The Guardian du lieu suivant : London, Greater London, England • 5

THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN, MONDAY, APRIL 27, 1931 BOOKS OF THE DAY PROFESSOR C. H. HERFORD MAY T. IHJG ABIRIAHC went mad to spite them. A kind of awful aloofness drove him mad, a relentless terrible chastity.

It made SWIFT Bwni. By Carl Van Doren. London Martin Seeker. Pp. 268.

10s. 6d. net. There must be very few biographers who have not at one time or 'another been tempted by Swift. So much Broad desks, beautifal rooms, superb cooking, unrivalled, personal service.

JL here's no sweeter Tobacco comes from Virginia and no better brand than the 'THREE CASTLES3" THE VIRGINIANS) WILLS'8 Dugdulc of Professor Herford, whose death is announced. THREE CASTLES CIGARETTES 1921, but stayed in Manchester, now an honorary professor, till 1927, when he yvent to live at Oxford. He yvas known as an examiner in many other universities, including London and Liverpool, and held honorary doctorates of Cambridge, Manchester, and Wales. In 1926 he was made a Fellow of the British Academy. He yvas president of the Manchester Dante Society, and helped to found it.

The Later Works The chief labour of Herford's later years yvas the great edition of Ben Jonson, in which his partner was Mr. mm perverse ana it maae mm, oDscene and it made his prose cold and hard and marvellous Qualities that am to be found in the writing of Congreve and Mr. Shaw, two other Protestant Irishmen One of Swift's perversities was to live his life in such a way that no ordinary biographer could hope to deal with it. Mr. Van Doren is amongst the more pleasing victims of this perversity.

T. M. M. SIDNEY GODOLPHIN The Poems of Sid-ey Godouphin. Edited by William Dighton.

Oxford Clarendon Press. Pp. xliii. 78. 10s.

net. The 'work of this Cavalier poet was virtually unknown to English letters till Professor Saintsbury brought him into the second volume of his "Minoi Poets of Caroline Period" in 1906, drawing on the Malone MS. in the Bodleian and the Harleian MS. in th British Museum. He owes his separati existence in this choice edition to Mr.

Drinkwater's discovery and purchase oi the Burlington in which his poemt were written out by his nephew. William Godolphin, and presented by him to Elizabeth, Countess of Burlington. The task of collation, begun Mr. Drinkwater himself, was completed by Mr. Dighton, who took over the entire, editing of the work, and has carried it admirably through.

The result is an acceptable addition to the Caroline poets. From Mr. Drink-water's critical appreciation, Mr. Dmhtnn biographical study and textual research, and the array of the poems themselves he comes out a figure for admiration, this staunch Ilnyalist, friend of Clarendon, Falkland, and Hobhes: a soldier by loyalty rather than inclination; an undersized man with so little hardiness that he shrank from a rough wind when out riding, and yet, schooled himself to the rigours of soldiering and died fighting through excess of courage; less a man of action and affairs than a contemplative student, and, though a member of Parliament, a silent member, except in a crisis: hut a man of judgment, whether in peace or war, and of special importance in army councils. Above all he.

was a poet, graver than thr. Cavaliers commonly were, and of more arduous execution, producing only tun or three poems a year (he died at 33), yet mature in his art, a maker of music and a master of form, showing i peculiar grace or ininu ana tranquillity of spirit, though at the same time an intensity that enables a song like. "Or love mee Jesse, or love mee more" to keep its lyrical force through the whole of its metaphysical fabric. In some other pieces he lacks carrying power. But that song and Con-stancye," "To the Tune of, In fayth I cannot keepe my father's sheepe," "Noc more unto my thoughts appeare," the contemplative stanzas on the Magi, and the fine epitaph on Ben Jonson are al! of a quality that justified Falkland in linking Godolphin's name with Carew's and Waller's.

C. P. A TOURING CRITIC Excouxters. By Hubert Griffith. London John Lane.

Pp. xv. 307. Ss. 6d.

net. Mr. Hubert Griffith's editor, having invited him to choose a route across Europe and to follow it, said My dear boy, write about what you like. Only keep off politics." Such luck cannot very frequently have befallen dramatic critics, and Mr. Griffith has justified its coming to him by basing on his newspaper articles an unusually readable travel-book.

