The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 16

16 THE MANCHESTER GTTABDIAN, MONDAY, MARCH 4, ,1935 STOP-PRESS NEWS LETTERS TO THE EDITOR THE ARTIST The lamps in the holy cave -had been trimmed 'with the most' meticulous care. The wives of the men who were chosen for their skill in such work to decorate We are rapidly becoming a nation of expert garglers; halitosis will eventually disappear, and the credit must be assigned, to radio broadcasting. Advertising programmes? Why, certainly. Otherwise how should we know what gasolene to buy, or dentifrice, or shaving cream, or cigarettes Yours, W. C.

McGhegoh. WORKLESS EX SERVICEMEN British Legion's Task When General Sir Ian Hamilton, as ELGAR IN COPENHAGEN Mr-. Hoist Last Thursday evening Mr. Henry Hoist, of the Royal Manchester College of Music, played the, Elgar Violin Concerto in Copenhagen at the weekly concert of the Danish Broadcasting Corporation. It was a public concert, after the manner of the Wednesday conceits of the B.B.C.

in this country. Fritz Busch conducted, and the performance was the first that has been given of the Elgar Concerto in Denmark. The public received the work and' Mr. Hoist "with, tremendous enthusiasm. After the slow movement the silence was eloquent of deep appreciation, and at the end of the last movement the applause broke out tumultuously.

A rare tribute was made to Mr. Hoist: the Copenhagen Broadcasting Orchestra played a fanfare, every instrumentalist standing. This is an honour which in Copenhagen is reserved for. only the greatest artists. Frits Busch, after the concert, expressed the following opinion of the Elgar Concerto: "Whatever THE PEACE BALLOT Lord Cecil's Appeal for Funds To the Editor of the Manchester Guardia'n.

Sir, I shall be very grateful if you will allow me to make an appeal -to your Peace Ballot is proving a great success. It is inducing large numbers of our fellow-countrymen to give serious thought to the great issues ox peace and disarmament it is showing to the Government that for an active and courageous policy based on the League of Nations they can count on overwhelming support; and it is demonstrating to the depressed advocates of organised peace in foreign countries that Great Britain can be trusted to make good her treaty obliga tions on behait ot peace. Our work is not yet complete far from it; and we are most anxious to carry it through triumphantly to the end. But it costs monev. True, we have received a wonderful arcioant of voluntary heln.

In ono citv alone. Bristol, there were no fewer than 3,400 volunteers. True, also, tunds have been raised in various places to cover local expenses. Even so. certain charges for printing, postage, and organisation nave to be met.

These expenses have been trifling compared with the 500.000 or more which is said to be the central cost of a general election. The sum required should not exceed 11,000, of which 5,500 has already been raised. But we badly need the remaining in order to prevent any slacken-ing of our efforts. Indeed, we could easily find uses for considerably more than that sum. Will any of your readers help us? If so, will they piease sena tneir contributions to me at 15,, Grosvenor Crescent.

London, S.W. 11 Yours, Cecil. 15, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W. 1, March 2. INDIA AND DOMINION STATUS The Real Question at Issue To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian.

Sir, To the demand of Indian public opinion that the intention of the British Parliament to abide bv the declaration of Dominion status as the goal of British policy should be embodied in the preamble to the new bill two different answers have been given by the BDokesmen of hi a TUn.iosd-v's. Government. One was that the repeal of the present Government of India Act would not affect the existence and vitality of the preamble of the Act of laia ana tnat to make this intention clear the repealing schedule in the new bill would be so amendprl as P7rlnr7p. the preamble of the present Act. This was a question upon which constitutional experts -were said to take divergent views.

As a matter of common sense it might be said that when all the substantive provisions of an enactment were repealed the reasons which moved the Legislature to pass the enactment could not possibly continue to have any independent existence or force and be left hanging in the air. On the other hand, from a purely technical point of view it might be urged that the preamble of a statute is always put to the Legislature as a separate proposition and adopted by it at the end. It might therefore be fairly argued that, though all the substantive provisions were knocked out, the preamble would still remain. I am not to deny any weight to this technical aspect. But in view of the express intention of the Government as to the amendment of the repealing schedule, it is unnecessary to determine this question.

Another answer given by the Government is the one put forward in the Attorney General's speech, that a preamble has no greater validity than the intention of Parliament expressed in any other manner. To this contention it is not, tiossiblp. subscribe. I do not know whether the Attorney General will be prepared to lay down that there would be no difference in legal validity between a statutory provision and a declaration of intention otherwise made by a Legislature. Such a position is, in my opinion, untenable.

We have to distinguish between the question of legal validity and that of moral validity. A declaration oE intention of a Government, made with the concurrence of Parliament, may be morally binding upon succeeding Governments and Parliaments, and the Government may in honour be pledged not to depart from that intention. But that is a different question. It has, as a matter of fact, been contended by the Churchillites that nothing short of a statute is binding on the Parliament. As a political convention and policy this statement is no doubt absurd, and.

for the matter of that, even a statute formally, passed by Parliament cannot possibly prevent a succeeding Parliament from repealing or altering it. Nevertheless, it would be idle to contend that there is no distinction in solemnity or legal validity between a pledge or declaration embodied in a statute and one acceded to by Parliament but not so embodied. It is a welUunderstood principle that speeches and debates in Parliament cannot be relied upon in the construction of a statute. In view of the anxiety of the Indian public and of the repudiation of declarations made by the Viceroy, by Ministers, and by his Maiestv. and in the preamble, which has been indulged in by the Churchillite eroun.

it would nave Deen more reassuring if the demand for the enactment of a suitable preamble had been met. Neither Sir Samuel Hoare nor Sir Thomas Inskip has furnished any satisfactory answer-to the real question at issue, which is not whether it is necessary to embody a declaration in the preamble but whether it will do any harm to do so. The argument that it is unnecessary will fail to satisfy the Indian public. The very fact that the Ministers are unwilling to introduce the declaration tends to engender apprehension and suspicion in the mind of India. The only answer given by Sir Thomas Inskip is that the multiplication of words was likely to darken counsel and that it would not be easy to frame a satisfactory formula.

