The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 5

3 THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN, MONDAY. SEPTEMBER 18, 1922. NEW BOOKS. MISCELLANY. UNDERWEAR THE RETURN OF THE QUEST- TWAK IN THE ARCTIC CIRCLE.

thb Black Ensiqx. By Captain R. Gwatkin-Wilhains, B.N:, C.M.G, -Xon-oon: Hutcbihson and Co. Pp. 238.

16s. net. Captain Gwatkin-Williams feels constrained to. write a preface to explain his title. The explanation is, certainly, necessary and the necessity deplorable.

Let us clear the matter up' by saying that the Black Ensign ia not the Jolly Roger which the U-boats should have worn and didn't, but only our own White Ensign flown in the small craft of the patrols and begrimed by the smoke of constant service. That being-clear, one may proceed- to say that Captain Gwatkin-Williama has something to write about, and that he writes it with. "go" and humour. Life 'n the Arctic on active service waa certainly the kind of existence in which you had to laugh if you were not to cry, and the gallant captain of the Intrepid, sometime S.N.O.Y. (tLa reader must turn to the book for the explanation of the cryptic initials), has chosen the better part.

Captain Gwatkin-Williams's share in the war was certainly extensive and peculiar, even for a dug-out, to whose share "any-tbink 'ot and un'olesome generally fell. To" be captured by Senussi and then to spend three winters in the ice and darkness of the Arctic is an eloquent compendium of Britain's "far-flung battle-line." The author's experiences with the Senussi were told. in a previous book. The present volume ia concerned chieiiy with Murmansk, and Yakutskie, especially the latter. As to the purpose of fearful and wonderful adventure to which the ullage of the pre-war navy was dedicated (one speaks ships only) the writer is eloquent end convincing: It was this little, -weak offshoot of the British Navy (he says) that, by its persistence and its ability to keep on keeping on," gave to the Russian bear the freedom ol the seas, and kept open his northern ports to the whole world when every land frontier was barred.

It was the British Arctic Squadron which kept Russia in the war for at least twelve months longer than she could possibly otherwise have done and thus had a very ital pffcrt on the whole world's history. Yet in England has eve- heard of the late Arctic Squadron? Not one man in a thousand, I riiagine aad now it is at the bottom of the sea- The last sentence is explained bv the fact that three of its units were the Vindictive, Intrepid, and Iphigenia, of fame, and that almost all its armed trading-ships were sunk by U-boats on their return voyage. The perseverance of the Hun in iniquity is well shown by the extension of the TT-boat campaign to the frozen North. What the crews must have endured passes imagination. The enemy system of espionage was no loss conspicuous and effective in those rrnioto latitudos.

Often and often information which tho British had tried in vain to get through to London was' published in tho German papers. As a contrast, Captain Gtviitkin-Williiiiiii records that he received official communications addressed Yakarskie, Japan," and asserts that "it was not unknown for reliefs for tho North American stution -to bo sent to us by mistake." However," he reflects triumphantly, wp always kept our tails up, and Russia's, in the war." Captain Gnatkin-Williams must have written this book bubbling over with chuckles at his memories. This may be deduced partly from his Silas Weggish habit of "diopning into poetry in his chapter-headings. They add quaint touch to the book, which, on far broader grounds, ono can recommend to all who are interested in the human side of the war and ho take pride in the-capacity of the Breed to go anywhere and do anything. G.

1 I I Lon- Pp I PENAL DISCIPLINE. Pi.nai. Discipline. By Mary Gordon, don George Routledge and Sons, xiii. 238.

7s. 6d. net. In 1912 we had an almost unqualified condemnation of the British prison system bv D'. Devon, who had spent years as medical officer of a Glasgow prison.

This year we have the two monumental volumes edited by Messrs. Hobhouse and Brockway, both ex-pruoners, followed by this considered opinion of a medical woman who has spent thirteen years in tho inspection of prisons. She condemns our penal system unreservedly and fundamentally, just because it is penal. She believes vou cannot at once punish and reform. My main argument here," she writes, is that we not only do not deter, that we do actually make over our criminal to crime.

We merely ill-treat a man or woman, who still ignores and escapes us." Doctors are becoming psychologists and we must listen to them. Dr. Gordon's plea is all the stroneer be cause she repeatedly testifies to the good -ill I I aUU oi prison The QuestiarrviniratTiiibimouin. officials. But she thinks they cannot do more in the matter than just printing and right within the system which they have to bookbinding.

