The Guardian du lieu suivant : London, Greater London, England • 16

a THE MANCHESTER. GUARDIAN, MONDAY, 'MARCH 4, 1935 THE ARTIST lamps in the holy cave had been trimmed with the most meticulous care. The wives of the men who were chosen for TI their skill in such work to decorate the place had teased and trimmed wicks, removing each individual fibre that stuck out and made an ugly flare, until the small, pear-shaped, yellow flames were clear and almost motionless, and until--this was the point no wisp of smoke rose to hinder the workers at their serious task or smudge the paintings that they made. It was not a business of love but of necessity. If you hunt the boar and the buffalo and the deer, and live by doing so, then you must have pictures of them in your holy cave so that the men can dance, imitating their movements when they come to be killed, and the Wise Man can strike their pictures with his holy lance, calling out as he does so: Buffalo, I have hit your heart.

Buffalo, I have not missed. I have killed you, Buffalo. I have killed you with my lance." This is the most important of all magics. When it is done properly, when it is done with the beasts they represent, then the paintings that are really and truly like beasts will be hit in the heart, the hunters will not miss, the beasts will be killed, and the tribe will have food; and Food is nickname of life. Three men were working in cave.

They were all respected by the tribe for the lovely skill with which they could draw food animals in the very act of being op speared and killed, and colour them with reds and browns so that they were real. The eldest, who was the most skilful of all, was called the Painter. hair on hig head and body was quite white. He had taught his mysteries to his first-born, who would also be called the Painter one day, but who at present was known to the tribe as the Painter's Son. The third was, though clever, too young to have any name but the one his mother gave him.

The three worked together very amicably. The youngest had a huge admiration for the Painter's skill. The Painter would screw up eyes and dive his reed into the buffalo horn of ochre and with three swings of his wrist outline buffalo or a bear 80 that you almost heard its movements. Painter's Son dipped his reed and swung his wrist in precisely the same way, but his pictures, somehow, were not quite so wonderful. The young man never imitated either of them.

For one reason, he thought would be wrong, and for another, ever since he had seen his first buffalo come with its horrible bearded chin down and its red-brown eyes staring out of the thicket and seen the hunters spear it he had had his own picture of the line its back made and the way it set its hoofs on the ground, and this picture W29 slightly different from the one Painter always drew. He had drawn two buffaloes that day, and marked their hearts a for the Wise Man to hit. That was two more notches in the tribe's score against the clever beasts who were always going away when they were needed and dodging the thrown spears. Now he did not feel bored exactly, or even tired. He simply felt the inside part of him moving away from the close, smelly cave over the birch To forests until it came to stream.

He SEW the stream hurrying over round rocks and jagged rocks, falling down to make a pool, wearying of it and marching along through banks that it had carved out of the clay, It very lovely and quiet by the stream. was An otter dived in, a clean thrust of live fur from the bank, arching itself downward with a single spring and leaving bubbles on the surface. It came up again with fish. The fish, as it moved desperately, in alternately the like foreign the air, beech- was leaves and like the hurrying water. The otter put one clever, black, webbed font on it and began to eat.

The youth jerked awake: felt under him again the hard lump of stone that he was sitting on. Then he looked nt the wall of rock in front of him. His two buffaloes died there solemnly. Viahad so often hairy drawn chin of them the before. first fle jabbed his iced into his horn and buffalo there, was just room enough.

began to draw. What is that?" said Painter's Son. Ilis junior felt so ashamed that if his paint horn had been full of poison he would have drunk it then and there. lIe did not like Painter's Son, who was silent aud fierce, as much as he did Painter himself, and when he looked ed at the otter he had drawn ne realised that it had nothing to do with magic; was just silly and wicked to have drawn it. The otter could not help the tribe to Food.

What is that?" disked Painter. Ile was very old and shaky, and if it wore not for his skill in making pictures would have been turned out by the tribe long ago. The young man caught his arm gladly and helperl him across the cave to see what he had done. He had thought of an excuse now. Look, Painter.

it It is an otter. just the way I can seo well enough, what it is. an otter moves. That is how it hunches its back when it means to dive. You have made an otter.

But what is the magic of it! Nobody eats otters. Nobody wants otters. What did you want to make an otter for?" The youth was hurried in his explanation. squeezed the old man's arm. "I was so tired of making bears and buffaloes and deer, and besides, don't the otters steal our fish that we eat! Now the Wise Man can hit the it you really want-and we can have of the otter- see, I'll make its heart more fish: and, Painter.

it really is like an otter, isn't it?" Painter nodded, tracing with his clever old finger the lines of the drawing. "Yes, that is a good idea. I am very fond of fish myself. It would be good thing to make magic against the They were not the exact words that he was full pleasure about his otter. the youth had, wanted to Hear, but He felt new thoughts growing up inside him as a tree grows, but quickly and warmly.

He saw new things, and himself making them on the cave wall. And, Painter, I've got more ideas than that. I want to make all sorts of things. Supposing I made a river, here on this blank part, coming over some rocks and making pool. I could do that beautifully; and then supposing I made some trees.