It is not, possible to accept the view that it is beyond the capacity of Parliamentary draftsmen to frame a suitable formula which would avoid "lawyers' wrangles" over the question of status. The only conclusion that we can come to is that the British, statesmen in Government and --Parliament are unwilling to commit themselves" tor any' statutory declaration which may possibly interfere with their complete freedom to grant mjeasutej-'ctf responsibility and in" such small stages' and at such times as they wish to grant. Yours, P. S. SlVASWAHY AlYEE.

Madras, February 15. Sir Sivaswamy Aiyer is recognised as one of the greatest authorities in India on matters of constitutional interest. He was a member of the Madras Government during the war. and later was elected to the first Legislative Assembly, where he made his mark, especially in dealing with the problems of defence. The late Lord Kawlinson paid tribute to his knowledge of India's military problems.

JiD. Utjaed. MR. LLOYD GEORGE'S SCHEME Works of Reconstruction To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian. Sir, Jlr.

Alan Chorlton's letter in the "Manchester Guardian" of February 26 must be gratifying to many Liberals who have tired of the old party political game and who are anxious to make progress in th3 re-eq. lipment and reconstruction ot the country and see a revival of pros perity, ne draws auenuon ro a aommaui feature of modern life that is often overlooked. Prosperity can only be regained by the production of goods and the development ot" public services, and these are essentially the work of the engineers in one form or another. At present the control of all forms of industrial activity is subservient to financial interests the City of London as Mr. Lloyd George terms it, whereas the vital factor lies in the imagination and vision of controllers with a large outlook who have eyes to see what is reauired to be done.

Thousands of men could be use- miiy employed in clearing up the country-side involving large schemes of main drainage, sewerage, water, gas heating, and electricity supplies to every cottage in the land, in accordance with the control which can only be exercised by a real Cabinet Executive created to guide thp heads of the respective departmental administrations over which the ordinary Cabinet Ministers now preside. Mr. Lloyd George's echeme needs a little more particularisation at present, but it will continue to attract many to whom the academic shibboleths of the fiscal systems, Irish questions, and the like have become a dead hut to whom the formation of a really progressive body suited to the needs of 1935 and the years to follow does definitely appeal. Yours, Geo. W.

Cussoks. 104, Great Clowes Street, Lower Broughton, Manchester 7, February 28. JUTE AND PINEAPPLES To the Editor of the Manchester Giiardian. Sir, I read with interest the suggestion made in cynical phrases by Mr. L.

Harris, of the Chamber of Shipping, and your own amused comments upon it, that the Government in its search for new industries might consider jute and pineapples, helped, of course, with plenty of the taxpayers" money." I think both of you aie running a fearful risk. Where can you get any confidence the Government wilt not 'adopt the suggestion8 Yours, William Leach. 16, Haslingden Drive, Bradford, March 2. WIRELESS ABROAD The American Advertising "Barrage" To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian. Sir, In America they bombard us with this nerve-racking commercial shrapnel on an average of once every fifteen minutes." So says "American Listener," who obviously feels the price well worth paying for the privilege of hearing Eddie Cantor once every week for not much more than fifteen minutes.

My set is not fitted with "remote control," but I cannot help coveting one thau is as a protection from that barrage which inevitably precedes or gramme. Those who delight in the talent nf Anne' tiT-irl A ,1 1 1 twice nightly, before and after their turn," that the sales of a certain tooth paste and mouth antiseptic bring such entertainment. Beatrice Lillie must frenilpntlv infprrilTtf. hnr. nt 4 tell us that it is the canned milk industry pays wie oui.

Again, one wisnes that occasionally the clock might tick on for a few moments while the microphone takes a rest, for every slightest pause is filled with woTds and more words. Does "American Listener" ever turn on his radio when all the principal networks are given over simultaneously to sobbing saxophones, crooning tenors, or their more dreadful female counterparts At. fiueh timpq 1, i-q tnmn. nff 1, with a feeling of disgust that programmes -v- i. HiJLVil OU UiOUltl (lilt? tT iiilVl intelligence of the American public.

A short stay in England last summer proved to me that the British Broadcasting Corporation does things in a much more restful and discriminating way. On a Knnravr mnminr vann4l wuuuuj AGk.dll.iy listenedin to a sermon by one of Boston's most distinguished) preachers who spoke Ffrirr, Viir, r.vr 1 1 finished the hand of the clock in the minutes had passed, and so without pause iur ajjiuugy ine sermon was supplanted bv a iazz band mv vom-e1 experience of radio programmes in America only one speaker has been allowed an uninterrupted hearing, which itioieu neu over an nour. ine speaker was Mr. Bernard Shaw Yours, A British Listener in February 19. Realistic Advertisements To' the Editor of the Manchester Guardian.