There are many very scholarly administer. It will-shock many people that notes and an introduction, both by Professor the hardest things Dr. Gordon has to" say are W. H. Williams, of the niversity of Tas-of the Borstal system aj applied to girls, mania.

There are a score or so of Teproduc-SIib obiects to -the exceedinglv severe tions. from suitably selected old prints. And CENSOESHIP OF FILMS AND BOOKS. AX AMERICAN- CONTROVERSY. (From our New York Correspondent.) To censor or not to censor that is tho question that is harrying the minds of a number of persons on this side of tho Atlantic.

There never has been, and is not now, any censorship of bo-ks or the stage in America. This does not mean that there is no power that can be directed against he production of the obscene and indecent. police authority and the criminal law of our States WEEK During this period Kendal will have-interest ing information to- give, valuable eervioe to randsr, and 'sound, high-quality undanwear of every olast to offer. The 'guarantee of- highasl quality whioh fa behind all our sooda will safa. guard your intarasts whan you ara buying undarwaar for Autumn and.

Winter use. Visit the Saoond Floor Departments this weak- foi spaoial values. Daintv CAM I COMBIN A. TIONS in a Rood-quality Crpe Chine. and preltily trimmed uh Uce.

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and Lemon. PRICE Special Value In Wool Ripple Cloth DRESS-INQ GOWNS in tho Magyar rbape. Zn Saxe, Boie. Grey, Purple, una enmsou. Special Value in VI-yell with Magyar aleeref, neck, and "finished with hemstitching and hand embroidered poi.

Crtpe de China CHCMISB and KNICKERS to match ths ti i btgown below, with ribbon boulder traps trimmed W1(fa tuck and Frenrh knott In Piok. filqc, -and Ivory. PRICE 1911 each. Kleh eoalitr Crtoa da Clilae- NIGHT-OaWH'in tb Em-sir ahapa. The malat la threaded wltfc libbon, and tho MCX ana aieerea us daintily trimmed wltn laea ana Waaek allots and ribboa bo.

In rax. nadntv Craca da. OtlM. HPuaiR iinliiei anii- Hi 339 jr 18 "Sam vw; A rill I -ii .1 nriM a- discipline, to the numbers of 'grades through which a girl has to pass and from which she so easily lapses, losing hope; to the insistence on "obedience," to the low level of teaching. She compares the improvement in girls who go to a voluntary home of the right sort with tho recidivism and hysterical violence of Borstal girls.

Some nf hr fitnires anrjal. For instance, in 1921 local prisons punisnmenwi wu women prisoners are 1 in 66; in convict I prisons 1 in 26; in Borstal 1 in 2. Sho describes caustically how we manufacture "common prostitutes," and in a most interesting series of chapters on the psycho-! logV of criminals she develops her theme thnt mir oenal system exaggerates and fixes rj I all the unsocial impulses uuu iuhuiui lhul- plexes which have brought the prisoner to crime. It is a ver humanly nnd brightly written book, and one can only wish that Dr. Gordon had regretted one foolish and false renv.irk about Germans (p.

91) suffi-; ciently to delete it. H. M. S. make possible the prosecution of the Some day a political Autolycus will amuse himself by drawing up a chart (amply annotated) of the progress and evolution of general election rumours, such as are being spread abroad just now in connection with the supposed possibility of an autumn dissolution.

Rumours originate -in various ways. Sometimes they are started by people in touch, with Downing Street. Taper and Tadpole are in structed to ascertain what is the feeling of the country on the subject, and Taper and Tadpole do not mind being-thrown over if necessary. Sometimes the rumours originate more or less accidentally from an innocent remark by a political leader. Mr.

Asquith's occasional be trayals of weariness--during his" long -Premier ship were always seized upon as hints that a general election nught be in view. The periodical desire of party niaaaeers. to overhaul uiQMiioauuu is always proline oi rumours, and it may not be, malicious to hint that there are occasions when, in general desdness of political gossip, a political writer may think tl a little healthy excitement may be engender, ed by a carefully veiled reference to possibilities. But all these explanations leave something not accounted for-r-somethuig akin to. spon taneous generation.

When an army is waiting attack there are false alarms, the result of strained nerves; and it is so also with political forces. Wien a Parliament has nearly run its course, the fear that an election may come unexpectedly, and that the Oppoai tion forces may be taken at disadvantage, produces "many rumours. -No one can trace the exact starting-point of a panic in a military torce; no one can trace, in such cases, the origin of election rumours in the last year of a Parliament's life. They are in the air which tne nervous politician breathes at his Contin ental spa or his Scottish moor. He dreams general elections, and the dream follows him when he wakes.

