The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 6

THE MANCHESTER GTTAKDIAN, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 29, 1914 AS THE GERMANS SEE IT. BERLIN WAR NEWS. 6 CHRISTMAS AT THE FRONT. NO HOPES NOW FROM SOUTH AFRICA. A TRIBUTE TO ENGLAND'S LIBERAL POLICY.

Among the latest German papers is a cop; of the "Frankfurter Zeitnng which con tains a long and careful study of the South African situation. The writer points out that, encouraged by Botha, a new Sruth African type was evolving, and this had tended, together with one or two subordinate causes, to do away with the sharpness of the distinction between Boers and English. Whatever hopes of success a revolt might have oad centred in Hertzog and his party, but nothing was heard of Hertzog'a participation in the rising: In spite of his hatred for England he probably did not consider the time and the occa sion fitiing for carrying this hatted to its revolu tionary conclusion. But tnai means mai. in mc crrourwnlv a minority, and in all prob GERMAN CHANCELLOR'S REPLY TO FRENCH PREMIER.

The official wireless message issued from Berlin yesterday contained the following: The speech of M. Viviani in the French Chamber has been officially answered here. is pointed out that on July 31 it was impossib for Germany to avoid war by. accepting' the proposal for the cessation of her military tions and for a conference in London. The conference proposal was made by Sir Edvra: Grey on July 25, but was rejected, Russia party to the rejection.

On the same proposed that direct negotiation? should be opened between Vienna and St. Petersburg, and these negotiations would have been successful if the Entente Powers were really prepared to assist. But France wa.i distrustful, and, fearing that "the negotiations might compromise her good relations with Russia, she took no steps towards the main, tenance of peace. England formally agreed to the German proposal of July 26, but at the same time she manifested her intention to participate in a European war. The German Chancellor states that on July 24' the British Navy was already concentrated.

The conference proposal of July 31 was made after the concentration of tho British Navy, the mobilisation of the Russia-army, and the advanced stage of preparedness of the French army. Such a conference would have been held under the pressure of mobilised arms, and the Entente Powers would really he forcing Austria to do what Russia herself declined in the case of Servia. The Imperial Chancellor adds that the French proves that France at no time took the slightest step for the preservation of peace, and that Germany was accordingly obliged to mobilise on August 1. The "North German Gazette" comment? upon the French Yellow-book, and refutes the minor calumnies contained herein. The Gazette states that Germany did not declino the British proposal for a conference with the view of finding a settlement of the Russo-Austrian dispute, but submitted counter-proposals for direct negotiations between Vienna and Petrograd.

The first fall of winter snow in Tirlin occurred on the night of December 23. Considering the circumstances there was a strikingly large 'volume of Christmas trade done in the capital. ability a very small minority, held the moment for striking was come. Ag far as can De juage.i Europe, the whole rising was rot a work of nreanisRtinn. hut a sudden blazing up of sporadic and scattered centres of discontent.

The writer also points out the influence of tho half-breeds and Indians in the Union, who would be well aware of wliat a Boer would mean for them. In the time of its ereat-crisis England is Catherine the fruits of its liberal policy towards the Boers as well as towards the coloured population." South Africa, tho writer thinks, gams much more tcouoioic ad vantages as part of the Uritish Empire than it woujd do as an independent republic, and therefore he is inclined to think that there is not much chance of a secession from the mother country; but, all the same, ho cannot help asking 'what would happen it England were defeated in the war. Botha would be overruled by his people Left, the English soldier gallantly keeps uo an old custom and, right, a consignment of Princess Mary's Christmas gifts to the troops being unloaded on the Continent. Perhaps the old non-Boer families in the Cape and Natal might stir. The war has brought THE CASUALTY LISTS.

STRICKEN BELGIUM. 33 OFFICERS AND 452 MEN. ONE-THIRD OF THE PEOPLE Army commission for labour LEADER. A commission in the New Army has been offered to Mr. Aaron Walton, of New Delaval, a well-known Labour leader in Northumberland.

Mr. Walton, who is a working miner, is a member of the Northumberland Miners' Executive, president of the Newsham Co-operative Society, an ex-student of Ruskin College, of which he is also a trustee, and a founder of the Plebs League. He is a Socialist and secretary to the local branch of the Independent Labour party. Knowlson, 1,281, Pte. Manchester Regt Lagan, 1,129, Cpl.