Si TV, 1 it.i -Lite? uujuu uas uccu LiJai, in the United States radio broadcasting has been commercialised and that advertising delightful programmes. That depends on the point of view. Does the average -liuciic-iiii listener wno nas lunea in on, say, Song of the Volga Boatmen experience a feeling of resentment when the commentator breaks in to announce that "this programme is coming to you through the courtesy of Kubitin, guaranteed to cure lumbago, fallen arches, restore hair to its original colour" Not au an. xie xuay oe a DIE OOUDtlUl as to the precise nature of athlete's foot and -o- uaa a uilun 111 ills back, his shoes have been pinching his feet, and the mirror discloses the fact iiias Oliver mreaas are beginning to appear among the gold. Why not then invest in a.

hnftlo of iHtuiuu iiainiiv size 49 cents) and kill five birds with one And tnon U-i'i whicn has broken more marriage engagements and created more domestic discord tnan all other causes combined. (We nave the announcer's own word for it Thf, unfailing cure for that is Spcofine. If the uninformed Englishman asks why the merits of a preparation of this kind viwuuif oe enectiveiy presented in" tne VPT 1 CDTHBTl naffae nt a it.eimply shows that he is not 'accustomed to tuning in on an American. waat'ivvudab UUUK up. ItaCtlO arivprHsinrr" is T-nol cf i.

Tin, after giving instructions about -putting two'. sjpoqnfuls "of Spobfine in a' glass. of water; actually gargles before our ears. the place had teased and trimmed the wicks, removing each individual fibre that stuck out and made an ugly flare, until the small, pear-shaped, yellow flames were clear and almost motionless, and until this was the point no wisp of smoke rose to hinder the workers at their serious task or smudge the paintings that they made. It was not a business of love but of necessity.

If you hunt the boar and the buffalo and the deer, and live by doing so, then you must have pictures of them your holy cave so that the men can dance, imitating their movements when they come to be killed, and the wise Man can strike their pictures with his holy lance, calling out as ne does so: "Buffalo. I have hit your heart. Buffalo. I have not missed. I have killed you, Buffalo.

I have killed you with mjr lance." This is the most important of all magics. When it is done properly, when it is done with paintings that are really and truly like the beasts they represent, then the beasts will be iut in the Heart, tne hunters will not miss, the beasts will be killed, and the tribe will have food and iood is the nickname of lite. Three men were working in the cave They were all respected by the tribe for the lovely skill with which they could draw rood animals in tne very act of being speared and killed, and colour them with Teds and browns so that they were real. The eldest, who was the most skilful of all, was called the Painter. The hair on his head and body was quite white.

He had taurrht his mvsteries to his first-born. who would also be called the Painter one day, but who at present was known to the tribe as the Painter's Son. The third was. thoueh clever, too young to have any name but the one his mother save him. The three worked together very amicably.

The youngest had a huge admiration for tne Painter a skill. Th Painter would screw uo his old eyes and dive his xeed into tne buffalo Jiorn of ochre and with three swings of his wrist outline a buffalo or a bear so that you almost heard its movements. Painter's Son dinned his reed and swung his wrist in precisely the same way, but his pictures, somehow, were not quite so wonderful. The young man never imitated either of them. For one reason, he thought it would be wrong, and for another, ever since lie had seen his first buffalo come wifcli its horrible bearded chin down and its red-brown eyes staring out of the thicket and seen the hunters spear it he had had his own picture of the line its back made and the way it set its hoofs qn the ground, and this picture was slightly different from the one Painter always drew.

He had drawn two buffaloes that day, and marked their hearts for the Wise Man to hit. That was two more notches in the tribe's score against the clever beasts who were always going away when they were needed and dodging the thrown spears. Now he did not feel bored exactly, or even tired. He simply felt the inside part of him moving away from the close, smelly cave over the birch forests until it came to a stream. He saw the stream hurrying over round rocks and jagged rocks, falling down to make a pool, wearying of it and marching along through banks that it had carved out of the clay.

It was very lovely and quiet by the stream. An otter dived in, a clean thrust of live fur from the bank, arching itself downward with a Eingle spring and leaving bubbles on the surface. It came up again with a flapping fish. The fish? as it moved desperately in the foreign air, was coloured alternately like the beech- leaves and like the hurrying water. The otter put one clever, black, webbed font on it and began to eat.

The youth jerked awake felt under him again the hard lump of stone that he was sitting on. Then he looked at the wall of rock in front of him. His two buffaloes died there solemnly. He had so often drawn them before. Under the hairy chin of the first buffalo there was just room enough.

Jle jabbed his ieed into his horn and to draw. "AVhatis that?" said Painter's Son. His junior felt so ashamed that if his paint horn had been full of poison he would have drunk it then and there. He did not likn Painter's Son, who was silent aud fierce, as much as he did Painter himself, and when he looked at the otter he had drawn ne realised that it had nothing to do with magic was just silly and wicked to have drawn it. The otter could not holp the tribe to Pood.

'What is that!" asked Painter. Hp was very old and shaky, and if it were not for his skill in making pictures would have been turned out by the tribe long ago. The young man caught his arm gladly and helped him across the cave to see what he had done. He had thought of an excuse now. "Look, Painter, it is I can see well enough what it is.