It is only lately that the American railway expresses have adopted to any extent the Eng- nsn practice of taking up water while on the run from troughs between the tracks. Tne chief objectors to the innovation are the hoboes who are accustomed to steal rides on the trains. The water pouring over the top of the tender will soak the stowaway from head to foot, and sometimes even sweep him off. One such wayfarer, who had ien knocked unconscious by his sudden removal, imagined, on regaining consciousness, that the train had run into a river. On extremely cold nights, too, the victim of an immersion of this kind runs the risk of being frozen.

The regulars in the hobo world, are learning wheie the track troughs are situated, and take ti precaution of crawling- up on the coal pile to avoid being soaked. The problem raised in Friday's "Miscellany of the precise degree of scientific knowledge that has been or should be attained by Ministers of Stato reminds one (writes E. C. of the 6tory of Mr. Gladstone and Sir John Pope-Hennessy.

I give it as told by Canon MacColl jn the Fortnightly Keview for June, 1808 Sir John prided himself on his knowledge of chemistry, and in one of the debates on the commercial treaty with France he made a speech exposing, as he believed, a serious chemical blunder in the treaty. Mr. Gladstone followed, and soon turned me inside out in the most amusing said Hennessy in relating the story, proving, as if he had been a chemist by profession, that it was I who had blundered Having thus disposed of his critic, Mr. Gladstone went and sat by him for a moment. I hope you don't feel hurt, Mr.

Hennessy, he said. Your speech was ingenious, and it may console you to know that the Emperor of tke French made precisely the same objection that you have made. The fwet is both you and he know a good deal a bo at chemistry but not enough to keep you from going It would not bo a bad thing if some of our present Ministers copied Mr. Gladstone and devoted to the acquisition of natural knowledge the time that they now spend in writing for the Sunday papers. From the scientist-Minister it is only a step to the philosopher-king; and, hackneyed though it may be, one cannot help quoting Plato's theory that until philosophers become kings, or kings become philosophers, there will he no respite from evil for cities nor for humanity." Of course that is all exploded nowadays; Plato's theory, it is said, has been tried and has failed miserably.

But has it? It may have failed in the'ancient world, but what about the modern? In the present century only two English Ministers of State have been distinguished as philosophers, Lord Balfour and Lord Haldane. When one considers the political work of these two men and contrasts it with the work of some of their non-philosophical colleagues one is forced to conclude that philosopher-kings might not be so very incompetent after all! Perhaps the burden of proof lies with Mr.Bertrand Russell, if and when he enters the House of Lords. The offer which has just been made to the Manchester Corporation of 'a portrait believed tc be that of John Dalton, and the reference in the Manchester Guardian to the city's few memorials of its venerated philosopher (writes a correspondent), suggests the inquiry why Manchester has so greatly neglected the method adopted in London and other large centres of placing a commemorative' tablet on houses formerly "occupied by distinguished citizens. Why should not a medallion be affixed- (by permission) to the outside of the building; now standing on the site of the house Faulkner Street (No. 27) in which Dalton spent the later years of his life, and in which he died on July 25, 1844 1 By the way (adds our correspondent) it might he of assistance in establishing the authenticity of the portrait in question if it could be compared with that taken, and published in "The Handbook of Manchester," two years before Dal ton's "death.

Public librarians, whose anrnal conference opens to-day at Cardiff, found aniaU-Kheourage-ment from Herbert I disapprove of free libraries altogether, the British Museum included," he wrote to Professor Hewina is 1697, believing that in long they lire mischievous rather beneficial, as we aee clearly' in the ease -of municipal and local free libraries, which, instead? of bernf places of study, become -places' for reading trappy' wortoress papers, and. Wrnirur-the. odday- I no more approve of libraries than approve of free" bakeries.1' Food for the' mind should more be given gratis than food for, the bodyl philosopljreedto-day. through despisedfreeUibrarie. Some favourites of Victorian novel-raider ara being reissued a with modernised versions of the characters shown the dust covers.

Thus Jfra. Halliburton nveeta her trouble In a eaerry-colotuad jtsnper. i.ucy Tempest' appears in a'frbek whoa trhozt-ness would certainly have Vernex'a while the gown in whJch-Sletulfont-gomery face The Wide, Wide WorMthough of sober hoe U' far too modern in eat to have met with anything but disapproval from tfiai terrfoW criQc 'Aorit Fortune. rlWPottagtieae President arrived ml Mio de ana was gnteted ty large lishers of pornographic books or pictures, or the producers of plays with scenes or conversations offensive to the accepted proprieties. But there is no censorship as such no passing judgment In advance on literary or stage productions.