Manchester Regt. McDowell. 2,188, Pte. Manchester Meade, 742, Pte. S.

Lanes. Regt. Nicholls, 1,440, Lee. Cpl. B.

Manchester Nicholson. 5,989, Col. Sergt. Manchester Regt Rawlinson, 1,692, Pte. S.

Lanes. Regt; Roberts, 1.190, Lee. Cpl. Manchester Regt. Rogers, 6,069, Lee.

Cpl. S. Lanes. Regt; Rose, 151, Pte. Manchester Regt.

Smith, 7,813, Cpl. Manchester Regt. Stewart, 5,818, Pte. S. Lanes.

Regt. Tyrell. 1,525, Pte. S. Lanes.

Regt. Webb, 2,001, Lee. Cpl. Manchester Wyatt, 7,707, F. S.

Lanes. Regt. WITHOUT FOOD. Whiffen, 10,059, Pte. S.

Lanes. Regt. Previously reported wounded, now reported killed Chadwick, 9,393, Lance Cpl. Cheshire Regt. Died of Wounds.

PaTkinson, 1,797, Pte. Manchester Regt. Wounded. Banks, 7,919, Pte. S.

Lanes. Regt; Birkin, 7.682. Pte. S. Lanes.

Regt. Broderick, 958, Pte Manchester Regt. Broxson, 6,901, Pte. S. Lanes.

Regt. Chanman. 919. Pte. Manchester Conway, 6,576, Pte.

S. Lanes. Regt Cox, 313, Pte. S. Lanes.

Regt. Fox. 6,436, Pte. S. Lanes.

Regt. Harland, 7,280, Col. Sergt. Manchester Regt. Hill, 1,259, Lee.

Cpl. S. Lanes. Regt. Hodgkiss.

9,923, Pte. S. Lanes. Regt. Johnson, 4,796, Col.

Sergt. Manchester Regt. Johnson, 1,155, Pte. Manchester Regt CHESHIRE RANK AND FILE AMONG THE KILLED. Last night's casualty lists contained the many surprises." And on this hopeful note tho article ends.

Tariffs After the War. In the "Berliner Tageblatt" there is an interesting article on the steps that should bo taken by Germany after the war is over. If an appreciable portion of the British Empire still remains when peace is made," the writer, one thing is certain a Pan-English Tariff Union. The Liberal party will be done with for decades, Chamberlain's idea of economic unity in the Empire will appear again, and the market of the British colonics and spheres of influence will be more inaccessible to us than before." Accordingly the writer suggests that one of the best ways ti tho securing of permanent peace will be to work along the lines of economic treaties with other countries; the same lines which, followed in internal politics, led to permanent peace within the boundaries of the German Empire itself. In tho "Berliner Tageblatt" a correspon A STAGGERING PROBLEM names cf 33 officers and 452 men under the Belgium is a prison.

Nothing can ao in According to counsel for Leo M. FtatiV. whn'oml nnimn following headings: Oil. J. ft COM CO.

10, Mosley Street, MANCHESTER. Military Tailors. British Warm Coats, Regulation Overcoats and Rainproofa ready for immediate wear. Mary Phagan in the National Pencil Factory sent ne Germans. The Belgians cannot BGeAJXd TCn go from one town to another without An intimation was received in Sunderland jesterday that Captain Hugh Taylor, Conservative candidate for the borough, had been killed in action.

He was in the Scots Guards. Men. 54 12 371 Officers, Killed 5 Died of wounds 4 Wounded 21 Wounded and missing 2 Missing 1 Supreme CouTt permission. Once these elementary 8 facts are grasped the tremendous difficulties in the way of feeding the Belgian people can Two of the officers now reported killed had be faintly realised." been previously reported missing, xive miss The foregoing is an extract from the report of Mr. Edward B.

Hobinette, a member of ing men have rejoined, three or them wounded, and two previously reported miss- dent gives an account of the present state lnsr aro now reported wounded. The lists of the Philadelphia banking firm- of George rank and file aro dated November 19 and 23 Fox and Son, who has just arrived in Lon Twentv-three men of the Cheshires, four of or anairs in Louvain. the remains of the University aro threatening to collapse; but the Cathedral, it is said, is being successfully repaired. In the streets the Civic Guard combines with the German troops to preserve don after spending eight days motoring through Belgium. Mr.

