The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 3

THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN, THURSDAY, FEBRTJARY 17, 1944 3 PROTECTING ANCIENT MONUMENTS A BEQUEST TO THE NATIONAL TRUST MISCELLANY, -V -JErfl War Cabinet Pledge "Subject to Military Necessity" Lord SAMUEL said they were all agreed that military considerations must prevail when it was "a Question of The head of the Troutbeck Valley, Westmorland, which Is included in a bequest made to the Mrs. William Heelis. National Trust bv the late am. I wv an not oniv fullv controlled the moment but hear much about the need tor continued control when peace breaks out if it ever does. So perhaps this is a specially encouraging time in which to have it announced that cake is to be cheaper from- the middle of March and that we are to be encouraged to eat It not as a luxury in war-time but as a valuable foodstuff and "a helpful relief to the tedium of normal food." All that seems a good pronouncement to set against the famous "No bread? Then let them eat cake!" This time it is not a misguided Queen but an up-to-date Ministry ot Food which more or less reissues that celebrated advice.

So let us all eat cake (if we can get it) and be thankful for one small sphere wherein restrictions are relaxed instead of tightened. We have, in short, received a piece of cake. Circumstances Alter Cases Just twenty years ago the Prime Minister, who to-day is supporting Lord Hartington's claims to represent West Derbyshire in Parliament, was very much in the position ot the Marquis's opponent, Alderman White. Then, as now, there was a by-election, not in West Derbyshire but in the Abbey Division of Westminster. There was an official candidate and SB "Independent," Mr.

Winston Churchill, who then called himself a "Constitutionalist." There were also in' the field Labour and Liberal candidates; but the issue lay 'between Mr. Churchill nd Captain Nicholson. In the course of the contest Mr. Churchill used words that might almost be repeated by Alderman White to-day. It I thought said Mr.

Churchill that the present Conservative candidate really represented the force of character of the constituency, I should not have come -rward as a candidate. An important public principle is involved. The day of family preserves and pocket boroughs ought not to be revived. It is not right that the Westminster Abbey Division should be passed on from hand to hand as if it were a piet-e of furniture handed on from father to son or from uncle to nephew. The outcome was 1he defeat of Mr.

Churchill by the official candidate, who polled 43 more votes. Those who bet on by-election results need not accept that as a tip for to-day. Vanishing Glasses Interest may well be taken In the case of the explosive or disintegrating beer glasses' which are reported to be suddenly crumbling to pieces in certain London hostelries. If this tendency becomes at all general (suggests our tavernt will be damp and disturbed places Seated one day in the local I was weary and ill at ease, And inclined to be plaintively vocal For a pint had just flopped on my knee, The glass which I held having slithered to pieces And shed all the beer on my Sunday best creases. So I said to the landlord, said No more of these wizard-like passes I Or I go persistently dry, Avoiding your unstable glasses.

Or spare me these pots that go off with bump. And kindly connect me direct to the pump." How to Save Fuel Perhans a method of fuel practised by one of my friends might Drove helpful suggests a correspondent) in the present emergency. My friend has only purchased one bag of coal since the fuel shortage; this he keeps in the hearth, and when he feels cold he carries it around the block until thoroughly warmed up. NO SPRING SEASON FOR HALLE There will be no season of spring concerts bv the Hall Orehestr'n year. After a meeting of the Halle Concert Society yesterdav Mr.

Phil in Godlee. the chairman, told the "Man chester Guardian that efforts to secure a hall for the concerts had been "un successful. It was. he said, the first break in the series since the war started. Neither the question of B.B.r.

casts nor that of the nronosni tn- a the Mediterranean by the orchestra was raised at the meeting. On the latter uuu uv aa vet ZIO official approach had been made to the society. BOOKS RECEIVED We have received the following books, TUB T. r. Mellimltbl JW.tnh..

loin LA, nit "a From QtiilltT Prtu: eiSet A Kimi. From Temple Pint, Ltd PtASTIOa. Scientific and TtdmolMUriJ. RonUd Kk. k.

lUoitmM. 25i: ntt. Prom J. WbltAkcr and Son WHITAKER'S lol' CATHEDRAL SERVICES Zrezuonc it 3 30. Holy Communion: Soixlaj 9 m.

