was a case in which one would expect a jury to make that recommendation and it was a recommendation which would doubtless receive the most careful attention from those whose duty it was to advise his Majesty on the matter. That was not the duty of OLDHAM REPERTORY Visitors in "Jealousy" The Oldham Repertory Theatre Club, whose visiting celebrities during the fairly recent past have included Frederick Valk and Robert Newton, is at present entertaining two brilliant passage migrants in Marius Goring and Lucie Mannheim. Last night they opened their two weeks' stay with Miss Mannheim's production of "Jealousy," the English version of Louis Verneuil's play "Monsieur Lamberthier," lately seen at the Arts Theatre, London. This piece is very French and very artificial artificial in the exact and literal, r.ot pejorative sense of that word. It is an exhaustive, highly contrived study of the situation arising when a man marries his mistress, she not having shaken free a previous lover.

This, spread over three acts, can wear thin all, or nearly all, depends on the two players in what is intrinsically an actor's bravura piece. The virtuosity of the present pair is never in question. Mr. Goring contributes one of his taut-strung performances as a character poised between sensibility and psychosis, suggesting with an uncomfortable degree of success- the corrosion of a personality from the inside. Miss Mannheim's work is the very peak of artifice, again in the proper and admirable sense everything calculated to the last hair and eyelash, delicate and intricate as a Swiss watch.

Nothing less would do for this stuff let the heavy-footed take warning. James Mclntyre's setting is pleasant and authentic. N. M. R.

MANCHESTER CATHEDRAL Holy Communion: Sun din it 9 ijn. and after Matins. Holy Days End Fridays tt 11 a.m. Baptisms Tuesday. Matlni at 11 a.m.

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