The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 18

THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN. TUESDAY, JULY 7. 1931 18 STOP-PRESS NEWS THE WEATHER OXFORD LISTS LETTERS TO THE EDITOR EMPIRE POLICY FOR INDUSTRY Forecasts for To-day The Meteorological Office issues the following forecast for the period from 6 a m. to-day till midnight to-night General Inlercnco. A complex shallow i'epresion covers the British Isles, uhilc a riice oi high prcsMire on the Eastern Atlantic is turning sIohK cist w.

aril. Weather ill be fair, apart Irom occasional showers locally and a posfibilit of thunder. London LirM or moderate variable winds; apart from occasional shower aud Taerhip? thunder; rather varm: local mist or fog carlv. S.1-. SAW, and and Midlands.

X. Walss. E. and S.W. or moderate variable iids; fair, apart from occasional ohouers Iccally and perliaps thundtr; r-ther varni: loca mist or lo- earlj.

S.W. EnpUud. W. Midlands, fi. Wales.

Moderate northerly v-imle, fresh locally: lair, apart 1rom showers in plice. and iwrtuipt titundcr; rather warm: local mUt or fee early. Irish Sea. Moderate northerly v.inds. 1z.it.

np.ir. irom occasional snoers i oca Hi, and peruaps thunder: sea moderate Further outlook Mainly fair. Sun rises, fet. Monn rises. Set.

Today 4 49 9 38 12 31 a.m... 12 59r.ni To-morrow 4 50 9 38 12 39 a.m... 2 12 p.m. For even" tn miles north of Manchester turn el is later vy 43 -pcmirts. LAMP-TIME YOll VEHICLES 10 38 p.m.

YESTERDAY IN MANCHESTER VLi1turth Pnik 01ienaliry. Monday. July P. 1931. Thunder showers; hriRtit mtfials.

lTiinnnnter Tendenty; rjllmg. Tn.d.iv. Yestenlav. Bammetor. 9 p.m (Millilwvr) l.CCi'S l.CCS'b fTlie millibar the international unit ot barometric rt-iirc.

Cue thousand millihais (one ban 2955 in rhe I iti ercu ry. ne inch ii mirLiiry equals 35.86 millibars. Sliade Temoeratures. To.dav. Yeit.

To-av. Yrt Dry hull. 9.tn.5.S fiO P3 69 Dr-hulli 9i.ni.57 ...60 Minimum 51 57 To-dwy. Yesterday. Ilmnidity fperccntace) 9 a.m.

95 9 p.m. E3 ItaiufAll (in millimetres) 5 2 Suiis-hlue (hourl 3 2 S8 42 40 MSM.T. THE HEALTH RESORTS bun- Itain- slunc. mil I.i. High- Kemarks.

THE COFFEE-MILL Caterina wanted to go down, to the market at Bordig'aera, but Carlo was so afraid she would spend money buying unnecessary things that he did his best to prevent it. Each week as Thursday came round he found some good reason why she was needed at' home or on the campagna. He had a shirt to be washed, or his second coat to be mended, or he wanted her to collect the olives which he was shaking from the trees, or to clip the rose-bushes before he sulphured them. However, one Wednesday the coffee-mill broke. You could not buy one in the little village shop, nor could you borrow constantly, as, of course, all want their coffee-mills every dav and at the same time of day.

Carlo admitted that it would be necessary to go to Bordighera to buy one, but said they could manage till Monday, when he was going down to pay taxes. Caterina pointed out that if you buy in the market you get things cheaper, and so Carlo, who was angry for a week if a neighbour could brag of paying less than he, reluctantly admitted that she had better go to next day's market. She started at seven o'clock for the two hours' walk to the coast, taking with her Giulia, the guardia forpstale's young daughter, all agog with pleasure at the outing They went by the steep and stony mule path which crosses the winding carriage-road again and again; they had to sit down several times, for Giulia was wearing her festa clothes, and her thin, high-heeled black and white shoes hurt her. She did not mind, for she knew they were elegant, and eo was her beautifully waved, shining black hair, and her coat with a light fur collar. "When they reached the marketplace, it really was a fine sight, full of inurement and Many-coloured ribbons fluttered from one stall, bright chintz parasols hung upside down on another, gay carpets and fringed shawls billowed away from a line, and magnificent bunches of artificial flowers were piled on a tall wooden stand.

Near them was a high wagon, from which a man, perched on one of the wheels, was producing plates and spinning them, two at a time, to another man, who was laying them in rows on the ground. The man on (he ground, seeing Caterina and Giulia, called out JIadaina Madamigella What beautiful plates-! What marvellous plates! Disastrous prices, Madania! Unbreakable for your children then, as Caterina shook her head, But Madamigella is going to bo married, of course she is, and then she will want plates, many plates He went on to say when and why Giulia would want many plates, and they both thought him very amusing, vny complimentary, and not in the least cmbarrassiri? but Caterina explained that they only wanted a coffee-mill. Flo lost interest in them, but his (ompanion on the wheel good-naturedly jerked his thumb over his shoulder, in an interval of and -said, in giu down ''). indicating a hardware stall at Hie far end of th market. A wtHidcn booth attracted them first, however, for in it a white-capped cook was frying balls of hatter, which he cillcd "gallettinc.

di Jlilann," proclaiming their excellence to everybody. 1 am really hungry after our walk," said Caterina. 'could eat one llrs. Mm. est.

cwt. Scnrlmmiih S'l 51 Bright LoctHt 5-2 0 59- 69 Vail HnstiiiRii 10 5 1 S3 Fir.o Kastl'Oiiriic. 10 4 1 55 f4 Fine llriKhtin 99... 7 ...5464.. Kino Bum iii-mouth 9'0 1 53-F5 Fim Torquay 2 5163 Hnnlit PC117BIH.C 4 2 2 5053 Bright Diulfilns 7 Jlnclit MnmvHinlie 2 51-64 Fair Blackpool 5-9 0 3...