and wnAg." --Ms (Trireri). srf fc oi Interceulon, 1 sB to 1 50p5 a Piece uxa In the House of Lords yesterday, Lord Lang called attention to the importance of preserving objects of Special historical cultural value mwm me theatres of war. and asked ttle Government what nad taken or proposed-to take lor this MirDOSe. He honed that the words subject to overrirHntr sity would be regarded as governing lIllnK ne might say. He was speaking mainly of Italv.

i 5i aanuration out the love of all who had known her. There T.n cantry in the world that had been the object of such love for Ita- Rome did not to the world. It justified its title of the Eternal City, the object of veneration by millions in oarts of the world. Rome does not stand by itself he ftK He wondered whether in the world there was such a constellation of lovely cities, towns, and villages as in- the north, of Italy, into which, the devastatine tide of war must sooner or later flow "Must we not think, jvith dismay of the Dossibilitv of any of these wonderful creations and expressions of tne Human, spirit being damaged or destroyed by the ravages of he asicecl In this matter there were always two extremes, he- continued, and wise men would try to find the iust mean. On the one hand." he said, there are those who ask impatiently and rather contemptuously what is the worth of theje dead stones and dead pictures in comparison with the life of one single soidier.

But these' things are not dead they are always alive. Thev have the Quality of enhancing life, of giving fresh vitality to the mind and spirit of successive generations. It must not be forgotten that they are rart of the humane civilisation which it is one of our aims in this war to protect against barbarians. "On the other hand, there are those who. in their zeal for history and art, tendito lorKt the inexorable necessities of the war.

Just because the issues involved in the war ars so great, just because it is being waged ior the whole of civilisation, Just because from all the distressed countries the cry for liberation is rising, it lis impossible to sanction anything that would seriously hinder, the one essential thing that the enemy who is prepared to bring all this evil on the world should be defeated, rapidly and completely." It must neyer be allowed for one ww uuaawkrvM. UClllJ that if he chose to occupy any of centres 01 nisiory or or art ana to use them as posts- for his own operations he would be allowed to remain immune from attack. MONTE CASSINO MONASTERY is' a crucial instance at the present time before our eyes," he said, referring to the Monastery at Monte Cassino. "Orders were given to our dinners and airmen that so far as possible it should be spared, and I have nothing but admiration for the patience with which hitherto these orders have been observed. But now we learn that the Germans are in possession of it, Lhat thev are using it for their own purposes, and it is not thinkable that they should be allowed to use it as a safe sanctuary for themselves from which they can seriously hinder the advance of our armies or deal destruction upon our soldiers fighting the grim battle below." He was sure the Lord Chancellor would be able to assure the House that the Allies and their commanders would observe, with just proportion, a twofold obligation 1.

By our care for these objects of interest, value, and beauty, great as that care must be, not to play into the hands of an unscrupulous enemy; 2. To see that, subject only to quite overriding military necessities, these objects of beauty would be preserved from the ravages of war. He asked whether the Government proposed to appoint here a similar commission to that set up in the United States to co-ordinate the salvage, restoration, and restitution of objects of art which had been appropriated by the Axis Powers or by individuals. If so, he hoped that it would function during the war as a body with authority to survey what wiis happening on the various fronts and to make representations to the military authorities who alone could take executive action, and to give advice and information on particular matters. LORD LATHAM'S PROTEST Lord LATHAM said this debate would be regarded by the public and by our Allies as a continuation of the discussion they had last week.

He entered a strong protest against any policy being adopted by the Government, whether as regards the strategy of aerial bombing or military operations, in which proper military decisions and necessities were to be affected by considerations of culture or aesthetics. No more unfortunate time could have been chosen to raise this issue for comfort had already been brought to our enemies. Goebbels had not been slow to seize on some of the statements made by" the Bishop of Chichester. The speech had spread alarm and perturbation among our people and among the people of the United Nations, and it was spreading dismay among the fighting tforces of the United Nations. He was a little disturbed last week at some of the remarks of Lord Lang.

He had seen no desire on the part of the people of London to gioat or exult over the bombing of Germany. He could find no trace of a rather truculent spirit among the people. Civilisation and culture, life Itself, could not be saved from our present enemy by turning the cheek to the smiter. Civilisation could only be saved by the exercise of paramount fighting force. Anything that was likely to impede the efforts of our fighting forces or delay for one hour the achievement of victory was to be deprecated.