Trees are so nice. You must have looked them yourself, very often and thought how you could do them instead of the buffalo and the bear; and I could do some of our girls coming down from the village for water, and over here I could do The Painter looked from him to the blank rock wall, puzzled. Then he made flattening gesture with the palm of his hand. But there is no magic in all this. Your pictures of rivers and such-like pre not going to help the tribe to WORKLESS EXSERVICEMEN British Legion's Task When General Sir Ian Hamilton, as president, opened the annual conference of the Metropolitan area of the British Legion in London on Saturday he said that the council no sooner his intention of retiring from the presidency me be than they pressed the fact that it would be to the advantage of the Legion if certain negotiations now in progress with regard to unemployment in London could be carried to a conclusion under the present chairman.

So I consented to hang on so as to give the council a sporting chance of winding up one of the most knotty problems it has had to tackle for some years," he said. I am standing here for re-election, not for better or worse, but for the time being." Sir Ian Hamilton was reelected area president, and presented album containing the signatures of all the council officers of the branches in the Metropolitan area. Admiral Sir Henry Bruce was re-elected chairman. Major F. W.

C. Fetherston-Godley, national chairman, said the future of the Legion was bound up directly with the question of employment for ex-servicemen. As the years went on they had to apply more time, money, and effort towards obtaining employment for their distressed comrades. When men should have been learning a job they were fighting for their country. Admiral Sir Henry Bruce, saying he did not wish any discussion on the subject, moved following resolution: That this conference resents Mr.

Lloyd George's gross attack on the personal character of our founder, Earl Haig, A man 1 no longer able to defend himself." The resolution. was carried amid tremendous applause. Mr. Hugh Kingdom, speaking at the dinner of the area in the evening, said there was subversive section of the community in this country with a capacity for mischief who sought to embroil Britain in another war. Those who know, from personal experience what war he said.

can best be trusted in the interests of peace." INDUSTRIES FAIR Striking Increase in Attendance The final attendance figures for the British Industries Fair, which closed in London on Friday, showed that 27,273 more people visited the fair than last year, The figures are 188.156, compared with 160,883 in 1934. The number home buyers was 135,320, an increase of 20,081, of overseas buyers 11,713, a decrease of 295, and of the general public 41,123, an increase of 6,587. of The apparent decrease in the number overseas buyers, who attended the fair from seventy-six countries," said an official at Olympia on Saturday, is explained by the fact that last year the engineering and hardware section of the fair was held at the same time as the fair in London. This year it Castle Bromwich on May 20. opens It at is therefore highly satisfactory that already the number of overseas buyers who have visited the fair in London should very nearly have reached last year's total for the fair as a whole.

economic In spite of which the difficulties in the prevail in many countries, the pulling field, unfortunately still power of the fair is increasing as far as the overseas buyers are concerned." BROTHERHOOD SPIRIT ON THE ROAD Minister's Appeal A plea for the spirit of brotherhood on the roads was made by Mr. Hore-Belisha, Minister of Transport, in a message to St. Mark's Traffic Workers' Brotherhood, at their thirty-second annual parade at Kennington Church, London, last night. The message, which was read by the Rev. Dr.

J. Darlington, president of the brotherhood, stated: The traffic workers of London set fine example of efficiency and courtesy. If that high example were followed by every user of the road there would be no road accident problem to-day. Nearly a quarter of million of our people were in killed the or maimed on the roads last yearvast majority of cases all through the carelessness or selfishness of someone. In the spirit of true brotherhood let us consider how much may depend upon our in actions on the road, and help to inspire well others craftsman's pride in a job TO-DAY'S ARRANGEMENTS House of Commons: Debate on Unemployment.

Sir Phillip Hartog on Indian Education," Institute of Education, Southampton Row, London, 3. Mr. Stevenson Taylor on Causes Acudents," Royal Society of Arts, London, of Factory Sir John Simon, Bristol. Norwood By-election Nominations. Sir G.

Paish at Scottish Liberal Federation Manchester and Salford Manchester County Court, 10 15. Manchester bearing Assizes, before (the Mr. following Justico civil Singleton: are down out jury: Smith J. H. Dewhurst.

Limited; Hargreaves Edmonson. With common jury: Hope r. Blakely: Knowles T. Stewart and Assize Courts, 10 30. Road and Rad Trade Act Public Inquiry, Arkwright House, 10 30.

Manchester and Sallord Trades Council: Unemployed Trades Unionist Demonstration. Assemble 11 15 Ardwick Green and The Crescent, Sallord, to march to Whitworth Stroct West. Mr. Cecil Roberts at Kendal, Milns's Library, Neanszate, 3 15. Rosal Blanchester Children's Hospital: A 30.

Fund: Lord Colwyn, Midland Hotel, Manchester Mission: Annaal Meeting, Houldsworth Hall, 3 30 and Manchester Literary Club: Supper and Reception, Grand Hotel 6 30. Platt Hall Art Gallery: Dr E. Spence on Black and White Halls and Cottages," 30. Church of England Walls' and Society: Annual Meeting, Diocesan Church House Council Chamber, 30. Ecaton Chapel Literary and Philosophical Society: Mr.