He had travelled little before, and, unless he has been deceptively modest, he knew scarcely anything about the countries he visited. I lis impressions are in conjquencc ivid and quite free of the pedantry which is so common in books of this kind. lie went, from Berlin to Riga, and thence down through Poland to Vienna before wandering eastwards to Constantinople, and so home, iy bca, to Marseilles. What he saw he set down on paper quickly and frankly a method that leads sometimes to surprising perspectives and to triviality but has the saving grace of always being alhe. As Mr.

II. G. Wells remarks in the preface, Tt's good to have someone come back from Eastern Europe who is capable uf telling us more about it than that it abounds in scenery and is altogether eiy picturesque." The ban on politics which had been applied by Mr. Griffith's editor docs not altogether extend to the book, which ends with a violent pica for less soldiers and less tariffs. One's main regret is that Mr.

Griffith was unable to get past Trotsky's secretary at Ii inkipo and meet the Bolshevik in exile. Such a failure suggests a lack of professional resourcefulness. R. The Intelligence of Animals. By Frances Pitt.

London George Allen and Unwin. Pp. 320. los. net.

The publication of a new book by Miss Pitt is always a pleasurable event to those interested in the study of animals. The present book, dealing ith the intelligence of peacocks, cows, lemmings, trout, and other wild and domesticated animals, will be no disappointment to the admirers of Miss Pitt's work. Its matter should prove equally interesting to an intelligent schoolboy and to an academic student of animal behaviour, and many of its sixty-ekjit. photographic illustrations are of great beauty. The sub-title of this book.

Studies in Comparative Psychology," suggests a more academic investigation than its author undertakes. Many of the problems of animal intelligence can only be settled by the kind of experimental study which Miss Pitt does not use and for which she shows some scorn. Much of that scorn is deserved, for a good deal of experimental work on animal psychology has been singularly barren through its authors' neglect "of such field workers as Miss Titt. Yet not all has been barren, and such workers as Kohler in TeneriSe and Mrs. Kohts in Moscow have shown that experimental work on animal intelligence can be exact without being uninspired.

One could not wish for a more fruitful result of Miss Pitt's observations than that they should lead to laboratory investigators of comparative psychology attacking by more exact methods the hundreds of problems which her work raises. Apart from its value as a preliminary scientific survey- of problems of animal intelligence. Miss Pitt's book is a worthy contribution to the literature of animal study. One yvould have to be anormally indifferent to animal life not to find it of fascinating interest. it.

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The Manclir-tor Wood hlrfft Mission Holiday Homo at Squires Gate, Blackpool, where last f-uinnier children, from the poorer districts of Manchester and Salford were given holidays, was opened for the season to-day by the Lord Mayor of Manchester (Alderman G. F. Titt), who was accompanied by the Lady, Mayoress (Mrs. Titt). There was a large attendance oi subscribers and friends at the Home for the.

opening ceremony, including the Mayors of JJliiekpool and Lytham St. Aunea and the Bihop of Blackburn (Dr. Herbert). The Lord Mayor said that tiie building up of boys and gills into fctrong men and women wa- the most important work in civilised society. Unless, he added, we were able to givo them a Btrong; physique all our expenditure in endeavouiing to develop them mentally, was more or less wasted.

The Bishop of Blackburn said it was a slow and painful task getting rid of the slums and providing rehousing conditions. Meanwhile, thank God, much had been done. The standards of life had changed in a way that would have appeared quite incredible to our grandfathers. The whole standard of living had been raised in a most remarkable way in comparatively few years. Not only that, but the standards of outlook, which had even greater bearing on the giowth of character than improvements in personal comfort, had been raised.

Was not a new appreciation of the wonder of the world in which they had come to live their lives at least one of the things we should like to ensure for the coining generation? It would, indeed, he a tragedy if because such things as the beauty of the sea, the power of sunshine and clean fresh air were hard to find in our crowded industrial centres that children should think they did not exist, and should not want to enjoy them when the chance came. It was that which was, perhaps, the most important of the possibilities opened up -by that holiday camp. It wa3 good for the children to come to camp for a week and be happy, but it was better for them to go back to the homes from which they came feeling that life was worth living and that they had within them powers they were abIeto develop in camp surroundings which they wanted to develop in those of their homes. Mr. H.

F. Simpson, -the chairman of the mission, commented on the fact that in spite of the "very wet weather" they were havinc in trade anA ih Insm a certain large subscription reaching 800 year, their income was as large as was eight years ago. so many fascinating inconsistencies, Buch an astonishing person ality to work on. Yet no great life of bwift has. been so far written.