It is an otter. That is" just the way an otter moves. That is how it hunches its back when it means to dive. You have made an otter. But what is the magic of it! Nobody eats otters.

wants otters. 'What did you want to make an otter for?" i The youth was hurried in his explanation. Ho squeezed the old man's arm. "I was so tired of making bears and buffaloes and deer, and besides, don't tha otters steal our fish that we eatt Now the Wise Man can hit the heart of the otter see, Pll make its heart if you really want and we can have more fish: and. Painter, it really is like an otter, isn't it?" Painter nodded, tracing with his clever old finger the lines of the drawing.

"Yes, that is a good idea. I am very fond of fish myself. It would be a good thing to make magic against the otter." They were not the exact words that the youth had wanted to hear, but he was full of pleasure about his ptter. He felt new thoughts growing up inside him as a tree grows, but quickly and warmly. He saw new tilings, and himself making them on the cave wall.

And, Painter, I've got more ideas than that. I want to make all sorts of things. Supposing I made a river, here on this blank part, coming over some rocks and making a pool. I could do that beautifully; and then supposing I made some trees. 'Trees are so nice.

You must have looked at them yourself, very often and thought how you could do them instead of the buffalo and the bear; and I could do some of onr girls coming down from the village for water, and over here I could do The Painter looked from him to the blank rock wall, puzzled. Then he made a flattening gesture with the palm of his hand. "But there is no magic in all this. Your pictures of rivers and such-like are not going to help the tribe to P.S. After the depression is over, and I can afford it, I expect to buy a shortwave set that will pick up B.B.C.

pro grammes. nave never neard one. Wheeling, W.Va., U.S.A., February 10, Italian Programmes To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian. Sir, I have followed with great interest the question of radio programmes as it has been discussed -in your paper. As regards I Tian broadcasts, they are, I find, generally good.

There are especially some opera and variety programmes which are excellent. The Italian stations are numerous, all important cities having a station. Many listeners have only small radios and get only the local station. The British programmes are -not unknown in Italv. The Italian stations have several times been linked up with tne jingiisn stations, so tnat ail Italian listeners could listen to some concert from London or to some other special programme.

On the other hand, some opera programmes from Italy have been broadcast by the English stations. I think that these common programmes should be more "frequent. Radio could be made more and more the medium for people of different nations to know and appre ciate each other. There is a reason why Italian listeners try the Central European stations more often than the English onesthat is, the nower of the stations. Having a small apparatus, we hear Vienna or Budapest or iTague (wnicn are very poweriuij much better than the English stations, at least from Trieste.

The Italian programmes are unfortunately spoiled with advertising between broadcasts, but some of the programmes offered by advertising firms aTe excellent. But 1 quite agree that no advertising at all is best, and listeners in all countries are, I am suTe, of this opinion. Yours, (Dr.) Marcello Maestro. Trieste, February 28. From a Luxembourg Student To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian.

Sir, You may care to hear the opinions of a Luxembourg student about wireless nrncrraynmpK. nraiso fn. their crood dance mnsin. nnrl tVipi-r Tioanti- ful organ recitals. English, German, and siauuiiz, urmg siuuem songs, speeches about hiking and cycling tours, and try to give an introduction to life at a university.

Eadio Paris broadcasts sometimes good sketches and theatre evenings, but, in general, English and German humorous programmes are far ucuci. a xo u-erman stations, detest the boring Nazi propaganda. Luxemhonrff's nrlvpr.Tcintr are not interesting at all. In such a mue town transmissions are not possible. Switzerland gives fine accordeon and yodelling concerts.

Yours, A Luxembourg Student. Luxembourg, February 28. THE WEATHER Forecast for To-day The Meteorological Office issues the following forecast for the period from 6a.m. to-day till midnight to-night: General Inference. Pressure Is Inchest otm SramhnaTia.

a feeble trough of low preisure is cioisiiig Great Britain. A pronounced wedM of hlch pressure off West Ireland is mOTing east, weather will become fine, exrept for local aborera In the extreme North-west. london. Light or moderate nortn-itesterlr rlnd; fine; ayerage temperature. 6.E, E-.

N.E. S.W., and N.W. England. nd N. Midlands, and N.

and S. Walcs.I.iEht or moderate north.westerlr wind; fine; arerace temperature. SE. arid W. Scotland -Light or moderate westerly -wind; fair or fine: nTerage temperature, Irish Sea.

Light or moderate north-westerly winfl: fine; cea eUght. I-ortlier Outlook, Fair or fine orer most of England and Wal and. perhaps South-east Dcociand. Sun rnM. XfnnM C.l.

To-dAy 6S2 5 50 5 20 p.m. To-morrow 6 49 5 52 6 36 a.m... 6 S3 p.m. Fpr everv ten milea north of Manchester eurut is earlier liy 12 seconds. LAMP-TIME FOB VEHICLES 6 20 p.m.

YESTERDAY IN MANCHESTER Whitworth Park Meteorological Observatory Sunday, March 3, 1935. Damp. Barometer Tendency: Iilslng. Tn-rtav. Yester.ti 1020-4 1.0U-7 Barometer.

9 p.m. (Millibars) i uuiuuar vuj iulci unit Ol OB TO metno pressure. One thomand millibars (0110 bar) equals 29 53 inches ol mercury On inch ol mercarr equals 53.86 millibar. Shade Temperatures. Hry 45 47 Dry bulb 9 p.m.