52-64 Jair Siinthpolt 56 0 1... 51-62 Vair 6-5 51-63 Kulr Pn-stiityi 5-8 3 50-64 Bright Khjl 8-2 4S-63 Bright ColJ-n Hay 5'P 2 51-63 Bright Uandu.liio 4-4 5162 Bright 9-8 2 56-61 Fine WPktail.wiier.MBre. 5 8 5165 Bright 52- Rl Fair HarroRatc 5 9 13 5266 Thnnilrr Bintini 4-3 4 47-60 Jlri(jhl 6.hrnvfsliuiv 1 ...4868... Blight Loninlnptim 5'7 50 57 Bright Malcin 6-8 3 52-65 lair London (liln) 7 0 1 ...5670 Bright St. Andrews 9 2...

52-57 Dull 25-4 mm. 1 inch. GENERAL'S SON KILLED BY CRICKET BALL A verdict of death from misadventure was Teturned at an inquest at. Hove ves terday on John St. Geoice Bewes Ann-strong (16), a lirifihtcn collage boy, who died from injuries received at cricket practice.

He was the son of General St. George Bewes Armstrong, of Highiield, South Brent, Devon. It was stated that the boy was struck on the head by a ball that was hit over tho net. Death was due to hcniorrhdgc at the base of the brain. Chailes Biidse (87), of Darley Oiove.

Farnworth. died in Bolton Infirmary yesteiday from injuries received when he "was knocked down by a motcr-car in Maiket Street, Faimvorth, on Saturday. THE HOOVER PLAN Router's Paris correspondent states tli.it dl'tur the linal meeting at which the Hoover plan was agreed, thu l-'iciich and American nogoti.itois initialled Hie protocol rejroducin4' text ol" ilie basis of ajjieeinent. 'Iiie confertueu has ended in a which both Fieneh and Aniei ic.iiij. iiionouiH-e atisf-jt-toiy.

franec and the United Statua agieo to the piiueiples of the Hoover Tlan, and on the principle of the intangibility of the unconditional Young annuityy Thus both France arid America have their -way. It was learned- early tins morning that Lord Knntsford had been operated last night- at the. London ll-pital for abdominal trouble. The operation was carried -out successfully," it was stated, and Lord Knutsford's condition is quite satis-factory." CATHEDRAL SERVICES Malim at 11; Eicusode at 3 50. Holv Communion.

Weekdays daily at 7 SO a m. Hoi; Hays and Fridays tchoral) at 11 a.m. Baptiinu daily alter du noucc. Tuesday. MAtins Walfonl Daviea in Anthem, "3v glndnciB" (Cornelius.

Kvcnsonn Mac-Iihrriiiii in 1); Aiithcin 317, "In Thee, Iurd tWcldon. The Boaid of Inland Hevenue. in a loiter to W. Tuuiock, Heatou Norris. state that they are not aware of anv statutory provision prohibiting a tlerk to Commi-sionors of Taxes from actinc ai a solicitor to one oi those Commi-sioners.

WESTMACOTTS DRY GINGER ALE, mth the HKAI. GISCKR FLAVOUB. BAILEY'S NEriT-O'-CUPti SILHNCliU Alsn im-reasf I'nwer alul imiiroes any Car. Ai.mn.v wiiUks. in.iiriKi.

koau a.u.i-onr'- 7-OUR OLD JEWELLERY, TEETH, It payi host to Sell Uirect: no Iravollera: call 'l pat: slrirlly ccuuine and nnte 'M. Cen' 7550. S. CANN JL CO. 105.

MABKirT STREET. POST YOUR FILMS TO DEVELOP anil Pnl-NT a V.I'.K. or 2 Brownie lor Is. MAHTIN. Uicmist.

Soulhamptoti. DKAFNESS DROPS make you hear clearly and tharply. WriTMACOTTS. 17, Market St. S.

1031. at HENRIETTA IKjnitfNGTON. itln ol the late W. IkjrnngUin. ol 42, Lennox London.

S.W. 1. HARTLEY. On the 4th inst at Park Hospital. Davy, lllllmc.

FREDERICK, the beloved husband ol Florenia 1IAHTLEY. Interment Grindleton Wednesday. JOHNSTON. At Pino. 3257, Bclgrann.

Buenns Ayrs alter operaUon lor appendii iti. JOAN (five years), younger daughter oi Henry D. and V. Dorothy JOHNSTON, lornlurly ol naifl Grorr-, nr. Mc, LEIGH On the 3rd at The One.

F.iirliavrn. l.vtham. in nis 71kt year. JAMES BflDDINClTON I.FJ(;H. late ol Boddington and Lurfi.

Shuilehill. Manrhcstcr. Interment at Cherlham Hill Wnlevn Cemetery this day at 2 m. No flowers. Inquiries to Messrs Kendal, Milrto and Ot.

LUPT0N. On July 5. MARY. eWcot danghW of til late James Oahey LUPTON, ol Ashtm undtr-Ljn. in her 71st year.

Funeral from house ol her brother, J. T. T.upton. Craw lord House, Currier Lane. Ashton, 2 p.m.

Wednesday" Julv interment Dukinneld Cemetery 2 30. Friends kindly accept this intimation. MAS0H On July S. 1931. at hl residence.

14. Bering Gsrdeni, Didsbury. AMOS MASON. gcd 81 ears. Servire at Manchester Crematorium nn Wcdneidav 1 30 m.

Nn flowers, by special reauct. All inquiries Wm. Peacock. 'Phone 3397 DirUburv. MAYOH-On the 6th at her residence.

58. M'rfield Read. Pendlefn. TITJTII. the belnxed wile ol the late Thomas MAYOll.

aged 69 years. Interment St. John's Chur h. Irlams-o'-th'-Heiglit. Wednesday, twelve noon.

Friends plcajc accept this (the only) intimation. O'CORMAN. The luneral serviee ol Mr. V. T.

O'GORMAN will he hold at Hale Weilcjan Church this day 1 30, prior to Hale Cemetery 2 15. OPENSHAW. On the 4th iust. at 32. Dmught Lane.

Simnter Lane. Rb'xlef. JONATHAN, husband ol the late Margaret OPENSHAW. in his S3rf year. Interment Weaste Cemetery this dv ITuc day), at 2 30.

Inquiries to 8. Coope, M.U.U.A., Hcaton Park. 'Phone Prestwlch 2047. Jnly 6, at Oak Banr. Fairfield.