No one seemed concerned what happened in the East End and Coventry. These little homes were more to the people who lived in them than the glories of Northern Italy, which they had not seen and were not likely to see. I would not," he said. be willing to sacrifice my son for any building there is in the world. When I say that I believe I am expressing the views of "the wives, the sweethearts, the mothers, and fathers of all the forces of the United Nations." GERMAN PEOPLE'S RESPONSIBILITY Lord Lang last week referred to a telegram he had received from a well-known anti-Nazi Christian leader who had fled from Germany before the war.

Lord Latham said he would have attached more importance to it if it had been sent when Rotterdam and Belgrade were destroyed. He could not subscribe to the doctrine that one could separate the people of Germany from the crimes of Germany. He had tried to. but the facts were against it The by and large must be held responsible for the almost unendurable torture they had inflicted pn the world. He asked the Government therefore not to falter.

The people of this country would a repetition of what happened -at 'Monte Cassino. destroying buildings of artistic -or Historic interest. xnerelore, J-orcL Latham's speech was beside the mark. 'As soon as it was clear that the Monte Cassino monastery was being used by the Germans as an observation post and machine-gun emplacement orders were given for its destruction- General had issued an order in which he said If we had to choose between destroying a famous building and sacrificing our own men. then our Jives count infinitely more and the buildings must go." But the choice was not always so clear cut as that, said Lord Samuel.

In many cases the monuments could be spared without any detriment to operational needs. Nothing could stand, against the argument of military necessity, but the phrase "military necessity" was some times used where it would be more truthful to speak of military convenience or personal convenience. The reputation of this country for caring deeply for art and culture should not be lightly cast aside even in the exigencies ot war. NAZI RUTHLESSNESS Supposing the Germans defended Home by fighting street by street Supposing they made a fortress out of the massive ruins of the Colosseum and defied anyone to turn them out Then these ancient monuments would be made centres of armed conflict and if there was blame for their destruction in such circumstances the blame would fall upon the Germans and not upon us. Although the Germans always had thf rAniltatinr, r( Hmrr V.

cultured nation the r.urmin a h-ii kind of malignity which was terrible. nc auuuiu not De surprised it the 'later staees nf fhic mans use some of these ancient monu ments in oraer to put the blame on us. of the key-words of the Nazi is ruthlessness. No British statesman would sing the nraises of nitnlPCCnPCc Villi- this have earned the hatred as well as niic contempt i civilised mankind. No RriHch nffinai a 'Samuel, pniiln rnnfpiwaWv nn jisuch as the deliberate burning of the sieai norary 01 tne university of Naples or the putting of a delayed-action bomb in the post office of a town they were going to evacuate.

Not all British officers and men, however, realised the importance of objects of art and historical interest That was whv General 1,1 SPT! hmi'r bar? icenar) w. lire WU1CU Lord Latham would apparently regard as perfectly unnecessary. lora hoped the Government Was annointin? Qiiffirinf nntMk. uuuiuci UL officers to take the necessary -protective Lord TRENCHARD disagreed with Lord Samuel. "It- coomc i.u in.

nauu an army of man-power to walk about and defend mnn impntc Vi mj 1 0Mu, uviu Lang, he continued, had asked that new icfiuiaiiuus aim oraers snouia De issued to all our troops as if they were vandals and wanted to go about knocking down monuments which he wanted retained. Lord LANG intervened, protesting that he had not said anything about new regulations. Lord TRENCHARD reiterated that our troops were not vandals, and went on to refer to the effect of the debate not on 1 nn fTprmanv ind urn- q1tr K. i more particularly on the young men mm ac Lmitu upun ana oraerea to carry out this absolutely necessary Wfirlr Of Hpctrnvmrl all nnttm. nt 1 enemy to resist.

"I feel that Lord Lang i. auw luc X3isuup oi. can nave thought enough of what their speeches rrmnn Wn all nr-mf n.nnn. Milk iu jl caui vc historical institutions, but not at the cost oi anv lives. Tne woria progresses young.