I 41 41 To-day. Yesterday Humidity (percentage) 9 a.m.... f5 82 Kainfail (in millimetres9 -7 Sunshine (hours) nil nit A COUNTRY DIARY Cumberland, Maech 2. On the narrow traverse at th fnnt. nt precipitous bank of the river cowered two otter cubs of the size of rabbits.

Thuv their distress, for they could get no ianner witnout slipping into the flood-water rushing past. Presently their mother, an otter of 171b. or coming from downriver, swam up to them. Drawing herself on i mini, can tne rata- parade, since this is the route the rats follow in the summer on their way to a corn she revealed herself a sinmlariv dart kJUC grabbed. a cub by its cheek, and, with the ournen dangling rrom her j.iws, crawled slowly up the face of a rock slab to a recess cigut leet arjove concealed by tufts of fern and herbage.

Having there deposited her cub, she slithered back to the river, swam again to the traverse, and treating the other cub in the same manner carried it also to the temporary lodging-place. And there all three remained, as far as we know, until dark. There can hardly be any doubt that these cubs, which we estimate to be eight to ten weeks old, were laid down in the mill drain on our aide of the tivpt Wo UOU UU suspicion they were there, but the mill lade has been full durine the floorla step ol the drain on which otters write their usuimres nas ocen under water. G. TV.

K. A NOTABLE MOON AND HIGH TIDES (From a Correspondent.) There are alwavs snmn icamieti about the new moon in early spring. Usually the quick appearance of the crescent in the twilight attracts most attention, and the new moon whicn. occurs early to-morrow (Tuesday) will be on view strikingly soon. If the western hofizon is clear.

This week, too, there will be 'a, succession of unusually high tides as the result of the rnmn'i perigee to-day ana the minor- effect' of the wno3e equatorial position; approxi mates to tnat 01 the moon. On the west coast tho tides on Wednesday and Thursday 'wilL be. onlv a littlo ftTiriTf nf 32ft. at some -Diaries. Tha onaetai wwwwx too, will have counterpart in many rivers streams np which the big tides will of tha effect, nf 'recent.

-weeks an' element of uanger is evident, president, opened the annual conference of the Metropolitan area of the British Legion in London on Saturday he said that the council no sooner heard of his intention of retiring from the presidency than they pressed the fact that it would be to the advantage of the Legion if certain negotiations now in progress with regard to unemployment in London could he carried to a conclusion under the present chairman. "So I consented to hang on so as to give the council a sporting chance of winding up one of the most knotty problems it has had to tackle for some years," he said. I am standing here for re-election, not for better or worse, but for the time being." Sir Ian Hamilton was re-elected area president, and presented with an album containing the signatures of all the council officers of the branches in the Metropolitan Admiral Sir Henry Bruc? was re-elected chairman. Major F. W.

C. Fetherston-Godley, national chairman, said the future of the Legion was bound up directlv with the question of employment for ex-service men, as tne years went on they Had to apply more time, money, and effort towards obtaining employment' for their distressed comrades. When men should have baen learning a job they were fighting for their country. Admiral Sir Henry Bruce, saying he did not wish any discussion on the subject, moved the following resolution': That this conference resents Mr. Lloyd George's gross attack on the personal character of our founder, Earl Haig, a man no longer able to defend himself." The resolution.was carried amid tremendous applause.

Mr. Hugh Kingdom, speaking at the dinner of the area in the evening, said there was a subversive section of the community in this country with a capacity for mischief who sought to embroil Britain in another wnr "Thnco who know from personal experience what war i6, ne saia. can t-est be trusted in the interests of peace." INDUSTRIES FAIR Striking Increase in Attendance The final attendance figures for the British Industries Fair, which closed in London on Friday, showed that 27,273 more people visited the fair than last, year. The figures are 188.156, compared wim in 1934. The number of home buyers was 135,320, an increase of 20,081, of overseas buyers 11,713, a derrease of 295, and of the general public 41,123, an increase of 0,587.

The apparent decrease in the number Of OVPrspaei hllvprj wli, fair.fr,m seventy-six said an uijiuyia on oaiurtiav, is explained by the fact that last year the engineering and hardware section of the fair WAS rlAlr) nt. iha com, nine ua LUC London. This year it opens at xuumwjcn on iuav 'M. It 's therefore highly satisfactory that alreadv the numher nf nrmnac limmrs visited the fair in London should verv nan.ln 1. 1 1 1 i i nave icai-uea iasi year total for the fair as a whole.

"In spite of the difficulties in the economic field, whipli prevail in many countries, the pulling me mir is increasing as tar as the overseas buyers are BROTHERHOOD SPIRIT ON THE ROAD Minister's Appeal A plea for the spirit of brotherhood on the loads was made by Mr. Hore-Belislia, Minister of Transport, in a message to St. Mark's Traffic Workers' Brotherhood, at their thirty-second annual parade at Ken- nington Uhurch, London, last night. The message, which was read hv tle.v T)r J. Darlington, president of the brother- noou, stated The traffic workers of London set.

a fine example of efficiency and courtesy. i mat mgii example were followed by every user of the road there would be no man nr-niriprir. mnKlm 1 kauj i HI lY quarter of a million of our people were wt juaiuicu nit; ruuus jasu year in thn VftRt. mainritv nf nncac nil the carelessness or selfishness of someone. ine spirit ot true Drotuertiood let us consider how much mav depend upon our actions on the road, and help to inspire well done." TO-DAY'S ARRANGEMENTS House of Commons: Debate on Sir fillip H31-tog on "Indian Education' Institute ol Guuiuaiopua now, 5.