C. Leonard Woolley On Excarations in Ur 45. the Reform Hall, Heaton Moor, Practical Psychology Club: Mr. Garland Anderson on "Funding our Place in Lite' Memorial Hall, 7 45. Listeners' Associstion: Mr.

W. Velland on The Municipal Concerts," Central Library, 8. League of Nations' International Barnard Ellinger on Peace and Trade," Withinrton Tows 8. Mr. 9.

Whittaker on "Manchester Faces and Places," 9. Sport Association Football: I Blackburn Rovers V. Manchester City at Ewood Park, Blackburn, get more food. I see you have still a great deal to learn about painting. You don't surely think that it was because I wanted to make trees and girls on the wall of a cave that I have given all my days and my son's to it? A fine thing! The tribe wants food, I said to myself when I was your a age Both he and his son were surprised and angry when their novice, who had threw down his reed and paint a horn always treated them with respect, and ran out of the holy cave into the open air, PATRICE CARLETON.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR THE PEACE BALLOT and -at such times as they wish to -Yours, P. S. SIVASWANY AIYER. Madras, February 15. Sivaswamy Aiyer is recognised as one of the greatest authorities in India On matters of constitutional interest.

He was a member of the Madras Government during the war, and later was elected to the first Legislative Assembly, where a a a he made his mark, especially in dealing with the problems of defence. The late Lord Rawlinson paid tribute to his knowledge India's military MR. LLOYD GEORGE'S SCHEME Works Reconstruction To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian. A "Manchester Alan Guardian" Chorlton's of letter February in who the 26 must be gratifying to many Liberals have tired of the old party political game and who are anxious to make progress in the re-eq zipment and reconstruction of the country and see 3 revival of prosperity. He draws attention to a dominant feature of modern life that is often overlooked.

Prosperity can only be regained by the production of goods and the development of public services, and these are essentially the work of the engineers in one form or another. At present the control of all forms of industrial activity is subservient to financial interests--the City of London as Mr. factor lies in the imagination and vision Lloyd George terms it, whereas the vital of controllers with a large outlook who have eyes to see what is required to be done. Thousands of men could be usefully employed in clearing up the countryside involving large schemes of main and drainage, sewerage, water, gas heating, electricity supplies to every cottage in the land, in accordance with the control which can only be exercised by a real Cabinet Executive created to guide the heads of the respective departmental administrations over which the ordinary Cabinet Ministers now preside. Mr.

Lloyd George's scheme needs 8 little more particularisation at present. but it will continue to attract many to whom the academic shibboleths of fiscal systems, Irish questions, and the like have become a dead letter, but to whom the formation of a really progressive body suited to the needs of 1935 and the years to follow does a definitely appeal. -Yours, GEO. W. CUSSONS.

104, Great Clowes Street, Lower Broughton, Manchester 7, February 28. JUTE AND PINEAPPLES To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian. read with interest the suggestion in cynical phrases by L. C. Harris, of the Chamber of Shipping, and your own amused comments upon it, that the Government in its search for new industries might consider jute and pineapples, helped, of course, with plenty of the taxpayers' money." I think both of you ale running a fearful risk.

Where can you get any confidence the Government will not adopt the WILLIAM LEACH, 16, Haslingden Drive, Bradford, March 2. WIRELESS ABROAD The American 'Advertising Barrage" To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian. In America they bombard us with this nerve-racking commercial shrapnel on an average of once every fifteen So says American Listener," who obviously feels the price well worth paying for the privilege of hearing Eddie Cantor once every week for not much more than fifteen minutes. My set is not fitted with remote control," but I cannot help coveting one that 15 as a protection from that barrage which inevitably precedes or follows some otherwise pleasing PrOgramme. Those who delight in the talent Amos and Andy must be reminded twice nightly, before and after their that the sales of a certain tooth paste and mouth antiseptic bring such entertainment.

Beatrice Lillie must frequently interrupt her flow of fun to tell us that it is the canned milk industry which pays the bill. Again, one wishes that occasionally the clock might tick on for a a few moments while the microphone takes rest, for every slightest pause is filled with words and more words. Does American Listener" ever turn on his radio when all the principal networks are given over simultaneously to sobbing saxophones, crooning tenors, or At their more dreadful female counterparts? such times I have turned off the dial with a feeling of disgust that programmes are offered which so insult the tastes ana intelligence of the American public. A short stay in England last summer proved to me that the British Broadcasting Corporation does things in a much more restful and discriminating way. a Sunday morning recently I listen to a sermon by one of Boston's most distinguished preachers who spoke from his own pulpit.

Before he had the hand the clock in the studio showed that another fifteen minutes had passed, and so without pause for apology the sermon was supplanted by a jazz band. In my two years' experience of radio programmes in America only one speaker has been allowed an uninterrupted hearing, which lasted well over an hour. The speaker was Mr. Bernard BRITISH LISTENER IN Boston, February 19. Realistic Advertisements To' the Editor of the Manchester Guardian.