Does the noble prelate realise what our pilots feel during their long nours oi iiying or wnac our soldiers feel Testae nJl a 4Un ajuiu iaug UlC JJlillup UL Chichester realise what it means when me men j.urrt to ior neip ana advice and counsel cast doubt upon ineir wont declaring that he had not said anything remotely resomhlinir what T.nr1 Trenchard said. Lord TRENCHARD replied that he Lang, but he thought many other people kvuuiu niLiLJict wuctL in- saia in me same way. Trenchard, who asked if Lord Lang and the Bishop of Chichester were living in ujbuiic afic. iumi udL was norriuie. "We all want to save Rome.

But at what cost Is it at the cost of prolonging the war in Europe for years and iiuiiiullS 11VCS J. 1CC1 UU debate has been given undue prominence. uvku irtuig iu witiiuiraw ins liluUUIl before the Government reply, and thus uuw a sense oi ine realities in wnicn we are living. HAMBURG AND ROTTERDAM Lord WINSTER, asserting that ttie Bishop of Chichester was not on firm ground in the case he presented to the House last week, said he had stated that to obliterate a whole town because certain portions contained military estab lishments was wrong. "If you know mat a certain town is producing a large volume of munitions how can you possibly tell which parts to bomb asked Lord Winster.

"It may be the work essential to that production is being carried on ngnt alongside a museum an gauery. is au very well to Doron-cerned over the fate of Hamburg and the 20,000 people killed there, but whv not mention the 30,000 killed in Rotterdam. a neutrai ana penectiy liraocent city The Bishop had asked them to join in regret about the 600,000 books destroyed in a German library, but if the figure he had been given was correct 600.000 books was a very small number indeed compared with the number destroyed in London. In regard to Berlin. Lord Winster challenged the Bishop to repeat his words to-day that our bombing of that city was not a justifiable act of war." If the contents of art galleries and museums had been destroyed in Berlin that was the fault of the German Government, who should have removed such treasures to a place of safety.

The main interest of the rulers of Germany in art is to steal what is of value in other countries for their personal enrichment," he said. When Lord Winster was going on to remark that the Bishop had asked these vandals who had destroyed German cities to SDare other cities in the interests of Euro Dean culture the Bishop of Chichester rose and protested against the use of the word vandals." which, he said, he never used or suggested. Lord WINSTER That is my word. I did not quote -it. But that, to my mind, was the implication in your speech.

Continuing, he said that there was a great deal of culture in Naples and the parts of Russia which had been visited by the art-loving, cultured "In my opinion." he added. "European culture is. and always has been, in far more danger from Germany than from the bombers which aim at preventing a German victory." Was it intended that we ought not to. try to take Rome but should, leave that city to the "art-loving, cultured Ger- collaboration with Mr. Heelis) as a permanent memorial to and some of the original water-colours which illustrated her books preserved and ex hibited there.

Finally, not only are all these important properties to be preserved the greatest gift the Trust has ever received in the Lake District but the will provides for a sum of 5.000 to be put in trust for improving or adding to mem. In Brief The Princess Royal yesterday visited troops in the Northern Command. Large savings for the week ended Tuesday amounted to 10.649,210. Several men were fineM at Manchester City Police Court yesterdav for failing to perform fire-watching duties. Sauckel.

the German man-power chief. 'has appealed to all Germans not already conscripted for labour to volunteer for war work, says the German News Agency. The Ministry of Labour states that young-men born between April 1, 1926, and June 30, 1926, both dates inclusive, will be required to register under the National Service Acts on March 4. George V. Rotan.

the American amateur golfer who played in the U.S.A. Walker Cup team against Britain at St. Andrews in 1923, has died at Houston, Texas, according to news received in Edinburgh. The King has approved the award of the D.F.C. in recognition of gallantry and devotion to duty to FLt.

J. V. Marshall. R.A.F.V.R.. No.

155 Sq. FLt. I. A. Sutherland, R.N.Z.A.F., No.

82 and FLt. G. W. MacDonald. R.C.A.F..