This in a way is odd, for there are two currents in America moving strongly toward censorship. One is the survival of a strong Puritan influence some call It pruderv, while the other is a belief In th nossibilit r.f lastly, of course, there is Gav's "Trivia, that delightful collection of "safety first maxims for eighteenth-century London, which, odd as it may sound, is and always' was worth reading in any edition at aTl. Ill his British Academy paper on the Study np Eari.t Mttvtittpat. TTirtory iv (H. Miiford pp 17j ls.

6d, net) Professor James Tait shows that the slacken- ing of the Investigation of mediaeval town history is no aftermath of the Great War but due to the fatality which robbed scholarship prematurely of all the great names identified with this subject, such ns Gross, Bateson, and i ti .1,1 au uuiiumi vu uu what is to be accepted and what is to be renounced in the rather controversial fields traversed by these masters will find lucid and judicious guidance In this brief but masterly survey. On the lines -esucgested by Gross's disciple Dr. Hemmeon, Dr, Talt defines a J. gave a charter but wnicn never oecame a real borough lias hitherto only been known to. nave oeen somewjiere 111 yuiairwuijo, xji.

hs7 located in tho bnowa wittii it uu.ii uc lowviou uiivj ia t. nnp vs. 0f a borough in which the mayor 1 i I 1 POTATOES WEIGHING TWO POUNDS EACH. Six potatoes at the Whitwick (Leicestershire) vegetable and fruit show held on Saturday t.Vio flirtk nriie. Several notatnes in th wv nriui (rt.T,i nnna, ryii snow eacn turned tne scale at over ijiD.

mecluevnl oorougn as a place wnere mere were burgage tenures that is, tenements held by Trivia, or tb Art of Walking the Striets low quit rents and freely, transferable. Even or London. By Mr. John Gay, London in a short paper Dr, Talt must give us some-Darnel O'Connor. Pp.

xxiv. 91. 2. 2s. thing fresh.

The Newtown to whioh Edward A resident in the town who foraeriTh ajffir icsmencs win 12,000 between viuuLa 111 I I rvti actea as raciicaur u.vi. mo nov, ana are second prize of about pw VvS? or ine him. It is that of Newcastle-on-Tyne, not intended to be, enforced it leads some the winning ticket wai not iivi' number of goml deal ot hypocrisy. It sometimes seems ji i douuu tn be nnln i i 1 It often results In the passage of laws for unnosrgn', l.J,.l. i apply to their own.

Thus it is passing strange that America has been so long without literary or stage censorship. The stepping-stone for sucn an arrangement was laid a year or so ago, however, by the establishment in several States of an official 'censorship of films for the kinema what is called here tho motion pic tures or, more briefly, the movies. A number of the States including such large and heterogeneous populations as Xew York and Pennsylvania now have official censorship boards which must approve all films in advance of their showing. Motion-picture censorship has met with considerable opposition, but it has gained ground largely because of the argument that tlie patrons of the movies include a great number of children, whose mental and moral diet it is permissible to regulate. Naturally, motion-picture censorship has stimulated a demand for similar treatment of stage productions and books.

In order to ward off a possible official censorship the theatres of New York are attempting to work out a voluntary one. The ides is to select a civilian group to which shall be re ferred complaints, if any, against a given play, the producer to accept the ruling of inculcating morals through the passage laws The latter tendency Is mixed with our war propaganda bureau, is the chairman, -vir. tvreel says of censorship It substitutes the prejudices or opinions of a person or persons for the law of the land. The law. we contend, is ample for the protection of th- public against the indecent and the obscene.

When it comes to the thing caned morals, for instance, there are no fixed standards and exact definitions, for the chanee 1 ucnuiuuiis us its meviL- auiK as continuous. Ant. nn Hm. have its own interpretations of vice and virtue uu. every race, every creed, and, it might almost be said, every community.

Censors only "Ubiish fixed standards ana definition, hut sln nrnj ji rr I ivi ucwi 111.1.43 effects. Working with cocksure certitude, they assume knowledge of the mental and emotional states of a whole people and make hair-trigger decisions as to what will excite to lust, or lfw- -1CSe Iivinjr- Inence is relt entirely on ignorance. The evils of life mu be ignored also the fundamental fLtl makS itU a PPOtfive mother rnaKing baby-clothes. Even the stork is taboo 1 ST. IEGER LUCK.