LILIAN, beloved wile ol Robert It. PICKLES. No flowers, by request. RIDOICK. On Jnly S.

at Ashley. Cheshire. ROBERT FALKNLTl RIIIDIr-K. in hu 84th year. By his wish, no flowers and no mourning.

Funeral private. SHELDON. On the 5th inst. at 443, Haslcy Iload. Editbaiton.

Birmingham. ABRAHAM JOHN SHELDON, aged 56 years (mnsiea! critic Birmingham Post Funeral, Hill Cemetery. Selly Oak. Wednesday, 3 15 p.m. STOCKS.

-Oo Jnly 3. 1931. aged 69 years. MARGARET ANN. the nearly loved ilc of J'-hn STOCKS, of Langdale.

Chester Avenue. Hale. Service at Hale Wesleyan Church Wedneeday, 2 30 p.m prior to interment at Hale Cemetery. 3TOTT- On Jnlv 5. Th" Elms.

Vale Road, Bow-don, ABRAHAM HENTHORV. second ton of the late Abraham Hcnthorn and Eliaa STOTT. ol Bow-don, in his 76th year. Irterment Bowdon Chnrch this day fTnefdayl at 12 15. Inooirics to Vlorthini-ton's, Altrincham.

Telephone 1248. STUBB4L On fir 5th iot. at 30- Ierb Road. -Withington, HOBFTT OLIVER, dearly loved liutban'l Mary Eva CTUBB and second son of the late Joseph StnMis. Interment at Brookland Ometery to-morrow (Wednesdayl.

at 12 50 p.m Further in. oniries to Messrs. nroome. nooning Street, Manchester. 'Phone 2902 Ardwick.

WALTON. On tb 1st in't s2i. Ifrvchdal Road. Vidrlleton. WILLIAM WAI.TOV.

and was interred at Wbeatley Lane Cerrctery. Nelson, on Saturday. In Memoriam lovirg memory of T. STANLEY GREENWOOD. cee.

Tieut. Manchester Regt, kilted in action July '7. 1916. Hay. BEATHS BOUQ TJ.E I 3.

PrSGLEY'S, SL Peter'8 HILTOX'S Marble "Works' (opp. Southern C'terv) M'm'ts. Prosses. Insrrln'n. 34Br Chorltno.

PATTESOS'S MONOMENTAE WORKS, 95. Oxford ltd, iron. S'th'n Cem Ph Ardwlrk3751 FYANS LTD. FUNERAL DIRECTORS. Ill Gt- Ancoata Street Man-heslw.

'Phones 6769 City. S716 Cent. JASfES C. BROOME, Funeral Director, 42. DOWNING Slid.

Ardwick 2902. or to The Manchester Guardian. and not to offered for publication, though, so far as when stamp-d. and addressed envelopes are enclosed. lor the MANCHESTER GUARDIAN EVENING Street, Manchester.

lucjday, July Final Honour School of Modern Languages OXFORD, Jvly 6. The following class list in the Final Honour School of Modern Languages was issued to-day: class I. 7. TCnirzht. Oriel (distinguished in FrenchA J.

Mahcnev. Krei ch Ka i hi ecu M. Aski-w. SomcrTiite ciistmcmshcd rcnth) Alice M. Burnett, Samerville (dtstmsuishcd trenvh): Norali M.

Gibbs. LaiW Mararei Hall. Preiion; Ninry Lee, Somerviile, French; Bervl M. Ijiiv Hail. German: orma P.

iheriLKk. iN.tnerville, Spanish nl French: Vnrcarct I. uaar nan, rrerun; -Mjn i wzumg. idiiiuiEuished in French I CLASS II. Bowden.

Merton. French: II. J. Brooke. Si.

John's. Prenr1 N. A. Burbridce. UniversU.

rench P. Fembrotc, trench inn Uema ii. i dtc. Uriel, kronen and ucniun (uistraccioni in French); R. N.

tjhle. Magdalen. German and vrcnen: w. ix coope Uriel, wncn ana uerraan; jn. An P.

Cooper St. Edmund Hall. French" A. H. Dancer field.

Queen's. Russian IrlUttnction in Russian. W. K. Davis.

Queen's. FTcnch: K. A P. l.vans. St.

Peer's HalL French and German, Ha lien stein, wnclhira 'nitinction in German: L. 11 ir- ev. St. Peter Hl French and Snimsh. ii.

li. Kent field. St. Exlmund Hall. Gcrm.in and French G.

Kershaw. Lincoln. French: Dotd-Jones. Brasenose. French; I D.

Mackenzie. Oriel. French anil uerman: McMullrn Jesus. French: C. M.

Martin Oriel. Frenrh and German R. M. Morenn. Yei er, renin ana npanish; J.

c. Mevcnsn. Christ Chu ch (distinction in tnini: t. roncmachc. St.

Catnennj I distinction in I in ran tv. Vnum. John (rite, tiiti tion in French); II. A. Wrenn.

Christ Chimb, French and joaii uainDridge. soraomiie, trencn; Muriel ueni- son. society ol 0luril Hone students, lrcmh; Toenhine TL CTalctitt. Oxlr.rri Ham Students. Unrothr Chell, St.

Hush's. Frem Maude CIcAc iny nan, rrtrncn an.i anamu: t-ciitn j. Cooiier. fat Iluch's. French Rosalind 1 St.

Hilda's. Frpnch: Helena IT" Vlt rher. nfnrd Ho-ne Students. French; Diana. 11.

Grey. St. Hugh's (distinc- caret Hall. German and French Marraret llele. St.

Hilda's distinction in Frenchl; Failh O. W. Ilrare. miKo iiitsurtcii-in in i-re'icn; sr. Hons, at Hilda's.

French: GLiths Oven. Somervilie Idis uitrtiun i-rencn; i.ieanor urner. sonic mae, German and French; Patruia M. Talbot, St. Hueh's French; Beatrice M.

Tcjler. Lady Margaret Hall. i- iciii-u ani-y vx. mm, UTiorri no me aiiinenis. French: Phllis R.

Upward. Lady Margaret Hall. Youns, Sonirrw'le. German. CLASS III.

Atkinsm-Blnvhinrl Vvrlrr TS-nni wurl apanisn: u. ijarnweii, Keble. Irciich nti German; iv d. om Kiaau, i.tncoin. trench: u.