Sir. The point has been raised that in the United States radio broadcasting has been commercialised and that advertising blurbs ruin what would otherwise be delightful programmes. That depends on the point of view. Does the average 6t listener who has tuned in on, American say, Song of the Volga Boatmen experience a feeling of resentment when the commentator breaks in to announce that this programme is coming to you through the courtesy of Rubitin, guaranteed athlete's to cure lumbago, fallen arches, foot, Bangs disease, and to restore hair to its original colour Not at all. He may be a bit doubtful as to the precise nature of athlete's foot and Bangs disease, but he has a crick in his back, his shoes have been pinching his feet, and the mirror discloses the fact that silver threads are beginning to invest appear in among bottle the of gold.

Why not, then, a Rubitin (family size 49 cents) and kill five birds with one stone? And then there's halitosis, halitosis ments which has and created broken marriage engagethan more domestic discord all other causes combined. (We have the announcer's own word for it.) If The unfailing cure for that is Spoofine. the uninformed Englishman asks why the merits of a preparation of this kind cannot effectively presented in the advertisement pages of a. newspaper. or magazine, it simply shows that he is not coast to tuning in on an American to-coast hook up." Radio after advertising.

is realistic. The announcer, two. spoonfuls of instructions Spoofine in glass, putting of giving about, water, actually gargles before our ears. We are rapidly becoming a nation of expert garglers; halitosis will eventually disappear, and the credit must be assigned. to radio broadcasting.

Advertising programmes? Why, certainly. Otherwise how should know what gasolene to buy, or dentifrice, OT shaving cream, or W. C. McGREGOR. P.S.-After the depression is over, and I can afford it, I expect buy a shortwave set that will pick top B.B.C.

programmes. I have never heard one. Wheeling, W.Va., U.S.A., February 10. Italian Programmes To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian. Sir, I have followed with great interest the question of radio programmes as it has been discussed in your paper.

As regards lian broadcasts, they are, I find, generally good. There are especially some opera and variety programmes which are excellent. The Italian stations are numerous, all important cities having a station. Many listeners have only small radios and get only the local station. The British programmes are "not unknown in Italy.

The Italian stations have several times been linked up with the English stations, so that all Italian listeners could listen to some concert from London or to some other special programme. On the other hand, some opera programmes from Italy have been broadcast by the English stations. I think that these common programmes should be more frequent. Radio could be made more and more the medium for people of different nations to know and appreciate each other. There is a reason why Italian listeners try the Central European stations more often than the English ones--that is, the power of the stations.

Having a small apparatus, we hear Vienna or Budapest or Prague (which are very powerful) much better than the English stations, at least from 1 Trieste. The Italian programmes are unfortunately spoiled with advertising between broadcasts, but some of the programmes offered by advertising firms are excellent. But 1 quite agree that no advertising at all is best, and listeners countries are, I am sure, of this opinion (DR.) MARCELLO MAESTRO. Trieste, February 28. From a Luxembourg Student To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian.

Sir, -You may care to hear the opinions of a Luxembourg student about wireless programmes. I praise the B.B.C. for their good dance music and their beautiful organ recitals. English, German, and Austrian stations bring student songs, speeches about hiking and cycling tours, and try to give an introduction to life at a university. Radio Paris broadcasts sometimes good sketches and theatre evenings, but, in general, English and German humorous programmes are far better.

Ag to German stations, I detest the boring Nazi propaganda. not Luxembourg's advertising programmes are interesting at all. In such 8 little town music-hall transmissions are not possible. Switzerland gives fine accordeon and yodelling concerts. -Yours, A LUXEMBOURG STUDENT.

Luxembourg, February 28. THE WEATHER Forecast for To-day The Meteorological Office issues the following forecast for the period from 6 a.m, to-day till midnight to-night: General is highest Over Scandinaria. A feeble trough of low pressure is Great Britain. pronounced wedge of Weather high pressure off West Ireland is moving cast will became fine, exrept for local showers In the extreme North west. or moderate wind: Que: average temperature.

6.E. and N. Midlands, 9.W., and N. N.W. S.

England, E. moderate and Walcs. -Light or north westerly wind; fine; average temperature. 8 and SW. Scotland -Light or moderate westerly wind; fair or fine: nterage temperature.

Irish -Light or moderate north-westerly wind; fine; sea alight. Further or over most of England Scotland. and Wales and perhaps South cast Sun rises. Sets. Moon rises.

Sets. 6 52 5 50 6 23 5 20 p.m. To-morrow 6 49 5 52 6 36 a.m... 52 p.m. For every ten miles north of Manchester a sunset Es earlier by 12 seconds.

LAMP-TIME FOR VEHICLES TO.DAY... 6 20 p.m. YESTERDAY IN MANCHESTER Whitworth Park Meteorological Observatory Sunday, March 3, 1935. Damp. Barometer Tendency: Rising.