Robinette was asked by the Commission for Relief in Belgium to order. At the same time, the writer somewhat naively remarks: make an independent report upon conditions as he found them. One cannot get rid of the impression that blood has flown here. If one speaks with tho people about past events, thev will still insist People are "dying in Belgium," Mr. that it was all a misunderstanding, that Germans Robinette writes, for want of proper food tnot on uermans, and that no citizen of Lou Old men and women and young children are vain raised his hand against us.

going to their graves merely because the right Kind of nourishment cannot be ob Very interesting is the surprise with which the writer notes that although the English left Antwerp in the lurch so shamefully, the tained for those suffering from dysentery and Belgians still preserve unbounded respect for otner aiseases. And before long, unless supplies of relief food keep pouring into the country, healthy Belgian men and women' will tlio protectors ot their neutrality. Attention is being called in several of the uermon papers to the action of Herr Weiil. Socialist Deputy for Alsace-Lorraine, who, it die from: actual starvation. Before that happens the pangs of hanger will probably drive them to measures futile but desperate which will bring upon them the terrible retribution of an army of occupation.

The srreat 0 STATUTE MILJtS 5 555 fc, JV N. NAVAL AIRSHIP STATOMS. OB FORTRCSSCS (NORWAY m0menc 1 GtVk HEUC01AND 'HARWICH sh Channel K'BEL6IUM aa.ocNe.V CHERBOURG A AHlACHWBUflflJ v. the Soutli Lancashires, and four of the Manchester Regiment are reported killed in a list dated November 23. There are in the list of wounded 45 Wiltshires, 37 BerSshires, 37 Gloucesters, 19 Yorkshires, 17 Warwicks, and 10 nu of the Durham Light Infantry.

In the list of November 19 the killed include 10 of the Rifle Brigade, and the wounded 38 Royal Fusiliers, 27 Royal Irish Rifles, 17 Royal Irish Fusiliers, and 17 of the Middlesex Regiment. Three officers of the Manchester Regiment and one of the King's Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment) are reported wounded, and one officer of the latter regiment is reported missing. Reported from General Headquarters under date December 25 Killed. Farrar, Sec. Lieut.

H. Leicester Regt. McAndrew, Sec. Lieut. Black Watch.

Macandrew, Lieut. I. M. Seaforth H'drs. Wounded.

Cartwripht, Capt. H. 14th Batt. London Regt. (London Scottish).

Dunsterville, Sec. Lieut. A. Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. Greenwood, Sec.

Lieut. E. H. De Royal Engs. HaTdy, Sec.

Lieut W. H. R. Sussex Regt? Herbert, Lieut. M.

C. Gloucester Regt. Hitchms, Major ri. W. Manchester Regt.

Le Gallais, Sec. Lieut. P. E. R.

Sussex Regt. Lynch, Lieut. R. Manchester Regt. Mackenzie, Lieut.

D. Seaforth Highlanders. Rose, Capt. A. Manchester Regt.

SomervUle, Sec. Lieut. A. Seaforth Highldrs Teece, Lieut, and Qtr. Master Grenadier Gds.

Thomson, Capt. Argyll and Sutherland Hdrs. seems, has loincd tno rrench army as a volun teer. Vorwarts" points out that confirmation of tho report is not yet to hand, but Hastens to add that naturally, "if it is true need is for bread and salt. At the present time there is no wheat, flour, or salt in Belgium except that which is shipped Hon- Weill is severely to be condemned.

The in Dy the Jommission tor Kelief. The per tvoinische Aeitung," on the other hand, publishes an article in which it elaborately centage of the population now absolutely destitute is over 30 per cent. Everywhere Officer's Service Uniform la 36 hours. Field Scrvloa Whipcord Jacket 788 Bedford Cord Br Mafias Ovarcoat 738 Rainooat a Nm extra ebmrge tor BadgtB, ate. Every Article on Official Lint tappUtd.

explains thnt the motive for Herr Weill's treason is ambition; lie wished to become 1 went 1 was told that by the end of January leader ot a great party, and as he did not it would be oil per cent. This information 1 with the German Social Democrats got from reliable business men and bankers. no thougnt he would take up the post left 4. 1 1 it In Liege I stayed overnight with the Van wviiiiu u- jauiess aeatii. H.