Per haps the trouble is that his life and his genius were so enmeshed that it would take a kindred genius to interpret his make a whole pattern of it. The psychologist can explain mental disorder, but he cannot re-create it. He can say that such an experience may produce such an obsession, but the mystery of the obsession itself is comprehensible only to those whose souls it has darkened. Thus a Swift may be built up and pulled to pieces. but the result is not Swift.

A quality is missing, an essential quality. The little pictures clear enough the big picture that gives the little pictures their sitrnifie.mt.-R is a. hlnr. Mr. Van Doren's biographical method i3 the "Let my subject speak for himself" method.

fie st-orns. theory, ana tne tittle pedant rv of those who would know for whether Swift actually married Stella, Or whftlier lie at last rlf-sretuls To act with Ips pprapliic ends, in order to gratify Vanessa. If provides, an exact account of Swift's career, based as far as possible on documents ana savings. I lie account is entirely interesting. The work is doiifi well, slii-kly.

The characters crime forward, each to say nis little piece, each to make his bow. Your I'ope, your Hnlingbrokc, your your Harlc-y, your Addison all are there, in period and to typo. Kvi-n Queen Anne is there, and Marlborough, and Swift, who is poor, -avage. powerful. Dean, and at.

last. m.id. It is as good a Swift, pageant as exists, except peiliaps Scott's, and Hint is unhappily inaceuiate. It is not, a Swift Tin: trouble about. Swift, from the point, of view of Mr.

Viin Doren, is that lie lends himself to neat sayings. 'Swift was ii. misanthropist, but, he is famous for his fi iendships. Jlr; shrank from women, but lie made two women famous, lie detested Ireland, but he has the. affection of the That is that, you feel.

Hut is it Or is it rather what, Hindus call the snare of the pairs of opposites' Neat sayings demean Swift, deplorable: punster as lie. was. Mr. Van Duron's Swift is little. Swift will not be contained in a generalisation.

Xor will he speak for himself now any inoie than he would when lie. was alive The only thing to do is to read him his incomparable prose, his pleasant jingling verses that treat sometimes of hideous subjects Jind see his life through his work, brooding on it and then in a vague way getting the hang of it. Sometimes it seems as though Protestant Irishmen must be spiritually alien, just as they are politically alien. They never seem to belonsr anywhere, and so act the buffoon, or go mad, or palely whimper in Celtic wilight. An autobiographical preface to Mr.

Shaw's first novel, "Immaturity," strongly suggests this. And all of Swift's life it. He hated the world because he could never lind any real contact, with it. He hated men and women for the same reason 1 idiculcd them, dwindled them to Lilliputians, inflated them to Brob-dingmigians, compared them tie favourably with horses, saw them at their stercoral worst. Rut they only laughed at him for all his pains.

He People and Pictures of every sort, Mayfair and County, Chelsea and Golders Green, Portraits and problem picture, and a few shy moderns The Royal Academy Visit London now at the height of the season. You will not find the Langham uncomfortably crowded. A modernised hotel with the courtesy and quiet of its tradition. Central and reasonable. Brochure from Mr.

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(slit mntriullu rettittA bv Hon. Trtan BRITISH SAILORS' SOCIETY, 53, TRAFFORD THE OLDEST SAILORS' SOCIETY Gm. SicfMr: HERBERT B. BARKER. A portrait by T.

C. Charles Harold Herford (whose death is announced on another page) was the eldest son of Charles James Herford, a Manchester merchant, and was born in 1853- Ho began to be trained as an architect, and retained through life his taste and skill in sketching but the call of letters was too strong. Ho had been at Castle Howell School, Lancaster: attended classes in Owens College, under Dr. Ward; and went to Trinity, Cambridge, being bracketed eighth in the Classical Tripos of 187f). His Cambridge successes alsu diseoercd and justified his bent for English studies.

For these he laid a solid base by his attention to the ancient cl assies. Such a discipline was precious to the future critic of Ben Jonson, Spenser, Goethe, and Browning. One of his prize essays was on the Stoics, of whose spirit he had his share. Others were on the Hamlet quartos, on the romantic and classical styles in literature, and on the English drama in its social aspects. These exercises showed that Herford was formed to bo a piofcssor and historian of literature.