Thera v. Yesterda Barometer, 9 p.m. (Millibars) 1020-4 1,0147 millibar is ths international unit of baro metrio pressure. One thousand millibars (one bar) equals 29 53 inches of mercury One inch of mercury equals 33.86 Shade Temperatures, Today. Yest.

To-day. Yest. Dry bulb bulb 9a.m. 9p.m. Maximum.

41 45 41 47 Humidity (percentage) 9 a.m.... £5 To-day. Yesterday millimetres 9 p.m... 83 89 Rainfall (in Sanshine nil nil A COUNTRY DIARY CUMBERLAND, MARCH 2. On the narrow traverse at the foot of the precipitous bank of the river cowered two otter cubs of the size of rabbits.

They were squeaking their distress, for they could get no farther without slipping into the floodwater rushing past. Presently their mother. an otter of 17lb. or coming from downriver, swam up to them. Drawing herself on to what we call the rats' parade, since this is the route the rats follow in the summer on their way to a corn mill, she revealed herself a singularly dark-coated beast.

She grabbed.a cub by its cheek, and, with the burden dangling from her jaws, crawled slowly up the face of a rock slab to a recess eight feet above concealed by tufts of fern herbage. Having there deposited her cub, she slithered back to the river, swam again to the traverse, and treating the other cub in the same manner carried it also to the temporary lodging place. And there all three remained, as far as we know, until dark. There can hardly be any doubt that these cubs, which we estimate to be eight to ten weeks old, were laid down in the mill drain on our aide of the river. We bad no suspicion they were there, but the mill lade has been full during the floods, and the stone step of the drain on which otters write their signatures has been under water.

G. W. M. A NOTABLE MOON AND HIGH TIDES (From a Correspondent.) There are always some interesting features about the new 1000n in early the spring. Usually quick appearance of the crescent in the twilight attracts most attention, and the new MOOD which occurs early to-morrow (Tuesday) will be on view strikingly soon if the western hofizon is clear.

This week. too, there will succession of unusually high tides the result of the moon's close perigee today and the minor- effect of the sun, whose equatorial position: approximates to that of the moon. On the west coast the tides on Wednesday and Thursday will be. only a little. short of 32ft.

at some places. The coastal scenes, too, will have 'a counterpart in many rivers and streams up which the big tides will rush. In- view of- the. effect of the heavy rainfall in 'recent -weeks 'an' element of danger is evident, ELGAR IN COPENHAGEN Mr. Henry Holst Lord Cecil's Appeal for Funds To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian.

shall be very grateful if you will allow me to make an appeal -to your The Peace Ballot is proving a great success. It is inducing large numbers of our fellow-countrymen to give serious thought to the great issues of peace and disarmament; it is showing to the Government that for an active and courageous policy based on the League of Nations they can count on overwhelming support; and it is demonstrating to the depressed advocates of organised peace in foreign countries that Great Britain cau be trusted to make good her treaty obligations on behalf of peace. Our work is not yet complete -far from it; and we are most anxious to carry it through triumphantly to the end. But it costs money. True, we have received a wonderful amount of voluntary help.

In one city alone, Bristol, there were no fewer than 3,400 volunteers. True, also, funds have been raised in various places to cover local expenses. Even 80, certain charges for printing, postage, and organisation have to be met. These expenses have been trifling compared with the £500,000 or more which is said to be the central cost of general election, The sum required should not exceed £11,000, of which £5,500 has already been raised. But we badly need the remaining in order to prevent any slackening of our efforts.

Indeed, easily find uses for considerably more than that sum. Will any of your readers help us? If so, will they please send their contributions to me at 15,, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W. 11-Yours, CECIL. 15, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W. 1, March 2, INDIA AND DOMINION STATUS The Real Question at Issue To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian.

the demand of Indian public opinion that the intention of the British Parliament to abide by the declaration of Dominion status as the goal of British policy should be embodied in the preamble to the new two different answers have been given by the spokesmen of his Majesty's Government. One was that the repeal of the present Government of India Act would not affect the existence and vitality of the preamble of the Act of 1919 and that to make this intention clear the repealing schedule in the new bill would be so amended as to exclude the preamble of the present Act. This was question upon which constitutional experts were said to take divergent views. As a matter of common sense be provisions said that of when all the substantive an enactment were repealed the reasons which moved the Legislature to pass the enactment could not possibly continue to have any independent existence or force and be left hanging in the air. On the other hand, from a purely technical point of view it might be urged that preamble of a statute is always put to the Legislature as a separate proposition and adopted by it at the end.

It might therefore be fairly argued that, though all the substantive provisions were knocked the preamble would still remain. am not prepared, to deny any weight to this technical aspect. But in view of express intention of the Government as to the amendment of the repealing schedule, it is unnecessary to determine this question. Another answer given by the Government is the one put forward in the Attorney General's speech, that a preamble has no greater validity than in the intention of Parliament expressed any other manner. To this con- I Lention it is not possible to subscribe.