NINE ILKLEY PEOPLE TO SHARE 12,000. -eck (say. the Tortahte iCZ i number nf Tit envag News ---wwy kept four. 77. He iff iur, sola tnrce to One nf iT one each tn 1 nls mends, and I 4,101 the ticketswere61 ana UlM OHe Of them wii.

i TKMl rVwv percentage for the number of tfckeI.lfeltaJSL youths and a young ladYiK.fn Two and will receive abouT 800 Ucket each' LENIN BETTER. The Russian trade delegation in London has Mosc-i wireleas telegram from Karaenev announced at the Moscow Soviet yesterday that Lenin has completely recuperated and can resume work immediately, but his comrades wish to enable him completely to regain his strength and not to resume work for several weeks." Beuter. BOOKS RECEIVED. We nave received the following From Q. Bell and Bon A DIFFERENT GOSPEL, WHICH IB STOT Anmm r6Ltt8ciMC8 "T1- AA'r THE TBfSS Male.

Ifocker da Ssnaav Br tt 'ffil WloaUnler. A. Sm. i JBUtM by LUtn OufU uj c. Zuen.

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From the Aothoreaa. Iferttdene, tinlrk MARS. By kSfkSSuk. IVod Dent and Son- BZLFIfSSNEas. Auwmioa.

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Br 7i. 6d aI-SirTjS? DEAL SAITDEBSOH. CARXAO. Br 7. B05xuQSUlEuL Bt Jmaet Lminm 7.

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www llir. tXtXMOia HJ. 1. nub. MJL ui 6d.

net. "Fran Ifattanr and VeLz WITH THE TKBigt It! THE EAST. A TTthJ A SbofA VUtt to Into md JyyMt. By Bfc mntnud. 10.

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act. Treea Sir. laaae TTiaieii mxA Iadartry, -'TUBS. Far TIm la JfSddte and. Cm jrornAS ami A.

TwMn. BS- Vol. aadirT fiiTamcar FipMai ararpffn. anjf Ca." pBtEQatOnSV ROaraT By JrMiij FaraoL 6i. Froae JIartim Baefcir; FAB.

OTP THTJKBfc ar'AxtjDar afirlm: It. 6L -mxC Altrincham Agricultural Show September 20th, 1922 net. Thanks to the success of the rediscovered 17 t. hAnnmn nn n. rY Ap 1 ueggar wpcra, 1 niir best sellers.

He is not only a seller him- self, he is a source of sales in others. A I I them for the walls and on tne table lie handsomely-appointed lives and new editions of everything that can be got together of Gay's writing. Here is the latest' addition to the decorative scheme a magni ficently turned out presentation of Trivia," fit to be left about the most genteel drawing-1 room in Christendom, lr tnis seems taint IS this seems faint iV-i praise ler-it. oe nastuy aaueo mai inere The Industrial FordsoEv AtWoi fcs 120 at Works whole Atheiwnm ot ponte aris nas sprung 1 TVia cbnrnrtorn of ITie for the mantelpiece mere are drawings or the committee in regard to changes or SEE pression The Writers Aimed At. This has led Mr.

John S. Stunner, secretary of the Society for the Suppression of Vice, to suggest publishers and authors appoint a censor to whom prospective books shall be submitted in advance of publication. The suggestion has encountered a storm of protest as well as some support. The writers of the newer school, those who hare been trying to bring into their novels and plays aspects of sex and other subjects hitherto taboo, who want to introduce into American literature what they believe to be greater" realism, teei tnac tne sen erne is aimed especially at them, as inder-1 Mr. Sumner admits it is.

He quotes with JpproTal the' phrase of a magazine writer that American litera ture is Buffering from "high mud "Some ot our younger writers, literary infants." sars Mr. Sumner, are now in" com petition to determine which can compress within the covens of a hook of fiction or-of alleged scientific work the amount of pornography, filth, and aocialhr destructive instruction." Mr. Booth Tarkington, the novelist, also thinks that some of the young writers are going too far- He questions their sincerity, suggesting that they are "xeaKate revenue only." He gives qualified approval the censorship proposal, hot doubts tiu possibility of getting the right man to dp the work. On the- other hand, the more hnnortaat organisations of, wrifcejM jn few York City have formed a committee'. to oppose 'any kind of censorship.

Mr. George who beadedl The Ford Motor Company (England) Ltd. and Authorised Dealers are staging unique demonstration of the Fordson Tractor appHed to many and varied Industrial and Agricultural uses. DEANSOAXE.