J. I COLL CO. LTD. 4 The Deadlock in Flanders. In commenting on the situation in west, the Frankfurter Zeitung" the "ft Jaoegaerdens, who employ over men in their steel works, and who also own extensive coalfields.

Mr. Van Hoegaerden told me that Liege had been without bread a couple of days the week before. The Commission are now getting wheat and flour through, and whilst I was in Liege four boatloads were received from Rotterdam. A Starving People. "As I watched the poor being fed in Brussels, and as I saw them standing in groups in the thickly populated cities of Namnr, Charleroi, and Mons, with hunger and despair haunting them, I pictured to my NO MORE (ERMAN Without fighting an important battle, we have wrested from our enemies a confession of defeat.

During the last few weeks the Allies have had to let slip unused an opportunity for attack more favourable than it had ever been before. The wonderful line of defences stretching from the Vosges to the North Sea has proved its value The enemy did not venture to make a serious attempt to break throuKh our lines. waucnope, major a. n.s.u., Black Watch. Wounded and Missing.

Mann, Lieut. R. 7th Dragoon Guards. Mansel, Capt. J.

7th Dragoon Guards. SECOND LIST. The following casualties in the Expeditionary Force are officially reported (undated): Killed. this success to the solidity and cohesion of our ixssiuon in tne west, wnicn snows no gaps even on the flank, towards the North Sea and along the coast. It was this success which made rmr treviousiy Teporiea missing, now reported entirely superseded bjj victory in the east possible.

Ever since takine MAP DEFABTMEKT: COPYBIOHT. MANCHESTER GUARDIAN 1 COASTS. THE GERMAN up pviv.uA vt xi, has ueen tne object of our strategy to wage the war in such a way that in spit of the fluctuating fortunes of a campaign against two fronts our rxwitmn self what might happen the flour and wheat and salt the people of my own and other countries are supplying should give out. The appreciation of the Belgian people for what is being dome, for them is evident everywhere. But the problem confronting the BY A STUDENT OF WAR.

in the west should be impregnable, and any less oi me r.a vantages gaiuea impossiDie. The article goes on to point out that though the Allies were not entirely inactive vuumission is scaggermg. xt must be remembered that it is not only the poor and BRIXISM passages commanded by fortifications. The approaches to Bremen are still more difficult. No large ships can go up the river to Bremen, and the shipping of the port is carried on tney nowner gained a palpable success, but deftae.

toe E3t tute who -must be provided forit is all attack fmm riZ ZI? oy protecting it against Belmnm. Kao tji; on tho other hand, suffered considerable Germany is more easily blockaded from the sea than any other great country in the world. On the North Sea her coast line is not more than 100 miles in length, and all exits from it to the outside world are commanded by the coast of the Allies. An Gibson, Capt. A.

S. Lancashire Regt. Died of Wounds. Pritchett, Capt. W.

Gloucester Regt. Sparrow, Lieut. G. S. Wales Borderers.

ainwright, Sec. Lieut. G. Northants Regt. Wounded.

Adams, Lieut H. F. R.A.M.C. Broad, Sec. Lieut.

F. R.F.A. Calderon. Sec. Lieut.

interpreter. Maltbv, Lieut O. Royal Scots. Squire's, Capt. E.

Royal Engineers. Taylor. Sec. Lieut. K.O.

(R. Lancaster Ret Weeding, Sec. Lieut J. R. Welsh Regt.

Missing-. De Carteret, Capt. H. J. K.O.

(R. Lane. Unofficial Reports. Previously officially reported missing, now unofficially reported killed: Birch, Lieut G. Welsh Regt.

the hmteriSid: oa.y.--- JUer wheels of industry are stopped. rrom Bremerhaven. On an inlet of the inlet ot the success of tho v.r,u. "Xmua. xne Th losses.

-Uany thousands were sacrificed to provide some fighting during the lull in the operations, which seemed intolerable, because event in Russia appeared so momentous to wru nas cueappearcUy Her credit is Weser estuary stands the great German base strength and armament tte Tat smashed. Her Government has been broken i.v a. war will clearly how their value both. iu nn now attempt to elude the blockade to the north up, ner ports are closed, and there ere no the Ajnes, something anecting them directly 1 1 1 It MTIl offenaivfl nrk. iva ana as rks.