I do not know whether the Attorney General will be prepared to lay down that there would be no difference in legal validity between a statutory provision and a declaration of intention otherwise made by a Legislature. Such a position is, in my on opinion, untenable. We have to distinguish between the moral question of validity. legal A validity and declaration that of intention of a Government, made with the concurrence of Parliament, may be morally binding upon succeeding Governments and Parliaments, and the Government may in honour be pledged not to depart from that intention. But that different question.

It has, as matter of fact, been contended by the Churchillites that nothing a statute is binding on the Parliament. As a political convention and policy this statement is no doubt absurd, and, for the matter of that, even a statute formally, passed by Parliament cannot possibly prevent a succeeding Parliament from repealing or altering it. Nevertheless, it would be idle to coptend that there is no distinction in solemnity or legal validity between a pledge or declaration embodied in a statute and one acceded to by Parliament but not so embodied. It is well-understood principle that speeches and debates Parliament cannot be relied upon in the construction of a statute. In view of the anxiety of the Indian public and of the repudiation of declarations made his by the Viceroy, Ministers, and by Majesty, and in the preamble, which has been indulged in by the Churchillite group, it would, have been more reassuring if the demand for the enactment of a suitable preamble had been met.

Neither Sir Samuel Hoare nor Sir Thomas Inskip has furnished any satisfactory answer to the real question at issue, which is not whether it is necessary to embody declaration in the preamble but whether it will do any harm to do 50. The argument that it is unnecessary will fail to satisfy the Indian public. The very fact that the Ministers are unwilling to introduce the declaration tends to engender apprehension and suspicion in the mind of India. The only answer given by Sir Thomas Inskip is that the multiplication of words was likely to darken counsel and that it would not be easy to frame a satisfactory formula. It is not possible to accept the view that it is beyond the capacity of Parliamentary draftsmen to frame a suitable formula which would avoid "lawyers' wrangles" over the question of status.

The only conclusion that we can come to is that the British statesmen in Government and -Parliament 4 are unwilling statutory to declaration commit themselves to any sibly interfere which their may posfreedom with complete to grant measutet of responsibility and iri such small stages Last Thursday evening Mr. Henry Holst, of the Royal Manchester College of Music, played the, Elgar Violin Concerto in Copenhagen weekly concert of the Danish Broadcasting Corporation. It was public concert, after the manner of the Wednesday concerts of the B.B.C. in this country. Fritz Busch conducted, and the performance was the first that has been given of the Elgar Concerto in Denmark.

The public received the work and Mr. Holst with tremendous enthusiasm. After the slow movement the silence was eloquent of deep appreciation, and at the end of the last movement the applause broke out tumultuously. A rare tribute was made to Mr. Holst: the Copenhagen Broadcasting Orchestra played a fanfare, every instrumentalist standing.

This is an honour which in Copenhagen is reserved for only the greatest artists. Frits Busch, after the concert, expressed the following opinion of the Elgar Concerto: Whatever you may think of the work in detail, it was written by master." Unfortunately the critics of Denmark lagged behind public opinion. Criticism on the Continent is notoriously conservative and, unlike English musical criticism, unable to assimilate new idioms and styles. Sibelius has had to depend on English criticism for anything like understanding outside his own country. The absence of a great tradition in our country based on long line of native composers of genius a enables opinion to react freely fresh influences.

The Danish critics make the rudimentary mistake of discerning in Elgar the influence of Brahms. The Government journal, the Social-Demokraten," speaks of the Brahmsian flayour in the Elgar Violin Concerto. It would be interesting to have chapter and verse on this point. Obviously the Danish critics had not heard a note of the concerto until last week. The SocialDemokraten even perceives dash of Sibelius in Elgar.

But there is some point in the critic's observation that Elgar has a national sentimentality decorated with sugar-plums." Those of us who the greatness of Elgar know also the composer's weaknesses. We begin where the Continental critics end: Elgar's faults are part of his general style and are lost in the big and characteristic whole. The critio of the Social-Demokraten i is enthusiastic about Mr. Holst's interpretation, "He plays the Elgar Concerto beautifully and puts a glamour on the music. We need not dwell on Mr.

Holst's tone and technique; we are content to place him amongst the finest of contemporary masters, It was a piece of marvellous violin artistry." The Politiken wrote condescendingly of Elgar. "It is an open secret," stated the musical critic of this journal, that England has nothing to contribute to modern music. The Violin Concerto of Elgar is synthetic, its quality is derived, but cHectively presented. There is nothing in the work that is original and English in the sense that Purcell was original and English." But this critic praises Mr. formance unreservedly in these words: "Ar.

Holst's playing put the case for Elgar with the whole of his understanding and authority 39 a violinist, and he eliminated that Sunday' sentimentality which can be found in the concerto at certain places, and is the only English contribution." The critic of the "Berlinske Tidende" thinks that Elgar is a "laudable" composer who lacks independence, "he does not stand on his own legs." Here again the influence of Brahms is discerned. Pleasant moments" are admitted in the andante, and also there is a recognition of the imaginative genius expressed in the cadenza. But this critic asks: "Where is the English humour which we associate with Shakespeare and Dickens?" Mr. Holst's interpretation is described by the writer as masterly, clear, and pure. The whole presentation was that of a great artist of the violin." The critio of the Dagens Nyheder" is E.