He had the strict and minute scholarship required; his taste was already sound, and his mind, above all, was alive to larger forces of intellectual history. He was deeply influenced by his studies in Germany, though the effect on his earlier style was not alwaxs beneficial. He occasionally wrote in a close, and difficult fashion afterwards his manner became easier, more flexible, richer, and was by no means without a pleasant learned gaiety. It always leaned to fullness, allusiveness, and condensation. He certainly learned something of the best that Germany could give the spirit of science, precision, fidelity to fact, as well as a sure outlook upon philosophy and social history in their connection with letters, lie escaped the faults both of Goethes Wagner and of that slippery dialect which moves from one half-realised abstraction to another.

His first book was valuable and erudite. The Studies in the Literary Relations of Enaland and Germany in the Sixteenth Century (1SS6) broke ground that had been hardly tilled or scratched, and its investigation of little-known humorists and humanists won the respect of scholars in both countries. The work remains an authoiity on its subject. German Studies Tn contrast with this piece of hai'd and well-rewarded digging in the by-ways may be named two other fruits of Herford's German studies. One is the lecture he gave long afterwards, in 1S97, in Oxford, on Goethe's Italian Journey." It was printed in 1900 in the Studies in European a series of such discourses, given at the Taylor Institution, by Mallarme, Pater, and othei men of note.

In this notable and eloquent paper Herford follows the sterisof Goethe's artistic evolution and growth with eloquence and acumen, packing iuucu into nve-ana-twenty pages. Twelve years later, in the volume issued by the Manchester University-Press, "Germany in the Nineteenth Century." another set of lectures by various scholars, Herford is again seen on his favourite ground, andhis keen perception of the currents of national life and thought is more apparent than ever. But to return to the earlier nineties. In 1SS7 Herford had been appointed to the Chair of Enslish Language and Literature at the University "College of Wales in Aberystwyth, and held it till 1901. For some years he did not publish much in book form.

In 1894 came his accomplished and very timely verse translation of Ibsen's As it happened, another brilliant version, by the late F. Edmund Garrett, came out in the same year, and is at least equal to Herford's in spin and vigour. Herford, however, had a close knowledge of the Norwegian idiom, and shows much skill in rhyming easily without: wandering from the sense. He knew Norway, and had seen Ibsen played on the native stage. His translation, or part of it, was acted in London on at least one occasion.

This was in the days when Ibsen was hardly known to the English public as a poet: he was judged by the moral dialectics of "A Doll's House" or The Pillars of Society," and seldom by the tiagic pathos of lirand or the poetic ironies of Peer Six years afterwards, in 1900, Herford produced his English rendering, again in easy thymes, of the interesting "Love's Comedy," in which a certain transition is seen between Ibsen's poetry and his k.ter drama. Ibsen's stern and tortuous talent had a strange attraction for the humane and idealising temper of the English professor. One point of contact is perhaps seen in Herford's racy management of the hunioious and 'ionic passages in his originals. He had his shave, as Ins intimates and few others knew, of a "pertinent and sarcastic insight" (to use Carlylc's phrase about Merimee) which was haidly betrayed by his ex-ticme courtesy of manner and musing aspect. He at times seemed slightly abstracted in debate, but relieved the tedium and strife of college committees by making hunioious mental notes; though these, indeed, weie aot so fierce as Ibsen's The Aye of Wordsworth It may be regretted that he left no more of this kind of writing But meanwhile scholarship and literary history had claimed him.

His edition (1S95) of Spenser's "Shepherd's Calendar" is a model of its kind, and reveals incidentally the sound linguistic training which as part of Herford's large equipment. But "The Age of Wordsworth remains his most remaikable book. It came out in 1S97 in Professor Hales's "Handbooks of English Literature," and yvent through "six editions in eleven years. Its only fault is that it ought not to have been a "handbook" at all it suffers from the enforced lapidity of the survey, and tho language is at times condensed and allusive. But this remarkable tableau, is not and cannot soon be superseded.

The skill in proportioning and perspective, the flexible comprehension of many types of genius, and the inlaying of happy epithet and trait, as well as the human and biographical touches, give to "The Age of Wordsworth" a peculiar place amongst English works of the kind. In 1901 Herford returned to Manchester to occupy until 1921 the newly-founded Chair of English Literature. In 1900. as an interlude, he had given the Percy Turnbuli Lectin es at the Johns Hopkins L'niversity, Baltimore. He now- settled in Didsbury and devoted himself anew to his "life as a teacher, author, editor, and critic.