Onr "Da FAU pE COLOGNE. BOOTS Chemists bsve en ale at all their brancfae the Cm WkMag brabdeof Britash Eaa-de-CoIogaet BOOTS JERSEY CASTLE exports has to run parallel with hundreds of miles and no imports except such food-l the Commission, e-at in ana graveiy. ann lurxner: liie opening of Wilhelmshaven, heavily fortified. Hamburg is equally inaccessible. Cuxhaven, at the entrance of the river, is strongly fortified.

Out at sea is Heligoland, and up the river stuffs turn upon the impregnabilitf Sifi7 tions which, in cobluition itl the fleet intended to guard our coasts and na vS and should inflict seh i "fy4 08C8 of British coast and to double our posts of observation in the Orkneys before it can Rotterdam. Supposing we allow 2Jd. a day for each Belgian for food, it will be readily or tne rrencu ariuuneiib is imminent, mere the representatives of tho people are to approve of the army's exploits and grant millions towards this insatiable war. That is the Kiel Canal, giving the German fleet, me uwamu uwi, I gain the open seas. On the south the blockade gam tne open seas, untnesoutn tne Diocsaae rnUr tor pMar ymn.

Pommm lemuUbte seen that with 7,000,000 people still in the enemy that the difference fstr fk is still more difiicult to evade, for even if the i i confronted. by superior force, a' convenient the two fleets would be gradua'ecmaUiedf11 Onr ahi. it euqausea. explains these lutue attacks." Mom. rafradiiac mi fraonatl llIo uaTPaM Fra.

84L Ud for lick roan aad a 110. Beolw nU. back door into the Baltic. Much the best and UnofficiiaUy reported have died of narrow of the Straits can be passed WHITE HEATHER liveliest description of the difficulties of navi wounas fKr. Pell, Lieut.

Col. B. Surrey Regt gation in these estuaries is that given by Mr. A RUSH OF RECRUITS AT BIRMINGHAM. The passage shows not only how much Erskine Childers in his entertaininz novel h.v tn Mi ml i -ti i ie Sand," "fT "i fin it bands." -r- there is the gauntlet to be run for hundreds of miles of the British and French coasts.

This natural difficulty has been increased by artificial obstacles. At the south end of the North Sea there are the British mine-fields still further narrowing the Straits of Dover the north end is wider, but here, too, there wintry xne cose in supplying food will come dose to 2,000,000 1 per ion. The Belgians aro a proud people, and are paying at the present time for some of their food. They would like to pay for rt-att, hut this is impossible. They are paying 40,000,000 francs war indemnity per month, and the remnant of the people's savings is rapidly dwindling.

Even when the foodstuffs are provided, the Commission are with transportation and distribution problems which in themselves present almost insurmountable difficulties. a'-il. r. N.C.O.'S AND MEN. The list of casualties amon non-commissioned officers and men dated November 23 in Lam Bom of mm fcWlrfpoitfll ae ttiooie or tne much we It is obvious to anyone who looks at the since the bombardment "of Alexana' itas map that the seizure of these estuaries or been one of the axioms of naval tactics that one of them would turn the German defences are, not in an attack on EFFECT OF THE EAST COAST RAID.

There was a considerable improvement in re duces the following names from Lancashire and Cheshire regiments cruiting at Birmingham yesterday. Soon after the principal recruiting station was opened are extensive mine-fields and a powerful ia Belgium. For example, a large army, mooern snore tortificatipM, and the German have spared no ingenuity or cost in maW the defences of their. Killed. Austin.

1.398. Pte. S. Lanes. Rett.

there was a rush, and in a very short time 100 watfhinff fleet. In spite of the fact that the tf ifc ttldlie landed at Emdeh, couH march BOOTS Cbamata i 3 Abb's men had been passed for medical examination. mado a hlwkaHA the the Ems and could hardly fail to- draw kUl coast- twu wnum attitude, une on the ftorth Sea lmpmrnahU: TW want to say. that I found on mr'viif tJ.v j.jicie mas fcicfti wiiuuwiiai, we men count ta our enemy's harbours impossible, there never rfen tWere nuiiwntiiur Man tsr xM xrw. wreauue negh: DUKerworth 955, Pte.