No. 82 Sq. A large increase in the number of tuberculosis cases in Glasgow last year has been reported by Sir Alexander Macgregor, medical officer of health. In the last three months ef 1943 14,308 patients attended the dispensary, compared with 10,580 for the same period in the previous year Samuel Carter (41). Newport Road, Chorlton-cum-Hardy.

who was stated to have made only twelve Home Guard attendances out of a possible 127, was fined 10 at Manchester City Police Court yesterday for being absent from duty without reasonable cause, i He said he could not settle down to it. but promised to improve. A 13-year-old boy who appeared at the Manchester City Police Court yesterday was committed to an approved school on a charge of breaking into a store and stealing 266 rounds of Sten gun ammunition, 330 rounds of rifle ammunition. 23 Mills grenades, and 24 detonators, as well as attempting to break into a shop and steal. Jack Lyall.

former Sheffield Wednesday and Scottish international goalkeeper, has died in the United States at the age of 63. He stayed eight seasons with the Sheffield club, and Manchester City was one of his other clubs. In the 1903-4 season he was chosen by England to play against Scotland, but it was then learned that he was born at Dundee of Scottish parents. The following year he played for Scotland against England. Under the will of the late Mrs.

William Heelis the National Trust will acquire the many beautiful and important properties she held- in the Lake District. Some idea of the extent of this acquisition is given by the fact that the properties actually owned by the Trust in the Lake District will be increased from about 14,500 acres to over 18,400 acres. Beatrix Potter had in her lifetime mans he continued. Is it the view that British lives would be well lost if some of the ancient monuments of Rome were nreserved I would not like to try telling that story to an industrial audience of men and women whose sons have been conscripted lor service in the armies in Italy." Turning to Lord Lang, Lord Winster asked where was the evidence for his statement regarding exultation and gloating. I think it is a slander upon the spirit of our neoDle to use such language without producing the evidence Lord GEDDES said we wanted to preserve cultural monuments if they could be preserved, but he was sure their lordships did not wish anything said which would have the slightest effect in inhibiting the action of our military commanders in taking the steps necessary to secure victory.

Lord HAREWOOD thought the debate had wandered a long way from the point, which was to draw attention to the damage frequently done by troops billeted in a newly occupied town. We hoped soon to be in occupation of Northern Italy, where the number of buildings which should if possible be preserved was greater than in any other part of Europe, and without limiting in anv way the activities of the com manders he wished to draw the Govern ment's attention to the number which could be saved without in any way endangering lives. DELAYED ACTION" SPEECHES The LORD CHANCELLOR, replying on the debate, thought it a little unfortunate that so consistent an effort had been made to treat the subject under' discussion as though it was the same subject as that raised by the Bishop of Chichester last week. Three peers who had spoken to-day provided an instance of a delayed-action bomb." They had heard a speech they resented from the Bishop of Chichester last week. They did not take part in that debate and had come, to the House a week later and, like a delayed-action bomb, bad sone oft with tremendous noise and effect.

(Laughter. Nobody in hri senses would suppose that Lord Lang was advocating that our military operations should be restricted out of respect for ancient monuments. That is unthinkable, and it is rather an insulting proposition to suggest that anyone in this country would say that British lives would be' well lost if a monument were preserved. That is really the height of misrepresentation of the universal feeling of every decent, sensible, and honourable man in this country." Lord Lang's Question was quite a different and the answer he (Lord Simon) was going to give to it was the answer of the War Cabinet it was an answer enclosed in a personal letter signed "Winston Churchill" nd was tnat, "subject to miutary ssitv every. ettort wiu be maae to avoid damage to monuments and artistic collections which are part of the heritage of Christian civilisation." The necessity for achieving victory as quickly and speedily as possible made it ridiculous to compare that need with any artistic or cultural matter With equal firmness, the Lord Chancellor asserted that was no excuse for saying it therefore did not matter if little attention was paid to the preservation of valuable works of art.

A large part of the work of preservation was done behind the lines. A building might be damaged in the course of the advance of our troops and left in such a precarious state that if it were not protected it would go to rack and ruin. Was there anybody in the House who would say, Let it go to rack and ruin who cares Yet that was the impression, not intended, but certainly created in his mind by Lord Latham's remarks. The question was granted that the achievement of quick and complete victory and the support of our fighting men was the very -first object. While this consideration stood out miles ahead of anything else, he thought every practical step should be taken, consistent with the necessities of the war to avoid and prevent needless destruction.