U. Urahmn, OllCCn 5 Tc-nch and Cormnn ip nfiv ll'n. rester. Trench; V. St.

John's. Freiich and fiei mar. Lander. lrtn.i unit renin: J. Mead ht.

Jldrnund Hall. French and Germsta; H. Ma-idaleu. french and Spanish idi-tii-ftion Frcnrhl A Keatc, Oriel. wwrn -it.

jcicr Krencn nid iierma-v A h. liomld. Oriel. French and German (distinction in 1 rench) li. Sullivan Fxctrr.

Germ.in aim l-renrn Wave. St. nund Hall German and Mar McdhnrU. St. French: Marr Rabson Oxlord TTiuo French: Roberta M.

Sntall, Oxford Heme Rt" dents. French; Edith M. Sut chile. iiuiiiv j-rencn CLASS TV. H.

W. Hnslccn St. Prter'-e TIjiTI Frenrh Tl .1 Tsinav. Wadham. French and German: ti A.

Ivedav Maedalin. Snnnish and French: J. Smith. Hertford Frencl; C. P.

B. stcott, Mcdalcn. Trench and Winifred II M. Campbell. St.

Hilda's, French. Exhibitions The Bracegitdle Trustees have elected the following to opeij exhibitions of 30 a year for three years: John D. Rainbow. Roval Grammar hnn. i on ester, mndcrn Albert s-crimtliaw uuecn Man.

Grammar Walsall, rlassics Vincent Hanson, at. LatheriDes Society, classics The delegates of St. Catherine's Societv have elected tlie following to exhibitions ot Jt-iu a year lor three years: Henry S. Jarvis, Tey; School. Cambridee, modern irtiiKimgcsi ivor i.

Atiani5, i-yuney rseconnary acnoai R.S.P.C A. MEETING SEQUEL Summons Granted Against Sir Robert Gower Mr. Alat-dair Alpiu MacGregor, the Seottisli untlior. airain renewed hi application at Bow Street Police Court yehtciddy for 'summonses against Sir Robert Gower, M.P., chairman of th R.S.P.C ami against the secretary of the society for alleged assault at the iecent annual meeting of the Society MacGregor alleges that at the meet ing he was attacked and ejected by uniformed ofheers of the R.S.P.C. act ing under the orders of the chairman, who had been in consultation with the secre.

tary. The Masitrate (Mr. Graham Camp bell) at the two previous applications asked to be supplied with a wiitten statement of the alienations. and yesterday he said he thought there was a prima facie case against the chairman hut not aeainst the secretary. He would therefore grant a summons against the cuairmnn, riir jtooem uower.

It is understood that the summons is returnable at Bow Street on Thursday July lli. A COUNTRY DIARY July 4. A correspondent writes to the "Field" complaininff of the almost total extinc tion" of the hutcher-bird he -writes from Kent. In our northern shires the red- backed shrike is so rare that fluctuations in numbers would not be noticed, but it is interesting that the day before I read this complaint I heard from a friend in Xorfolk that he had three nests under observation near his house. The shrike impales its victims on thorns and occasionally on barled wire to aid it when dismembering them.

My friend sent me various bloodstained fragments which he had taken from thorn-bushes near two of the nests. One l'air had killed two robins and a shrew, and the other an apparently mature linnet and hedge-sparrow and a young chaffinch. A foot was all that was left of a chick, I fear a partridge. Pellets contained wing-cases of beetles, and one bird was seen carrying a humble-bee, and near the third nest was a decapitated yellow wagtail. Gamekeepers insist that this passerine bird is a kind of hawk, and some of its habits remind us of the raptorial birds; therefore they destroy it whenever they get the chance, but evidently they have not exterminated it in all parts of Norfolk.

Some people dislike the shrike because it kills other birds they do not mind when it eats mice or beetles. Some people- would like to rearrange the whole scheme of nature; it is as well that they cannot. T. A. C.

of the most disastrous economic catastrophes to which the world has ever been exposed. xours, Geoffrey Biddulph. Steyning, Sussex, June 30. Our Financial Editor writes: Mr. Bid-dulph is 'so keenly aware of the eorrela-- tion between gold or metal supplies and price movements in the past that he seeks to rush us into an acknowledgment of changes in metal supply as the normal cause of changes in' the price level.

At certain junctures we agree that it -was a cause. But it seems common sense that at other times the opposite has been true. Gold supplies have been -augmented because of the rise in prices and so in the real profits of mining. Professor Mortara emphasises, as we think Tightly, that the physical supply of gold is no longer a very important factor in determining the volume of credit, and that the recent price fall nas been too sharp to be explained by a gradual decline in gold supplies, so gradual indeed as to be questionable. A fanatic is one who perceives a single truth too clearly to be aware of its background.

Gaining control over monetary system is as muck an aim Professor Mortara or ourselves as of Jlr. Biddulph. BRYNMAWR CAMP A Successful Social Experiment To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian. Sir, You have already devoted some columns of your space to describing the interesting work which is now being undertaken by university students and members of the Civii Service at Bryn-mawr. Perhaps, therefore, you will allow me a tew lines in which to say-that I visited the students' camp last week, and was very much impressed by the success and the potentialities of this social experiment, students from Eng- lanu ana waies and trom seveial European countries are working side by side with local unemployed to build, by means of unpaid labour, a swimming bath, paddling pool, and public park, which will become the possession of the community.

Every student of social affairs will watch with keen interest the results of this international co-operation in an effort to awaken the spirit of community in a town which has borne during recent years a burden of chronic unemployment unsurpassed anywhere. Many of the students are not only freely giving up weeks of their vacatioji in order to do unpaid work for seen hours per day, but are paying their own living expenses as well. Others are not able to afford to do this. Their expenses have to be met from funds contributed by well-wishers. The community of Lagarde in Switzerland, in which similar work of reconstruction was recently done by the Service Civil, has contributed 143 to the work of beautifying Brynmawr.

Other donations have also been received. But the organisers of the work are still receiving offers of help from students who are willing to sacrifice part of their holidays and travel at their own expense to Brynmawr. The work is thcte to be done; the students are ready to do it but there are not sufficient funds to pay their living expenses. Workers are being fed for the very small outlay of 8s 6d. per week it is simple fare Hhen I told these facts to some of my colleagues they immediately volunteered to make financial contributions, iobody has asked me to collect a fund but if any of your readers would care to render help to this work I would gladly transmit their gifts to the organisers of the camp.