Mr i. SteTonwi Tajlor on Causti ot Factory Sir Jolin Simon, Bristol. Norwood By-election Nominations. Sir Ci. Paiso at Scottish Liberal Federation Manchester and Salford Manchester County Court.

10 IS. Manchester Assizes (the loUowint; civil cases are down uEKiiug ucivro mi. 3111:0 zi iif-c iuu nun- a jury: Smith t. J. 11.

Dewhum, Limited; Hargrca.es v. Kdtnonson. With a common jury: Hope r. Blafeelj; Knowles T. Stewart and anatherj.

Assize Courts. 10 30. Road and Rail Traffic Act Public Inquiry, Arkirright House. 10 30. Manchester and Salford Trades Council: Unemployed uruae unionist iemonstranon.

Aiumme il lo Ardwick Green and Tlie Crete Dt, Sallord, to id arch to Whitworth Street West. Mr. Cecil Roberts at Kendal, Miles' a Library, rUansjmte. 3 15. Rcynl aiancheater Children'i Hospital: Ladies' Auxiliary Fund: Lord Colwyn, Midland Hotel, Manchester City Mission: Annual Meeting.

Honlds- orth Hall, 5 30 and 7. Manchester Literary Club Supper and Reception, Grand HotnU 6 30. Piatt liall Art Gallery: Dr J. Speoca on "Black and White Halls, and CoLces" 7 30. Church of Watia' and Strays' Society: Annual Meeting, Diocesan Church.

House Council Chamber, 7 3a Heaton Chapel Literary and Philosophical Society: Mr. C. Leonard Woolley oa Eica rations jn Ur the Belorsi Hall, Heaton Moor, 45. Practical Psy choicer Club: Mr. Garland Anderson ca Finding oar Place in Life," Memorial 7 45.

RaH6 Listeners' Association: Mr. W. Mellan6 on The Municipal Concerts," Central Library, 8. Leapao ol Nations Union: Mr. Barnard F-l linger on Peace and International Trade," Within ton TJf.C-A.: Mr.

whittrtw on Miacheitei Facts and PIiwj," 9. Sport Association FootbiD Bljrtbnrri Soren T. SIinchti City Eood l'ri, KUckbum. get more food. I see you have stiU a great deal to learn about painting.

You don't surely think that it 'was because I wanted 'to make trees and girb on the wall of a cave that I have given all my days and my son's to it? A fine thing! The tribe wants food, I said to myself when I was your age Both he and his son were surprised and angry when their novice, 'who had always treated them with respect, threw down his reed and paint horn and ran out of the holy cave into the open air, Patrick Caeietox. "A PIRATE'S HERO Greek Premier on Veniselos 'M. Tsaldari, v.m Prime 31. interview with Ifeutoi ironi Athens this morning, cxpi ti-i'e- conviction that the rebel ment -would be successfully supj: and order -re-established. "lie denounced tho veteran Veniselos, as only lit to be a pi heio.

RUMOUR OF JDE8TR0YERS ill COLLISION It is rumoured' in Ciibiaii.i i lleiiter. that tlie II '1 and H.M.S. "Witch involved in a slight, collision wi: i. other and that they -are going mi dock at, Gibraltar for inspection official naval quarters Renter nothing wa's' known oi incident. Early to-day -the Admiralty i inews of'1 the collision.

ESTMACOTT'S GRAPE ERTJIT SOSH. on the Marlcet A Hotels. 17. MJe DIGESTIVE PILLS from ACOT'l 'S -Kill cura jour troubles. 17, Market Street.

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS Announcements in this column are charge! at tL ratoot is. 6d. per line. All auch announcements znut be ant beutimtci hv the Dime a ad address ol tlie tender, a ad in tin: case ot rne cements by the EifiOaturei t'i jjrtie. Postjeo stamps or po-lal orders jn.ij ij lent in pamcut.

BIRTHS BE8ANT DA VIES -On Marrb 2. 193S. at W. lands, Broad Oak Road, Worsley, to tlie rile J. BiSAKX DA VI US, iL.b., a eou.

COOKE. On the 1st inlt at Fern Bank. JloUmii Jtoad. Slaljbudgc, to and ldra. Jl.

G. a dausbter. ROBERTS. On March 1.195S. at Red Bank.

Bur to MARY CHRISTIAN (nee Bridge), wile tDMUMJ KOBlittTS, a sou. DEATHS ATKINSON On March 1. at her residence, 321. Moss Lane East. Manchester.

MARY MU1R HANNAY. the beloved wile ol tne late Hobcn Watson ATKINSON, in her 89th year. Interment al Urmston Cemeteiy to-morrow (Tuesday), at 1 30 m. CARDWELL, On the 1st inst suddenly, at Ansdell. Brackley Road, FREDERICK, the hclotcl husband ol Itachacl A.

CARDWELL. oeed 54 Service at. St. -Paul's Church, Monton, 11 30.rn.Di, prior to interment at Southern Cemetery Ttlesdnv, 12 50 m. Inquiries Coop and Sons, Ltd.

Telephone Pendleton 1487. CIMPliAN. On March 1 at 26. Guest Road. Prcf- vmcii, -MiiiiAaniL-n, aaugnter ol 1110 lato Kev.