No one could be more at home in the great libraries of Manchester than Herford. with his great range of mental sympathy and his command of languages which included Russian and Italian as well as Greek, Latin. French. German, and Norwegian! Some of his hest papers were lectures given in the Rylands Library and first printed in its publications. With his linguistic and other colleagues he developed the School of English in the University, inspired many students, and trained many scholars! His voice was often heard, too.

in the English Association and kindred bodies; he had the uncommon gift of being able to make extempore a finished literary speech. It is impossible to say how much seed may be sown in young minds by such a man. It was for a long time a full and hrupy life: but-for Herford the Great War. in which he lost his only son, Siegfried, was doubly terrible: yet he never intermitted work, and his literary form and judgment seemed only to ripen nnder the stress. He resigned his chair in 10 for 20 for 50 for Handmade Also obtainable in BOOKS RECEIVED We have received the following bookB, 'row Kdwirrl ArrroH WCLMNOTON- THE AND N1VELLE.

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net. scholarship of the one and the wide literarv culture of the other than to rare qualities of heart and character which make the loss of both still poignant to their many friends. Like few others, they stood in close touch wiih the two elements. English and German (so kindred yet so alien), of the community in which they lived, and these drew them together largely by virtue of their own rich endowment in some of the finer characteristics of both. This language unconsciotiBly, was true or nertord himself, buch a union of gifts and sympathies cannot be repeated; and Manchester mav well be proud of having had so long in her miast a great literary scholar with a vision so wide and of a temper so noble, working with no care for display and merely doing his utmost whatever the task in band.

Dr. Herford married the daupditer of the late Chief Postmaster of Bremen, Herr Hermann Betge. Mrs. Herford died in December, 1930. Their daughter is married to Mr.

G. K. Braunholz, Professor of Comparative Philology at Oxford. Percy Simpson. This massive monument of scholarship, long delayed, is now appearing, and the value of Her ford's contribution to the biography and estimate of the poet is acknowledged on all hands.

He had alwavs delighted in the curious hue and texture of that learned sock," and had written already on Jonson in the Du-tionaiy of National Biography- anil in the Mermaid Series." He had also done admirable work on Shakespeare, his ten-volume edition of whom (the is the companion of many scholars. His prefaces to me piays are cameos ot appreciation and authoritative summaries of Shakespeaie lore; like Dowden, Herford was at home in the vast foreign literature of the subject. The historian and the critic were singularly well balanced in his mind. He inclined, no doubt, to the historical point of view, but he was by no means inclined to lose sight of the man or the artist, or to dissect him, as some Teutons do, into a mere bundle of tendencies. Herford's writing became ever more vivid and human as time passed.

A line or two may be added on some of his occasional works, which vary widely in theme. His book on Browning in the series of English Writers" is. alomc with his Ben Jonson." his longest and most valuable interpreta tion ot a single autnor. rJertord view of life, though not to be called puritanical, and though it allowed him to understand almost anv kind of literary art. was throughout prorounaiy etnical ana philosophic.

The creed and ideas of Browning interested him strongly, and, unlike most of the poet's interpreters, he does not make them dreary in the exposition. Nor. again, does he allow them to bribe his artistic judgment in the way so common amoncst Entrlish critics. He would have been the ideal interpreter and judge of George Eliot, if oniy because of his deep strain of sympathy with the Positivist temper. Readers ot the Manchester Guardian need no reminding of his skill, weight, and generosity as a reviewer; his connection with this journal lasted many years.

We need only remark on his rare instinct for doing justice to the aim and expounding the drift of the book he had in band instead of merely-sitting in judgment on the results. Of his other publications we can only name a few. His little preface to a selection of English Tales in Verse is a masterly view of the theme. His paper on D'Annunzio is written with a fervour and an understanding that are remarkable in an critic and professor. His inaugural lecture in Manchester on "The Permanent Power of Enclish Poetrv is a survey.

rangine from summit to summit, of the deep, distinctive traits of several litera tures. A similar ranee and grasr are found in his article on Lucretius, one of his finest. Another work of the same order is that on Shakespeare's presentment or love and marriage. Manchester readers will be glad to read the words that Herford prefixed to the essay on Goethe already mentioned. The words were written" before he arrived, but they will recall old memories to many.

They run I desire to assciate tins lecture with lha memory ot two friends whose labours in the promotion of English tioethe studies will not pasily be foreotten. Herman Hager (d. 13S5), and Heinrich Preisinger (d. 1S96). Their work (especially as successive secretaries of the Manchester Goethe Society) owed its froitralness not less to the brilliant.