Contributions should be sent to me at University College, Cathays Park, Cardiff. Yours, tt H- A- MaRQUAND. University College. Cathays Park, Cardiff, July 5. To the Editor of the Manchester Cuaidian.

Sir, Your admirable article of July -2 on the International Voluntary fcSer'ice Camj at Brynmawr has called the attention of your readers to an unusual experiment in peace-making and bocud service. For the last week students and others from Britain, America, and the Continent have Iipph unvtinn tcgether with eople of the district to improve the amenities of a town wbieh has suffered greatly from the effects oi tne industrial uenressuri. A j.t. "cau; jn miis snoit time an lrcieuible amount, of work has been dune on the park and suimining-prml now under construction, and the neighbourhood is astonished at the untnusiasm and efhcirncy of the volunteers. Toseth er with thf volun tary workers from the town, they are bringing to the district a new conception of the jny and privilege of oluntary work.

The volunteers and tne people ot Brynmawr aro beeommu good frit-nds, in spite of the language difficulty. Krouts (iuides, and miners' wives worked hard to prepare the dorimtorK's. and are still helping in -riy possiuic way. i tie reception on Wednesday ecnmg organised by the peopie oi tiiu town was si icinarkable Afim- wpI coining each utuiueer with enthusiasm and listening: to some nf the learlfi-s explaining the movement, the whole of that crowded gathering pledged itself to ork for peace and friendship Dctv.pcii nations. we still need financial Help.

ho i'fndv rripoiiKe to ou appeal for volunteers has been trilmte to the 'dcalism of modern youth, and we have Iicjmi obliged to rettise many offers ot heln hiinnlv for lack of funds. We onlv nerd 9nn in keep the camp going until the end of neptemner, but, sluill to close down tour or five weeks unless more money comes in. Contributions mav be sent to the hon. treasurer, iliss M. Larslake, High wood.

The Drive. niibledon, London, S.W. 20. People nere are doing their best. The volunteers who can afford it are con tuouiinir in monev as well as in service, and the teachers of Brynmawr 1 i 1:1 iiciit; uctiuuu to uli iiKewise, worKing in the evenings after school hours.

Many others are doimr their share. But most touching of all has been the gift of a parcel of clothes for the use of the camp, woven bv Armenian refugees in Aleppo, bearing their national colours "Crimson of the martyr blood, blue of the sky, and gold ot sacrince. iney write: May your work also, founded on sacrifice. bright with hope, be crowned with light. lours, Pierre Ceresole, President.

Peter Scott, Vice President. JIarraret Carslake, Hon. Treasurer. Kitty Lewis, Hon. Secretary.

International Voluntary Service, Brynmawr, South Wales, July 5. ALLOWANCES FOR FAMILIES Miss Rathbone's Address To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian. Sir. In your otherwise admirable report of conference on this subject there are a few mistakes and inadequacies, due doubtless to compression, which may cause considerable misrepresentation, so I hope you will allow me to correct them. I did not say that I "saw no prospect of fan ily allowances through taxation," but that I saw no immediate piospect of this.

Nor did I express a belief that "the best way in the circumstances would he to try to get schemes introduced piecemeal into industries on the equalisation fund but merely outlined the three alternative methods of financing family allowances namely, wholly through taxation. through social insurance, and through employers' equalisation funds, and discussed" the pros and cons, economic and political, of each method. The TFamily Endowment Society, for which I was speaking, aims at investigating and discussion of all three methods, but is not committed to any of them in preference to the others. Filially, 1 did indicate that, owing to the danger that family allowances introduced at a time of falling wages ndght lie held responsible for the fall. the best time to introduce such schemes would really be when wages were tending to rise But, far from suggesting that the matter should be put off till then, 1 tried to show that the veiy graity of the present situation calls for efforts to make a moie scientific and humane use of our shrunken resources.

It is signifiean' in this respect that France and Belgium have chosen the present peiiod to make their schemes of family allowances universal and compulsory. Yours, Eleanor F. Rathbose. 40, Romnev Street, Westminster, London, S.W. 1, July 6.

GARDEN CITIES AND LAND TAXATION To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian. Sir. It is a misfortune in the iicht over the Budget tax on land values that the advocates of land values taxation, oi sinsle taxei'5 as we aie called, have been made to appear in the aspect of enemies of education, religion, charity, spoit, and now, by the lettei of -Mr. W. Lottus Hare, we aie shown as the enemies ot the garden cities movement This is because so iiiunv leading ueoule have ignored, moie oi less deliberately, the history and the nhilosophv ot the sinsrle tax move ment inauKuiated bv Henry Georee.

Had it not been tor this conspiracy of silence it would have been better understood that the taxation of land values is advocated nifct because it will break down land monopoly and thus leiuove the main obstacle to the prosperity ol educational, leligious, charitable, sporting, and garden city movements. 1 am wntinc specially to draw the attention of Mr. V. boftus Haie and his xaulen city tiiends to the fact that there are in existence a number of single tax garden cities, or enclaves." There are, for instance, laiilione, in Alabama Vulen and Arilentown. in Delaware: lananto anil blukerton, both in Massa chusetts; besides Fiee Acies and Halidon other parts of the U.S.A.

Also there is bant Joiui, in the little Fiee Trade, independent republic of Andoira. in the Pyrenees. Some of these were established more than thirty veins aso. All of them aie successful financially and are rowing in aiea and population. Thev are all founded on single tax principles hy single uixeis.

I lie rent- are assessed on land dues only, and from the common land values levenue all internal municipal expenditure is met. and all Statp and Eedeiiil taxation is also paid out of the sump ruiid. and any balance is used to neet the cost ot various social nnipnitin These enclaves show that garden cities iiie wciwyn and L.etehwoit need have nothing to fear from the application of single tax piinciides either within their own boideis or by the national Govern ment. Ilie land values fund of such important oenties of residence smd in dustry should prove ample for all internal expenditure and also to meet the just claims oi the whole community of which these places torm a part. Yours, Douglas J.