T. CHAPMAN, lirst vicar ol Christ Church. Chaddrr ton. Service at Christ Church Tnesdav, Marrh 1955. at 11 50 a.m., prior to interment al Chadderton Cemetery.

Inquiries Frestwich 1673 COUCH. On March 1. the Ret. ATVFRED Jiecior onst. uarnauas-s.

Oltthata Road, Manchcslcr. revered father of Mrs. X. le'G. Pynches ai Mrs.

Mould. At rest. GREEN. On Mareh 1. 1955.

suddenly, at Weitwrl Uigh Lane, JAMES ARTHUR, the dearly lv husband of Agnes (Cis) GREEN. Funeral will u'" Slace from the residence of his sister, 78, Bcerh load, Btofkport, on Wednesday the 6th ir antermnt at Christ Church. Woodford, twelve o'cIdik. Inquiries FroEsatts', Stockport. HASSAN.

On tho 3rd inst, nt lirr residence. 12 Rathea Road, Withiniton. DIAMANTINA. aid.r 1 the late Clemcnte HASSAN, her 73rd jfr Tntennent tin's day (Monday) at Che.Snanish zifl Portuguese Cemetery, Urmston, at 12 30 j.m The corteite will leive the nbove pddress ol 11 a.m. A train leaves Central Station for TJrmstna S-12'5 p.m.

Serv.ce villi to he'd each evening at 7 15 at i.2, Batnen Aoad. HESKETH. RICirAILD. beloved husband of Berlhi 11BSKETH (ne Aihprtt), paned peiirelully av.jy on Friday, March 1, at 65. WestsaU.

Hale. AHnn. -bam. Interment at Altrincham Cemetery to-morrow (Tuesday), at two o'clock. Mo mourning, by rcqii'i lng.ll.iies to Worthinitton's, Altrincham.

TeL 1242 HITCHEMOn March 2. 193B. at 10, Onille Bur'. Bumase. ANNIi the deay loved vrifo of the Ut, H1TCTIES, 78 years.

Funeral crvi. -at Christ Church, Bradford. Tuesday, a IS for interment at Philips Park Cemetery. 3 Inquiries F. Riley and Son, Besvriek, and Road.

Tela. East 0730 and Rniholme 2449. March 1. at 26, Park Road, EDITH ATWIB, dearly beloved wife of Jnnri HOUGHTON, and tbe dear mother ot Elsie, gi 'inland BfarjoTie. interment at Peel Green Ccmcui; Tuesday, March 5, at 3 30 Pm.

HULME. On tbe- 1st. suddenly, at 1- residence. 73, St. Margaret's Road, Heaton (late ol Park Side Hotel).

JAMES, the beloved of Betsy and the late James lniJJIE aied 2n years. Funeral arrangements later. Inquiries C-and Sons, Ltd. Tel. Pen.

1487. MILLUM-Mareb 1. 1935, tuddenly, at a nurnrs Annie Milium, of-48. Silverdlle Avenue. Westc'uie-on-Sea, Essex.

Senrico at Kanchesier Crematcrmai on Monday. March 4, 1935, at 11 a.m. Al' '-juinet Ameck -and- Brown, ttd Oldham a' Manchester. 'i 1. at 20.

Ruikin Hoad, -onsi-r-u. ELIZABETH MYERS, in her 69th Ser.i'. 1 30 p.m. at Wsw Street Wesleyan Chanh ihi oay (Monday) prior, to interment at Aitbnry 3 REOMOMDOn tho 3rd' at 77. AIein-1- Road Booth, Manchester, after a lonc-auHeni ness.

patientl7 barnm. ANNIE, beloved vrife, ol H. s. HEDMOSD and daughter of the Alfred AIsop. May she rest in peace.

Tnnuiries 1'yans and Gordon, Z.td. TeL Central 6727. WALKER On March 2. 1935. at his vnirt'r Westwood.

Snuth Reddish. Stockport, Alder-, FREDERICK WALKER. a(ed 79 at St. Mary's Church, South Rrddirb Wednesday the 6th at one-fifteen interment follovrinv; at Willoir Grme Reddish. Inquiries Froggatts' Stockport.

WALKER, On 1st at her residence. 1 Rectory Road, Higher CrumpsaU, MARY El.r WALKER, aged 87, widow ef the Iste Woods Walker. Service St. Mary's Church, Crurr. -ialL 1 SO vj.m.; interment Si.

Paul's, Kersal, 2 p.m., 5th inst. So flowers, by ienu' Inquiries Oliver. "Phone 2780 Cheatham WHCLfTONQn the 3rd at her residence. Wellington street. Gorton.

AGNES, tbe dearly 1, loredf.widow of Henry WHELPTON. rest. Service at Thursday the 7th ins' at 2 IS prior to interment at Gorton Cn -fZl AD inqriiries to -3d; Cheetharo, Tel. Bus.bolme .1540. WILD.

Op. thend, lost'at lCUJnore, Wood Lar-, Wigan, LYOIA WTU), igto Sont'--, TJOTt. at Santhnnrfc rTMnl at 13 15 p.m. Memoeiam remembrance of Mrs. H.

J. Ui-L-L- Yeara Toil never fades" Hilly. CfsesterjlelaV BramhaA Moor Issi, Hazel Grove. 'HEy beanllinl memory of Mother and Father, died -March 4, 1931, and Msrch 4. 1928.