Lord Simon then read tho General Eisenhower which, he said iuai me saiery or a single man stood in front of any consideration of beautiful antiquities but insisted that as civilised armies, to do the best they could. Referring to the burning of the great library and Umversitv of Naples by the Germans, which he described as a most monstrous example of wicked and deliberate arson," Lord Simon said that those were the things which it was inconceivable that any 'British soldier would put his hand to. The War Cabinet entirely approved done much to conserve the beauties of the Lake District. Many friends of Peter Rabbit and his circle knew her home was at Sawrey, but few knew what she had done by generous gifts to the Trust, by herself buyingthreatened areas and by her practical example as a farmer and breeder of Herdwick sheep. She clearly saw how preservation is interlinked with effective and prosperous farming and the maintenance of hill farms and sheep stocks.

TRIBUTES TO Duchess of Kent's Visit to The Duchess of Kent visited Manchester yesterday morning to open a training school for nurses at Withing-ton Hospital and Salford in the afternoon to unveil at Salford Royal Hospital memorials to the fourteen nurses who were killed when a bomb hit their home in June, 1941. In the course of the two ceremonies she made speeches of tribute to the work of nursing and those who, moved by the "spirit of devotion, self-sacrifice, and gentleness," undertook it. Withington offered a pleasant contrast to the memory that the Duchess resurrected of ninety years ago, when Florence Nightingale, writing to a friend about conditions in one of the London hospitals, said The nurses, not the sisters, slept in wooden cages on the landing places outside the doors of the wards where it was impossible for any woman character to sleep where it was impossible for the night nurse, taking her night in the day, to sleep at all; where there was no light or air but that admitted through the glass doors and where three were together in this small space. Another feature was the excessive want of personal cleanliness of the patients. They could never wash their feet and it was with difficulty and only in great haste that they could have a drop of water just to dab their hands and faces.

It was enough, said the Duchess, to. make women shudder at the prospect of becoming a nurse That there was nothing at which the modern nurse need shudder was demonstrated in the course of -the tour that the Duchess made of the training centre, which is a self-contained unit, airy and uo to date, and which can accommodate 200 nurses. She was accompanied bv the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress of Manchester (Alderman L. B. Cox and Mrs.

M. Gibson), the matron (Miss J. Rhodes), and officials of the health department. The Duchess lunched at the Midland Hotel with Lord and Lady Derby. School was out when she drove from General Eisenhower's document, and those who were the heads of the British Army in that area were doing their best to act in the spirit of it.

The importance oi doing ail tnat was possiDie to conserve the arts and monuments of Italy was recognised by the War Office before th invasion nf Sirilv h0An THat invasion was conoitioned by the avail ability of shipping and by the priority of its use for strictly military purposes, and the inevitable result was that the service devoted to art preservation, already set up as part of the War Office scheme, suffered in the ODening stages of the campaign. In the same way the very exacting circumstances in which we advanced from El Alamein did not permit of special attention being given at first to the preservation of monuments. The Lord Chancellor then referred to the setting up by President Roosevelt of a commission whose duties were to aid in the salvage and restoration to their lawiui owners oi sucn oojecis oi an as had been aDnronriated hi the Axis Powers and by individuals acting under their authority. Lord bimon also referred to the establishment of a joint American and British organisation, on the lines of the United States Commission, whose object was to provide, so far as we could, for the protection of monuments in occupied areas and for the application to damaged monuments of such first-aid measures as might prevent further deterioration. The Secretary for War, continued Lord Simon, took a very great interest in this subject and hoped from time to time to be able to report to Parliament as io what had been discovered, what damage bad been done by the Germans, and what had been done to save the monuments from further deterioration; GERMANS DOUBLE GAME With regard to a commission to which Lord Lang bad referred, he sadd the Government hoped it might be able to make use of the commission as advisers in suitable cases.

Regarding the monastery of Monte Cassino, the buildings themselves were of small importance. Most of them dated from. the nineteenth century and The new properties include Penny Hill sheep farm, adjoining the Trust's holding in Eskdale, and farms, woods, and cottages at Coniston, Skelwith, Little Langdale, Hawkshead, and Sawrey, and also Troutbeck Park sheep farm, at the head of the Troutbeck Valley. Westmorland. The Trust hopes that at some time not yet settled Hill Top Farmhouse, where Beatrix Potter lived and wrote many of iher books, will be arranged (in THE NURSES Manchester and Salford Withington.