J. Owen 651, Didsbury Road. Hcaton Mersey, July C. To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian. fcir.

It seems that Mr. W. Hun- would have preferred the defeat of the novei nment with the use of a ffp.nernl election and the loss of the land tax to the imposition of a financial burden of 2,000 a year on the owners oi jetcnworth and Welwyn gaulen cities. ne story is tolit ot a hcottish co-oneratn who indignantly refused the gift of a ham bone from the stores manager brcaupe it would dcpiive her of the divi- aena sue would get it shf purchased it Mi. Haie indisrnant.lv nmisik nrmicf change in the law which will make' the development of garden cities vcrv munh easier in the future, on the giound that itiose who are hnanciug the existing garden cities may be injured by the.

removal of such difficulties as thev have succeeded in overcoming It is no longer necessiuy to argue that a fax on land values, properly applied, makes land cheaper; the opposition to the tax is sufficient testimony to its tiuth. But in his letter Mr Haie lecognises this economic fact when he says that thG tax may lead to the selling of vacant U-nd. and ignores it when he suggests that the tax will eventually be mi iu ine tenants oi nouses and lactones in mcieased rents. Obviously I lie tax will only burden the owners if limy pay it; equally obviously the owners win not ne ifimc'l hy the tax if hpi tenants pay it Peihaps Mr. Hare is too busy a man to dip into economic theories, but he can satisfy himself as-to tt-tiHh ot these mutually ilestructivp ineoiies is the right one without much ettort.

Let Inm consider the effect of me tax in toicing vacant land in garden cities and cUewheie into good use and increasing flip snnnTv nf factories where they are needed. Having done that, he will confine anv future criticism he may wish to make to the simple and indisputable fact that a tax on land values is a deduction from rent and is paid by the landowner whether be he a duke, an industrial magnate, a city company, or a private person. And if I may offer a woid of friendly t.iuiioci iur. nare it is that no examination of the policy nf land ta-iro. tion is complete or convincing which leaves out of consideration trie putable moral right of the community tO arnronilate bv tn-raHnn trio Tov, values which are due to communal needs and activities wherever those values are or wnoever may be the 'owners.

Yours, Arthdr H. Weller. riccanniy. Manchester, July 6. PRICES AND THE GOLD SUPPLY To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian, Sir, Does vour 'Financial Kriitnr Professor G.

Mortara, whom he quotes yum suco. rensn really imagine that Dr. Cassel and the eminent authorities who support him "forget" that other means ot payment are based on gold and that concentration of the monetary gold jn the central banks has enlarged the basis The fact, remains that, oomnarisrm of the fluctuations during the sixty years before the war mi inose in the relative supply of gold shows that only for periods of less than a very few years Hialf a ciedit cvclel have factors other than the relative gold anected tins level ot prices. The relation was naturally broken by the general abandonment of the so-called gold standard during the war. but it was resumed at a different level after the return to gold in 1925.

May I refer your uuauciai editor and otners ot tne same persuasion to Dr. Cassel's estimate of the post-war relation in the bkandma-viska Kreditaktiebolaget for January, 1931? If Professor Mortara has no better criticism to offer than the preposterous suggestion that "nobody nas yet, ex plained why the decline in prices should have been witnessed first in some of the countries most wealthy in gold." it is difficult to see the value of his pro nouncements. In fact, the fall in prices was dela-ed in the United States and France, but tbp world level of nrimary prices depends on world supply- and demand for gold and not upon the hoard; oi gold in particular countries. Your headline Gold fanatics rebuked is ludicrously inappropriate applied to those critics who have emphasised the idiocy and danger of the present monetary basis on the contrary, the term ''gold fanatics" is peculiarly applicable to the practical men" who, in the words of Dr. Cassel, by their resistance to every to gain control over our monetary system, have helped to bring about, intensify, and prolong one Sir Arthur Duckham on Co-operation THE INEFFICIENCY OF RATIONALISATION Sir Arthur Duckham, president-elect ot the Federation of British Industries, anJ a member of the recent F.B.I.

Mission to Canada, was the principal guest yesterday at the last luncheon of the season of the Manchester District Branch of the F.B.J, air. Lennox B. Lee presided. Sir Arthur Duckham, who described Empire trade as the surest hope for the future and spoke of the efforts of the Mission to Canada to extend that view, said that since the war and owing to the war industry had been inelinfd to wait for the Government to take action in this direction. But no action bad been taken and no strong policy formulated.

Personally, lie felt that the woild depression to-day was teaching us (and oui Dominions) more economic facts than we should ever have learned otbeiwisr. An Economic Conference We had failed to get a really true economic conference between the Dominions, and what the Federation wa now attempting, in conjunction with the Associated Chambers of Commerce, the Chambers of Shipping and was to formulate a real Empire policy for industry in this country. He believed thev would have the sympathy of the Trade Unions Congress with "them in their investigation of economic facts, and they hoped by getting facts together to carry tluoujrh to the Government an opinion that would lu.ve the weight of all indutiy behind it. The line of contact, suggested in the Canadian Mission report was that it was right they should go on with their industries, but that it was not right that they, as parts of the Empire, should penalise themselves by endeavouring to carry on industries not suited to them because ot their lack of population, or that there should be high tariffs against certain imports which niarlp the cost of living so high in those countries as to affect the cost of their primary product. Support had been found for the idea that industrialists in this country should co-operate in the examination ot these possible markets.

These naturally varied with each Dominion. It should be realised that the manufacturers in the Dominions intended and would continue to manufacture such lines as their country called for jnd which could be manufactured economically, and that theie was a borderline of goods which they would continue to make, but for winch the country was not quite so ripe as lr as demand went. Then there were the goods the Dominion could not manufacture economically, "and which (said the we would like to see imported entirely from the home country. Co-operation Possible Co-nperation of manufacturers in this country and those in other countries Is possible, and if this association is worked up, I am quite certain that instead ol there being any opposition on the Dominions' pait to the importation of these specialist goods from this country, there will be full co-operation, and that, you will get the Government-, of thti Dominions piepared to give increased preferences to British goods." He was certain that textiles, both cotton and woollen, Canada would rather take those lines she could not manufacture herself fiom Great Biitain than from the United States. On the point of the Canadian textile development that, whs warianted by her population, the speaker raid that some Lancashire people might be more valuable to the Empire in Canada than in Lancashire.