Abrahamsen, whose position in Danish musical scholarship is rather like that of Professor J. Dent in this country. He commits some humorous errors about Elgar, he thinks that Elgar is "an impressionistic composer" who has written many excellent works, especially his symphonies and organ works To single out Elgar's organ works as representative of his art is 83 though an English critio were to lay particular on Bruckner's chamber music. Abrabamsen thinks that the Violin Concerto is "diffuse in form' (every great work those has been who have described only in the same words the score). The themes are too thin" to the heavy instrumentation; support "a certain relieved hangs over the whole work, sentimentality only by a popular folk-tune, which is always the core of English music." This critic praises Mr.

Holst on the thinks his interpretation was too whole, "taste- but ful." Mr. Holst's success in Copenhagen last week was 80 great that he has already been engaged to play at the same concerta next winter. He must play the Elgar Violin Concerto for us at a Concert, is where Elgar as much understood as Sibelius foreigners I and other N. 0. EXAMINATIONS FOR CIVIL SERVICE The following examinations have (open), 19.

Clerk typists, March 19. Typists (temporary), March 19. Assistant preventive officers, April 4. Executive officers, April 9. Counter clerk and telegraphists April 16.

(female), Boy traffic superintendents, April 30. Assistant May 7. messengers' general examination, Shorthand typists, May 14. Clerk shorthand typists, May 14. Writing assistant, May 16.

Clerical assistant, May 16. Administrative class, July 25 and August 1. It is anticipated that following subjects will be examinations held in during the Clerical clasg (open), minor and tant manipulative (entry to clerical claas), assiainspector of taxes, third-class officer Ministry of Labour, officer of Customs" and Excise Full particulars concerning these examinations and classes in connection. therewith, both in London and in other centres, can be obtained from the Secretary, Civil Service Educational Council, Parliament Mansions, Victoria Street, London, B.W. 1.

CATHEDRAL SERVICES. Hatios at 11: Erensong 30 Holy Dave And Commanion. Fridays Weekday at dally: 11 st 7 30: after notice. Matins: Monday Palmer (Services rendered by men's voices only. in art praised in Zion Erensong: Cobb in Anthem Thou, God, manded Anthem (Mendelssohn).

.748 (No. 6), "The Lord hath Anthem-book Signifes that will bo portion only of the words fi the rung. JOHN- -B. BAMBER, for many years manager of Messrs. Gamble and Smith's Brookside and Welsh Hill weaving mills; Leigh, has died in Manchester Infirmary.

He was. a brother of the town clerk: of Leigh, STOP-PRESS. NEWS "A PIRATE'S HERO" Greek Premier on Veniselos M. Tsaldaris, the Prime interview with Reuter telegr from Athens this morning, espi the conviction that the rebel ment would be successfully supp: and order 1., denounced the veteran ex-Prem: Veniselos, as only fit to be a pi hero. RUMOUR OF DESTROYERS IN COLLISION It is rumoured in Gibrali.n.

Neuter. and that the H.M.5. Witeh destroyers live 11 Wishart involved in a slight collision wit other and that they are going 1111 lock at Gibraltar for inspection I. ollicial naval quarters Reuter that nothing Was' known VI incident. Eurly to-day -the Admiralty Ira-: 1.0 news of the collision.

WESTIACOTT'S A'l GRAPE botels. FRUIT 17, Market SQ'SII. st DIGESTIVE your PILLS troubles. from 17, Market WESTMACOTI'S Street. BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS Announcemeats in this column are charged st the rate ol 15.

6d. per hipe, All such announcements must be authenticated he the name aod address of the tender, and 11 the case of Engagements" by the signatures of tr 11 parties. Postage stamps or postal orders 14 sent in paymcut. BIRTHS BESANT DAVIES -On March 2. 1935.

at Word lands, Broad Oak Road, Worsley, to the wife ul J. BUSANT L.D.b., 4 COOKE- the 1st to inst, Mr. at and Fern Bank, G. Mottrim Road. Staly budge, Mra.

R. daughter. ROBERTS. March 1, at Red Bank. Bury MARY CHRISTIAN Bridge), wile of EDMUND ROBERTS, 6011.

DEATHS March 1, at her residence, 321, hoss Lane East. Manchester, MARY MGIR HANNAY. the dearly beloved wile of the late HotcrI Watson ATKINSON, In her 89th year. Interment al Urmaton Cemetery to-morros (Tuesday), at 1 30 m. the 1st inst suddenly, at Ansdell, Brackley Road, FREDERICK, the beloved husband of Rachael A.

CARDWELL. oged 54 years. Service St. interment -Paul's at Church, Southern Monton, 30. a.m, 12 30 pm.

Inquires Coop and Cemetery, Telo to Tuesday, phone Pendleton CHAPMAN- -On March 1. at 26, Guest Road. Prest. wich, ELIZABETH, daughter of the late Rev. T.