XX, L. TilftES Ct. BHOOME, Funeral Director, DOWNING' 1. Asdwick 2902. All letters should be addressed either to tbe Editor or to the Manchester and sot to individnala.

1. The.iailor cannot lor the return so Jar nied when stamped and addressed envelopes 'are enclosed. JyJOHN KUSSELL SCOTT, LTBU llkj Gnardisn Building! SCrcM you may think of the work in detail, at was written by a master. Unfortunately "the critics of Denmark lagged behind public opinion. Criticism on the Continent is notoriously conservative and, unlike English musical criticism, unable to assimilate new idioms and styles.

Sibelius lias had to depend on English criticism for anything like understanding outside his own country. The absence of a great tradition in our country based on a long line of native composers of genius enables opinion to react freely to fresh influences. The Danish critics make the rudimentary mistake of discerning in Elgar the influence of Brahms. The Government journal, the Social-Demokraten," speaks of the Brahmsian flavour in the Elgar Violin Concerto. It would be interesting to have chapter and verse on this point.

Obviously the Danish critics had not heard a note of the concerto until last week. The Social- Demokraten even perceives a dash of Sibelius in Elgar. But there is some point in the critic's observation that Elgar has a 'national sentimentality decorated with sugar-plums." Those of us who know the greatness of Elgar know also the composer's weaknesses. We begin where the Continental critics end: Elgar's "faults" are part of his general style and are lost in the big and characteristic whole. The critic of tho Sooial-Demokraten is enthusiastic about Mr.

Hoist's interpretation. He plays the Elgar Concerto beautifully and puts a glamour on the music. We need not dwell on Hoist's tone and technique; we are content to place him amongst tne nnest of contemporary violin masters. It was a piece of marvellous violin artistry." ine POlitiken wrote condescendingly of Elgar. "It is an open secret," stated the musical critic of this journal, "that England has nothing to contribute to modern music.

The Violin Concerto of Elgar is synthetic, its quality is derived, but effectively presented. There is nothing in the work that is original and English in the sense that Pureell was original and But this critic praises Mr. Hoist's ner-' formance unreservedly in these words: "Mr. Hoist 3 playing put the ease for with the whole of his understaudirig-and authority as a violinist, and he eliminated that Sunday sentimentality which can be foiinH in the concerto at certain places, and is the only English contribution." The critic of the Be'rlinske Tidende" thinks that Elgar is a "laudable" com poser who lacks independence, he does not stand on Ins own legs." Here auain itm influence of Brahms is discerned. Pleasant moments are admitted in the andante, and aiso tnere is a recognition of the imaginative genius expressed in the cadenza.

But this critic asks: "Where is the English humour which we associate with Shakespeare ina jjicKensi JUr. Hoist's interpretation is described by the writer as masterly, clear, and pure. The whole presentation was that i of a great artist of the violin." The critic of the Dagens Nyheder is E. Abrahamsen, whose position in Danish musical scholarship is rather like that of! Professor E. J.

Dent in this country. He i commits some Humorous errors about Elgar, he thinks that Elgar is an impressionistic composer" who "has written many excellent works, especially his symphonies and organ works'' To single out Elgar's organ works as representative of his art is as though an English critic were tr Inv particular emphasiB on Bruckner's chamber music Abrahamsen thinks that the Violin Concerto is "diffuse in form" (every ereat aescriDea in the same words by those who have only half-k 4Va score). The themes are "too thin" to support the heavy instrumentation; "a certain sentimentality hangs over the whole -work relieved only by a popular folk-tune, which is always the core of English music." This cnuc praises Mr. Hoist on thn thinks his interpretation -was too "tasteful." Mr. Hoist's success in week was so great that he has already been engaged to play at the same concerts next winter.

He must play the Elgar Violin Concerto for us at a Halle Concert, where Elgar is as much understood as Sibelius and other foreigners 1 N. 0. EXAMINATIONS FOR CIVIL SERVICE The following" examinations announced Typists (open), March 19. Clerk typiBts, March. 19.

Typists (temporary), March 19. Assistant preventive officers, April a. Executive officers, April 9. April 16 reiegrapmsis (female). Assistant traffic superintendents.

April 30. jjay-7 examination, huortnand typists, May 14, Clerk shorthand typists. May 14 Writing assistant; May 16. Clerical assistant, May 16. Administrative class, July 25 and AuguBt 1.

Tf. i gnrinlx.J J.1..X. .7. mat examinations itt tne ivui, miuur auu -i: vw.lij uiencai ciassr, assistant inspector of taxes, third-class officer Ministry of Labour, officer of Customs and Excise. Full particulars concerning these examinations and classes in therewith, both in London and in other centres, can bo obtained from the Civil Service Educational Council, Parliament (Mansions, Victoria Street, London, S.W.

1. CATHEDRAL SERVICES UsUns at 11: Eruuoaj: at 3 30 Holy Communion. -Wetldxyi diflf'WT SO mltar notice. iptisia (SerocM msderai by mra't voted mlyl Mjtua: PWmei in Antfcfm 462, Gad. artjoraisBd fn ZUm ETTOKmY: Cobb com: wtton only ol the; worts fa the Anuiein-Dook will bo sung.

BAWB-RTl- vr -m manager of Messrs. and Smith's TlTrtf.Trc.rIa nnrl TTT-fvli-T' TTClf 1 '-it. iliiii A11U HCdVUlg XTI II I Leighhas died in Manchcater.Iiifirmary. He was. a brother of the clerk -of Leigh..