Speaking of rationalisation "one of the most hoirible words ever invented Sir Arthur asked if there was anything more inefficient than these large semi-idle factories of America. Uermauv, and France. We should be glad that after the war we bad not the money, didn't boriow it. or get it in reparation, to build these huge units of pioduction which were such a weight on the commie of tn-day. Our countrv would go lorward on much saner lines with sinallei units of production witli the real personal element running through them.

The inefficiency of rationalisation w.is fiier seen 10-tiay man it could nave H'en in anv other circumstances, and hp thought it was a warning to this country. Ualionalisation was a road to nationalisa tion, because the colossal unit could he caily switched irom one thing to the other. TO-DAY'S ARRANGES! ENTS Holse of Commo-i Coilmines rtill: Housing (Rura1 imiionui. Kcsnmtion; consumers Cnumil. Money Resolution of l.or.ls Coalmine Hill, Marrnices (Pro hibited Degree.

Bill, Kcnding and other Dills National Union ol Kojnl Agricultural Show. Warwicl: unlll July 11). Hojnl Salutary Institute, Glasgow. Museums' Association, Annual Conference at Fl mouth. Visit ol American Ambassador and Archbishop Canterbury to Boston.

Lines Annual Meeting ol National Rifle Association, lilsie. Congress ot Univertities ol the Empire, Edinburgh. Manchester and Salford Chancer- ol Lancashire. Before the Vice Chancellor. at the Assize Courts.

Manchester, 10 45 a.m Further Consideration: Bennett r. Cattermole Action tor Trial: Leeming v. Barlow. Manchester Com tv Court. Manchester Assizes, 10 30.

Traffic Commissioners INorth-westcrn Area)- Sitting'. Town Hall. 10 30. Manchester Corporation Electricity Department: Demonstrations ol Electrode Steam Raiser and Electrio Hot-water Circulator. Demonstration Workshop.

Dickinson Street. 12. Central Hall Midday Service: Iter. F. IV Wiseman, Henshaw's tnstitntion for the Blind: Lord Derbv to preside at annual meeting Governors, the Institution.

Old TraHord. 2 30. Municipal School of Art: Opening ot Exhibition ol Junior Department Students' Work bv Mr T. Ti Barlow, High School of Commerce. Princess Street, 3 ICxhibltlon 10 to 9 until July 16).

Chnstie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute: Laving foundation stone of Christie Ilcspital by Lonl Derby, of Holt Radium Institute bv Ladv Holt, and nf Nurses' Home bv Mr. F. P. Nathan Wilnslow Road. Withingtnn.

3 15. Hartley College, Alexandra Park: Reception br Lord Major and Lady Mayoress on occasion of the tbilee. Town Hall. 7. Sport Crii-Vet: Lancashire t.

Middlesex. Old TraMord 11 30; Oxford t. Cambridge, at Lord's. made of yellow wood, with metal caps and curled handles. "You know," she said, "it is a pity to spend money unnecessarily, and my Cousin Tomaso says he can mend the old mill quite well.

In fact, I took it to him last night, and he says it can be mended before we get back to-day." But," began Giulia. who was young and thoughtless, and then, being Italian, she remembered her manners and corrected herself of course it would be a great pity to buy a new one if the old one will serve. How clever of Tomaso Then she put which was all she had left, into the red bag of the dog standing by his legless master's trolley-chair. The man gave her a piece of pink paper with her fortune on it, and blesset them both so loudly that Catsrina also gave him a coin. They then "went home, calling in at Tomaso's cottage ou the way to fetch the coffee-mill.

M. de B. D. BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS Announcements in thew columns are charsed at the wt ol 1. 6d ret lin All such anTJOtincments must be authenticated b' the nnme aod adflrcw tne ocuJer.

Postal ttimpt or postal orde may be seat in payment. and as Giulia agreed that she could too, (hey each bought one. and weir very pleased because they cir-cumvcnted the cook in his attempt to give tlieiu slale galli ttc. They made him take them sti. light ftom the frying-pan, and though 'thev burned their mouths, that was bettor than letting a Mi In est' get the better of them.

An man was standing hy the Mall with his little white cart, and when they clapped their hands to their mouths and cried i.ul "Oh. it burns' he told them that, they had better hae an ice. They followed his advice, and 1 handed out, a pink-and-whitc mixture sandwiched between wafers. Thus refreshed, the two started once more toward the hardware stall. But on one.

-iiie of the way was a most alluring i table spread with beads of every pos-Jible shape, size, and Yon could hardly expect a young girl like I ml in, to pass it by, and Caterina. laud soul, helped her choose and haggle, and theio were so manv to i moom' Horn, and the seller was so busy r.v::iir to ileal with three or four at once, that this took quite a long tune. )lv monev is noarlv all gone'" said Guilia, ruefully, "and I reallv do v.ai;(a pair of stockings I'' "Yrs, you should always get stocking when there is opportunity to do so. advised Caterina, who was one of those people, who like helping other people to spend monev almost as much as viMHuiig themselves, if not, yon will siitcly spend double when you re-qturo them. Here there are plenty of stoi-'inigs." There certainly were, and men and women vendors shout ins themselves Hoarse, bragging about the marvellous cheapness and durability and beauty of their ware.

lire a pair! Disastrous prices cries a man. Four lire, lour lire, four lire screams a woman. Thev cost eight Imt just to get rid of them one is selling at four Marvels and miracles Stockings at four lire a pair! Whoever heard of such a thing? It is of the other world Caterina and Giulia began to pick up some stockings and disparage them. lliese heels are not modern," remarked the young girl. Iheve is no wear in added "Thev will last an eternity!" exclaimed the vendor.