CHAPMAN, first vicar of Christ Church, Chadder ton. Service at Christ Church Tuesday, Marrh 1935, at 11 30 a.m., prior to interment al Chadderton Cemetery. Inquiries Prestwich 1673 March 1, the Rev. ALFRED Rector of St. Barnabas's, Mrs.

Oldham Road, Manchester. revered father of T. leG. Pynches Mrs. F.

Mould. At rest. On March 1, 1935. suddenly, at West worrI High Lane, JAMES ARTHUR, the dearly lored husband of Agnes (Cis) GREEN. Funeral will lakn place from the residence of his sister, 78, Beeri Road, Storkport, on Wednesday the 6th fut interment at Christ Church.

Woodford, tweire o'clock. Inquiries Froggatts', Stockport. inst at her residence, 12 Rathen Road, Withington, the late Clemento HASSAN, her 73rd Interment this day (Monday) at the Snanish and Portuguese Cemetery, Urmston, at 12 p.m The will lerve the above address at 11 a.m. A train leaves Central Station for Urmston 12 p.m. Serv.co will ba he'd each erening at 15 at Rathen Road.

HESKETH-RICHARD, belovcd husband af Berth HESKETH Ashurst), passed peacefully Andy on Friday, March 1, at 65, Westgate, Hale, bam. Interment at Altrincham Cemetery to-morrow (Tuesday), at two o'clock. No mourning, by request Inquries to Worthington's, Altrincham. Tel. 1242 -On March 2.

1935, at 10, Orville Burnage, ANNE, the dearly lored wife of the lat, Edward HITCHEN, Eged 78 years. Funeral at Christ Church, Bradlord. Tuesday, 2 15 for interment at Philips Park Cemctery. 3 1 Inquiries F. Riley and Son, Beswick, and Birchfichs Road.

Tels. East 0730 and 2449. March 1. at 26, Park Road, Monton, EDITH ANNIE, dearly belored wife of Josiph HOUGHTON, and the dear mother of Elsie, Sidney, and Marjorie. Interment at Peel Green March 5, at 3 30 p.m.

the 1st. suddenly, at residence. 73, St. Margaret's Road, Heaton Tar(late of Park Bide Hotel), JAMES. the beloved of Betsy and the late James HUIME, aged years.

Funeral arrangements later. Inquiries Co and Sons, Ltd. Tel. Pen. 1487.

March 1, 1935, suddenly, at Duran home: PERCIVAL MILLUM, beloved husband on Monday, March 1935, 11 a.m. All Annie on-Sea, Millom. Essex. Servico 3 Silverdale Avenue, at Manchester quiries Affeck and. Brown, Ltd, Oldha 01 Manchester.

March 1, at 20, Ruskin Road, ELIZABETH MYERS, in her 69th Serve 1 30 at Wage Street Wesleyan Church day (Monday), to interment at Astbury 2 the 3rd at 77. Alexandra Road Bouth, Manchester, after a long-sufferit ness, patiently borne. ANNIE. beloved wife of Ir. C.

H. 8. REDMOND and daughter of the 'ate Alfred May she rest in peace. Innuiries Frans and Gordon, Ltd. Tel Central 6727.

March 2. 1935. at his resider West wood. South Reddish. Stockport, FREDERICK WALKER, aged 79 St.

Mary's Church, South Reddish Wednesday the 6th at ane-fifteen interment following at Willow Grot Reddish. Inquiries Froggatts', Stockport. lat at her residence. 17, Rectory Road, Higher MARY ELF WALKER, aged 87, widow of the late Edwa-1 Woods Walker. Service St Mary's Church, Crum.

3 1 50 p.m.; interment 8t. Paul's, Eersal, 2 Tuesday. 5th inst. No Lowers, by Inquiries E. 'Phone 2780 Cheetham the 3rd at her residence, To, Wellington Street.

Gorton. AGNES. xert. Service at homsion Thursday the 7th ins' loved widow of Henry William WHELPION. at 2 15.

prior to interment at Gorton Cea 3 An inquiries to Cheet Tel. 1540: Parbold, the 2nd, Wigan, at Elsinore, Wood Lars, h- LYDIA- WILD, into Bout at Southport Cemetery on Tuesdays p.m. IN MEMORIAL affectionate of Mri. H. GELL Years Toll but memory aster fades Milly.

Chesterfield, Mobs Lane, Hazel Grove. Father, died March 4, 1931, and March 4, Mother 1928. To the memory of and TAMES BROOME, Funeral "Director, 42, DOWNING ST A MIC 1. Andwick 2902. 12: 26 All ba addressed' either to the Editer OF to the Manchester Guardian, and not to Tho: Editor cannot be responsible for the return articles offered though, so far practicable, it they will.

ba returned whes stamped and addressed envelopes 'are enclosed. Printed for the and Published RUSSELL SCOTT, NEWS, GUARDIAN EVENING LTD, at the Gourdian Building! 3, Cross Streets. Manchester Monday, March 4, 1935,.