Manchester Rest. vmjav KIM anmaroai the mo mtxJuad listing that they were ready to assist in avenging the east coast raid. The men am frfnSLJ-i1- in the Pr11 uie laausiriai Qisixicte or westpnaua. ounuar was a war rwhich the blockade of the effects would follow a landine 'near Cnxhawn Cartledge. 8,406, Pte.

Cheshire Collinjfs, 1,627, Pte. Lane. Rpt 8 promised that they will be atni away without enemy's shipping, though carried out at some and the. seizure of the Kiel Canal (if thai 3n Sw-Fw enoogh damaee T8 iarfeaseould eaahte7he German fleet to ene iTwith npj.to -iheir; agreement the best mmmm'ta by Jhe aeiay. Jttukd by Eoott Part-Drug Co.6 distance from his porta, has been so com-.

"ere possioie; would nave an even-" more Dunning, 8,534, Pte. Cheshire Regt. Evans, 8,172, Acting. Segt. Cheshire Rejrt.

Farrant, 7,052, Pte. Cheshire Regt. Goodwin, 9,690, Acting Sergt. Cheshire ReirL -Green, 6.288, Pte. Cheshire serious effect, for by closing the back door Harrison, 6,690, Pte.

Cheshire Regt. Hewitt rie. vireaujie ngi. uili, 8,749. Pte Cheshire Regt Holden, 7 Acting Lance Cpl.

Cheshire Regt. Holmes. 9 054 Pte. Cheshire Rest. plete.

But nature, which, has made the blockade of German ports so easy, has also made them extremely difiicult of approach by a -hostile navy. The German coastline oh the North Sea consists of the estuaries of three nvenH the Ems, the Weser, and the Ems stands Emden, on the TTeser -Bremen, and on the Elbe Hamburg. None of these cities lies open to the sea. Emdeh is pro-. of Sebastol.in: theNBSwSiSt ZSSSStSSJ'ii i in him UJVD.U1EII 'net i4JARKfaa.r3: unv urn Miivinoi ta Jowitt, Jackson, 10,541.

Pte. Cheshire Regt. 10,000, Pte. Cheshire Regt. 8 Lawler, 2,399, Pte.

Manchester Xaosard. 7,344. Pte. Cheahi Ttt siege couli a bera we. elMmUifaimrt into tne jmhic it woulct; (force- the German fleet to take refuge in Wilhelmshaven, and would enable; us to.

enter the Baltic and assist the Russians to land troops in the rear of the Germans. The Germans irith difficulty sustain' a war on two fronts. But a war on three fronts could only end rin one way. 'All these things are the commonplaces of German' military and naval strategy. Bern-hardi assumes that the British mold not be content wish a mere hut would attempt to-capture 'the, German naval bases, gnhdmshaven, Peligolaod, the mouth of 'ubA PROMOTIONS FOR DISTINGUISHED SERVICE.

The "London Gazette" announces that the King has been pleased to approve of- the -undermentioned colonels (temporary brigadier generals) being promoted to tho rank of major general for distinguished conduct in the field; Richard C. B. Haking, O.B., and Frederick C. Ehaw, C.B. The Gazette also contained the names of one warrant officer and 15 non-commissioned efflcers who have been promoted to be second Iwnteoaula fox service fa tb Held.

end of the' war aa ati in Isi Marrow, 8,264, Pte. Cheshire Beet: Mott would mean man' fleet 55' OfrTHFtSilLSf iiid aod, aeamd TH- Cheshire Pcetie- msfSlHMaf tiFRii rrv A i. that tte defehcesof A BelainnKJtad been A fr meeting: of Jpdon jSrMiUers' tected by Borkum, one. of the East Frisian Islands. The navigation is diflkolt, beset by turned and that Gerin )Cbs, Pte.

J. Cheshire Regt. Shur. 7.729. Sent.

aneiMwu. iuS uv. Willi PnHWJfM Mar WWV J. LattcsfBet. and banks, and 3WKmyefrdaj 'anernoon toe priced of xujuung tnrougn JU 4a jQt our land, force.

already danger- "-TP!.