Thev are eternal most eternal i "ought some at Nice cheaper and wisning to snow that she had travelled "French exclaimed the woman, natrioticallv slini.tpr) irn certainly it you like French stockings. iut I bought a pair at Nice, I put them on because of the dogana, you understandand, believe me, there were holes as large as your fist, as large as your face, before I reached Ventimiglia mi -inis argument was so conclusive that jjiuna oougnt two pairs of silk stockings and Caterina a cotton pair and a pair ot socks for Carlo. She then niuiiiuiiuiii saucepan ana a statue ot tne at the two-lire stall, a mat with a rrir-tm-p nf Sf in Rome, and a bottle of stuff that takes inic out ol sheets, this being clearly oy an amazingly smart and glib-tonsrued voiine man. Here are the coffee-mills," said Giulia. who, for her part, was not particularly fond of seeing other people spend money when her own wns finished, and was beginning to think of the long walk which had to be done oefore they could get their dinner Caterina glanced at the piles of mills.

BIRTHS EGLIN. On Julr 5, at 27. Virtoria Boad. Pendleton, to Mr. and Mrs EGLIN, a dUKhtr.

GUEST. On Julv 5. 1931. to Mr. and Mrs.

JOHN Gl'KST. Ingle ood, AlknnRton. Green. Muldlctun, a son. MooCAIG.

On July 4, at Northb.de. Bovdtm, to Mr. and Mrs ALEC. N. MacCAIG, a son.

0GDEN On the 5th inst to MARY (ne Hobinson), nile oC CLIFFORD OGDE.N, a ton. PATTERSON -On Julv 3. 1931, at 7. Athol Road, Aiexmdra Park. tr Mr.

and Mrs. A. W. FATPEIWOSf (oi Nairobi), a daughter. RHODES.

On Julv 4. at 14, Hartington Chorlton-cum-Hardy. to Mr. and Mn. G.

L. RHODES (ne Vera Bush), a sou. WOOD. On July 4, at Broad Oaks NursinR Tfnm. Hale, to Mr.

and Mrs H. K. P. IBouther) WOOD (neo Nancy Williams), a daughter. MARRIAGES DAWE-DOHERTY On Julr 4.

Chrut Church. Wait Didsbur. bj the Rev. N. Gilei, rector.

A1.FRED DAWB. ol Nottingham, younger son ol Kdard Bae and the late Mrs. Dftwc. ol Mile End. Stockport, to 1LEEN.

youngest daughter o( Mrs. BOllERTY and the late Georee B. Doherly. ul Withinnton and late ol Ansdcll. July 4.

at St. David's Church, Fenrhn Bay. Llandudno, by Canon LI. Daviei. M.A..

and the Rev. H. Daniel. JOHN ELLIS-JONES to MARGARET MAUDK. wido ol John MAHONEY.

L.D.S.. R.C.S.. Manchester. FLEMING FALLOW. On July 4.

at Bethesda Chanel. Moss Side. JOH5T ALBERT, elder son ol Mr. and Mrs Robert FLEMING. Ladybarn Crescent.

Withineton. to MARY HENDERSON, daughter ot Mr. and Mrs. Robert FALLOW. NewbicRin-by-the-Sea, Mr.

Walter Lister, ol Bediicgton. officiating. JONES-LEWIS. On July 4. at Soutbport Welib Presbyterian Church, by the Rev.

G-. Jones, HUGH THOMAS, son ol the late John Morns JONES and Mrs. Jones, ol Whitvorth Parle, to BUDDUG ANN, ol Soutbnort, daughter ol L. J. LEWIS and the late Mrs.

Lewis, ol Liverpool, WHITING-BARLOW. On July 4. at St. Margaret's Church, Holyrood. Preitvlrh, JAMES, eldest ton ol Mr.

and Mrs W. H. WHITING, of Mouton, to NORAH. younger daughter ol Mr. and Mrs.

E. BARLOW, ol Heaton Park. WHYATT LOVETT. On the 6th at St. John's.

Bronchton. by the Rev. Noel No well. HAROLD. youngest son ol Mrs.

and the late Mr. Lewis WHYATT Brouehton. to KATHLEEN MARION, younger daughter ol the late Rev. G. J.

and Mrs. LOVHTT. ol Cborlton-cnm-Hardy. At home. July 21, 18.

Cavendish Road, Chorlton-cum-Hardy. Silver Wedding BOYLE HUNTER. On July 7. 1906. at Swinton Unitarian Church, by the Rev.

W. B. George, SJ.A., ROBERT ROYLE to FANNIE HUNTER. Broolcside, Worsley Road. Swinton.

Manchester. DEATHS ASCOUCH-On Julv 4. jt White Gates. Gee Cross, Hyde. EIJlTK ESTHER, younzest daughter ol the late Mat'hew andJElling ASOOUGH.

No mourning, by her request. Service 5t. Thomas's Cbnrch Hyde, 2 p.m. this day (l-uesdayj, followed by cremation. BEL! On Jnly SI at 12.

Perrymead. Prestwirn, EDITH EMILY, widow nt the late Fred BELL. Interment at St. Marraret's Church. Prestwicb.

thin day (Tuesday), at 3 m. Inquiries to Heap and Son, funeral directors. Bnry. BROOKSHAW-On Jnly 3. in his 65tb year.

ALFRED, son ol the late Mr. and Mrs. Eli BROOKSHAW. ol Eccles. Service at Manchester Crematorium on Wednesday, Jnly 8.

at 11 a.m. No flowers, by special request. Inquiries to Mesm. Kendal, Milne and Co. CA8DAQL1.

On the 6th inst-. at- Bad-Nanbeim. DEMETRIUS EMMANUEL, of Cairo, second son of the late Emmanuel CASDAGLI, formerly of Kersal -HOI. KersaL Manchester. CHOWTHER.

On Jnly 4, 1931, at bis residence. Royds Mount. Hnddersfleld. JOHN EDWARD CROWTHETt. JJP.

the dearly loved husband at the lata Mrs. M. aged 69 years Memorial service Marsden Parish Church on Wednesday. Jnly 1931. at twelve noon; cremation Lstwnswood.

Leeds, at tbe same time. DE LA WYCHE- On July 3. 193' at Kiilarney. Manitoba. HARRY, tbe beloved husband of Amy TE u.

WYCHE and second son ol the late Peter de la Wycbe, of Levenshnlme. All letters should be addressed either to the Editor individnals. Tbe Editor cannot be responsible tor the return ol practicable. -no' nsed'they will be Printed and Published by JOHN-RTJSSELT, ECOTT. NEWS at the Guardian Building, 3, Cress.