and children made gay and vocal groups along the pavement, The Duchess was attended by Lord and Lady Herbert. SALFORD CEREMONY The Salford ceremony offered more of a spectacle to the public, who gathered in strength round the steps of the Royal Hospital and beneath the South African War Memorial, from which the bronze warrior appropriately doffed his hat. At the unveiling in the out-patients' department of a wooden plaque to the fourteen nurses, the Duchess said that the spirit that manifested itself-in nursing in the nineteenth century, in spite of the backward conditions, was alive in the women of this country to-day, and when the war came they responded gallantly to the many calls made upon them. No one knew what might happen, but every preparation was made for the worst. It has never occurred to our people to abandon their posts, or their charges, during air raids, and the heroic staff of this hospital, like so many others, did not seek shelter." Major E.

F. Pilkington. chairman of the board, referred to the fact that three George Medals were awarded to members of the staff for bravery during the bombing incident. The Duchess, accompanied by the Mayor and Mayoress of Salford (Alderman and Mrs. L.

Webb), then went to one of the wards to unveil one of a set of fourteen tablets commemorating the nurses, which surmount fourteen beds endowed in perpetuity by the public through the Nurses' Memorial Fund. She departed from the arranged programme by talking to each of the sixteen patients in the ward, and then went on to other wards to talk, to more patients of various ages. Among the infants the Duchess lingered some time beyond schedule and on her own initiative stepped into a two-bed ward to see its young inmates. Before she left she unveiled from a dais outside the hospital a stone tablet, of which the wooden plaque is a replica, which is attached to the wall at approximately the point where the bomb struck. She was given a hearty send-off by nurses and public alike.

they were decorated with frescoes by German artists. There was a great church inside the abbey of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The most important feature was the library, containing over 10,000 volumes and thousands of manuscripts. Early in the war the Italian authorities sent to the Monte Cassino monastery for safety the finest objects from the National Museum at Naples bronze statues and busts from Herculaneum and Pompeii and other articles. They were no longer at the monastery, according to what he had read in the German newspapers.

The Germans were playing a double game, said the Lord Chancellor. They wanted to use the monastery as a fortress and if possible profit by its reputation as a storehouse of art so they invented the story that Monte Cassino was attacked nearly a month before, thus entitling them to use the place as a fortress. That was sufficient to show that we should not be too squeamish. He believed the decision to attack the monastery was made when the time came that military needs made it necessary. The monks were not there.

They had retired to Rome. When we swept through that building, where are the remains of St. Benedict, he could not think there would be anything very wrong in the commander on the spot directing that the guard should see that the tomb, should not become a plafee from which people collected trophies to send home to wives and neighbours. "Let it be understood once for all," be concluded. "that we are the last to suggest that any miutary consideration has not first place.but within the limits in which It is possible.

to protect that which is part of the inheritance of ages it is our duty to do it." SMALL INDIAN STATES The India (Attachment of States) Bill, which, it was said, was intended to place beyond all doubt the right of the Viceroy to provide for the most suitable administration of a large number of small and very small States, was read a second time. The Jewish Colonisation Association Bill was also read a second time. CROSSWORD No. 41 8 1 5 i il in mmmrmim--- a ft iiirprV: i i Bl tz JMlfiMQlLlhlUlP msm ACROSS 1. The secret of this motion is unknown (9).

Kumbered among business books (5). Small fishing-boat 5. The two directions seem plain enough Visit seen out of order Asiatic country Bird to be attached to bar (4). Considered safe if security is wanted 4-5). Written out again (9).

Come near that I may feel thee whether tbou be my son Esau or not (O.T.) (4). After drink graduate goes into dance (5). This does not mean the royal barge (9). All I put into a dance is trifling (9). Jack gets a rise on staff (5).

Song of mourning (5). Made by Mary or Sal 4). OOWM Ancient Britons (5). A famous man is ballad-singer's joy The English 15. 4).

Cite me from the back (6). Sort of affection that is 1 across (7). Anticipated (8). Drink distributed in village revels '(5), Tray would change in appearance j(9), Ixdon was strongly attached to one 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 10. 13.

15. 16. 17. 19. 20.

22. 24. 26. irace gna w. An encouragement for.

some fo things slide (3). let Re-reading new order to guard '(9). Acute perception (8). Mark may have. cash value '(5).

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